JP2020036417A - Control apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a winding switching apparatus in which an adjustment time period required for winding switching can be shortened.SOLUTION: A control apparatus 30 is applied to a system 100 including a rotary electric machine 10 in which any one of multiple winding patterns can be switched to a conduction target winding, and an inverter 20 that achieves conduction to the conduction target winding. The control apparatus includes: a parameter acquisition unit that acquires a parameter having correlation with the amplitude of an induction voltage of the rotary electric machine 10; a control unit that controls the inverter 20 so as to satisfy a switching condition that an equalized waveform of an application voltage applied from the inverter 20 to the conduction target winding has an amplitude and a phase the same as those of an induction voltage generated in the conduction target winding; a winding switching unit that switches the conduction target winding when the switching condition is satisfied; and a storage unit 32 that stores a map in which the duty ratio of a switch is associated with the parameter. The control unit controls the inverter 20 on the basis of the map and the parameter.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a control device applied to a system including a rotating electric machine and an inverter.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a technique has been proposed in which a winding is appropriately switched in a rotating electric machine. For example, in the technology described in Patent Literature 1, an inverter including a series connection of an upper arm switch and a lower arm switch is provided for each phase of a star-connected three-phase winding, and the winding is wound around the three-phase winding. The changeover switch is connected. Then, when the winding of the rotating electric machine is switched, the current flowing through the winding of the rotating electric machine becomes zero, that is, the applied voltage applied to the rotating electric machine by the inverter has the same phase and the same amplitude as the induced voltage of the rotating electric machine. Feedback control of each switch of the inverter is performed so that When the applied voltage and the induced voltage have the same phase and the same amplitude after a predetermined adjustment period, the winding of the rotating electric machine is switched using the winding switch. This prevents a surge voltage from being applied to the inverter when switching the windings of the rotating electric machine.

JP 2013-62888 A

  However, in the technology described in Patent Document 1, when the winding of the rotating electric machine is switched, each switch of the inverter is feedback-controlled, so that the adjustment period required for the winding switching is lengthened. Therefore, for example, when the amplitude of the induced voltage increases beyond the amplitude adjustment range of the applied voltage during the adjustment period, there is a problem that the winding cannot be switched. For this reason, a technique that can shorten the adjustment period required for winding switching is desired.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and has as its object to provide a winding switching device capable of shortening an adjustment period required for winding switching.

  The present invention provides a rotating electrical machine that can switch any one of a plurality of winding patterns having different numbers of windings to a winding to be energized, and a rotary electric machine connected to a DC power supply, and turning on and off a switch provided for each phase, so that An inverter that energizes the winding, a control device applied to a system including: a parameter acquisition unit that acquires a parameter having a correlation with an amplitude of an induced voltage of the rotating electric machine; and the energization target winding from the inverter. A control unit that controls the inverter so as to satisfy a switching condition that an amplitude and a phase of an equivalent waveform of an applied voltage to be applied to the winding are the same as an amplitude and a phase of an induced voltage generated in the winding to be energized; A winding switching unit that switches the winding to be energized when the switching condition is satisfied; a duty ratio that defines an ON time of the switch; And a storage unit for storing a map in which the duty ratio is associated with the data. The control unit determines the duty ratio based on the map and the acquired parameter, and determines the determined duty ratio. The inverter is controlled based on.

  A state in which the current flowing through the winding of each phase is zero, since the winding to be energized is switched so as to satisfy the switching condition that the amplitude and phase of the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage are the same as the amplitude and phase of the induced voltage. Can switch the winding to be energized, and can suppress generation of a surge voltage. On the other hand, when the duty ratio of the switch is feedback-controlled in order to reduce the current flowing through the winding of each phase to zero, the adjustment period required for winding switching is lengthened, and the winding to be energized can be appropriately switched. There are problems such as inability to do so.

  In the control device according to the present invention, a map in which the duty ratio of the switch and a parameter having a correlation with the amplitude of the induced voltage are stored in the storage unit. Therefore, when the winding of the rotating electric machine is switched, the duty ratio of the switch can be determined based on this map and the acquired parameter. As a result, it is not necessary to perform feedback control of the duty ratio of the switch, and the adjustment period required for winding switching can be reduced as compared with the case of performing feedback control.

The figure which shows the whole structure of a vehicle-mounted motor control system. The figure which shows the change of the applied voltage in control of an inverter. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a control process. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a winding switching process according to the first embodiment. The figure which shows the relationship between a rotation speed and a power supply voltage. The figure which shows an adjustment period. The figure which shows transition of the rotation speed etc. at the time of driving of a two-wheeled vehicle. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a winding switching process according to the second embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in rotation speed in a combustion cycle of the engine.

(1st Embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment in which a control device according to the present invention is applied to an in-vehicle motor control system 100 will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a control system 100 according to the present embodiment is for controlling a rotating electric machine 10 of a motorcycle, and includes a rotating electric machine 10, an inverter (power converter) 20, a control device 30, and a winding machine. A line switching circuit 50 is provided. In the present embodiment, the control system 100 corresponds to a “system”.

  The rotating electric machine 10 is, for example, an MG (Motor Generator). The rotor 11 (rotor) of the rotating electric machine 10 is connected to a crankshaft 72 of the engine 70 so as to be able to transmit power. The rotating electric machine 10 rotates by the rotation of the crankshaft 72, and The crankshaft 72 rotates. That is, the rotating electric machine 10 has a power generation function of generating power (regenerative power generation) by rotation of the crankshaft 72 and a powering function of applying a rotating force to the crankshaft 72.

  The rotating electric machine 10 includes a rotor 11 and a stator 13 (stator). The rotor 11 is provided with a permanent magnet 12 for performing a magnetic field. That is, the rotating electric machine 10 is a permanent magnet field type rotating electric machine. The permanent magnet 12 is specifically a neodymium magnet or a ferrite magnet.

  The stator 13 of the rotating electric machine 10 is provided with a stator winding 14 which is a multi-phase winding corresponding to each of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase. These stator windings 14 are Y-connected (star connection), and each stator winding 14 is configured by, for example, a wave winding, and includes a first winding 15 and a second winding 16. .

  In each phase, one end of the first winding 15 is electrically connected to the inverter 20 (hereinafter simply referred to as connection). The other end of the first winding 15 is connected to one end of the second winding 16 or the second neutral point Np2 via the winding switching circuit 50. The other end of the second winding 16 is connected to a first neutral point Np1 different from the second neutral point Np2.

  The winding switching circuit 50 includes first, second, and third switches 51a, 51b, and 51c. In the present embodiment, voltage-controlled semiconductor switching elements can be used as the switches 51a to 51c. Specifically, for example, MOSFETs, IGBTs, SiC switching elements, and mechanical relays can be used.

  Each of the switches 51a to 51c has first and second switching terminals 52 and 53, and a connection terminal 54 selectively connected to one of the switching terminals 52 and 53. The connection terminal 54 is connected to the other end of the first winding 15. The first switching terminal 52 is connected to one end of the second winding 16, and the second switching terminal 53 is connected to the second neutral point Np2.

  The stator winding 14 of the rotating electric machine 10 is connected via an inverter 20 to a battery 40 which is a DC power supply. The voltage of the battery 40 may be, for example, 12 V, which is similar to that of the accessories, or may be a higher voltage. The battery 40 is, for example, an assembled battery in which a plurality of lithium ion storage batteries are connected in series. The battery 40 may be another type of storage battery such as a nickel-metal hydride storage battery.

  The inverter 20 includes three series-connected bodies of a high-potential side switching element 22a, 22b, 22c (upper arm switch 22) and a low-potential side switching element 23a, 23b, 23c (lower arm switch 23). Connected and configured. In each phase, a stator winding 14 of a corresponding phase of the rotating electric machine 10 is connected to a connection point between the upper arm switch 22 and the lower arm switch 23. In the present embodiment, voltage-controlled semiconductor switching elements are used as the upper and lower arm switches 22 and 23, and more specifically, MOSFETs are used.

  The inverter 20 energizes the stator winding 14 of each phase by turning on and off the upper arm switch 22 and the lower arm switch 23 provided for each phase. Specifically, the inverter 20 generates an applied voltage VI from the power supply voltage VD of the battery 40 by turning on and off the upper arm switch 22 and the lower arm switch 23, and applies the applied voltage VI to the stator winding of each phase. 14.

  The control system 100 includes a voltage detection unit 21 and a magnetic pole position sensor 60. Voltage detector 21 detects the voltage of battery 40 as power supply voltage VD. For example, it is a resolver, an encoder, and a Hall sensor. The magnetic pole position sensor 60 outputs an angle signal that changes according to the rotation angle of the rotating electric machine 10. In the present embodiment, the magnetic pole position sensor 60 is a Hall sensor that outputs a binary signal according to the polarity of the magnetic pole of the rotor 11. The control device 30 acquires the detection values of the voltage detection unit 21, the magnetic pole position sensor 60, and the like. The function provided by the control device 30 can be provided by, for example, software recorded in a substantial memory device and a computer or hardware executing the software, or a combination thereof.

  The control device 30 calculates the magnetic pole position Lm (electrical angle) of the rotor 11 and the rotation speed Ne of the rotor 11 based on the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60. Further, control device 30 calculates a crank angle CA, which is a rotation angle position of crankshaft 72 of engine 70 from a reference position, based on an output signal of magnetic pole position sensor 60.

  The control device 30 generates operation signals for the upper and lower arm switches 22 and 23 to configure the inverter 20 and to turn on and off the lower arm switches 22 and 23 based on the calculated magnetic pole position Lm and the like. The generated operation signal is output to the upper and lower arm switches 22 and 23. Thereby, the inverter 20 energizes the stator windings 14 of each phase. Here, the operation signal of the upper arm and the corresponding operation signal of the lower arm are complementary to each other. That is, the upper arm switch 22 and the corresponding lower arm switch 23 are turned on alternately.

  Further, control device 30 calculates the phase and amplitude of induced voltage VY generated in stator winding 14 of rotating electrical machine 10 based on the calculated magnetic pole position Lm and rotation speed Ne. Control device 30 calculates the phase of induced voltage VY from magnetic pole position Lm, and calculates the amplitude of induced voltage VY from rotation speed Ne. The rotation speed Ne is used to calculate the amplitude of the induced voltage VY because the amplitude of the induced voltage VY is proportional to the rotation speed Ne. Then, the control device 30 generates each switching signal based on the calculated induced voltage VY in order to switch each of the switches 51a to 51c included in the winding switching circuit 50, and generates each of the generated switching signals. Output to the switches 51a to 51c. Thereby, the winding to be energized is switched for each phase.

  When the connection terminal 54 of each of the switches 51a to 51c is simultaneously connected to the first switching terminal 52 by the switching signal, the first winding 15 and the second winding 16 are to be energized, and the neutral point is set to the first neutral position. The characteristic point is Np1. Hereinafter, a winding pattern in which the first winding 15 and the second winding 16 are energized is referred to as a first winding pattern PM1. When the connection terminal 54 of each of the switches 51a to 51c is simultaneously connected to the second switching terminal 53 by the switching signal, only the first winding 15 is to be energized, and the neutral point is set to the second neutral point Np2. Become. Hereinafter, a winding pattern in which only the first winding 15 is energized is referred to as a second winding pattern PM2. Therefore, the first winding pattern PM1 and the second winding pattern PM2 have different numbers of windings of the winding to be energized. In the present embodiment, the first winding pattern PM1 and the second winding pattern PM2 correspond to “plurality of winding patterns”.

  Then, when switching the winding to be energized, the control device 30 first has the amplitude and the phase of the equivalent waveform of the voltage VI applied from the inverter 20 to the winding to be energized are the same as the amplitude and the phase of the induced voltage VY. An operation signal is generated and the inverter 20 is controlled so as to satisfy the switching condition of. In the control of the inverter 20, the control device 30 controls the duty ratio Duty of each of the upper arm switch 22 and the lower arm switch 23 in one electrical angle cycle Tdw of the rotating electric machine 10 so as to satisfy the above switching condition. Specifically, the duty ratio Duty indicates a ratio (= Ton / Tsw) of the ON time Ton of the upper and lower arm switches 22 and 23 to a specified period Tsw (see FIG. 2) shorter than one electrical angle period Tdw. The control device 30 turns on and off the upper arm switch 22 in accordance with the duty ratio Duty in the first half period TA obtained by dividing one electrical angle period Tdw into two equal parts, on condition that the upper and lower arm switches 22 and 23 are not turned on simultaneously. . Further, the control device 30 controls the lower arm switch 23 in accordance with the duty ratio Duty on the condition that the upper and lower arm switches 22 and 23 of the same phase are not simultaneously turned on in the latter half period TB obtained by dividing one electrical angle period Tdw into two equal parts. Turn on and off. In the present embodiment, the control unit 30 updates the duty ratio Duty every one electrical angle cycle Tdw. When the switching condition is satisfied, the control device 30 generates a switching signal to switch the winding to be energized.

  Control of the inverter 20 in switching of the winding to be energized will be described with reference to FIG. In the control of the inverter 20, phase control and amplitude control are performed. Here, the phase control is control for making the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY have the same phase. The amplitude control is a control for making the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY have the same amplitude. In the present embodiment, the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI refers to a basic waveform included in the applied voltage VI as a rectangular wave with one electrical angle period Tdw as one cycle (see the column of time axis expression in FIG. 2A). A wave component is a dominant waveform. The fundamental wave component is a first-order component when the applied voltage VI is subjected to Fourier series expansion.

  FIG. 2 shows a change in the applied voltage VI in the control of the inverter 20. FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY before each of the phase control and the amplitude control is executed. FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY after the phase control and before the amplitude control. FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY after each of the phase control and the amplitude control is executed. 2A, 2B and 2C, (a) shows the waveform of the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60, (b) shows the waveform of the applied voltage VI, and (c) shows the applied voltage. The equivalent waveform of the voltage VI and the waveform of the induced voltage VY are shown, and (d) is a vector representation of the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY in the dq coordinate system. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the phase of the induced voltage VY and the phase of the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60 are the same. However, since the phase relationship between the induced voltage and the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60 is uniquely determined by the rotating electric machine 10, it is not always necessary to have the same phase if the phase relationship can be grasped.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, before each of the phase control and the amplitude control is performed, each of the switches 22 and 23 included in the inverter 20 is subjected to the rectangular wave control, and the applied voltage generated by the rectangular wave control is controlled. The phase of VI is advanced by a phase difference δ compared to the phase of the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60. Therefore, the phase of the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI is advanced by the phase difference δ as compared with the phase of the induced voltage VY. The magnitude of the voltage vector Viv of the applied voltage VI is larger than the magnitude of the voltage vector ωΦ of the induced voltage VY. Therefore, the amplitude of the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI is larger than the amplitude of the induced voltage VY.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, in the phase control, the switches 22 and 23 constituting the inverter 20 are turned on and off so that the applied voltage VI and the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60 have the same phase. Accordingly, the phase of the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI becomes equal to the phase of the induced voltage VY.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, in the amplitude control, the control of the inverter 20 is switched from the rectangular wave control to the PWM control so that the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY have the same amplitude. The duty ratio Duty of each of the switches 22 and 23 constituting the inverter 20 is controlled. By appropriately adjusting the duty ratio Duty, the magnitude of the voltage vector Viv of the applied voltage VI becomes equal to the magnitude of the voltage vector ωΦ of the induced voltage VY, and the amplitude of the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI is reduced. It becomes equal to the amplitude of the voltage VY.

  By the way, in the amplitude control, when the duty ratio Duty is feedback-controlled (for example, PI control) in order to appropriately adjust the duty ratio Duty, a predetermined time is required from the start of winding switching to the completion of winding switching. Requires the adjustment period TW (see FIG. 6). If the adjustment period TW becomes long, a situation may occur in which the applied voltage VI and the induced voltage VY cannot be set to the same amplitude due to rotation fluctuations or changes in the operation state, and there is a possibility that the winding to be energized cannot be switched. is there.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to solve the above-described problem, the first and second maps MP1 and MP2 stored in advance in the storage unit 32 of the control device 30 when the winding of the rotating electric machine 10 is switched are referred to. A control process for controlling the inverter 20 is performed by the control unit. The storage unit 32 is configured by, for example, a ROM, a rewritable nonvolatile memory, and the like.

  The first and second maps MP1 and MP2 are map information in which the duty ratio Duty is defined in advance corresponding to the rotation speed Ne, that is, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY. Specifically, in the first and second maps MP1 and MP2, the duty ratio Duty is determined such that the ON time Ton of the upper arm switch 22 and the lower arm switch 23 increases as the amplitude of the induced voltage VY increases. ing. Therefore, in the control process, the duty ratio Duty of the inverter 20 is feedforward controlled by referring to the first and second maps MP1 and MP2. This makes it possible to shorten the adjustment period TW required for winding switching as compared with the case where the duty ratio Duty is feedback-controlled.

  The first map MP1 is a map corresponding to the first winding pattern PM1, and is referred to when the current-carrying winding is switched from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2. The second map MP2 is a map corresponding to the second winding pattern PM2, and is referred to when the current-carrying winding is switched from the second winding pattern PM2 to the first winding pattern PM1. That is, the control device 30 stores a plurality of maps MP1, MP2 respectively corresponding to the winding patterns PM1, PM2. Then, the control device 30 controls the inverter 20 by referring to the maps MP1, MP2 corresponding to the current winding patterns PM1, PM2 before switching.

  FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the control processing according to the present embodiment. This control process is repeatedly performed at predetermined time intervals by the control device 30 while the engine 70 is driving, for example.

  When the control process is started, first, in step S10, it is determined whether the current winding to be energized is the first winding pattern PM1. Specifically, the current energization target winding is determined based on the switching signal output to the winding switching circuit 50.

  If an affirmative determination is made in step S10, it is determined in step S12 whether the winding switching request flag FD is on (valid). The winding switching request flag FD is specifically turned on, for example, when it is determined that the rotation speed Ne is higher than a predetermined value Nk. Further, the winding switching request flag FD is specifically turned on, for example, when a torque assist request occurs. When the torque required for driving the two-wheeled vehicle is insufficient in the first winding pattern PM1, the control device 30 generates a torque assist request and increases the torque by the second winding pattern PM2. If a negative determination is made in step S12, as shown in step S20, the control process ends in a state where the winding to be energized is maintained in the first winding pattern PM1.

  If an affirmative determination is made in step S12, the rotational speed Ne is calculated in step S13. In the following step S14, it is determined whether or not the rotation speed Ne calculated in step S13 is equal to or less than a first threshold value Ntg1. As shown in FIG. 5, the first threshold value Ntg1 is set based on the power supply voltage VD. Specifically, when the winding to be energized is the first winding pattern PM1, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY is determined by the power supply voltage VD. This is the rotation speed Ne when it becomes equal to the voltage VD. The power supply voltage VD is proportional to the first threshold value Ntg1, and the higher the power supply voltage VD, the larger the first threshold value Ntg1.

  If an affirmative determination is made in step S14, that is, if the rotation speed Ne is equal to or less than the first threshold value Ntg1, in step S16, a winding switching process is performed, and the winding to be energized is switched from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern. Switch to pattern PM2. In the following step S18, it is confirmed that the current-carrying winding has been switched to the second winding pattern PM2, and the control process ends.

  On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in step S14, that is, if the rotation speed Ne is higher than the first threshold value Ntg1, the switching of the winding to be energized is prohibited. Thus, as shown in step S20, the control process ends in a state where the winding to be energized is maintained in the first winding pattern PM1.

  FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of the winding switching processing of the present embodiment. In the winding switching process, phase control and amplitude control of the applied voltage VI are performed to switch the winding to be energized. When the winding switching process is started, first, in step S50, the phase of the applied voltage VI is controlled. In a succeeding step S52, it is determined whether or not the winding is switched from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2. Specifically, it is determined whether the current winding to be energized is the first winding pattern PM1.

  If an affirmative determination is made in step S52, that is, if the winding is switched from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2, the duty ratio Duty is determined with reference to the first map MP1 in step S54. Specifically, in the first map MP1, the duty ratio Duty associated with the rotation speed Ne calculated in step S13 is specified, and the duty ratio Duty is determined.

  On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in step S52, that is, if the winding is switched from the second winding pattern PM2 to the first winding pattern PM1, in step S56, the duty ratio Duty is determined with reference to the second map MP2. I do. Specifically, in the second map MP2, the duty ratio Duty associated with the rotation speed Ne calculated in step S13 is specified, and the duty ratio Duty is determined.

  In a succeeding step S58, amplitude control of the applied voltage VI is performed. Specifically, the inverter 20 is controlled based on the duty ratio Duty determined in steps S54 and S56. As a result, the switching condition is satisfied. In the following step S60, by switching the switching signal output to the winding switching circuit 50, the winding to be energized is switched, and the winding switching control ends. In the present embodiment, the processing from step S50 to step S58 corresponds to a “control unit”, and the processing in step S60 corresponds to a “winding switching unit”.

  Returning to the control process shown in FIG. 3, if a negative determination is made in step S10, that is, if the current energization target winding is the second winding pattern PM2, in step S22, is the winding switching request flag FD on? Is determined. The winding switching request flag FD is specifically turned on, for example, when it is determined that the rotation speed Ne is lower than the predetermined value Nk. Further, the winding switching request flag FD is specifically turned on, for example, when it is determined that a regeneration request has occurred. When determining that the remaining capacity of battery 40 is smaller than the lower threshold, control device 30 determines that a regenerative request has occurred, and increases the amount of power generated by regenerative power generation using first winding pattern PM1. If a negative determination is made in step S22, as shown in step S40, the control process ends with the winding to be energized maintained in the first winding pattern PM1.

  If an affirmative determination is made in step S22, the rotational speed Ne is calculated in step S23. In the following step S24, it is determined whether or not the rotation speed Ne calculated in step S23 is equal to or less than a second threshold value Ntg2. As shown in FIG. 5, the second threshold value Ntg2 is set based on the power supply voltage VD. Specifically, when the winding to be energized is the second winding pattern PM2, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY is determined by the power supply voltage VD. This is the rotation speed Ne when it becomes equal to the voltage VD. The power supply voltage VD is proportional to the second threshold value Ntg2, and has a relationship in which the second threshold value Ntg2 increases as the power supply voltage VD increases. In the present embodiment, the processing of steps S13 and S23 corresponds to a “parameter acquisition unit”.

  Note that the second winding pattern PM2 has a smaller number of windings and a smaller inductance of the winding to be energized than the first winding pattern PM1, and thus has a smaller induced voltage amplitude. Therefore, when comparing the first threshold Ntg1 and the second threshold Ntg2 corresponding to the same power supply voltage VD, the second threshold Ntg2 is larger than the first threshold Ntg1.

  If an affirmative determination is made in step S24, that is, if the rotation speed Ne is equal to or lower than the second threshold value Ntg2, in step S26, the winding switching control illustrated in FIG. In the following step S28, it is confirmed that the current-carrying winding has been switched to the first winding pattern PM1, and the control process is terminated.

  On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in step S24, that is, if the rotation speed Ne is higher than the second threshold value Ntg2, the switching of the winding to be energized is prohibited. Thus, as shown in step S40, the control process ends in a state where the winding to be energized is maintained in the second winding pattern PM2.

  Next, an example of the control process will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows an adjustment period TW required for winding switching in the comparative example, and particularly shows an adjustment period TW required for winding switching from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2. The comparative example has a configuration in which the duty ratio Duty is adjusted by feedback control, as described above. 6A illustrates a transition of the winding switching request flag FD, FIG. 6B illustrates a transition of the duty ratio Duty, and FIG. 6C illustrates a transition of the winding to be energized. 6 (b) and 6 (c), the solid lines indicate the transition of each value in the control processing of the present embodiment, and the broken lines indicate the transition of each value in the control processing of the comparative example.

  First, a comparative example will be described. As shown in FIG. 6A, when the winding switching request flag FD is turned on at the time ta, if the rotation speed Ne is smaller than the first threshold value Ntg1, the phase control is performed at the time ta. In the comparative example, in the amplitude control, the duty ratio Duty is feedback-controlled. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6B, the timing at which the duty ratio Duty is determined is time tb after the elapse of the adjustment period TW from time ta. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 6C, the winding to be energized is switched. That is, in the comparative example, the adjustment period TW from the start of the winding switching to the completion of the winding switching becomes long.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6B, the duty ratio Duty is determined at time ta with reference to the first map MP1, and the amplitude control is performed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6C, the winding to be energized is quickly switched. That is, in the present embodiment, the adjustment period TW is significantly reduced as compared with the comparative example. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the adjustment period TW is substantially zero. For this reason, the winding switching of the rotating electric machine 10 can be appropriately performed.

  FIG. 7 shows changes in the rotation speed Ne and the like when the two-wheeled vehicle is driven. 7A shows the transition of the rotation speed Ne, FIG. 7B shows whether the switching from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2 is possible, and FIG. This indicates whether switching from the second winding pattern PM2 to the first winding pattern PM1 is possible.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the driving behavior of the two-wheeled vehicle changes drastically, and accordingly, the rotation speed Ne greatly changes. Therefore, at time tc, the rotation speed Ne becomes equal to or higher than the first threshold value Ntg1, but thereafter, at time td, the rotation speed Ne becomes lower than the first threshold value Ntg1. Then, at time te immediately after that, the rotation speed Ne becomes higher than the first threshold value Ntg1.

  It is considered that the winding to be energized is switched from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2 during a period TX from time td to time te. In this case, in the control processing of the comparative example, the adjustment period TW is required for winding switching. Therefore, when the adjustment period TW is shorter than the period TX, the winding to be energized cannot be switched from the first winding pattern PM1 to the second winding pattern PM2. As a result, the winding to be energized is maintained in the first winding pattern PM1 until time tj, and there is a concern that the torque required for driving the two-wheeled vehicle is insufficient.

  At time tf, the rotation speed Ne becomes equal to or higher than the second threshold value Ntg2, but thereafter, at time tg, the rotation speed Ne becomes lower than the second threshold value Ntg2. Then, at time th immediately after that, the rotation speed Ne becomes higher than the second threshold value Ntg2.

  It is assumed that the winding to be energized is switched from the second winding pattern PM2 to the first winding pattern PM1 during a period TY from time tg to time th. In this case, in the control process of the comparative example, when the adjustment period TW is shorter than the period TY, the winding to be energized cannot be switched from the second winding pattern PM2 to the first winding pattern PM1. As a result, the winding to be energized is maintained in the second winding pattern PM2 until time ti thereafter, and there is a concern that the power generation amount of the two-wheeled vehicle is insufficient.

  In the present embodiment, the adjustment period TW is reduced to almost zero. Therefore, even if the periods TX and TY in which the energized winding can be switched are short, the energized winding can be switched. Thereby, the winding switching of the rotating electric machine 10 can be reliably performed.

  According to the embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  In the winding switching of the rotating electrical machine 10, the current-carrying winding is switched when the switching condition is satisfied, so that the current-carrying winding is switched with the current flowing through each phase of the stator winding 14 being zero. Therefore, generation of a surge voltage can be suppressed. On the other hand, if the duty ratio Duty is feedback-controlled in order to reduce the current flowing through each phase of the stator winding 14 to zero, the adjustment period TW required for winding switching becomes longer, and the winding to be energized is appropriately adjusted. Problems such as being unable to switch occur.

  The control system 100 of the present embodiment stores, in the storage unit 32 of the control device 30, the first and second maps, which are map information in which the duty ratio Duty is defined in advance corresponding to the rotation speed Ne, that is, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY. MP1 and MP2 are stored. Therefore, when the winding of the rotary electric machine 10 is switched, the duty ratio Duty can be determined by referring to the first and second maps MP1 and MP2. As a result, the duty ratio Duty can be subjected to feedforward control, and the adjustment period TW required for winding switching can be reduced as compared with the case of performing feedback control.

  In particular, in the present embodiment, since the duty ratio Duty is not feedback-controlled, it is not necessary to detect the current flowing in each phase of the stator winding 14 for feedback control. Therefore, there is no need to provide a current sensor for detecting a current flowing through each phase of the stator winding 14, and the configuration of the control system 100 can be simplified.

  The rotating electric machine 10 cannot directly detect the induced voltage VY while the rotating electric machine 10 is being driven. On the other hand, since the rotation speed Ne is proportional to the amplitude of the induced voltage VY, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY can be obtained indirectly by calculating the rotation speed Ne. In the first and second maps MP1 and MP2, the duty ratio Duty is defined in advance corresponding to the rotation speed Ne. Therefore, by calculating the rotation speed Ne as the amplitude of the induced voltage VY, the duty ratio Duty can be quickly determined using the calculated rotation speed Ne.

  When calculating the rotation speed Ne as the amplitude of the induced voltage VY, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY corresponding to the rotation speed Ne changes according to the first and second winding patterns PM1 and PM2, that is, the number of windings to be energized. Therefore, when the first and second winding patterns PM1 and PM2 are different, the appropriate value of the duty ratio Duty is different.

  In the present embodiment, there are a plurality of maps MP1 and MP2 corresponding to the respective winding patterns PM1 and PM2. Therefore, each map MP1, MP2 can store the duty ratio Duty corresponding to the corresponding winding pattern PM1, PM2. Thus, even when the rotation speed Ne is detected as the amplitude of the induced voltage VY, the amplitude of the induced voltage VY can be set to an appropriate value.

  In the present embodiment, the calculated rotation speed Ne is compared with the first and second thresholds Ntg1 and Ntg2, and when the rotation speed Ne is lower than the first and second thresholds Ntg1 and Ntg2, the winding to be energized is switched. .

  For example, when the applied voltage VI is generated from the power supply voltage VD without amplification, the amplitude of the applied voltage VI is smaller than the power supply voltage VD. As described above, the amplitude of the applied voltage VI is limited by the power supply voltage VD, and the induced voltage VY and the applied voltage VI need to have the same amplitude within this limit.

  In the present embodiment, there are first and second threshold values Ntg1 and Ntg2 obtained by converting the limitation by the power supply voltage VD into the rotation speed Ne of the rotary electric machine 10. Is determined. Therefore, the induced voltage VY and the applied voltage VI can have the same amplitude within the limit of the power supply voltage VD.

  In the present embodiment, when the rotation speed Ne is higher than the first and second thresholds Ntg1 and Ntg2, the switching of the winding to be energized is prohibited. That is, if the induced voltage VY and the applied voltage VI cannot have the same amplitude within the limit of the power supply voltage VD, the switching of the winding to be energized is prohibited. This makes it possible to preferably suppress generation of a surge voltage when switching the winding to be energized.

(2nd Embodiment)
Hereinafter, the second embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings, focusing on differences from the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the winding switching process is different. FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of the winding switching processing according to the present embodiment. 8, the same processes as those shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals for the sake of convenience, and description thereof will be omitted.

  The difference between the winding switching process of the second embodiment and the winding switching process of the first embodiment is that the referred duty ratio Duty is corrected based on the crank angle CA of the crankshaft 72.

  As described above, the crank angle CA is calculated based on the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60. Then, control device 30 can determine which stroke of one combustion cycle (intake, compression, combustion, exhaust) of engine 70 is based on the calculated crank angle CA.

  As shown in FIG. 9, in the combustion cycle of the engine 70, the intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes are repeatedly performed, and the rotation speed of the crankshaft 72 fluctuates. Accordingly, the rotating speed Ne of the rotating electric machine 10 fluctuates. Specifically, assuming that the time average value of the rotation speed Ne in one combustion cycle is the average rotation speed Nav, the rotation speed Ne tends to be lower than the average rotation speed Nav in the intake and compression strokes, and the combustion and exhaust strokes In this case, the rotation speed Ne tends to be higher than the average rotation speed Nav.

  The control device 30 calculates the average rotation speed Nav of the rotor 11 based on the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60, and determines the duty ratio Duty based on the calculated average rotation speed Nav. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, when the calculated crank angle CA is the first crank angle CA1 belonging to the compression stroke, the average rotation speed Nav is higher than the actual rotation speed Ne. On the other hand, the duty ratio Duty is determined to be relatively large.

  Further, when the calculated crank angle CA is the second crank angle CA2 belonging to the exhaust stroke, the average rotation speed Nav is smaller than the actual rotation speed Ne, so that the duty ratio is relatively small with respect to the actual rotation speed Ne. It is controlled to Duty. Therefore, the induced voltage VY and the applied voltage VI cannot be made to have the same amplitude, and the effect of suppressing the surge voltage can be reduced.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the duty ratio Duty determined based on the crank angle CA is corrected. Since the crank angle CA and each stroke in one combustion cycle correspond one-to-one, it is possible to predict the first and second fluctuations RE1, RE2 of the actual rotation speed Ne with respect to the average rotation speed Nav from the crank angle CA. it can. In the present embodiment, a value obtained by subtracting the actual rotation speed Ne from the average rotation speed Nav is set as a variation. Then, by correcting the duty ratio Duty determined using the first and second maps MP1 and MP2 based on the first and second fluctuation amounts RE1 and RE2, it is possible to suppress generation of a surge voltage. it can. Specifically, for example, at the first crank angle CA1, since the average rotation speed Nav is higher than the actual rotation speed Ne, the first fluctuation amount RE1 becomes a positive value. Therefore, control device 30 corrects duty ratio Duty so that duty ratio Duty decreases. Further, specifically, for example, at the second crank angle CA2, since the average rotation speed Nav is smaller than the actual rotation speed Ne, the second fluctuation amount RE2 has a negative value. Therefore, control device 30 corrects duty ratio Duty so that duty ratio Duty increases.

  Next, the winding switching processing of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 8 will be described. In the winding switching process, when the duty ratio Duty is determined in steps S54 and S56, the crank angle CA is calculated in step S70. In a succeeding step S72, the duty ratio Duty is corrected based on the crank angle CA calculated in the step S70. In the present embodiment, the process in step S70 corresponds to a “position information acquisition unit”.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the crank angle CA at the time of winding switching of the rotary electric machine 10 is calculated, and based on the calculated crank angle CA, based on the first and second maps MP1 and MP2. The determined duty ratio Duty is corrected. Since the crank angle CA and each stroke in one combustion cycle of the engine 70 correspond one-to-one, the first and second fluctuations RE1, RE2 of the actual rotation speed Ne with respect to the average rotation speed Nav are predicted from the crank angle CA. can do. Then, by correcting the duty ratio Duty based on the first and second fluctuation amounts RE1 and RE2, it is possible to appropriately suppress the generation of the surge voltage.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to the description of the above embodiment, and may be implemented as follows.

  In each of the above embodiments, the example in which the stator winding 14 includes the two windings 15 and 16 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. May be switched to the winding to be energized.

  In each of the above embodiments, the first and second windings 15 and 16 constituting the stator winding 14 have been described as being constituted by independent windings, however, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the first winding 15 may be configured by connecting three unit windings constituting each first winding 15 in parallel. Further, the second winding 16 may be configured by connecting three unit windings constituting each second winding 16 in series.

  In the above embodiment, the example in which the stator windings 14 are Y-connected is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the stator windings 14 may be Δ-connected.

  In the above embodiment, the winding switching control for thinning out the energized windings has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the winding switching control for switching between the Y connection and the Δ connection may be performed.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, an example has been described in which the rotation speed Ne is calculated based on the output signal of the magnetic pole position sensor 60 when the rotation speed Ne is acquired as the amplitude of the induced voltage VY, but is not limited thereto. For example, the rotation speed Ne may be obtained from the vehicle speed of the motorcycle. When the motorcycle has a transmission, the rotation speed Ne may be acquired from the vehicle speed of the motorcycle and the gear ratio of the transmission. Specifically, the rotation speed Ne can be calculated from the rotation speed of the axle calculated from the vehicle speed of the motorcycle, or by dividing the rotation speed of the axle by the gear ratio. In the present embodiment, the vehicle speed of the motorcycle and the gear ratio of the transmission correspond to a “correlation value”.

  In each of the above embodiments, an example is shown in which the duty ratio Duty is associated only with the rotation speed Ne in the first and second maps MP1 and MP2, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the first and second maps MP1 and MP2, the duty ratio Duty may be associated with the rotation speed Ne and the power supply voltage VD. The power supply voltage VD fluctuates according to the remaining capacity of the battery 40. When the power supply voltage VD fluctuates, the rotation speed Ne fluctuates. Since the duty ratio Duty is associated with the rotation speed Ne and the power supply voltage VD in the first and second maps MP1 and MP2, it is possible to prevent a surge voltage from being generated due to a change in the remaining capacity of the battery 40. It can be suppressed suitably.

  In each of the above embodiments, the winding switching request flag FD is exemplified by the rotation speed Ne, the regeneration request, and the torque assist request, but the invention is not limited thereto. For example, it may be determined whether or not there is a switching instruction from the user. Further, it may be determined whether or not the speed of the motorcycle is lower than a predetermined speed.

  In the above embodiments, the rotating electric machine 10 is an example of a permanent magnet field type rotating electric machine in which a permanent magnet 12 is provided on a rotor 11, but the present invention is not limited thereto. A field winding type rotary electric machine provided with a winding may be used. In this case, a field current (field magnetic flux) flowing through the field winding may be added as a parameter of the first and second maps MP1 and MP2.

  As the PWM control, a control in which the duty ratio Duty is not constant within one electrical angle period Tdw and the duty ratio Duty is changed in accordance with the amplitude of the induced voltage VY may be performed. This control is, for example, PWM control based on the magnitude relationship between the equivalent waveform of the applied voltage VI and the carrier signal.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Rotating electric machine, 14 ... Stator winding, 20 ... Inverter, 22 ... Upper arm switch, 23 ... Lower arm switch, 30 ... Control device, 40 ... Battery, 60 ... Magnetic pole position sensor, 100 ... In-vehicle motor control system, MP1: first map, MP2: second map.

Claims (6)

A rotating electric machine (10) capable of switching any of a plurality of winding patterns (PM1, PM2) having different numbers of windings to a winding to be energized;
An inverter (20) connected to a DC power supply (40) and energizing the winding to be energized by turning on and off switches (22, 23) provided for each phase. A control device (30),
A parameter acquisition unit that acquires a parameter having a correlation with the amplitude of the induced voltage of the rotating electrical machine,
The inverter so as to satisfy a switching condition that an amplitude and a phase of an equivalent waveform of an applied voltage applied to the winding to be energized from the inverter are the same as an amplitude and a phase of an induced voltage generated in the winding to be energized. A control unit for controlling
A winding switching unit that switches the winding to be energized when the switching condition is satisfied,
A storage unit (32) for storing a map (MP1, MP2) in which a duty ratio (Duty) for defining the ON time of the switch and the parameter are associated;
The control device, wherein the control unit determines the duty ratio based on the map and the acquired parameter, and controls the inverter based on the determined duty ratio. The parameter acquisition unit acquires a rotation speed (Ne) of the rotating electric machine or a correlation value thereof as the parameter,
The control device according to claim 1, wherein the storage unit stores the duty ratio associated with a rotation speed of the rotating electric machine. Power can be transmitted between the rotor of the rotating electric machine and the crankshaft (72) of the engine (70).
A position information acquisition unit that acquires information on a crank angle (CA) that is a rotation angle position of the crankshaft from a reference position,
The control device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit corrects the determined duty ratio based on the acquired crank angle, and controls the inverter based on the corrected duty ratio. The storage unit stores a plurality of the maps corresponding to the respective winding patterns,
The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit controls the inverter based on the map corresponding to the current winding pattern.   5. The winding switching unit according to claim 4, wherein when the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine is equal to or less than a threshold value (Ntg <b> 1, Ntg <b> 2) set based on the power supply voltage of the DC power supply, the winding target switching unit. Control device.   The control device according to claim 5, wherein the winding switching unit prohibits switching of the winding to be energized when the rotation speed of the rotating electric machine is higher than the threshold value.

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