JP2020025952A - Water purification treatment apparatus - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
Description
本発明は水道水に含まれる水質的健康影響物質の低減を目的とし、特に原水処理のために注入添加される塩素剤として多用されている「次亜塩素ナトリウム」（有効塩素濃度は１２％や６％）由来で混入するクロレートや、前駆物質と塩素により生じるトリハロメタン等の薬品由来の汚染物質、あるいは臭気物質等を可能な限り低減する水道原水の浄化処理法の汎用化を可能にする浄水処理装置に関するものである。
本発明の基本技術は英国のＪシンプソン氏の発明（１８００年代前半）による緩速生物ろ過法である。
このろ過法は水質的健康影響物質の低減、すなわち薬品無添加は基よりトータルとしての水処理コストも低減されるだけでなく、近年では原水に溶存するストロンチューム、セシウム等の除去効果も期待されることから、改めてその利便性が見直されている。
本発明は“緩速生物ろ過法”の浄水処理装置において、“省スペース化”、“省力化”、及び画期的に機能促進される可能性がある“緩速生物ろ過法”の浄水処理装置に関するものである。The present invention aims to reduce water quality health-affecting substances contained in tap water, and in particular, "sodium hypochlorite" (effective chlorine concentration is 12% or less) which is frequently used as a chlorine agent injected and added for raw water treatment. 6%) Water purification treatment that enables the generalization of raw water purification treatment that minimizes chlorate contaminating from the source, chemical-derived contaminants such as trihalomethane generated by the precursor and chlorine, or odorous substances as much as possible. It concerns the device.
The basic technology of the present invention is a slow biofiltration method according to the invention of J Simpson of the UK (early 1800's).
This filtration method is expected to reduce water quality health-affecting substances, that is, not adding chemicals not only reduces the total water treatment cost than the base, but also has the effect of removing strontium and cesium dissolved in raw water in recent years. Therefore, its convenience has been reviewed again.
The present invention relates to a "slow biofiltration method" water purification apparatus, which is capable of "space saving", "labor saving", and the "slow biofiltration method" that may be revolutionarily promoted. It concerns the device.
従来において上水道の浄化工程に薬品添加をしない浄化法（浄水処理法）として、微生物を活用する緩速ろ過法（１８２９年、シンプソン発明）が公知である。
これは粒径０．２〜０．４ｍｍ程度の砂を用いて深さ１．５ｍ程度の砂層を有する池に、水道原水（浄化対象水）を砂層内流速４ｍ／日程度で極めて緩やかに流せば砂層の表面に数時間で自然に生物膜が形成されて、対象水の浄化が始まり、多様な有害物質・病原性細菌・化学物質等を微生物の食物連鎖（硝化、脱窒、破砕分解、吸着、補足、変性、及びそれらの複合作用等）で自然消滅する自然浄化原理を用いた無理のない浄化法である。Conventionally, a slow filtration method (1829, Simpson invention) utilizing microorganisms is known as a purification method (water purification method) in which no chemicals are added to a purification process of waterworks.
This means that raw water for tap water (purification target water) can flow extremely slowly at a flow rate of about 4 m / day in a pond having a sand layer of about 1.5 m depth using sand having a particle size of about 0.2 to 0.4 mm. In a few hours, a biofilm is naturally formed on the surface of the sand layer, and purification of the target water begins, and various harmful substances, pathogenic bacteria, and chemical substances are converted into food chains of microorganisms (nitrification, denitrification, crushing and decomposition, This is a natural purification method that uses the natural purification principle that naturally disappears by adsorption, supplementation, denaturation, and their combined actions.
この方法は要するに“Ｊシンプソンの緩速ろ過法”または“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”である。
自然に生成される前記生物膜の浄化作用は、各種微生物によるもので、また原生動物、藻類、水生生物の浄化作用も観られ、通過する原水に含まれる異物、溶存する有機物、臭気物質、鉄、アンモニア、マンガン、さらにはストロンチューム、セシウム等の除去にも効果があると期待される。
すなわち“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”は薬品無添加であるが故に薬品汚染を伴わないろ過法であり、ろ過時に塩素添加ゼロの浄水に、ろ過後において有効塩素を微量付与（給水末端で０．１ｍｇ／ｌ程度の残留塩素を目標にすれば０．３ｍｇ／ｌ程度の有効塩素の付与）すれば、日本の水道水で定められている二次汚染のリスクが少ない安全性の高い飲用水道水になる。This method is basically a “slow filtration method of J Simpson” or a “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)”.
The purifying action of the biofilm naturally generated is due to various microorganisms, and also the purifying action of protozoa, algae and aquatic organisms is observed, and foreign substances contained in raw water passing therethrough, dissolved organic matter, odorous substances, iron , Ammonia, manganese, strontium, cesium and the like are also expected to be effective.
In other words, the “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)” is a filtration method that does not involve chemical contamination because it does not contain chemicals, and a small amount of available chlorine is added to purified water with no chlorine added during filtration (water supply If the residual chlorine at the end is about 0.1 mg / l and the effective chlorine is about 0.3 mg / l, then the risk of secondary pollution stipulated in Japan's tap water is low and the safety is low. It becomes high drinking tap water.
しかしこの方法は処理水量増大に比例して水面積（ろ過池の面積）が広大になると共に生物膜の管理に手間がかかるという問題がある。
一方現在用いられている浄化法（浄水処理法）は水面積（ろ過池の面積）が少ない（浄水場のスペースが少なくてすむ）急速ろ過法であり、この方法は運転操作を自動化することで省力的であることから広く用いられている。
しかし、この方法はあくまでも物理化学処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）であり前述の“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”とは異なり、特に塩素注入率が大きくなるため処理された水道水の薬品汚染（塩素由来の薬液汚染）のリスクが高いのである。
この急速ろ過法においては浄化対象水（原水）に酸化剤として塩素（Ｃｌ２）を注入するが、この場合に対象水中のアンモニア態窒素の除去には条件にもよるが該アンモニア濃度の７倍以上（アンモニア濃度が１ｍｇ／ｌなら７ｍｇ／ｌ以上）の濃度の塩素を注入しなければならないことになるので、どうしても過剰な塩素注入（消毒目的のための塩素量より格段に多い注入）となってしまう。過剰な塩素注入の結果、前駆物質との作用で塩素化合物（トリハロメタン等）が生成したり、異臭味等が生じたりして、浄水への悪影響を生じさせることになる。However, this method has a problem that the water area (the area of the filtration pond) becomes large in proportion to the increase in the amount of treated water, and the management of the biofilm takes time.
On the other hand, the purification method (water purification method) currently used is a rapid filtration method with a small water area (area of a filtration pond) (requiring less space in a water purification plant). It is widely used because it is labor-saving.
However, this method is a purification method by physicochemical treatment (water purification method), and is different from the aforementioned “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)”. The risk of chemical contamination (chemical contamination from chlorine) is high.
In this rapid filtration method, chlorine (Cl 2 ) is injected as an oxidizing agent into the water to be purified (raw water). In this case, the removal of ammonia nitrogen in the water to be purified is seven times the ammonia concentration, depending on conditions. Since chlorine must be injected at a concentration of above (7 mg / l or more if the ammonia concentration is 1 mg / l), excessive chlorine injection (injection much more than the chlorine amount for the purpose of disinfection) is inevitable. Would. As a result of excessive chlorine injection, a chlorine compound (trihalomethane or the like) is generated by the action of the precursor, or an unpleasant odor or the like is generated, thereby causing an adverse effect on water purification.
一方日本において厚生労働省は「薬品由来の汚染物質の混入を低減すべきことであること及び次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが本質的に分解性のある物質であることに配慮し」としており、これは「塩素導入率の低減」が望まれている、と解釈できる。
これに関して急速ろ過法において、異臭味対策でオゾン処理を急速ろ過池の前段後段に追加し塩素注入率を低減した事例もあるが、その設備コスト、維持管理コスト、施設更新時のコスト、電力消費費用、消耗品費用等を考慮すれば極めて不経済で、しかも環境負荷を増大させるという問題も生じさせている。On the other hand, in Japan, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has stated that "it is necessary to reduce the contamination of chemical-derived contaminants and that sodium hypochlorite is an inherently degradable substance." It can be interpreted that "reduction of chlorine introduction rate" is desired.
In this regard, in the rapid filtration method, ozone treatment was added to the front and rear stages of the rapid filtration tank to reduce the chlorine injection rate as a countermeasure against unpleasant odors.However, the equipment cost, maintenance and management costs, facility renewal costs, and power consumption were reduced. Considering the cost, the cost of consumables, etc., it is extremely uneconomical, and also causes a problem of increasing the environmental load.
本発明の第１の目的は“Ｊシンプソンの緩速ろ過法”または“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”の原理を用いながらも省スペースにすることであり、本発明の第２の目的は生物膜の管理の省力化であり、本発明の第３の目的はろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程を付加し浄水処理の安全性を確実にさせる、以上の３つを目的とする。
以上の３つの目的について以下分説する：
本発明の第１の目的は、上記の従来の急速ろ過法の問題点を解決すべく、“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”の原理を用い、それを構造的に改良して“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”のさらなる実用化を図るものである。
すなわちその改良点とは、従来の“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”においては“ろ過水量”が水平な砂層の平面積（表面負荷率）を基準としているが、その砂層を水平でなく“縦配置”にすることにより省スペースにすることが可能になるのであるが、この“縦配置”は生物膜を構成する好気性微生物への酸素の供給という点から従来は困難とされていたのを、本発明は簡単な電気分解装置（電解装置）を付加することにより解決したのである。
すなわち従来は大気と接する“ろ過池”の水面積から微生物に必要な酸素を大気中から取り込んでいるので、“縦配置”にすれば水面積が縮小され、当然のことながら酸素が不足になる。
その解決方法として本発明では、請求項１乃至４の発明に限定されるが、電気分解装置（電解装置）を付加することにしたのである。
次に本発明の第２の目的は、“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”における重要な問題であった生物膜の維持管理を省力化及び効率化することにある。
この第２の目的達成のために、まず“生物膜”の構造乃至構成を改良した、その詳細は後述する。
次に省力化及び効率化のために、請求項１乃至４の発明に限定されるが、それらの“電解装置”を酸素供給だけでなく塩素供給も可能にし、そしてそれら選択切り替え可能にし、生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化のための主要な役割を“電解装置”に持たせたのである。
さらに省力化及び効率化のために、具体的構成の詳細は後述するが、“生物膜”の構成（該“生物膜”を複数の構成とし、そのひとつ）として“流動する浮遊担体”なるものを用いて、それが流動することによる物理的作用を生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化に用いたのである。A first object of the present invention is to save space while using the principle of "slow filtration method of J Simpson" or "purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)". The third object of the present invention is to add a microporous physical microfiltration treatment step as the next step of the filtration pond to ensure the safety of the water purification treatment. The three objectives.
These three objectives are discussed below:
A first object of the present invention is to use the principle of "purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)" in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional rapid filtration method, and to structurally improve it using the principle. Purification method by biological treatment (water purification method) ".
That is, the point of improvement is that in the conventional "purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)", the "filtration amount" is based on the flat area (surface load factor) of the horizontal sand layer. Instead, it is possible to save space by using a "vertical arrangement". However, this "vertical arrangement" has conventionally been difficult in terms of supplying oxygen to aerobic microorganisms constituting a biofilm. However, the present invention has been solved by adding a simple electrolysis device (electrolysis device).
That is, conventionally, oxygen required for microorganisms is taken in from the air from the water area of the "filter pond" that is in contact with the atmosphere, so if the "vertical arrangement" is used, the water area is reduced, and naturally the oxygen becomes insufficient. .
As a solution to this problem, the present invention is limited to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, but an electrolysis apparatus (electrolysis apparatus) is added.
Next, a second object of the present invention is to save labor and improve the efficiency of maintenance and management of a biofilm, which has been an important problem in the “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)”.
To achieve the second object, the structure or configuration of the "biofilm" is first improved, and details thereof will be described later.
Next, in order to save labor and improve efficiency, the present invention is limited to the inventions of claims 1 to 4, but it is possible to make those "electrolyzers" not only supply oxygen but also supply chlorine, and make them selectively switchable. The "electrolytic device" was given a major role for labor saving and efficiency improvement of membrane maintenance.
In order to further save labor and improve efficiency, the details of the specific structure will be described later, but the structure of the “biofilm” (the “biofilm” has a plurality of structures, one of which is “flowable floating carrier”) And the physical action of flowing it was used for labor saving and more efficient maintenance of the biofilm.
以下各々について説明する。
まず“生物膜（生物ろ過膜）”であるが、これは以下の２つの構成からなり：
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様なろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で存在させるもの
以上の２つで構成される。
前記第２の担体については、その浮遊状態の制御により、前記第１の生物ろ過膜の状態を最適化するために用いることが可能になる。
次に、請求項１乃至４の発明に限定されるが、その“電解装置”について説明すれば、その設置位置は大きく分類して２つの設置位置があり、
まず第１の設置位置は、ろ過池において縦型枠組構造体の間（ある間隔で設置される場合はそれらのゾーンの間）の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意（例えば底部、中部等）に選択可能に設置される。
次に第２の設置位置は、生物膜によるろ過工程の後であり、かつ次の工程である精密ろ過工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために、ここにも電解装置が設置される。
従って、まずろ過池の電解装置について説明し、その後に精密ろ過工程の入り口の電解装置について説明する。
すなわち、ろ過池の電解装置の第１の機能としては、これで生成される酸素ガスを水中に生成溶存させることで微生物の硝化、脱窒、食物連鎖の活性化を図る。Hereinafter, each will be described.
The first is "biofilm (biofiltration membrane)", which consists of the following two components:
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure and various layers of filter media such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the second) A porous material having a specific gravity equivalent to that of water, etc. The carrier is a living place of the creature, and is composed of two or more carriers that exist in a large number of fluidized states in the water of the filtration pond.
The second carrier can be used to optimize the state of the first biological filtration membrane by controlling the floating state of the second carrier.
Next, although limited to the inventions of claims 1 to 4, if the "electrolysis device" is described, its installation position is roughly classified into two installation positions.
First, the first installation position is in the water between the vertical frame structures in the filtration pond (or between those zones when installed at a certain interval), and the vertical direction in the water is arbitrary (for example, bottom, middle, etc.). ) Is installed to be selectable.
Next, the second installation position is after the biofilm filtration step, and at the entrance of the next step, the microfiltration step, an electrolytic apparatus is also installed here to generate chlorine for disinfection purposes. You.
Therefore, the electrolytic device at the filtration pond will be described first, and then the electrolytic device at the entrance of the microfiltration step will be described.
That is, as the first function of the electrolytic device of the filtration pond, nitrification, denitrification of microorganisms, and activation of the food chain are aimed at by generating and dissolving the oxygen gas thus generated in water.
すなわち電解装置は、酸素を発生させて水の溶存酸素濃度を最適制御することにより好気性微生物の活動（主として硝化活動）を促進させる。
逆に電解装置の位置（酸素の発生位置）を上下に変化させることにより酸素不足エリアを作り出し、該酸素不足エリアで嫌気性微生物を活性化させるためにも用いることが可能になる。
ろ過池の電解装置の第２の機能としては、生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化のための機能である。
すなわち電解装置は、塩素を発生させて微生物が付着して形成されているバイオ膜（生物膜）を自動更新するためにも用いられる。
バイオ膜（生物膜）での損失水頭の自動制御と“ろ過池”内部、特に“生物膜”、の定期的消毒及び洗浄の自動化（それにより人力による洗浄周期が延長される）が可能になる。
すなわち“生物膜”での損失水頭の自動制御と“ろ過池内部の定期的消毒の自動化”（それにより人力による洗浄周期が延長される）が可能になる。
“生物膜”の洗浄について、詳細は後述するが、次の３つの洗浄がある：
１．水を順方向に流しながら洗浄する（以下「順洗浄」という）。
２．水を逆方向に流しながら洗浄する（以下「逆洗浄」という）。
３．“生物膜”を構成する“容器状の縦型枠組構造体”の表面を洗浄する（以下「表面洗浄」という）。
以上の３つの洗浄の詳細は後述する（図面に示して説明する）。
また“ろ過池内部の定期的消毒及び洗浄”は、“ろ過池”を複数設けておき、それらの“ろ過池”を順次休止し（特定のものを休止し）洗浄する方法を用いるべきであり、それにより定期的消毒及び洗浄を現実的に行うことが可能になる。That is, the electrolysis device promotes the activity of the aerobic microorganisms (mainly nitrification activity) by generating oxygen to optimally control the dissolved oxygen concentration of water.
Conversely, by changing the position of the electrolytic device (the position where oxygen is generated) up and down, an oxygen-deficient area is created, and the oxygen-deficient area can be used to activate anaerobic microorganisms.
The second function of the electrolytic device of the filtration pond is a function for labor saving and efficiency improvement of biofilm maintenance.
That is, the electrolysis device is also used for automatically renewing a biofilm (biofilm) formed by generating chlorine and adhering to microorganisms.
Automatic control of head loss and automatic disinfection and cleaning of the inside of "filtration ponds", especially "biofilms" in biofilms, thereby extending the cleaning cycle by humans .
In other words, it is possible to automatically control the head loss in the "biofilm" and "automate the periodic disinfection of the inside of the filter tank" (thereby extending the cleaning cycle by human power).
The "biofilm" cleaning is described in detail below, but there are three cleanings:
1. Washing while flowing water in the forward direction (hereinafter referred to as "forward washing").
2. Washing while flowing water in the reverse direction (hereinafter referred to as "backwashing").
3. The surface of the “container-shaped vertical framework structure” constituting the “biofilm” is cleaned (hereinafter referred to as “surface cleaning”).
The details of the above three cleanings will be described later (shown in the drawings and described).
For “periodic disinfection and cleaning inside the filtration basin”, multiple “filtration ponds” should be provided, and the “filtration ponds” should be sequentially stopped (specific ones should be stopped) and used. This makes it possible to perform periodic disinfection and cleaning practically.
次に精密ろ過工程の入り口の電解装置の機能とは、前記ろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程を付加し、該微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために設ける電解装置についての機能である。
生物膜によるろ過工程の後であり、かつ次の工程（終段工程）である微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために新たな電解装置が設けられる。
すなわち消毒目的の塩素についてこの電解装置で発生させた塩素を用いるのである。
なお付言すれば電解装置による塩素発生技術は一例として特開２００４−１４３４８１、特許２７１１３８２、特許３３５７００８等に公知である。
電解装置において微量の食塩水を電解室内に添加すれば、食塩水の電解となり塩素が発生する。Next, the function of the electrolytic device at the entrance of the microfiltration step is to add a microporous physical microfiltration step as the next step of the filtration pond, and at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration step, This is a function of an electrolysis device provided to generate chlorine for disinfection.
After the biofilm filtration step, and at the entrance of the next step (final step), the microporous physical microfiltration step, a new electrolytic device is provided to generate chlorine for disinfection purposes. .
That is, chlorine generated by this electrolytic device is used for chlorine for disinfection.
It should be noted that a chlorine generation technique using an electrolysis apparatus is known in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-143481, Japanese Patent No. 2711382, and Japanese Patent No. 3357008.
If a trace amount of saline is added to the electrolysis chamber in the electrolyzer, the saline is electrolyzed and chlorine is generated.
本発明の第２の目的は前述の通り、“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”における重要な問題であった生物膜の維持管理を省力化及び効率化することにあったが、それに関して生物膜の構成と電解装置について説明した。
ここで電解装置はあくまでも酸素供給手段または洗浄手段のひとつであるから、酸素供給手段についてはポンプによる散水、水中キャビテーション、（空気の）マイクロバブリングで置換してもよく、また洗浄手段については塩素を電解装置によることなく直接塩素注入してもよく、さらに塩素による洗浄でなく縦型枠組構造体や物理的精密ろ過装置を超音波洗浄で洗浄してもよい。
次に本発明の第３の目的であるが、前記ろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程を付加することにある。
すなわち前記生物膜によるろ過工程の次の工程として、微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過、例えば縦型陶板（例えばＮＦ／２ｍｍ級）によるろ過、あるいは物理処理を目的とした砂ろ過（これもスペース的にも、また洗浄のためにも縦型が望ましい）、による“ろ過”（以下“微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過”と称する）を行ない、生物膜による“ろ過”を補完することにある。
この“微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過”は前段の生物膜によるろ過工程でブレークスルー等のアクシデントが発生した場合に「ろ過水（浄水）」の安定性を確保するものである。
この“微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過”は常圧（ポンプ等で加圧して“ろ過”するのでなく水面の水頭の圧力で“ろ過”するという意味である）で行われ、前述の通り生物膜によるろ過工程の次の工程（言い換えれば最終工程）であるから既に生物膜で浄化されており、その結果ろ過面の汚染は限定的であり、電解塩素の作用でその洗浄の必要性はほとんどない。
次に“生物膜（生物ろ過膜）”の他の構成を次に説明する：
すなわち “生物膜（生物ろ過膜）”として、
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様なろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で存在させるもの
以上の２つで構成される“生物膜（生物ろ過膜）”を説明した。
しかし“生物膜（生物ろ過膜）”を他の構成にすることも可能であり、それを次に説明する：
すなわち縦型枠組構造体は同様な位置に設けるが、該縦型枠組構造体には砂等のろ材層を収納しない、すなわち何も収納しない、いわば“空の枠組構造体”、すなわち枠組構造体自体が“ろ過板”であって、一重乃至多重の“ろ過板”にし、この“ろ過板”に水が接触して流れるのでありその際に生物居所となっている“ろ過板”（その表面や多孔板の場合にはその孔）に生物が生息して“生物膜（生物ろ過膜）”として機能する。As described above, the second object of the present invention is to reduce the labor and efficiency of the maintenance and management of a biofilm, which has been an important problem in the “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)”. Regarding the above, the configuration of the biofilm and the electrolysis device were described.
Here, the electrolyzer is merely one of the oxygen supply means or the cleaning means. Therefore, the oxygen supply means may be replaced by watering with a pump, cavitation in water, or micro bubbling (of air). The chlorine may be directly injected without using the electrolytic device, and the vertical framework structure or the physical microfiltration device may be cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning instead of cleaning with chlorine.
Next, a third object of the present invention is to add a microporous physical microfiltration step as a step next to the filtration pond.
That is, as a step next to the filtration step by the biofilm, physical fine filtration of microporous material, for example, filtration by a vertical porcelain plate (for example, NF / 2 mm class), or sand filtration for the purpose of physical treatment (also in terms of space) This is also to perform "filtration" (preferably a vertical type for washing) (hereinafter referred to as "microporous physical microfiltration") to complement "filtration" by a biofilm.
This “microporous physical microfiltration” ensures the stability of “filtrated water (purified water)” when an accident such as breakthrough occurs in the previous filtration step using a biofilm.
This “microporous physical microfiltration” is carried out at normal pressure (meaning that “filtration” is performed at the head of the water surface, instead of “filtration” by pressurizing with a pump or the like). (The last step), which has already been purified by a biofilm, so that the contamination of the filtration surface is limited, and there is almost no need for cleaning due to the action of electrolytic chlorine. .
Next, another configuration of "biofilm (biofiltration membrane)" will be described below:
In other words, as "biofilm (biofiltration membrane)"
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure and various layers of filter media such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the second) A porous material having a specific gravity equivalent to that of water, etc. The "biofilm (biofiltration membrane)", which is composed of two or more carriers that can be used as biological residences and exist in a fluidized state in the water of a filtration pond, has been described.
However, "biofilms (biofiltration membranes)" can have other configurations, which are described below:
That is, the vertical framework structure is provided at a similar position, but the vertical framework structure does not store a filter medium layer such as sand, that is, does not store anything, so to speak, an “empty framework structure”, that is, the framework structure The filter plate itself is a "filter plate", which is made up of single or multiple "filter plates", and water flows in contact with the "filter plate". In the case of a perforated plate or a perforated plate, the living organisms inhabit and function as a “biofilm (biological filtration membrane)”.
本発明は以上の目的達成のために：
請求項１として、フロック等を沈殿させた沈殿処理水または濁度が低い原水では沈殿処理不要の原水の浄水処理について、ろ過池に設けられた生物膜、該生物膜とは：
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２の生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設けた、以上の浄水処理装置を提案するものである。
請求項２として、フロック等を沈殿させた沈殿処理水または濁度が低い原水では沈殿処理不要の原水の浄水処理について、ろ過池に設けられた生物膜、該生物膜とは：
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２のいずれか一方のみの生物膜とし、該生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設けた、以上の浄水処理装置を提案するものである。
請求項３として、フロック等を沈殿させた沈殿処理水または濁度が低い原水では沈殿処理不要の原水の浄水処理について、ろ過池に設けられた生物膜、該生物膜とは：
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２の生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設け、前記ろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程を付加した、以上の浄水処理装置を提案するものである。
請求項４として、フロック等を沈殿させた沈殿処理水または濁度が低い原水では沈殿処理不要の原水の浄水処理について、ろ過池に設けられた生物膜、該生物膜とは：
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２の生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設け、前記ろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程を付加し、次に前記生物膜によるろ過工程の後であり、かつ前記微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させる電解装置を設けた、以上の浄水処理装置を提案するものである。
さらに本発明は請求項５乃至１５の浄水処理装置及び関連発明としての電解装置（記載を省略する、特許請求の範囲を参照下さい）を提案するものである。The present invention achieves the above objects by:
Claim 1 relates to a biofilm provided in a filtration pond for the treatment of sedimentation water obtained by precipitating flocs or the like or raw water having low turbidity, which does not require sedimentation treatment.
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. The present invention proposes the above water purification treatment apparatus provided with an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) in which water is brought into contact with a biofilm and then into the water of the filtration pond so that the vertical direction in the water can be arbitrarily selected. is there.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a biofilm provided in a filtration pond, and a biofilm provided in a filtration pond, for purification treatment of sediment-treated water having floc or the like or raw water having low turbidity that does not require precipitation treatment:
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. An electrolysis device (electrolysis device) was provided, wherein only one of the biofilms was brought into contact with water, and then the water was brought into contact with the biofilm, and the vertical direction of the water was arbitrarily selectable. The present invention proposes the above water purification apparatus.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the biofilm provided in the filtration pond for the purification treatment of the sediment-treated water having floc or the like or the raw water having a low turbidity does not require the sedimentation treatment.
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. The biofilm is brought into contact with water, and then an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) is provided in the water of the filtration pond so that the vertical direction in the water can be arbitrarily selected. The present invention proposes the above water purification treatment apparatus to which a physical microfiltration step is added.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a biofilm provided in a filtration pond, and a biofilm provided in a filtration pond, for purifying sediment-treated water having floc or the like or raw water having low turbidity, which is unnecessary for sedimentation.
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. The biofilm is brought into contact with water, and then an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) is provided in the water of the filtration pond so that the vertical direction in the water can be arbitrarily selected. Physical microfiltration step added, then after the biofilm filtration step, and at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration step, provided with an electrolysis device to generate chlorine for the purpose of disinfection, Is proposed.
Further, the present invention proposes the water purification treatment apparatus according to claims 5 to 15 and an electrolysis apparatus as a related invention (omitted from description, see claims).
以下本発明の浄水処理装置を図面に示す実施例に従って説明する。
図１は前段工程（９０）と本発明の浄水処理装置（２）を有する浄水工程（１）のフロー図を示し、該浄水処理装置（２）の詳細は図２に示される。
すなわち図２を参照して、本発明はフロック等を沈殿させた沈殿処理水または濁度が低い原水では沈殿処理不要の原水の浄水処理を行うものであるが、まずフロック等を沈殿させる工程は従来公知であるから簡単に説明する。
但しこのフロック等の沈殿工程は沈殿池Ｆで行われ、原水の濁質濃度１０ｍｇ／ｌ以下の（汚濁が低い）場合には省略可能である。
すなわち沈殿池Ｆに設置された沈殿装置は前工程で注入された凝集剤により形成されたフロック等を沈殿させ、すなわち沈殿除去するものである。
前記沈殿池Ｆでフロック等を沈殿乃至沈降させた後の上澄水を浄化するのが本発明であり、以下本発明の浄水処理装置（２）を説明する。
すなわち図２に示す様に、ろ過池（Ｇの池）が前記沈殿池Ｆにプロセス的に接続されて設けられ、本発明の浄水処理装置（２）を構成する生物ろ過処理工程Ｇは該ろ過池に設けられる。
すなわち図示の浄水処理装置（２）の生物ろ過処理工程Ｇは“生物処理による浄化法”としての常圧式縦型生物ろ過装置であり、該ろ過池内に設けられる。
該常圧式縦型生物ろ過装置は“生物膜”を有し、該生物膜とは：
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の２つで構成される。Hereinafter, a water purification apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a water purification step (1) having a former step (90) and a water purification apparatus (2) of the present invention, and details of the water purification apparatus (2) are shown in FIG.
That is, referring to FIG. 2, the present invention performs a purification treatment of raw water that does not require sedimentation treatment in sedimentation treatment water in which floc or the like is precipitated or raw water having low turbidity. Since it is conventionally known, a brief description will be given.
However, the flocculation step is performed in the sedimentation basin F and can be omitted when the turbid concentration of the raw water is 10 mg / l or less (the pollution is low).
That is, the sedimentation device installed in the sedimentation tank F sediments floc and the like formed by the coagulant injected in the previous step, that is, removes sediment.
The present invention is to purify supernatant water after floc or the like is settled or settled in the sedimentation basin F, and the water purification apparatus (2) of the present invention will be described below.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a filtration pond (a pond of G) is provided so as to be process-connected to the sedimentation pond F, and the biological filtration treatment step G constituting the water purification treatment device (2) of the present invention includes the filtration Installed in the pond.
That is, the biological filtration step G of the illustrated water purification apparatus (2) is a normal-pressure vertical biological filtration apparatus as a “purification method by biological treatment”, and is provided in the filtration pond.
The atmospheric vertical biofiltration device has a "biofilm", which is:
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). It is a carrier that becomes a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, and is composed of two or more carriers that are present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. .
まず第１は、１ｍｍ〜２ｍｍ厚さ等の多孔質材、メッシュ材等のろ材を収容可能な強度を有し、水が通過可能にされた、各種構造板、具体例を例示すれば多数の網目、細かい孔等を有して水が通過可能なチタン等の板で容器状に作られた縦型枠組構造体が設けられる。
該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂（前記多孔質の孔、網目、細かい孔等を通過しない程度の粒の大きさ）の砂層を有する。
縦型枠組構造体の両側外面及び砂層の内部には微生物が生息して“生物膜”（“砂内部”の生物を含めて以下“生物膜”と称する）が構成されることになる。
ここで“生物膜”なる用語は砂内部の生物を含む概念であり、また縦型枠組構造体の両側外面、砂層の内部、砂内部、なる用語における“砂”とは“砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層”を含む概念である。
次に“生物膜”の第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるものである。
すなわち水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体（例えば活性炭の粒であり、該粒の大きさは前記縦型枠組構造体の多孔質の孔、網目または細かい孔を通過しない程度の大きさ）であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるものである。
以上の第２の担体にも自然の原水に含まれる微生物が生息して“生物膜”が構成される。
また“縦型”の意味であるが、容器状の枠組構造体がろ過池に縦方向に（池の上下方向に）設置される意味である。
枠組構造体の多孔質の孔、網目または細かい孔を外側から内側へと、さらに砂層を上から下へと常圧で（すなわちポンプ等で加圧することなく水頭差の圧力で）水が流入ろ過されていき、その過程で水は縦型枠組構造体の両側外面及び砂層の内部の微生物の“生物膜”（“砂内部”の生物を含めて“生物膜”と称する）と接触して浄化される（砂層での物理的ろ過を含む意味である）。First, a porous material having a thickness of 1 mm to 2 mm or the like, which has a strength capable of accommodating a filter medium such as a mesh material and the like, and which allows water to pass therethrough, is provided with various structural plates. A vertical frame structure made of a plate of titanium or the like having meshes, fine holes, etc., through which water can pass is provided.
The structure has a sand layer of sand (size such that the particles do not pass through the porous holes, meshes, fine holes, etc.) contained in the structure (in the container because it is a container).
Microorganisms inhabit the outer surface on both sides of the vertical framework structure and the inside of the sand layer to form a “biofilm” (hereinafter, referred to as “biofilm” including the creatures inside the “sand”).
Here, the term “biofilm” is a concept including organisms inside sand, and the term “sand” in the terms “outer surfaces of both sides of the vertical framework structure, the inside of the sand layer, and the inside of sand” refers to various types of sand. This is a concept that includes a single-layer or multiple-layered filter medium layer.
Next, the second of the "biofilm" is a carrier that becomes a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity similar to that of water. It is something that exists between them.
That is, a carrier (eg, activated carbon particles) which is a living body such as a porous body having a specific gravity similar to that of water, the size of the particles passing through the porous pores, meshes or fine pores of the vertical frame structure. And a plurality of the vertical framework structures are present between the plurality of vertical framework structures in a flow state in a large number in the water of the filtration pond.
Microorganisms contained in natural raw water also inhabit the above-mentioned second carrier to form a “biofilm”.
Also, it means "vertical type", which means that the container-like framework structure is installed in the filtration pond in the vertical direction (up and down direction of the pond).
Water flows through the porous holes, meshes or fine holes of the framework structure from outside to inside, and the sand layer from top to bottom at normal pressure (that is, at a pressure difference without a pump or the like). In the process, water is purified by contact with microbial “biofilms” (including “biofilms” inside the sand), on both sides of the vertical framework and inside the sand layer (Meaning that it includes physical filtration in the sand layer).
また砂層は物理的ろ過作用（例えばクリプト原虫等を補足して通過させない）もあるが、前記生物浄化作用が主たるものである。
前記第２の担体は水と同程度の比重でろ過池の水中に電解装置により発生した酸素気泡により多数流動状態で存在させたものであるから、ろ過池内の前記第１の容器状の縦型枠組構造体の両側外面に水の流れと共に接触することになり該構造体の外面の生物膜の表面を擦って削る作用を有し、従って生物膜の膜厚が厚くなり過ぎることを物理的に防止している。
この縦型枠組構造体は、ろ過池内に着脱自在に、また多段、多行、多列に複数設置して、それらを必要に応じて相互に直列に連結、及び／または並列に連結してもよい。
またろ過池自体も、図２に示す様に相互に遮断可能に並列に複数設けることにより、あるろ過池は使用中にし、同時に他のあるろ過池は生物膜の保守や洗浄（逆流によるろ層深部の洗浄と表面表層部の洗浄）中にし、という様に浄水場全体の運転システムを考慮した（すなわちノンストップ運転を考慮した）設置にしなければならない。The sand layer also has a physical filtering action (for example, does not allow the crypt parasites to pass therethrough), but the above-mentioned biological purification action is the main one.
Since the second carrier is made to exist in a fluidized state by the oxygen bubbles generated by the electrolysis device in the water of the filtration tank at a specific gravity similar to that of water, the first container-shaped vertical type in the filtration tank is formed. It comes into contact with the outer surface on both sides of the framework structure together with the flow of water, and has an action of rubbing and scraping the surface of the biofilm on the outer surface of the structure. Preventing.
This vertical frame structure can be detachably installed in a filtration tank, or can be installed in multiple stages, multiple rows, and multiple columns, and can be connected to each other in series and / or in parallel as needed. Good.
Also, as shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of filtration ponds are provided in parallel so that they can be cut off from each other, so that one filtration basin is in use, and at the same time, another filtration basin is used for biofilm maintenance and cleaning (filtering by backflow). During the cleaning of the deep section and the surface layer of the surface), the installation system must be considered in consideration of the operation system of the whole water treatment plant (that is, considering non-stop operation).
都市部の浄水の原水は大水量で汚濁している場合が多いが、この様な原水では本発明の縦型枠組構造体に砂を収納した縦型枠組構造体は特に省スペースに寄与する。
また縦型であるから、例えば構造体の両外面を“生物膜”にすることで構造体内に収納する砂等の“多様なろ材”の量を節約できる。
また“多様なろ材”の材質として石英、ガーネット、トルマリン、黒曜石、柘榴石、パーライト、真珠石、無煙炭（アンスラサイト）、珪砂、活性炭、焼結アルミナ等を合理的に選択可能である。
次に“電解装置”については「発明が解決しようとする課題」の欄で詳細にその機能を分類して既に説明したが、重複する部分もあるが、以下に再度説明しておく。
すなわち“電解装置”の設置位置は大きく分類して２つの設置位置があり、図３に示す様にまず第１の設置位置として電解装置（６）は、生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池において縦型枠組構造体（３）の間（図示の様にゾーンで設置される場合はそれらのゾーンの間）の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意（例えば底部、中部等）に選択可能に設置される。
次に第２の設置位置は、図３に示す様に生物ろ過処理工程Ｇ（生物膜によるろ過工程）の後であり、かつ次の工程である物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）による精密ろ過工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために新たな電解装置（８）が設置される。
従って、まずろ過池の電解装置（６）について説明し、その後に物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）による精密ろ過工程の入り口の電解装置（８）について説明する。The raw water of purified water in urban areas is often polluted with a large amount of water. In such raw water, the vertical framework structure in which sand is stored in the vertical framework structure of the present invention particularly contributes to space saving.
In addition, since it is a vertical type, for example, by making both outer surfaces of the structure "biological films", the amount of "various filter media" such as sand stored in the structure can be saved.
Quartz, garnet, tourmaline, obsidian, garnet, perlite, pearlite, anthracite, anthracite, silica sand, activated carbon, sintered alumina and the like can be rationally selected as the material of the "various filter media".
Next, the "electrolysis device" has been described in detail by classifying its functions in the section of "Problems to be Solved by the Invention". Although there are some overlapping parts, they will be described again below.
That is, the installation position of the “electrolysis device” is roughly classified into two installation positions. As shown in FIG. 3, first, as the first installation position, the electrolysis device (6) is placed vertically in the filtration pond in the biological filtration process G. In the water between the formwork structures (3) (between the zones when installed in zones as shown), the vertical direction in the water can be arbitrarily selected (for example, the bottom, the middle, etc.). Is done.
Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the second installation position is after the biological filtration step G (filtration step using a biofilm), and the next step is a microfiltration step using a physical microfiltration device (10). At the entrance, a new electrolyzer (8) is installed to generate chlorine for disinfection purposes.
Therefore, the electrolytic device (6) of the filtration pond will be described first, and then the electrolytic device (8) at the entrance of the microfiltration step by the physical microfiltration device (10) will be described.
すなわち、ろ過池の電解装置（６）の第１の機能としては、これで生成される酸素ガスを水中に生成溶存させることで微生物の硝化、脱窒（脱チッソ）、食物連鎖の活性化を図る。
すなわち電解装置（６）は、酸素を発生させて水の溶存酸素濃度を上げることにより好気性微生物の活動（主として硝化活動）を促進させる。
逆に電解装置（６）の位置（酸素の発生位置）を上下に変化させることにより酸素不足エリアを作り出し、該酸素不足エリアで嫌気性微生物を活性化させるため（主として脱チッソさせるため）にも用いることが可能になる。
ここで電解装置（６）はあくまでも酸素供給手段または洗浄手段のひとつであるから、酸素供給手段についてはポンプによる散水、水中キャビテーション、（空気の）マイクロバブリングで置換してもよい。
また“生物膜”の膜厚の制御だけに注目すれば、電解装置（６）以外にエアーノズル等を用いて膜厚を物理的に制御する（薄い膜厚にすることを含む）ことも可能である。
ろ過池の電解装置（６）の第２の機能としては、生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化のための機能である。
すなわち電解装置（６）は、モードが切り替えられて、塩素を発生させて縦型枠組構造体（３）等の微生物が付着して形成されているバイオ膜（生物膜）を自動更新するためにも用いられる。
バイオ膜（生物膜）での損失水頭の自動制御とろ過池内部の定期的消毒及び洗浄の自動化（それにより人力による洗浄周期が延長される）が可能になる。In other words, the first function of the electrolytic device (6) in the filtration pond is to generate and dissolve oxygen gas generated in the filter to dissolve and nitrify microorganisms, denitrify (de-nitsos), and activate the food chain. Aim.
That is, the electrolysis device (6) promotes the activity of the aerobic microorganisms (mainly nitrification activity) by generating oxygen to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration of water.
Conversely, an oxygen-deficient area is created by changing the position of the electrolysis device (6) (the position at which oxygen is generated) up and down, and the anaerobic microorganisms are activated in the oxygen-deficient area (mainly for denitrification). It can be used.
Here, since the electrolyzer (6) is merely one of the oxygen supply means or the cleaning means, the oxygen supply means may be replaced by watering by a pump, cavitation in water, or micro bubbling (of air).
If attention is paid only to the control of the film thickness of the “biofilm”, the film thickness can be physically controlled (including a thin film thickness) by using an air nozzle or the like in addition to the electrolytic device (6). It is.
The second function of the electrolytic device (6) in the filtration pond is a function for labor saving and efficiency improvement of the maintenance and management of the biofilm.
That is, the electrolysis device (6) is used to automatically update the biofilm (biofilm) formed by attaching the microorganisms such as the vertical framework structure (3) by switching the mode and generating chlorine. Is also used.
Automatic control of the head loss at the biofilm (biofilm) and automation of the periodic disinfection and cleaning of the inside of the filtration basin (thus extending the cleaning cycle manually) are possible.
すなわち縦型枠組構造体（３）等のバイオ膜（生物膜）での損失水頭の自動制御と“ろ過池内部の定期的消毒の自動化”（それにより人力による洗浄周期が延長される）が可能になる。
すなわち“ろ過池内部の定期的消毒の自動化”とは、図２に示す様に複数あるろ過池において、それらのいずれかを順次休止し（特定のものを休止し）洗浄中にすることで縦型枠組構造体（３）等の生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化が図れる。
次に図３に示す物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）による精密ろ過工程の入り口の電解装置（８）の機能とは、前記生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程を付加し、該微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために設ける電解装置（８）についての機能である。
生物ろ過処理工程Ｇの生物膜によるろ過工程の後であり、かつ次の工程（終段工程）である微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために新たな電解装置（８）が設けられる。
すなわち消毒目的の塩素についてこの電解装置（８）で発生させた塩素を用いるのである。
なお付言すれば電解装置による塩素発生技術は一例として特開２００４−１４３４８１、特許２７１１３８２、特許３３５７００８等に公知である。
電解装置（８）において微量の食塩水を電解室内に添加すれば、食塩水の電解となり塩素が発生する。
また洗浄手段については塩素を電解装置（８）によることなく直接塩素注入してもよく、さらに塩素による洗浄でなく超音波洗浄で洗浄してもよい。In other words, it is possible to automatically control the head loss at the biofilm (biofilm) such as the vertical framework structure (3) and to "automate the periodic disinfection of the inside of the filtration tank" (thereby extending the cleaning cycle by human power). become.
In other words, “automation of periodic disinfection inside the filter basin” means that, as shown in FIG. 2, in a plurality of filter basins, one of them is sequentially stopped (a specific one is paused) and cleaning is being performed. Labor saving and efficient maintenance and management of biofilms such as the framework structure (3) can be achieved.
Next, the function of the electrolytic device (8) at the entrance of the microfiltration step by the physical microfiltration device (10) shown in FIG. This is a function of an electrolysis device (8) provided with a microfiltration step added to generate chlorine for disinfection at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration step H.
In order to generate chlorine for the purpose of disinfection at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration step H, which is after the biofilm filtration step of the biofiltration step G and is the next step (final step), A new electrolyzer (8) is provided.
That is, chlorine generated by the electrolytic device (8) is used for chlorine for disinfection.
It should be noted that a chlorine generation technique using an electrolysis apparatus is known in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-143481, Japanese Patent No. 2711382, and Japanese Patent No. 3357008.
When a very small amount of saline is added to the electrolysis chamber in the electrolyzer (8), the saline is electrolyzed and chlorine is generated.
As for the cleaning means, chlorine may be directly injected without using the electrolysis device (8), and the cleaning may be performed by ultrasonic cleaning instead of cleaning by chlorine.
次に精密ろ過工程の入り口の電解装置（８）の機能とは、前記生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈを付加し、物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために設ける電解装置（８）についての機能である。
生物ろ過処理工程Ｇの後であり、かつ次の物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるために新たな電解装置（８）が設けられる。
すなわち消毒目的の塩素についてこの電解装置（８）で発生させた塩素を用いるのである。
なお付言すれば電解装置による塩素発生技術は一例として特開２００４−１４３４８１、特許２７１１３８２、特許３３５７００８等に公知である。
電解装置（８）において微量の食塩水を電解室内に添加すれば、食塩水の電解となり塩素が発生する。
但し電解装置（８）の代用として電解装置によることなく直接塩素注入してもよく、さらに塩素による洗浄でなく物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）を超音波洗浄で洗浄してもよい。Next, the function of the electrolytic device (8) at the entrance of the microfiltration step is that a microporous physical microfiltration step H is added as a step next to the filtration pond of the biological filtration step G, and the physical microfiltration is performed. This is a function of the electrolysis device (8) provided to generate chlorine for disinfection at the entrance of the processing step H.
After the biological filtration step G and at the entrance of the next physical microfiltration step H, a new electrolysis device (8) is provided to generate chlorine for disinfection purposes.
That is, chlorine generated by the electrolytic device (8) is used for chlorine for disinfection.
It should be noted that a chlorine generation technique using an electrolysis apparatus is known in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-143481, Japanese Patent No. 2711382, and Japanese Patent No. 3357008.
When a very small amount of saline is added to the electrolysis chamber in the electrolyzer (8), the saline is electrolyzed and chlorine is generated.
However, chlorine may be directly injected without using the electrolytic device as a substitute for the electrolytic device (8), and the physical microfiltration device (10) may be cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning instead of cleaning with chlorine.
本発明の浄水処理装置の理論を以下に説明する。
すなわち“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”は捕食、硝化（２ＮＨ４ ＋＋３Ｏ２→２ＮＯ２ −＋２Ｈ２Ｏ＋４Ｈ＋、２ＮＯ２＋Ｏ２→２ＮＯ３ −）、脱窒（通性菌等で硝酸や亜硝酸を分解し除去）、破砕、変成化、吸着といった多様な機能を含む。
好気性微生物依存の硝化により、対象水に溶存するアンモニア態窒素（ＮＨ４、ＮＨ４Ｎ）を硝化過程で窒素ガス（Ｎ２）化し、水中から除去することで塩素注入率の低減が可能になる。
また必要な場合には、通性嫌気性微生物に依存する脱窒も可能である。
電解装置は水没形の無隔膜式電解部あるいは隔膜式電解部を選択的に装備すればよく、陽極から酸素ガスを、陰極から水素ガスを通過水中で生成させる。
つまり電解装置はそこにある対象水を原料に電気分解で酸素ガスと水素ガスが必要時に必要量微細気泡で瞬時に対象水に供給できる。
電解部は多段分散、着脱自由に装備可能とし嫌気環境と好気環境をエリア内に形成する。
これは従来からの固液分離、脱色、酸化、脱臭等を目的としたいわゆる電解浮上法とは異なり、本発明における電解装置は嫌気性と好気性の環境を提供する手段である。The theory of the water purification apparatus of the present invention will be described below.
That is, the “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)” includes predation, nitrification (2NH 4 + + 3O 2 → 2NO 2 − + 2H 2 O + 4H + , 2NO 2 + O 2 → 2NO 3 − ), and denitrification (facultative bacteria, etc.). It includes various functions such as decomposing and removing nitric acid and nitrous acid), crushing, metamorphosis, and adsorption.
Nitrogen dependence on aerobic microorganisms makes it possible to reduce the chlorine injection rate by converting ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 , NH 4 N) dissolved in target water into nitrogen gas (N 2 ) during the nitrification process and removing it from water. Become.
If necessary, denitrification depending on facultative anaerobic microorganisms is also possible.
The electrolysis apparatus may be selectively equipped with a submerged non-diaphragm type electrolysis unit or a diaphragm type electrolysis unit, and generates oxygen gas from the anode and hydrogen gas from the cathode in passing water.
In other words, the electrolysis apparatus can supply oxygen gas and hydrogen gas to the target water instantaneously by the required amount of microbubbles when necessary by electrolysis using the target water there as a raw material.
The electrolysis section is multi-stage dispersed and can be freely attached and detached to form an anaerobic environment and an aerobic environment in the area.
This is different from the conventional so-called electrolytic levitation method for the purpose of solid-liquid separation, decolorization, oxidation, deodorization and the like, and the electrolytic apparatus in the present invention is a means for providing an anaerobic and aerobic environment.
再び図３に戻って説明する。
すなわち生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池の次に物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの精密ろ過池（前記ろ過池と区別するために“精密ろ過池”と称する）が設けられる。
物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口の電解装置（８）の機能とは、物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させる機能である。
図３に示す様に物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）はセラミック製、焼結パーライト（黒曜石、真珠岩等由来）製、アルミナ製等の１〜２ミクロン（μｍ）の微細多孔のろ過板を有する。
該ろ過板はろ過面積を確保するために縦型波板、平板、円筒等が用いられ、単層または多層でもよい。
物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｇに流入する水は既に浄化された浄水であるから目詰まりを強いる高水圧ろ過でなく水の水頭を用いる常圧ろ過が望ましい。
但し生物ろ過処理工程Ｇと同様に物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）においても自動洗浄にするべきである。
また常時電解生成の有効塩素の作用による滅菌乃至除菌及び物理的洗浄は、自動化に貢献し効率的である。Returning to FIG. 3, the description will be continued.
That is, the filtration pond in the biological filtration treatment step G is followed by a microfiltration pond in the physical microfiltration treatment step H (referred to as “fine filtration pond” to distinguish it from the filtration pond).
The function of the electrolytic device (8) at the entrance of the physical microfiltration step H is a function of generating chlorine for disinfection at the entrance of the physical microfiltration step H.
As shown in FIG. 3, the physical microfiltration apparatus (10) in the physical microfiltration treatment step H is made of ceramic, sintered pearlite (derived from obsidian, perlite, etc.), or made of alumina or the like, and has a thickness of 1 to 2 microns (μm). Having a microporous filter plate.
As the filter plate, a vertical corrugated plate, a flat plate, a cylinder or the like is used to secure a filtration area, and may be a single layer or a multilayer.
Since the water flowing into the physical microfiltration treatment step G is purified water that has already been purified, it is preferable to use normal pressure filtration using a water head instead of high-pressure filtration that causes clogging.
However, like the biological filtration step G, the physical microfiltration apparatus (10) in the physical microfiltration step H should be automatically washed.
Sterilization or disinfection and physical cleaning by the action of available chlorine which is always generated by electrolysis contributes to automation and is efficient.
すなわち消毒目的の塩素についてこの電解装置（８）で発生させた塩素を用いるのであり、物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させるものであった。
すなわち物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの入り口において、流入する水は常時滅菌される。
この塩素の作用は物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）の孔閉塞を防止し、ろ過継続時間を長くするだけでなく、該装置を経由した水に０．１ｍｇ／ｌ乃至０．５ｍｇ／ｌ程度等の残留塩素濃度（水道水として給水栓水で不足しない有効塩素を付与可能とするための残留塩素濃度）を与えることになる。
従来の緩速の“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”は大気と水面の接触のみで酸素を取り込んでいたが、電解装置は酸素を生成するから水面の面積を広くする必要がなくなり浄化設備の敷地を大幅に削減可能になる。
本発明の浄水処理の用途エリアとしては自由水面、タンク、管路等を選択可能であり、エリアの下層部を無酸素ゾーンにして嫌気性微生物による脱窒を可能にすることもできる。
対象水の溶存酸素濃度、ｐＨ等は濃度計で検出して数値を自動制御してもよく、さらには流入時の生物学的酸素要求量の値でフィードフォワード制御等も可能である。That is, chlorine generated by the electrolysis device (8) is used for chlorine for disinfection, and chlorine for disinfection is generated at the entrance of the physical microfiltration treatment step H.
That is, at the entrance of the physical microfiltration step H, the inflowing water is constantly sterilized.
This action of chlorine not only prevents the clogging of the pores of the physical microfiltration device (10) and prolongs the filtration continuation time, but also adds about 0.1 mg / l to 0.5 mg / l to the water passing through the device. (Residual chlorine concentration for enabling the supply of available chlorine that is not insufficient with tap water as tap water).
In the conventional slow purification method using biological treatment (water purification method), oxygen was taken in only by contact between the atmosphere and the water surface. However, since the electrolyzer generates oxygen, there is no need to increase the area of the water surface, and purification is performed. The site of the equipment can be greatly reduced.
As the application area of the water purification treatment of the present invention, a free water surface, a tank, a pipeline, and the like can be selected, and a denitrification by anaerobic microorganisms can be made by setting an lower layer of the area to an anoxic zone.
The dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, etc. of the target water may be detected by a densitometer and the numerical values may be automatically controlled, and further, feedforward control or the like may be performed based on the value of the biological oxygen demand at the time of inflow.
次に図４乃至図６について説明する。
すなわち図３は本発明の浄水処理装置のろ過運転時の概念図であったが、図４は本発明の浄水処理装置の洗浄運転時の概念図である。
すなわち生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池と物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの精密ろ過池のいずれも洗浄のために底部の弁が開けられて洗浄した水が下方に流れる様になっている。
図５は本発明の浄水処理装置の表面洗浄運転時の概念図であり、生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池と物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの精密ろ過池の両者に設けられた噴水ノズル（１２）から水が噴出し、その噴出水は縦型枠組構造体（３）と物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）の表面に向けられてそれらの表面を洗浄する。
図６は本発明の浄水処理装置の逆流洗浄運転時の概念図であり、生物ろ過処理工程Ｇのろ過池の縦型枠組構造体（３）と物理的精密ろ過処理工程Ｈの精密ろ過池の物理的精密ろ過装置（１０）の両者について、水が逆方向に流されて、それらが洗浄されるのである。
本発明の浄水処理装置に関連する発明、本発明とは独立した関連発明、をいくつか次に説明する。
まず第１の関連発明は『ＬＥＤ照明付き電解装置』という発明である。
この発明は微生物育成を促進するために、ＬＥＤ照明を電解装置に内蔵し太陽光が不足の場合に該ＬＥＤ光を点灯させるものである。
ここで電解装置が作動すれば必ず点灯する『ＬＥＤ照明』と、電解装置とは独立してＬＥＤ光を点灯させる『ＬＥＤ照明』という２種の方式がある。
従来浄水処理装置に使用する酸素生成機能を有する電解装置として『ＬＥＤ照明付き電解装置』なるものは全く存在しなかった。
次に第２の関連発明は過剰プランクトン、バクテリア残渣等は電解装置で酸素を発生させる等の運転時に例えば酸素が浮上する際に、過剰プランクトン、バクテリア残渣等が酸素と一緒に上昇する（傾向がある）ことになる。
従って電解装置の酸素発生等の運転により過剰プランクトン、バクテリア残渣等がろ過池の水面に集まることになる。
従って電解装置の酸素発生等の運転時には、ろ過池（精密ろ過池があればそれも）を常時オーバーフロー状態にすれば、過剰プランクトン、バクテリア残渣等が排出されて、それらによる「ろ過設備」のろ過抵抗の増加を防止しその洗浄周期を長くすることができる。
すなわち第２の関連発明は『電解装置の酸素発生等の運転時にろ過池を常時オーバーフロー状態にする』という発明である。
これによって過剰プランクトン、バクテリア残渣等による「ろ過設備」のろ過抵抗の増加を防止し、その洗浄周期を長くすることができる。
またオーバーフローさせる場合は、そのフロー水の９９．９％は原水に戻すためそのフロー水は調整槽に入れて、そこで過剰プランクトン、バクテリア残渣等を沈殿除去した後に、その上澄水を原水に戻せばよい。Next, FIGS. 4 to 6 will be described.
That is, FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of the water purification apparatus of the present invention at the time of the filtration operation, while FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the water purification apparatus of the present invention at the time of the cleaning operation.
That is, the bottom valve is opened for washing in both the filtration basin in the biological filtration step G and the microfiltration basin in the physical microfiltration step H, and the washed water flows downward.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual view of the water purification treatment apparatus of the present invention during the surface cleaning operation. The fountain nozzle (12) provided in both the filtration pond in the biological filtration treatment step G and the microfiltration pond in the physical microfiltration treatment step H is shown. ) Jets water, and the jet water is directed to and cleans the surfaces of the vertical framework structure (3) and the physical microfiltration device (10).
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the water purification treatment device of the present invention at the time of backwashing operation. The vertical framework structure (3) of the filtration pond in the biological filtration treatment process G and the microfiltration pond in the physical microfiltration treatment process H are shown. For both physical microfiltration devices (10), the water is flushed in the opposite direction and they are washed.
Several inventions related to the water purification apparatus of the present invention and related inventions independent of the present invention will be described below.
First, a first related invention is an invention called "electrolysis device with LED illumination".
According to the present invention, in order to promote the growth of microorganisms, an LED lighting is incorporated in an electrolysis apparatus, and the LED light is turned on when sunlight is insufficient.
Here, there are two types of methods, "LED lighting", which is always turned on when the electrolyzer operates, and "LED lighting", which turns on LED light independently of the electrolyzer.
Conventionally, there is no "electrolysis device with LED illumination" as an electrolysis device having an oxygen generating function used in a water purification treatment device.
Next, in a second related invention, excess plankton, bacterial residue and the like rise together with oxygen when the oxygen floats during operation such as generation of oxygen in an electrolyzer, etc. There is).
Accordingly, excess plankton, bacterial residue, and the like are collected on the water surface of the filtration pond by the operation such as oxygen generation of the electrolysis apparatus.
Therefore, during the operation of the electrolyzer, such as oxygen generation, if the filter (and if there is a microfilter) is always in an overflow state, excess plankton and bacterial residues will be discharged, and the filtration of the "filtration equipment" will be performed. An increase in resistance can be prevented and the cleaning cycle can be lengthened.
That is, the second related invention is an invention that "the filter pond is always in an overflow state during operation such as oxygen generation of the electrolysis apparatus".
This can prevent an increase in filtration resistance of the “filtration equipment” due to excess plankton, bacterial residue, and the like, and can lengthen the cleaning cycle.
In the case of overflow, 99.9% of the flow water is returned to the raw water, so the flow water is put into a regulating tank, where excess plankton, bacterial residues, etc. are removed by settling, and the supernatant water is returned to the raw water. Good.
本発明の浄水処理装置の効果を次に列挙する。
１．本発明の浄水処理装置は、容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様なろ材層の生物膜であるため、すなわち“縦型”であるため、省スペースが図れる。
例えば縦型枠組構造体は従来の同機能の設備と比較して１／３０程度のスペースにすることが可能であるから既設の沈殿池に設置可能である。
２．本発明の浄水処理装置は、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設けた場合には（請求項１乃至４の場合には）生物膜に十分な酸素を供給できるだけでなく、生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化も可能になった。
３．本発明の浄水処理装置は、生物膜のろ過工程の次に微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程を付加した場合には（請求項３乃至４の場合には）、生物膜のろ過工程でのブレイクスルーが生じた場合等の安全対策になる。
４．本発明の浄水処理装置は、生物膜のろ過工程の次の微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させる電解装置を設けた場合には（請求項４の場合には）、物理的精密ろ過のために設けられた微細孔の閉塞を防止し、ろ過継続時間を長くするだけでなく、該工程を経由した水に０．３ｍｇ／ｌ程度の残留塩素濃度（水道水として付与しなければならない）を与えることが可能になる。
前記０．３ｍｇ／ｌ程度の残留塩素濃度について付言すれば、給水栓水０．１ｍｇ／ｌにするには従来の急速ろ過法での塩素注入率のトータルが１０ｍｇ／ｌにもなる場合もあったのと比較して圧倒的に塩素注入量を低減することが可能になっている（特にアジア地域の浄水処理に適する）。The effects of the water purification apparatus of the present invention are listed below.
1. The water purification treatment device of the present invention is a biofilm of a container-shaped vertical framework structure and various filter medium layers such as sand stored in the structure (in the container because it is a container), that is, “ Since it is a "vertical type", space can be saved.
For example, the vertical frame structure can be installed in an existing sedimentation basin since it can be made about 1/30 of the space of conventional equipment having the same function.
2. The water purification treatment device of the present invention can not only supply sufficient oxygen to a biofilm when an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) is provided (in the case of claims 1 to 4) but also maintain and control the biofilm. Labor saving and efficiency have also become possible.
3. When a microporous physical microfiltration step is added after the biofilm filtration step (in the case of claims 3 and 4), the water purification apparatus of the present invention provides the biofilm filtration step. This is a safety measure when breakthrough occurs.
4. The water purification treatment device of the present invention is characterized in that an electrolytic device for generating chlorine for disinfection is provided at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration treatment process following the biofilm filtration process (case of claim 4). ), To prevent clogging of micropores provided for physical microfiltration, not only to increase the duration of filtration, but also to achieve a residual chlorine concentration of about 0.3 mg / l in water passing through the process ( Which must be provided as tap water).
In addition, regarding the residual chlorine concentration of about 0.3 mg / l, in order to make the tap water 0.1 mg / l, the total chlorine injection rate by the conventional rapid filtration method may be as high as 10 mg / l. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the amount of chlorine injection compared to that (especially suitable for water purification treatment in the Asian region).
１ 浄水工程
２ 浄水処理装置
３ 縦型枠組構造体
４ 容器状構造体
５ 担体
６ 電解装置
７ 接続路
８ 電解装置
１０ 物理的精密ろ過装置
１１ 孔
１２ 噴水ノズル
９０ 前段工程DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1
本発明の第１の目的は“Ｊシンプソンの緩速ろ過法”または“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”の原理を用いながらも省スペースにすることであり、本発明の第２の目的は生物膜の管理の省力化であり、本発明の第３の目的はろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程を付加し浄水処理の安全性を確実にさせる、以上の３つを目的とする。
以上の３つの目的について以下分説する：
本発明の第１の目的は、上記の従来の急速ろ過法の問題点を解決すべく、“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”の原理を用い、それを構造的に改良して“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”のさらなる実用化を図るものである。
すなわちその改良点とは、従来の“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”においては“ろ過水量”が水平な砂層の平面積（表面負荷率）を基準としているが、その砂層を水平でなく“縦配置”にすることにより省スペースにすることが可能になるのであるが、この“縦配置”は生物膜を構成する好気性微生物への酸素の供給という点から従来は困難とされていたのを、本発明は後述の［００１０］に記載の通り「酸素供給手段についてはポンプによる散水、水中キャビテーション、（空気の）マイクロバブリング」や電気分解装置（電解装置）を付加することにより解決したのである。
すなわち従来は大気と接する“ろ過池”の水面積から微生物に必要な酸素を大気中から取り込んでいるので、“縦配置”にすれば水面積が縮小され、当然のことながら酸素が不足になる。
その解決方法として本発明では、後述の［００１０］に記載の通り「酸素供給手段についてはポンプによる散水、水中キャビテーション、（空気の）マイクロバブリング」や電気分解装置（電解装置）を付加することにしたのである。
次に本発明の第２の目的は、“生物処理による浄化法（浄水処理法）”における重要な問題であった生物膜の維持管理を省力化及び効率化することにある。
この第２の目的達成のために、まず“生物膜”の構造乃至構成を改良した、その詳細は後述する。
次に省力化及び効率化のために、後述の［００１０］に記載の通り「酸素供給手段についてはポンプによる散水、水中キャビテーション、（空気の）マイクロバブリング」、また「洗浄手段については直接塩素注入してもよく、さらに塩素による消毒でなく縦型枠組構造体を超音波洗浄 で洗浄してもよい」、あるいは“電解装置”を設けて該“電解装置”により酸素供給だけでなく塩素供給も可能にし、そしてそれら選択切り替え可能にしてもよい。
さらに省力化及び効率化のために、具体的構成の詳細は後述するが、“生物膜”の構成（該“生物膜”を複数の構成とし、そのひとつ）として“流動する浮遊担体”なるものを用いて、それが流動することによる物理的作用を生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化に用いてもよい（［００１４］の「該構造体の外面の生物膜の表面を擦って削る」旨の記載参照）。A first object of the present invention is to save space while using the principle of "slow filtration method of J Simpson" or "purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)". The third object of the present invention is to add a microporous physical microfiltration treatment step as the next step of the filtration pond to ensure the safety of the water purification treatment. The three objectives.
These three objectives are discussed below:
A first object of the present invention is to use the principle of "purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)" in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional rapid filtration method, and to structurally improve it using the principle. Purification method by biological treatment (water purification method) ".
That is, the point of improvement is that in the conventional "purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)", the "filtration amount" is based on the flat area (surface load factor) of the horizontal sand layer. Instead, it is possible to save space by using a "vertical arrangement". However, this "vertical arrangement" has conventionally been difficult in terms of supplying oxygen to aerobic microorganisms constituting a biofilm. However, as described in [0010] , the present invention solves the problem by adding "water supply by pump, underwater cavitation, micro bubbling (of air) for oxygen supply means" and adding an electrolysis device (electrolysis device). It was done.
That is, conventionally, oxygen required for microorganisms is taken in from the air from the water area of the "filter pond" that is in contact with the atmosphere, so if the "vertical arrangement" is used, the water area is reduced, and naturally the oxygen becomes insufficient. .
As a solution to this problem, in the present invention, as described in [0010] described below, “watering by pump, underwater cavitation, micro bubbling (of air) for oxygen supply means” and addition of an electrolysis device (electrolysis device). It was done.
Next, a second object of the present invention is to save labor and improve the efficiency of maintenance and management of a biofilm, which has been an important problem in the “purification method by biological treatment (water purification method)”.
To achieve the second object, the structure or configuration of the "biofilm" is first improved, and details thereof will be described later.
Next, for labor saving and efficiency improvement, as described in [0010] described below, "water supply by pump, underwater cavitation, micro bubbling (of air) for oxygen supply means", and "direct chlorine injection for cleaning means" The vertical frame structure may be cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning instead of disinfecting with chlorine. "Alternatively, an" electrolytic device "may be provided to supply not only oxygen but also chlorine by using the" electrolytic device ". It may be possible to enable and switch between them .
In order to further save labor and improve efficiency, the details of the specific structure will be described later, but the structure of the "biofilm" (the "biofilm" has a plurality of structures, one of which is a "flowable floating carrier") May be used to reduce the labor and efficiency of the maintenance of the biofilm by using the physical action caused by its flow. ([0014] "Scratch and scrape the surface of the biofilm on the outer surface of the structure."") . )
本発明は以上の目的達成のために請求項１として、
濁度を低くする処理をされた処理水または濁度の低い原水について、ろ過池に設けられた生物膜、該生物膜の生物居所は、縦型枠組構造体外面と該構造体に収容された多様なろ材層であり、以上の生物居所に生息する前記生物膜に前記処理水または濁度の低い原水を接触させる浄水処理装置、
以上の浄水処理装置を提案するものである。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
For treated water or raw water with low turbidity that has been treated to reduce turbidity, the biofilm provided in the filtration pond, and the biological residence of the biofilm were accommodated in the outer surface of the vertical framework structure and the structure. A water purification treatment device that is a variety of filter media layers and contacts the treated water or raw water having a low turbidity to the biofilm that inhabits the living place of the above.
The present invention proposes the above water purification apparatus.
本発明の浄水処理装置の効果を次に列挙する。
１．本発明の浄水処理装置は、縦型枠組構造体なので、すなわち“縦型”なので、省スペースが図れる。
なお枠組構造体に関して“容器状”との表現があるが、［００１３］の記載からも明らかな通り“枠”自体が網目、細かい孔等を有する構造板で“容器状”に作られているということであり、何故なら図３を参照すれば縦型枠組構造体（３）と図示されたものは“枠”と“内部エリア”が示され、該“内部エリア”は空であり水流が図示されていることから、“内部エリア”が収納機能を有することはあり得ない（現に何も収納していない）のであり“容器”ではない、従って“枠”の断面は図示されていないものの“枠”自体が“容器状”ということであり、そこに“ろ材が収容される”ということである。
例えば縦型枠組構造体は従来の同機能の設備と比較して省スペースにすることが可能であるから既設の沈殿池に設置可能である。
２．本発明の浄水処理装置は、特許請求の範囲にはないが電気分解装置（電解装置）を設けた場合には生物膜に十分な酸素を供給できるだけでなく、塩素発生モードに切り換え可能なので生物膜の維持管理の省力化及び効率化も可能になった。
３．本発明の浄水処理装置は、生物膜のろ過工程の次に微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程を付加した場合には（請求項２乃至５の場合には）、生物膜のろ過工程でのブレイクスルーが生じた場合等の安全対策になる。
４．本発明の浄水処理装置は、生物膜のろ過工程の次の微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過処理工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させる電解装置を設けた場合には（請求項３の場合には）、物理的精密ろ過のために設けられた微細孔の閉塞を防止し、ろ過継続時間を長くするだけでなく、該工程を経由した水に０．３ｍｇ／ｌ程度の残留塩素濃度（水道水として付与しなければならない）を与えることが可能になる。
前記０．３ｍｇ／ｌ程度の残留塩素濃度について付言すれば、給水栓水０．１ｍｇ／ｌにするには従来の急速ろ過法での塩素注入率のトータルが１０ｍｇ／ｌにもなる場合もあったのと比較して圧倒的に塩素注入量を低減することが可能になっている（特にアジア地域の浄水処理に適する）。The effects of the water purification apparatus of the present invention are listed below.
1. Since the water purification treatment device of the present invention is a vertical frame structure, that is, "vertical", space can be saved.
There is an expression “frame-like” with respect to the frame structure, but as is apparent from the description of [0013], the “frame” itself is made of a structural plate having meshes, fine holes, etc., and is formed in “vessel-like”. That is to say, referring to FIG. 3, the vertical frame structure (3) is shown as "frame" and "internal area", and the "internal area" is empty and the water flow is low. As shown, the "internal area" cannot have a storage function (it does not actually store anything) and is not a "container". Therefore, although the cross section of the "frame" is not shown, The "frame" itself is "container-like", which means "the filter medium is stored".
For example, a vertical framework structure can be installed in an existing sedimentation basin because it can save space compared to conventional equipment of the same function.
2. Although the water purification treatment device of the present invention is not claimed, in the case where an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) is provided, not only can sufficient oxygen be supplied to the biofilm, but also the biofilm can be switched to the chlorine generation mode. Labor-saving and efficient maintenance of the facilities became possible.
3. When a microporous physical microfiltration step is added after the biofilm filtration step (
4. The water purification treatment apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that an electrolytic device for generating chlorine for disinfection purposes is provided at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration treatment step following the biofilm filtration step (case of claim 3). ), To prevent clogging of micropores provided for physical microfiltration, not only to increase the duration of filtration, but also to achieve a residual chlorine concentration of about 0.3 mg / l in water passing through the process ( Which must be provided as tap water).
In addition, regarding the residual chlorine concentration of about 0.3 mg / l, in order to make the tap water 0.1 mg / l, the total chlorine injection rate by the conventional rapid filtration method may be as high as 10 mg / l. This makes it possible to significantly reduce the amount of chlorine injection compared to that (especially suitable for water purification treatment in the Asian region).
Claims (15)
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２の生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設けた、以上の浄水処理装置Regarding the sedimentation treatment water in which flocs or the like have been sedimented or the raw water having low turbidity, for the purification of raw water that does not require sedimentation treatment, the biofilm provided in the filtration pond,
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. The above water purification treatment apparatus, wherein an electrolysis apparatus (electrolysis apparatus) is provided so that water is brought into contact with the biofilm and then the water in the filtration pond is freely selectable in the vertical direction in the water.
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２のいずれか一方のみの生物膜とし、該生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設けた、以上の浄水処理装置Regarding the sedimentation treatment water in which flocs or the like have been sedimented or the raw water having low turbidity, for the purification of raw water that does not require sedimentation treatment, the biofilm provided in the filtration pond,
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. An electrolysis device (electrolysis device) was provided, wherein only one of the biofilms was brought into contact with water, and then the water was brought into contact with the biofilm, and the vertical direction of the water was arbitrarily selectable. The above water purification equipment
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２の生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設け、前記ろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程を付加した、以上の浄水処理装置Regarding the sedimentation treatment water in which flocs or the like have been sedimented or the raw water having low turbidity, for the purification of raw water that does not require sedimentation treatment, the biofilm provided in the filtration pond,
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. The biofilm is brought into contact with water, and then an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) is provided in the water of the filtration pond so that the vertical direction in the water can be arbitrarily selected. The above water purification equipment with a physical microfiltration process
第１は容器状の縦型枠組構造体と該構造体内（容器になっているから容器内）に収納された砂等の多様な単層または複層設けられたろ材層
第２は水と同程度の比重の多孔質体等の生物居所となる担体であり、ろ過池の水中に多数流動状態で複数の前記縦型枠組構造体の相互の間に存在させるもの
以上の第１と第２の生物膜に水を接触させ、次に前記ろ過池の水中に、該水中の上下方向は任意に選択可能に、電気分解装置（電解装置）を設け、前記ろ過池の次の工程として微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程を付加し、次に前記生物膜によるろ過工程の後であり、かつ前記微細多孔の物理的精密ろ過工程の入り口において、消毒目的の塩素を発生させる電解装置を設けた、以上の浄水処理装置Regarding the sedimentation treatment water in which flocs or the like have been sedimented or the raw water having low turbidity, for the purification of raw water that does not require sedimentation treatment, the biofilm provided in the filtration pond,
The first is a container-shaped vertical framework structure, and various single-layer or multiple-layer filter media layers such as sand contained in the structure (because it is a container, the inside of the container). A first and second carrier, which is a carrier to be a living place such as a porous body having a specific gravity of a certain degree, which is present between a plurality of the vertical framework structures in a large number of flowing states in the water of a filtration pond. The biofilm is brought into contact with water, and then an electrolysis device (electrolysis device) is provided in the water of the filtration pond so that the vertical direction in the water can be arbitrarily selected. Physical microfiltration step added, then after the biofilm filtration step, and at the entrance of the microporous physical microfiltration step, provided with an electrolysis device to generate chlorine for the purpose of disinfection, Water purification equipment
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| JP7422304B1 (en) | 2022-10-14 | 2024-01-26 | 好包 生武 | Three-dimensional slow filtration |
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