JP2020005527A - Year round culture system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a year round culture system capable of efficiently producing vegetable having consistent quality over whole year regardless of a season, even in a plant factory which employs soil culture method.SOLUTION: There is provided the year round culture system comprising: a temperature control bed for performing temperature control by circulating a solvent; solvent circulation means for circulating the solvent to the temperature control bed; a buffer material which is mounted on a solvent surface of the temperature control bed; a soil culture container which is mounted on the buffer material; and an engagement part for fixing the soil culture container. The solvent circulation means adjusts a flow rate of the solvent in the temperature control bed, for forming a space between a bottom face of the soil culture container and the buffer material, in the year round culture system.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a year-round cultivation system for efficiently producing vegetables of constant quality over an anniversary regardless of the season in a cultivation system using a container for soil cultivation.

  Conventional hydroponic systems are cultivated mainly on leafy vegetables such as lettuce that can be harvested in a relatively short period of time from sowing to harvesting in order to recover capital investment, and various systems for that have been proposed. I have.

  However, leafy vegetables have a low unit price, and even if they are functionalized vegetables such as low potassium lettuce, vegetable factories cannot recover the capital investment cost because they cannot wipe out the overpriced feeling compared to the price of general leafy vegetables. There are many situations.

  Therefore, there has been a demand for conversion to a plant factory based on soil cultivation, which can grow high value-added vegetables in place of leafy vegetables.

  As the soil cultivation system, for example, in Japanese Patent No. 6314347, the ridges of a plurality of frame portions supporting the solar panels are connected by a roof member, and the outer peripheral surface thereof is integrally surrounded by a cover portion 24. BACKGROUND ART A soil cultivation system with a solar panel for performing soil cultivation of a crop in a cultivation house is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

  Japanese Patent No. 5873950 includes a soil cultivation unit, a control unit 70 having a tank for storing water or a culture solution, and controlling light irradiation and water supply in the soil cultivation unit. Disclosed is a plant cultivation apparatus in which a unit includes at least one of a root vegetable growth unit that controls a growth rate and a harvest time of a root vegetable, a growth bed unit that controls a growth rate of a plant, and a nursery bed unit that controls a germination rate of a plant. (Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 6314347 Japanese Patent No. 5873950

  However, the conventional soil cultivation system has a problem that the temperature control is more difficult than the nutrient solution in the hydroponic cultivation system, and the cost is high. In particular, when the temperature is out of the range of the optimum temperature of the soil microorganism, the activity of the soil microorganism is weakened or stopped, so that the merit of the soil cultivation cannot be enjoyed. Also, under extremely low temperature conditions, the soil may freeze, and under extremely high temperature conditions, the crop may cause high temperature damage or disease. Even if the temperature inside the facility is adjusted by a heat pump or the like to perform soil cultivation, the growth of the crop is poor, or it is difficult to maintain quality throughout the year. For this reason, it has been practically difficult or impossible to establish year-round cultivation for a plant factory that performs soil cultivation.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an anniversary cultivation system for efficiently producing vegetables of constant quality over an anniversary, regardless of the season, even in a plant factory employing soil cultivation.

  As a result of various studies conducted by the present inventor to achieve the above object, if the soil temperature can be controlled instead of controlling the air temperature (air temperature), crops such as vegetables and flowers can be produced even if there is some temperature fluctuation. Grew and gained the knowledge that vegetables and flowers with a certain quality can be produced efficiently.

  The present invention has been made based on such findings, and has a temperature control bed for performing temperature control by circulating a solvent, a solvent circulating means for circulating the solvent to the temperature control bed, and a solvent circulating means mounted on the solvent surface of the temperature control bed. A year-round cultivation system comprising: a cushioning material, a soil cultivation container placed above the cushioning material, and a locking portion for fixing the soil cultivation container. Means is to provide a year-round cultivation system in which a means can form a space between the bottom surface of the soil cultivation container and the cushioning material by adjusting the flow rate of the solvent in the temperature control bed.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, by controlling the temperature in the soil of a container from the bottom surface of the container for soil cultivation, it becomes possible to produce vegetables of constant quality efficiently over the anniversary regardless of the season. In addition, since the temperature of the solvent is slowly transmitted to the soil of the container via the cushioning material, the root of the crop is not hurt. By forming the space, heat can be quickly radiated, so that appropriate temperature management of the crop can be quickly performed.

It is the schematic of the year-round cultivation system 1 which concerns on this embodiment. It is the schematic of the year-round cultivation system 1 which concerns on this embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a state in which a partition plate 11 for changing a flow path of a solvent S is formed inside a temperature control bed 10. It is a figure showing container 16 for soil cultivation used for this embodiment. It is a figure for explaining the example which forms a space between the bottom of container 16 for soil cultivation, and cushioning material 14.

  An embodiment according to the present invention will be described. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of an anniversary cultivation system 1 according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the year-round cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment includes a temperature control bed 10, a solvent circulation unit 12, a buffer 14, a soil cultivation container 16, a locking unit 18, , Is provided.

  The temperature control bed 10 controls temperature by circulating the solvent S. At both ends of the temperature control bed 10 or at an arbitrary place, an inlet 10a through which the solvent S flows in and an outlet 10b through which the solvent S is discharged are provided. After flowing in the bathtub 10, the solvent S is discharged from the discharge port 10 b. Although not essential, a support leg 10c for facilitating the work may be provided.

  The inflow / outflow of the solvent S to / from the temperature control bed 10 is performed by the solvent circulation means 12. The solvent circulation means 12 adjusts the temperature of the solvent S discharged from the outlet 10b by the heating means 12a and the like, and then transfers the solvent S to the inlet 10a by the pump P and the like. The flow rate of the solvent S can be controlled by the pump P and the valve 12c. There are no particular restrictions on the location and number of the pumps P and the valves 12c, and they can be installed at any locations. The solvent circulation means 12 has a waste liquid port 12d, and is used for replacing the solvent S and adjusting the amount of the solvent S.

  With conventional heating of a cultivation bed with a heating pipe, the temperature near the heating pipe becomes higher than at other locations, and as a result the crop grows faster only at that location, making it difficult to grow the crop uniformly. there were. On the other hand, the solvent circulating means 12 circulates the solvent S through the temperature control bed 10, whereby the temperature of the temperature control bed 10 is kept uniform, and the problem that the growth of the crop is partially accelerated can be prevented. .

  In the present embodiment, the solvent S is preferably water or oil. Water and oil are easy to control temperature and inexpensive. In particular, by using the groundwater as the solvent S, the characteristics of warm groundwater that is warm when the temperature in winter is low and that is cool when hot in summer can be maximized. When the solvent S is groundwater, the groundwater may be pumped up by the pump P, the groundwater may be introduced into the flow path of the solvent circulating means 12 from the intake port 12e, and then discharged from the waste liquid port 12d to the outside of the flow path. . Further, by burying the transfer pipe 12b of the solvent circulation means 12 in the ground, the heat dissipation of the solvent S can be suppressed in winter and the heat dissipation of the solvent S can be promoted in summer.

  In the present embodiment, it is preferable that a partition plate 11 for changing the flow path of the solvent S is further formed inside the bathtub of the temperature control bed 10. FIG. 3 shows an example in which such a partition plate 11 is formed. The installation example of the partition plate 11 is not limited to this, but by providing the partition plate 11 so that the solvent S circulates evenly in the bath of the temperature control bed 10, the soil temperature of the container 16 can be more reliably made uniform. can do.

  In the present embodiment, it is preferable to further form a heat insulating layer (not shown) inside the temperature control bed 10. By forming the heat insulating layer, heat dissipation from the temperature control bed 10 can be suppressed. The type of the heat insulating layer is not particularly limited and may be any means capable of suppressing heat dissipation. For example, a method of coating a heat insulating material on the inside of the temperature control bed 10 or a method of coating the heat insulating material on the temperature control bed 10 It may be a method of laying inside.

  In the present embodiment, the buffer material 14 is placed on the surface of the solvent of the temperature control bed 10 without being fixed. By installing the buffer material 14 on the surface of the solvent without fixing, the heat of the solvent S is gently transmitted from the bottom surface of the soil cultivation container 16 to the soil, and the soil temperature is maintained at an appropriate temperature.

  In the present embodiment, the cushioning material 14 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of extruded polystyrene (EPS) foam, expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam, and urethane foam. Generally, these cushioning materials are often used as heat insulating materials. However, in this embodiment, if the heat of the solvent S is rapidly transferred to the container, soil microorganisms may be damaged and roots may be damaged. Since there is a risk of damaging the heat, the heat of the solvent S is gently transmitted to the soil cultivation container 16 so as to minimize rapid changes in the soil environment. Further, since the buffer material 14 is directly installed on the surface of the solvent S without being fixed, it is necessary to have a certain buoyancy. Also in that respect, extruded polystyrene (EPS) foam, expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam, and urethane foam are suitable as the cushioning material in the present embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the soil cultivation container 16 is placed above the cushioning material 14. The size and shape of the soil cultivation container 16 are not particularly limited. However, the container 16 is durable enough to allow the crop 20 to be cultivated for a certain period of time by charging the soil, and has an extra water flow after irrigation. In addition, it is preferable that a hole (water drainage hole) of an appropriate size is formed in the bottom.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of a soil cultivation container 16 that can be used in the present embodiment. (A) is a front surface of the soil cultivation container 16, and (b) is a back surface (bottom surface) of the soil cultivation container 16. The soil cultivation container 16 shown in FIG. 4 has an outer size of 573 × 389 × 105 mm and an inner size of 536 × 349 × 92 mm, and is suitable for growing crops having relatively short roots, such as radish and mini carrot. . By using the soil cultivation container 16 having a large depth, it is possible to cultivate a crop having relatively deep roots, such as carrot, radish, and burdock. The soil cultivation container 16 shown in FIG. 4 has a relatively low supporting leg formed at the bottom. However, a container having no supporting leg and a flat bottom surface may be used. If a container having a flat bottom is used, heat from the cushioning material 14 can be more efficiently transmitted to the soil of the container 16.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an example in which a space is formed between the bottom surface of the soil cultivation container 16 and the cushioning material 14.

  The soil cultivation container 16 is positioned above the cushioning material 14 by the locking portion 18, but in the state shown in FIG. 5A, the amount of the solvent S is large, and the depth is sufficient (d1). Therefore, the space (h1) is hardly formed between the bottom surface of the soil cultivation container 16 and the cushioning material 14. Therefore, the heat of the solvent S is easily transmitted to the soil cultivation container 16 via the buffer material 14.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the solvent circulating means 12 adjusts the amount of the solvent S and the amount of the solvent S is larger than the amount of the solvent S discharged, the solvent S becomes shallower (d2), A lot of space with the positioned soil cultivation container 16 is formed (h2).

  There, a blower fan 22 for blowing air toward the space formed between the cushioning material 14 and the soil cultivation container 16 is installed, and if the air is blown toward the formed space, it will be in the space. The trapped heat is released, and the soil temperature can be quickly lowered. This is particularly effective as a measure to cope with a case where the soil temperature becomes higher than an appropriate temperature due to a sudden rise in the temperature.

  Although not shown, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to further include light irradiation means for supplying light to the soil cultivation container.

1 ... anniversary cultivation system 10 ... temperature control bed 10a ... inlet 10b ... outlet 10c ... support leg 11 ... partition plate 12 ... solvent circulation means 12a ... heating means 12b ... transfer pipe 12c ... valve 12d ... waste liquid outlet 12e ... water intake 14 ... cushioning material 16 ... soil cultivation container 20 ... crop 22 ... blower fan

Claims (8)

A temperature control bed for controlling the temperature by circulating the solvent,
Solvent circulation means for circulating the solvent through the temperature control bed,
Buffer material placed on the solvent surface of the temperature control bed,
A soil cultivation container placed above the cushioning material,
A locking part for fixing the container for soil culture,
An anniversary cultivation system with
An anniversary cultivation system in which a solvent circulation means adjusts a flow rate of a solvent in a temperature control bed to form a space between a bottom surface of a soil cultivation container and a cushioning material.   The year-round cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is water or oil.   The anniversary cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a blower fan for blowing air toward a space formed between the cushioning material and the soil cultivation container.   The anniversary cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the buffer material is at least one selected from the group consisting of extruded polystyrene (EPS) foam, expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam, and urethane foam. .   The year-round cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solvent is groundwater.   The year-round cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a partition plate for changing a flow path of the solvent is formed inside the temperature control bed.   The anniversary cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a heat insulating layer formed inside the temperature control bed.   The year-round cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising light irradiation means for supplying light to the soil cultivation container.