JP2020080799A - Year-round culture system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide year-round culture systems for efficiently producing vegetables with a constant quality, regardless of the season, over the year even in plant factories that employ soil cultivation.SOLUTION: Provided is a year-round culture system comprising: a temperature control bed 10 for controlling the temperature by circulating a solvent S; a solvent circulation means 12 for circulating the solvent S to the temperature control bed 10; a soil cultivation container 16 for cultivating a crop 20; and a fixing container 14 for transmitting the heat of the temperature control bed 10 to the soil cultivation container 16 while fixing the soil cultivation container 16 by fitting to the soil cultivation container 16.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a year-round cultivation system for efficiently producing vegetables of constant quality throughout the year, regardless of the season, in a cultivation system using a container for soil cultivation.

Conventional hydroponic cultivation systems are cultivated mainly from leafy vegetables such as lettuce that can be harvested in a relatively short period from sowing to harvesting in order to recover capital investment, and various systems for that have been proposed. There is.

However, leaf vegetables are low in unit price, and even if vegetables with functionality such as low-potassium lettuce are compared with the price of ordinary leaf vegetables, the vegetable factory cannot recover the expensive feeling and cannot recover the capital investment cost. The reality is that there are many.

Therefore, there has been a demand for conversion to a plant factory based on soil cultivation, which can grow vegetables with high added value in place of leaf vegetables.

As the soil culture system, for example, in Japanese Patent No. 6314347, a plurality of frame parts supporting the solar panels are connected between the buildings by a roof member, and the outer peripheral surface is integrally surrounded by a cover part 24. A soil cultivation system with a solar panel for performing soil cultivation of agricultural crops in a cultivation house is disclosed (Patent Document 1).

Further, Japanese Patent No. 5873950 includes a soil cultivation unit and a control unit 70 that has a tank for storing water or a culture solution and controls light irradiation and water supply in the soil cultivation unit. Disclosed is a plant cultivating apparatus, which includes at least one of a root vegetable growing unit that controls the growth rate and harvest time of root vegetables, a growth bed unit that controls the growth rate of plants, and a nursery bed unit that controls the germination speed of plants. (Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent No. 6314347 Japanese Patent No. 5873950

However, the conventional soil cultivation system has a problem that temperature control is difficult and costly compared with the nutrient solution in the hydroponic cultivation system. In particular, since the activity of the soil microorganisms is weakened or stopped outside the optimum temperature range of the soil microorganisms, the merit of soil cultivation cannot be enjoyed. Further, in extremely low temperature conditions, the soil may freeze, and in extremely high temperature conditions, the crops may induce high temperature damage and diseases. Even if soil culture was carried out by adjusting the temperature inside the facility with a heat pump, etc., the growth of the crops was poor and it was difficult to maintain quality throughout the year. Therefore, it has been substantially difficult or impossible for plant factories that perform soil cultivation to establish year-round cultivation.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a year-round cultivation system for efficiently producing vegetables of constant quality throughout the year, regardless of the season, even in a plant factory that employs soil cultivation.

As a result of various studies conducted by the present inventor to achieve the above object, as long as the ground temperature can be controlled instead of controlling the air temperature (air temperature), crops such as vegetables and flowers can be produced even if there is a slight temperature change. It has been found that can grow efficiently and can produce vegetables and flowers of constant quality efficiently.

The present invention has been made based on such findings, a temperature control bed for performing temperature control by circulating a solvent, a solvent circulation means for circulating the solvent to the temperature control bed, and soil cultivation for cultivating a crop. Year-round cultivation, which includes a growing container and a fixing container for fitting the soil cultivation container to fix the soil cultivation container and transferring the heat of the temperature control bed to the soil cultivation container. It provides the system.

According to the present invention, by controlling the temperature in the soil of the container for soil cultivation from the bottom surface, it is possible to efficiently produce vegetables of constant quality throughout the year regardless of the season. Moreover, since the temperature of the solvent is gently transmitted to the soil of the container through the fixing container, the root of the crop is not damaged.

It is the schematic of the year-round cultivation system 1 which concerns on this embodiment. It is a figure for explaining an example of arrangement of a fixed container. It is a figure for demonstrating the correspondence relation system of the container for soil cultivation and the container for fixation. It is a figure for demonstrating the bottom face of a container for fixation. It is an A-A' sectional view of a container for fixation.

An embodiment according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an annual cultivation system 1 according to this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1, the year-round cultivation system 1 of the present embodiment includes a temperature control bed 10, a solvent circulation unit 12, a fixing container 14, and a soil cultivation container 16.

The temperature control bed 10 controls the temperature by circulating the solvent S. An inlet 10a into which the solvent S flows and an outlet 10b from which the solvent S is discharged are provided at both ends of the temperature control bed 10 or at arbitrary places. The solvent S flows in from the inlet 10a, and the temperature control bed After flowing in the bath tub 10, the solvent S is discharged from the discharge port 10b. Although not essential, the supporting leg 10c may be provided to facilitate the work.

The solvent circulation means 12 allows the solvent S to flow into and out of the temperature control bed 10. The solvent circulating unit 12 adjusts the temperature of the solvent S discharged from the discharge port 10b by the heating unit 12a or the like, and then transfers the solvent S to the inflow port 10a by the pump P or the like. The flow rate of the solvent S can be controlled by the pump P and the valve 12c. There are no particular restrictions on the installation location or number of the pumps P and the valves 12c, and they can be installed at any location. Further, the solvent circulation means 12 is provided with a waste liquid outlet 12d and is used for replacing the solvent S and adjusting the amount of the solvent S.

In the conventional heating of the cultivation bed with the heating pipe, the temperature near the heating pipe becomes higher than other places, and the growth of the crop is accelerated only at that place, so that it is difficult to cultivate the crop uniformly. there were. On the other hand, by circulating the solvent S through the temperature control bed 10 by the solvent circulation means 12, it is possible to prevent the problem that the temperature of the temperature control bed 10 is kept uniform and the growth of the crop is partially accelerated. ..

In the present embodiment, the solvent S is preferably water or oil. The temperature of water and oil is easy to control and the cost is low. In particular, by using the solvent S as groundwater, it is possible to maximize the characteristics of groundwater that is warm when the temperature is low in winter and cold when it is hot in summer. When the solvent S is groundwater, the groundwater may be pumped up by the pump P, introduced into the flow path of the solvent circulation means 12 from the water intake 12e, and then discharged from the waste liquid outlet 12d to the outside of the flow path. .. Further, by burying the transfer pipe 12b of the solvent circulation means 12 in the ground, the heat dissipation of the solvent S can be suppressed in the winter and the heat dissipation of the solvent S can be promoted in the summer.

In this embodiment, it is preferable to further form a heat insulating layer (not shown) inside the temperature control bed 10. By forming the heat insulating layer, heat dissipation from the temperature control bed 10 can be suppressed. The type of the heat insulating layer is not particularly limited and may be any means capable of suppressing heat dissipation. For example, a method of coating the heat insulating material on the inner side of the temperature control bed 10 or a heat insulating material of the temperature control bed 10 may be used. The method of laying inside may be used.

2 to 5 are views for explaining the fixing container 14. That is, FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement example of the fixing container 14, FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a correspondence relationship between the soil cultivation container 16 and the fixing container 14, and FIG. Is a view for explaining the bottom surface of the fixing container 14, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the fixing container 14 taken along the line AA′.

The year-round cultivation system 1 according to the present embodiment is for fitting the soil cultivation container 16 to fix the soil cultivation container 16 and transferring the heat of the temperature control bed 10 to the soil cultivation container 16. A fixing container 14 is provided.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing containers 14 are arranged side by side in the temperature control bed 10 so that the flow path of the solvent S is secured in the direction of the arrow in the drawing. Although FIG. 2 shows an example in which the fixing containers 14 are arranged in two rows in the horizontal direction, the present invention is not limited to this and may be one row or three or more rows. Moreover, the number of vertically arranging the fixing containers 14 is not particularly limited.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the fixing container 14 transfers the heat of the solvent S of the temperature control bed 10 to the fixing portion 14 a for fixing the soil cultivation container 16 to the soil cultivation container 16. Cushioning material 14b for

As shown in FIG. 3, the fixing container 14 is formed with a stopper 14c for fitting into the soil cultivation container 16, and if the soil cultivation container 16 is placed on the fixing container 14, the stopper 14c is located at that position. It can be fixed.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the cushioning material 14b of the fixing container 14 is preferably formed in a convex shape. By forming in this way, as shown in FIG. 2, the flow of the solvent S can be secured and the heat of the solvent S can be transferred to the cultivation container 16. The width and length of the cushioning material 14b are not particularly limited as long as the flow of the solvent S is not stopped and heat can be transferred to the soil cultivation container 16.

Further, it is preferable that a plurality of convex portions of the cushioning material 14b be formed. The number of the convex portions is not particularly limited, but in order to stably fix the soil-cultivating container 16 fitted into the fixing container 14, the convex portions may be formed at least at both ends of the fixing container 14. It is preferable to provide at least one convex portion in the central portion in order to eliminate temperature unevenness of the soil cultivation container 16 as much as possible.

Further, the buffer material 14b shown in FIG. 4 has the convex portions arranged in a river shape, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a T-shaped, L-shaped, N-shaped, mosaic, etc. solvent Any arrangement is possible as long as the flow of S is not stopped and heat can be transferred to the soil cultivation container 16.

The material of the cushioning material 14b is preferably, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of extruded polystyrene (EPS) foam, expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam, and urethane foam. Generally, these materials are often used as a heat insulating material, but in the present embodiment, when the heat of the solvent S is rapidly transferred to the soil cultivation container 16, the soil microorganisms are damaged. Since there is a fear of damaging the roots, the heat of the solvent S is gently transferred to the soil cultivation container 16 so as to eliminate a sudden change in the soil environment as much as possible.

The size and shape of the soil culture container 16 are not particularly limited, but the durability is such that soil 20 can be put in and the crop 20 can be cultivated for a certain period of time, and excess water after irrigation flows out. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, it is preferable that a hole (drainage hole) having an appropriate size is formed in the bottom portion.

The soil cultivation container 16 has an outer size of 573×389×105 mm and an inner size of 536×349×92 mm, for example, and is suitable for cultivating a crop having a relatively short root, such as a radish or a mini carrot. By using a deep soil cultivation container, it is possible to grow a carrot, a Japanese radish, a burdock, and the like, which have relatively deep roots.

Although not shown, in the present embodiment, it is preferable to further include a light irradiation unit that supplies light to the soil cultivation container.

1... Anniversary cultivation system 10... Temperature control bed 10a... Inflow port 10b... Discharge port 10c... Support 12... Solvent circulation means 12a... Heating means 12b... Transfer pipe 12c... Valve 12d... Waste liquid outlet 12e... Intake port 14... Fixing container 14a...Fixing part 14b...Cushioning material 14c...Stopper 16...Container 20 for soil cultivation...Crop

Claims (9)

A temperature control bed for controlling the temperature by circulating a solvent,
A solvent circulation means for circulating the solvent through the temperature-controlled bed,
A soil cultivation container for growing crops,
A fixing container for fitting the soil cultivation container and fixing the soil cultivation container, and for transferring the heat of the temperature control bed to the soil cultivation container,
An annual cultivation system equipped with. The said fixing container is provided with the fixing part for fixing the said container for soil cultivation, and the buffer material for transmitting the heat of the said temperature control bed to the container for soil cultivation. Year-round cultivation system. The year-round cultivation system according to claim 2, wherein the cushioning material is at least one selected from the group consisting of extruded polystyrene (EPS) foam, expanded polystyrene (XPS) foam, and urethane foam. The year-round cultivation system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cushioning material is formed in a convex shape. The year-round cultivation system according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of the convex portions are formed. The year-round cultivation system according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is water or oil. The year-round cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the solvent is groundwater. Furthermore, the year-round cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a heat insulating layer is formed inside the temperature control bed. Furthermore, the year-round cultivation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a light irradiation unit that supplies light to the soil culture container.