JP2019533758A - 高いスウェル比および衝撃抵抗を有するブロー成形用ポリエチレン組成物 - Google Patents
高いスウェル比および衝撃抵抗を有するブロー成形用ポリエチレン組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019533758A JP2019533758A JP2019526495A JP2019526495A JP2019533758A JP 2019533758 A JP2019533758 A JP 2019533758A JP 2019526495 A JP2019526495 A JP 2019526495A JP 2019526495 A JP2019526495 A JP 2019526495A JP 2019533758 A JP2019533758 A JP 2019533758A
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Abstract
Description
1) 23℃でISO 1183−1にしたがって測定した、0.957超過〜0.965g/cm3、好ましくは0.9575超過〜0.965g/cm3、より好ましくは0.958〜0.965g/cm3の密度;
2) 12〜25、特に15〜22のMIF/MIP比、ここでMIFは21.60kgの荷重下の190℃での溶融流れ指数であり、MIPは5kgの荷重下の190℃での溶融流れ指数であり、両方ともISO 1133にしたがって測定する;
3) 18〜40g/10分、好ましくは20〜40g/10分のMIF;
4) 230,000g/mol以上、特に230,000〜350,000g/molのMw、ここでMwはGPCで測定した重量−平均分子量である;
5) 35,000〜55,000Pa.s、好ましくは38,000〜55,000Pa.s、より好ましくは40,000〜50,000Pa.sのη0.02;ここでη0.02は190℃の温度でプレート−プレート回転型レオメータでの動的振動剪断(dynamic oscillatory shear)によって測定される、0.02rad/sの角振動数における複合剪断粘度である;
6) 長鎖分岐指数(LCBI)は0.55以上、好ましくは0.60以上であり、ここでLCBIはGPC−MALLSで測定した測定平均二乗回転半径Rg対、同一の分子量を有する線形PEに対する平均二乗回転半径の比である;
7) 比(η0.02/1000)/LCBIは1000とLCBIで割ったη0.02であり、55〜75、好ましくは55〜70である。
−0.55〜0.85;または
−0.60〜0.85;または
−0.55〜0.80;または
−0.60〜0.80。
−組成物の総重量を基準にして0.3重量%以下、特に0.05〜0.3重量%の共単量体含量;
−0.1〜3、特に0.1〜2のHMWcopo指数。
HMWcopo=(η0.02×tmaxDSC)/(10^5)
前記式において、η0.02は、0.02rad/sの角振動数印加による動的振動剪断モード(dynamic oscillatory shear mode)で平行板(またはいわゆるプレート−プレート)レオメータで190℃の温度で測定された溶融物の複素粘度(Pa.s)であり;tmaxDSCは示差走査熱量計(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)装置において等温モードで測定した静止状態下で124℃の温度で結晶化の熱流の最大値(mW)に達するのに必要な時間(分)(結晶化のハーフタイム(t1/2)に該当する最大結晶化速度が達成される時間)であり;LCBIは、1,000,000g/molのモル重量でGPC−MALLSによって測定した測定平均二乗回転半径Rg対、同一の分子量を有する線形PEに対する平均二乗回転半径の比である。
A) 密度が0.960g/cm3以上であり、ISO 1133にしたがって2.16kgの荷重下で190℃で測定した溶融流れ指数MIEが40g/10分以上、好ましくは50g/10分以上である30〜70重量%、好ましくは40〜60重量%のエチレン単独重合体または共重合体(単独重合体が好ましい);
B) A)のMIE値より低いMIE値、好ましくは0.5g/10分未満のMIE値を有する30〜70重量%、好ましくは40〜60重量%のエチレン共重合体。
−40〜150g/10分;または
−50〜150g/10分;または
−40〜100g/10分;または
−50〜100g/10分である。
−FNCT 6MPa/50℃で測定した10時間超過の環境応力亀裂抵抗;
−160%超過のスウェル比。特に170%以上;
−5kJ/m2以上のシャルピーaCN衝撃(T=−30℃)
−700μm超過のゲル直径を有するゲルの量が1未満。
a) MgCl2上に担持されたTi化合物および電子供与体化合物EDを含む固体触媒成分;
b) 有機Al化合物;および選択的に
c) 外部電子供与体化合物EDext。
a) 水素の存在下で気相反応器においてエチレンを選択的に1種以上の共単量体とともに重合するステップ;
b) ステップa)より少ない量の水素の存在下で、別の気相反応器においてエチレンを1種以上の共単量体と共重合するステップ;
ここで、前記気相反応器のうち、少なくとも1つにおいて、成長する重合体粒子が高速流動化または輸送条件下で、第1重合ゾーン(上昇管(riser))を通って上方に流れ、前記上昇管を離れた後、第2重合ゾーン(下降管(downcomer))に入り、成長する重合体粒子が前記第2重合ゾーンを通って重力の作用下で下方に流れ、前記下降管を離れた後、上昇管内に再導入されることによって前記2つの重合ゾーンの間に重合体の循環を確立する。
23℃でISO 1183−1にしたがって測定した。
下記のように0.02rad/sの角振動数および190℃で測定した。
検体を200℃および200バール下で4分間1mm厚のプレートに溶融圧縮した。直径25mmのディスク標本がスタンピングされ、190℃で予熱したレオメータに挿入した。市販されている任意の回転型レオメータを用いて測定を行うことができる。ここでプレート−プレートジオメトリが備えられたAnton Paar MCR 300を用いた。いわゆる振動数掃引(frequency−sweep)を5%の一定する歪み振幅下でT=190℃で行い(測定温度で検体を4分間アニーリングした後)、628〜0.02rad/sの励起振動数ωの範囲で物質の応力反応の測定および分析を行った。標準化された基本ソフトウェアを用いて流動学的特性、すなわち貯蔵弾性率G′、損失弾性率G″、位相遅れδ(=arctan(G″/G′))および複素粘度η*を、適用された振動数の関数として計算し、すなわち、η*(ω)=[G′(ω)2+G″(ω)2]1/2/ωである。0.02rad/sの適用された振動数ωでの後者の値はη0.02である。
重合体の結晶化ポテンシャルおよび加工性ポテンシャルを定量化するためにHMWcopo(高分子量共重合体)指数が使用され、以下の式によって定義される:
HMWcopo=(η0.02×tmaxDSC)/(10^5)
モル質量分布およびそれに由来する平均Mn、Mw、MzおよびMw/Mnの測定は、2003年発行のISO 16014−1、−2、−4に記載された方法を使用して高温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより実行した。言及されたISO標準による説明は下記の通りである:溶媒1、2、4−卜リクロロベンゼン(TCB)、装置および溶液の温度135℃および濃度検出器としてTCBとともに使用可能なPolymerChar(Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain)IR−4赤外線検出器、直列で連結された以下の予備カラムSHODEX UT−Gおよび分離カラムSHODEX UT 806 M(3x)およびSHODEX UT 807(Showa Denko Europe GmbH, Konrad−Zuse−Platz 4,81829 Muenchen, Germany)が備えられたウォーターズアライアンス(WATERS Alliance)2000を使用した。
特定の荷重下で190℃でISO 1133にしたがって測定した。
LCB指数は106g/molの分子量に対して測定された分岐因子g′に相応する。高いMwで長鎖分岐を測定できるようにする分岐因子g′を多角度レーザー光散乱法(MALLS)と結合されたゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定した。GPCから溶出したそれぞれの画分に対する回転半径(前記記載のとおりであるが、0.6ml/分の流速および30μm粒子で充填されたカラムを使用)はMALLS(検出器Wyatt Dawn EOS, Wyatt Technology, カリフォルニア、サンタバーバラ)を使用して様々な角度から光散乱を分析することによって測定する。波長658nmの120mWのレーザー光源を使用した。比屈折率(specific index of refraction)が0.104ml/gで得られた。データ評価はWyatt ASTRA 4.7.3およびCORONA 1.4ソフトウェアで実行した。LCB指数は下記のように測定する。
g′(M)=<Rg2>サンプル、M/<Rg2>線形参照、M
ここで、<Rg2>、Mは分子量Mの画分に対する平均二乗根回転半径である。
Zimm BH, Stockmayer WH (1949) The dimensions of chain molecules containing branches and rings. J Chem Phys 17
Rubinstein M., Colby RH. (2003), Polymer Physics, Oxford University Press
共単量体含有量はBrukerのFT−IR分光光度計Tensor27を使用してASTM D 6248 98にしたがってIRで測定して共単量体としてのブテンまたはヘキセンそれぞれに対してPE内のエチル−またはブチル−測鎖を測定するためのケモメトリックモデルを使用して較正する。結果は重合工程のマスバランス(mass−balance)から由来した予測された共単量体含有量と比較して一致することが確認された。
研究対象重合体のスウェル比は市販の30/2/2/20ダイ(全長30mm、有効長さ2mm、半径2mm、L/D=2/2、入口角20°)と押出ストランドの厚さを測定する光学装置(Gottfert社のレーザーダイオード)を備えた毛細管レオメータであるGottfert Rheotester2000およびRheograph25を用いて温度190℃で測定する。サンプルを毛細管バレル内で温度190℃で6分間溶解し、1440s−1のダイで得られた剪断速度に対応するピストン速度で押出する。
SR=(Dextrudate−Ddie)100%/Ddie
引張衝撃強度を方法Aによって類型1の二重ノッチ標本でISO 8256:2004を用いて測定した。試験片(4×10×80mm)をISO 1872−2要件(平均冷却速度15K/分および冷却ステップの間の高圧)にしたがって製造した圧縮成形シートから切り取る。試験片を45°のV字状ノッチで2つの面にノッチした。深さは2±0.1mmであり、ノッチディップ(notch dip)での曲率半径は1.0±0.05mmである。
環境応力亀裂抵抗(ESCRベル電話テスト)はASTM D1693:2013(方法B)およびDIN EN ISO 22088−3:2006にしたがって測定される。10個の長方形試験片(38×13×2mm)はISO 1872−2要件(平均冷却速度15K/分および冷却ステップの間の高圧)にしたがって製造した圧縮成形シートから切り取る。それらには広い面の1つを中心として縦軸に平行した0.4mmの深さまで剃刀でノッチが形成される。その後、それらはノッチのある面が上に向くようにして特殊な曲げ装置でU字形に曲げられる。曲げから10分以内にU字形試験片をガラス管に入れ、50℃で10%vol.4−ノニルフェニル−ポリエチレングリコール(Arkopal N100)水溶液で満たした後、ゴム栓で密封する。試験片は初日には1時間ごとに亀裂有無を肉眼で検査した後、毎日そして毎週7日後(168時間ごと)検査する。得られた最終値はガラス管内の10個の試験片の50%破壊点(F50)である。
重合体サンプルの環境応力亀裂抵抗は水性界面活性剤溶液内で国際標準ISO 16770(FNCT)によって決定する。重合体サンプルから厚さ10mmの圧縮成形シートを製造する。正方形断面(10×10×100mm)を有するバー(bar)は、応力方向に対して垂直に4つの側面にかみそりの刃を使用してノッチを入れる。M.Fleissner in Kunststoffe 77(1987),pp.45に記載されているようなノッチ装置は、深さ1.6mmの鋭いノッチのために使用する。
厚さ10mmの圧縮成形シートから切り出した10×10×80mmの試験用棒に内部法で測定した破壊靱性を決定する。6つの上記試験用棒の中央部に上述のFNCTに関して言及したノッチ装置のレーザーブレードを用いてノッチを形成する。ノッチの深さは1.6mmとした。測定は実質的にISO 179−1にしたがうシャルピー測定法にしたがって行ったが、試験片および衝撃面積(担持体間距離)は変更して実施した。
ゲルのフィルム測定は150mmのスリットダイ幅とともに20mmのスクリュー直径および25Dのスクリュー長さを有するOCS押出機類型ME 202008−V3上で実施した。キャストラインには冷却ロールおよびワインダー(モデルOCS CR−9)が装備される。光学機器は26μm×26μmの解像度を有するOSCフィルム表面分析カメラ、モデルFTA−100(フラッシュカメラシステム)で構成される。押出条件を安定化させるために最初に樹脂を1時間パージングした後、検査および値記録を30分間行う。樹脂を220℃で約2.7m/分の引取速度で押出し、厚さ50μmのフィルムを生成させる。冷却ロール温度は70℃であった。
重合工程は図1に示すように直列に連結された2つの気相反応器を含むプラントで連続条件下で行われた。
米国特許第4,399,054号の実施例2に記載されている方法にしたがうが、10000RPMの代わりに2000RPMで操作して約3モルのアルコールを含む塩化マグネシウムとアルコール付加物を製造した。付加物を窒素流下で50〜150℃の温度範囲にわたって25%のアルコールの重量含量に達するまで熱処理にかけた。
上記のように製造された約42gの固体予備重合触媒を窒素でパージングしたガラス反応器に入れ、50℃で0.8Lのヘキサンでスラリー化した。
重合
前述したように製造された電子供与体/Tiのモル供給比が8である13.8g/hの固体触媒を、5kg/hの液体プロパンを使用して第1攪拌予備接触容器に供給し、ここにトリイソブチルアルミニウム(TIBA)、ジエチルアルミニウムクロリド(DEAC)および電子供与体テトラヒドロフラン(THF)を投入した。トリイソブチルアルミニウムおよびジエチルアルミニウムクロリドの重量比は7:1であった。アルミニウムアルキル(TIBA+DEAC)対固体触媒の比は5:1であった。アルキル対THFの重量比は70であった。第1の予備接触容器を50℃で平均滞留時間30分に維持させた。第1の予備接触容器の触媒懸濁液を第2の撹拌予備接触容器に連続的に移し、これを平均滞留時間30分で操作し、また50℃に維持させた。触媒懸濁液を、ライン10を介して流動床反応器(FBR)1に連続的に移した。
この比較例の重合体は、Dowによって商標名35060E XG21081404で販売されている共単量体としてブテン−1でチーグラー触媒の存在下にスラリー工程にて製造されたポリエチレン組成物である。
Claims (10)
- 下記の特徴を有するポリエチレン組成物:
1) 23℃でISO 1183−1にしたがって測定した、0.957超過〜0.965g/cm3、好ましくは0.9575超過〜0.965g/cm3、より好ましくは0.958〜0.965g/cm3の密度;
2) 12〜25、特に15〜22のMIF/MIP比、ここでMIFは21.60kgの荷重下の190℃での溶融流れ指数であり、MIPは5kgの荷重下の190℃での溶融流れ指数であり、両方ともISO 1133−1にしたがって測定する;
3) 18〜40g/10分、好ましくは20〜40g/10分のMIF;
4) 230,000g/mol以上、特に230,000〜350,000g/molのMw、ここでMwはGPCで測定した重量−平均分子量である;
5) 35,000〜55,000Pa.s、好ましくは38,000〜55,000Pa.s、より好ましくは40,000〜50,000Pa.sのη0.02;ここでη0.02は190℃の温度でプレート−プレート回転型レオメータでの動的振動剪断(dynamic oscillatory shear)によって測定される、0.02rad/sの角振動数における複合剪断粘度である;
6) 長鎖分岐指数(LCBI)は0.55以上、好ましくは0.60以上であり、ここでLCBIはGPC−MALLSで測定した測定平均二乗回転半径Rg対、同一の分子量を有する線形PEに対する平均二乗回転半径の比である;
7) 比(η0.02/1000)/LCBIは1000とLCBIで割ったη0.02であり、55〜75、好ましくは55〜70である。 - 1種以上のエチレン共重合体からなるか、またはこれを含む、請求項1に記載のポリエチレン組成物。
- チーグラー・ナッタ重合触媒を使用して得られる、請求項1または2に記載のポリエチレン組成物。
- 前記チーグラー・ナッタ重合触媒がa)〜c)の反応生成物を含む、請求項3に記載のポリエチレン組成物:
a) MgCl2上に担持されたTi化合物を含む固体触媒成分であって、前記化合物がチタニウム化合物をMgCl2または前駆体Mg化合物と、選択的に不活性媒質の存在下で、接触させることによって、中間生成物a′)を得て、a′)を予備重合させ、電子供与体化合物と接触させることによって得られる、固体触媒成分;
b) 有機Al化合物;および選択的に
c) 外部電子供与体化合物。 - 下記のさらなる特徴のうち、少なくとも1つを有する、請求項1に記載のポリエチレン組成物:
−組成物の総重量を基準にして0.3重量%以下、特に0.05〜0.3重量%の共単量体含量;
−0.1〜3、特に0.1〜2のHMWcopo指数;
ここで、前記HMWcopoの指数は下記の式にしたがって測定され:
HMWcopo=(η0.02×tmaxDSC)/(10^5)
前記式において、η0.02は、0.02rad/sの角振動数印加による動的振動剪断モード(dynamic oscillatory shear mode)で平行板(またはいわゆるプレート−プレート)レオメータで190℃の温度で測定された溶融物の複素粘度(Pa.s)であり;tmaxDSCは示差走査熱量計(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)装置において等温モードで測定した静止状態下で124℃の温度で結晶化の熱流の最大値(mW)に達するのに必要な時間(分)(結晶化のハーフタイム(t1/2)に該当する最大結晶化速度が達成される時間)であり;LCBIは、1,000,000g/molのモル重量でGPC−MALLSによって測定した測定平均二乗回転半径Rg対、同一の分子量を有する線形PEに対する平均二乗回転半径の比である。 - 下記A)およびB)を含む、請求項1に記載のポリエチレン組成物:
A) 密度が0.960g/cm3以上であり、ISO 1133にしたがって2.16kgの荷重下で190℃で測定した溶融流れ指数MIEが40g/10分以上、好ましくは50g/10分以上である30〜70重量%、好ましくは40〜60重量%のエチレン単独重合体または共重合体(単独重合体が好ましい);
B) A)のMIE値より低いMIE値、好ましくは0.5g/10分未満のMIE値を有する30〜70重量%、好ましくは40〜60重量%のエチレン共重合体。 - 請求項1に記載のポリエチレン組成物を含む製造品。
- ブロー成形物品形態の請求項7に記載の製造品。
- すべての重合ステップをMgCl2上に担持されたチーグラー・ナッタ重合触媒の存在下で行われる、請求項1に記載のポリエチレン組成物の製造方法。
- 下記のステップを任意の相互順序で含む、請求項9に記載の方法:
a) 水素の存在下で気相反応器においてエチレンを選択的に1種以上の共単量体とともに重合するステップ;
b) ステップa)より少ない量の水素の存在下で、別の気相反応器においてエチレンを1種以上の共単量体と共重合するステップ;
ここで、前記気相反応器のうち、少なくとも1つにおいて、成長する重合体粒子が高速流動化または輸送条件下で、第1重合ゾーンを通って上方に流れ、前記上昇管を離れた後、第2重合ゾーンに入り、成長する重合体粒子が前記第2重合ゾーンを通って重力の作用下で下方に流れ、前記第2重合ゾーンを離れた後、第1重合ゾーン内に再導入されることによって前記2つの重合ゾーンの間に重合体の循環を確立する。
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