JP2019526770A - 天然ガスを液化し、天然ガスから任意の液体を回収するプロセスであって、天然ガスを用いた2つの半開放冷媒サイクルとガス冷媒を用いた1つの閉冷媒サイクルとを含むプロセス - Google Patents
天然ガスを液化し、天然ガスから任意の液体を回収するプロセスであって、天然ガスを用いた2つの半開放冷媒サイクルとガス冷媒を用いた1つの閉冷媒サイクルとを含むプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019526770A JP2019526770A JP2018568282A JP2018568282A JP2019526770A JP 2019526770 A JP2019526770 A JP 2019526770A JP 2018568282 A JP2018568282 A JP 2018568282A JP 2018568282 A JP2018568282 A JP 2018568282A JP 2019526770 A JP2019526770 A JP 2019526770A
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- Prior art keywords
- natural gas
- refrigerant
- main
- temperature
- stream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 608
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 291
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0095—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
- F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/0231—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0237—Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
- F25J1/0278—Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
- F25J1/0283—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/029—Mechanically coupling of different refrigerant compressors in a cascade refrigeration system to a common driver
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
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Abstract
Description
a)天然ガスを用いた第1の半開放サイクルを含み、第1の半開放サイクルにおいて、順次、
−酸性ガス、水、および水銀の抽出処理に前もってかけられた圧力P0の天然ガス供給流れは、天然ガス流れと混合され、天然ガスに含まれる任意の天然ガス液を凝縮させるように、周囲温度膨張タービンにより圧力P1まで膨張し、その温度は温度T1まで下げられ、
−凝縮した任意の天然ガス液は、主分離装置内で天然ガス供給流れから分離され、次いで、流れは、主極低温熱交換器を通って、熱交換によって、第1に、主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる主天然ガス流れの事前冷却に寄与し、第2に、主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる初期冷媒ガス流れの冷却に寄与する第1の天然ガス流れを形成し、
−主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、T1よりも高く、温熱源の温度に近い温度T2の状態にある第1の天然ガス流れは、周囲温度膨張タービンによって駆動される圧縮機を用いて圧力P2まで圧縮され、次いで、天然ガス圧縮機の吸入部に流入して、第2の天然ガス流れを形成するように、P2よりも高い圧力P3までさらに圧縮され、
−天然ガス圧縮機からの送出部の第2の天然ガス流れは、一部分が膨張して、周囲温度膨張タービンより上流で天然ガス供給流れと混合され、一部分は、主天然ガス流れを形成し、
−この主天然ガス流れの画分は、主極低温熱交換器を通って、天然ガスを液化するのを可能にするのに十分に低い温度T3まで冷却され、
b)プロセスは、天然ガスを用いた第2の半開放冷媒サイクルをさらに含み、第2の半開放冷媒サイクルにおいて、順次、
−主天然ガス流れの別の画分は、T3よりも高い温度T4で主極低温熱交換器から抽出されて、中間膨張タービンに送られ、そのため、膨張によりT4よりも低い温度T5まで温度が下がり、第3の天然ガス流れを形成し、
−第3の天然ガス流れは、主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる主天然ガス流れと初期冷媒ガス流れとを冷却するように熱交換するために、主極低温熱交換器に再投入され、
−主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、温熱源の温度に近い温度T6の状態にある第3の天然ガス流れは、中間膨張タービンによって駆動される圧縮機に送られて圧縮され、次いで、第3の天然ガス流れは、第1の天然ガス流れと混合される前に、天然ガス圧縮機よりも上流で冷却され、
c)プロセスは、冷媒ガスを用いた閉冷媒サイクルをさらに含み、閉冷媒サイクルにおいて、順次、
−冷媒ガス圧縮機によって前もって圧縮され、温熱源の温度に近い温度T7の状態にある初期冷媒ガス流れは、主極低温熱交換器を流れて再冷却され、
−主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、T7よりも低い温度T8の状態にある初期冷媒ガス流れは、低温膨張タービンに送られ、そのため、膨張によりT8よりも低い温度T9まで温度が下がり、このようにして形成された第1の冷媒ガス流れは、主天然ガス流れおよび初期冷媒ガス流れの冷却に寄与するために、主極低温熱交換器に再投入され、
−主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、温熱源の温度に近い温度T10の状態にある第1の冷媒ガス流れは、低温膨張タービンによって駆動される圧縮機に送られて、冷却される前に圧縮され、次いで、冷媒ガス圧縮機の吸入部に送られる。
実際上、本発明の液化プロセスは、3つの熱力学的冷凍サイクル、すなわち、天然ガスを用いた2つの半開放冷媒サイクルと冷媒ガスを用いた1つの閉冷媒サイクルとを用いる。
天然ガスを用いた第1の半開放冷媒サイクルの前に、天然ガスは、液化に適するように前処理にかけられる。この前処理は、特に、(二酸化炭素を含む)酸性ガスを天然ガスから抽出する処理を含み、この酸性ガスは、特に、液化設備内で凍結することができる。前処理はまた、天然ガスから水を抽出する脱水処理と、水銀除去処理とを含み、水銀は、(主極低温熱交換器4を含む)液化設備内のアルミニウムでできた装置を劣化させる危険を冒す。
上記のように、天然ガスを用いたこの第1の半開放冷媒サイクルは、天然ガスに存在し得る任意の重NGLを抽出し、天然ガスおよび冷媒ガスを事前冷却する働きをする。
第2の天然ガス流れF−2は、別の天然ガス冷却機24を通り、次いで、2つの流れ画分に分離され、一方の流れ画分F−2−1は膨張して、(上記に説明した)周囲温度膨張タービン6aより上流で天然ガス供給流れF−0と混合され、この流れの残りの画分は、主極低温熱交換器4を通る主天然ガス流れF−Pを形成する。
この主天然ガス流れF−Pの画分は、主極低温熱交換器を通り、主極低温熱交換器において、天然ガスを液化するのに十分に低い(典型的には−140℃〜−160℃の範囲にある)温度T3まで冷却される。
この初期冷媒ガス流れG−0のほとんどは、主極低温熱交換器4を流れて、第1の天然ガス流れF−1と、第3の天然ガス流れF−3と、さらには主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる、下記に説明する第1の冷媒ガス流れG−1とを加熱することで事前冷却される。
この変形型は、中間温度膨張タービン8aによって駆動される圧縮機8bによって送出された流れが、(図1の実施形態に対して説明したように、天然ガス圧縮機12の吸入部に直接流入するのではなくて)周囲温度膨張タービン6aによって駆動される圧縮機6bの吸入部に送られるという点で、図1の実施形態と異なっている。圧縮機6bからの送出部にて、この天然ガス流れは、天然ガス冷却機21を通り、次いで、天然ガス圧縮機の吸入部に流入する。
図3は、「補助冷媒サイクルによる付加的な事前冷却」変形型と称される本発明の液化プロセスの別の変形型を示している。
図4は、「過冷却環流によるNGLの吸収」変形型と称される本発明の液化プロセスの別の変形型を示している。
この変形型では、天然ガスを用いた第1の半開放冷媒サイクル時に、主極低温熱交換器4を通って冷却された主天然ガス流れF−Pの画分の一部分F−Iは、温度T11で前記主極低温熱交換器から抽出されて、天然ガス液の吸収に寄与するように主分離装置16に送られる。
処理する天然ガスとLNG環流との間の接触は、例えば、逆流で行うことができる。このために、主分離装置は、例えば、パッキング層を付けることができる。この変形形態では、芳香族化合物(例えば、ベンゼン)の含有率が高い軽ガスを処理する、または、特に、LPGをエタンと共に高い回収率で抽出することが可能である。
Claims (16)
- メタンを主体とした炭化水素混合物を含む天然ガスを液化するプロセスであって、
a)天然ガスを用いた第1の半開放冷媒サイクルを含み、前記第1の半開放冷媒サイクルにおいて、順次、
−酸性ガス、水、および水銀の抽出処理に前もってかけられた圧力P0の天然ガス供給流れ(F−0)は、天然ガス流れと混合され、前記天然ガスに含まれる任意の天然ガス液を凝縮させるように、周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)により圧力P1まで膨張し、その温度は温度T1まで下げられ、
−凝縮した任意の天然ガス液は、主分離装置(16)内で前記天然ガス供給流れから分離され、次いで、前記流れは、主極低温熱交換器(4)を通って、熱交換によって、第1に、前記主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる主天然ガス流れ(F−P)の事前冷却に寄与し、第2に、前記主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる初期冷媒ガス流れ(G−0)の冷却に寄与する第1の天然ガス流れ(F−1)を形成し、
−前記主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、T1よりも高く、温熱源の温度に近い温度T2の状態にある前記第1の天然ガス流れ(F−1)は、前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)によって駆動される圧縮機(6b)を用いて圧力P2まで圧縮され、次いで、天然ガス圧縮機(12)の吸入部に流入して、第2の天然ガス流れ(F−2)を形成するように、P2よりも高い圧力P3までさらに圧縮され、
−前記天然ガス圧縮機(12)からの送出部の前記第2の天然ガス流れ(F−2)は、一部分が膨張して、前記周囲温度膨張タービンより上流で前記天然ガス供給流れ(F−0)と混合され、一部分は、前記主天然ガス流れ(F−P)を形成し、
−この主天然ガス流れ(F−P)の画分は、前記主極低温熱交換器を通って、前記天然ガスを液化するのを可能にするのに十分に低い温度T3まで冷却され、
b)前記プロセスは、天然ガスを用いた第2の半開放冷媒サイクルをさらに含み、前記第2の半開放冷媒サイクルにおいて、順次、
−前記主天然ガス流れ(F−P)の別の画分は、T3よりも高い温度T4で前記主極低温熱交換器から抽出されて、中間膨張タービン(8a)に送られ、そのため、膨張によりT4よりも低い温度T5まで温度が下がり、第3の天然ガス流れ(F−3)を形成し、
−前記第3の天然ガス流れ(F−3)は、前記主極低温熱交換器を逆流して流れる前記主天然ガス流れと前記初期冷媒ガス流れとを冷却するように熱交換するために、前記主極低温熱交換器に再投入され、
−前記主極低温熱交換器からの前記出口において、前記温熱源の前記温度に近い温度T6の状態にある前記第3の天然ガス流れ(F−3)は、前記中間膨張タービン(8a)によって駆動される圧縮機(8b)に送られて圧縮され、次いで、前記第3の天然ガス流れ(F−3)は、前記第1の天然ガス流れと混合される前に、前記天然ガス圧縮機(12)よりも上流で冷却され、
c)前記プロセスは、冷媒ガスを用いた閉冷媒サイクルをさらに含み、前記閉冷媒サイクルにおいて、順次、
−冷媒ガス圧縮機(14)によって前もって圧縮され、前記温熱源の前記温度に近い温度T7の状態にある初期冷媒ガス流れ(G−0)は、前記主極低温熱交換器(4)を流れて再冷却され、
−前記主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、T7よりも低い温度T8の状態にある前記初期冷媒ガス流れ(G−0)は、低温膨張タービン(10a)に送られ、そのため、膨張によりT8よりも低い温度T9まで温度が下がり、このようにして形成された第1の冷媒ガス流れ(G−1)は、前記主天然ガス流れ(F−P)および前記初期冷媒ガス流れ(G−0)の冷却に寄与するために、前記主極低温熱交換器に再投入され、
−前記主極低温熱交換器からの出口において、前記温熱源の前記温度に近い温度T10の状態にある前記第1の冷媒ガス流れ(G−1)は、前記低温膨張タービン(10a)によって駆動される圧縮機(10b)に送られて、冷却される前に圧縮され、次いで、前記冷媒ガス圧縮機(14)の吸入部に送られる、プロセス。 - 天然ガスを用いた前記第2の半開放冷媒サイクル時に、前記中間膨張タービン(8a)によって駆動される前記圧縮機(8b)からの出口の前記天然ガス流れは冷却され、次いで、前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)によって駆動される前記圧縮機(6b)の入口に送られる前に前記第1の天然ガス流れと混合される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記天然ガス供給流れは、天然ガスを用いた前記第1の半開放冷媒サイクル時で、前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)に流入するときに、補助熱交換器(36)でさらに冷却される、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 天然ガスを用いた前記第2の半開放冷媒サイクル時に、前記中間膨張タービン(8a)からの排出部の前記第3の天然ガス流れ(F−3)は補助分離装置(40)に送られ、前記天然ガス流れは、前記補助分離装置(40)の出口から前記主極低温熱交換器(4)に再投入され、前記補助分離装置(40)からの前記出口の前記天然ガス液流れは、天然ガス液の吸収に寄与するために、前記主分離装置(16)に完全に、または部分的に圧送される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 天然ガスを用いた第1の半開放冷媒サイクル時に、前記主極低温熱交換器(4)を通って冷却された前記主天然ガス流れ(F−P)の画分の一部分は、前記温度T3よりも高い温度T11で前記主極低温熱交換器から抽出されて、天然ガス液の吸収に寄与するように前記主分離装置(16)に送られる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 天然ガスを用いた前記第1の半開放冷媒サイクル時に、前記天然ガス供給流れ(F−0)は、前記主極低温熱交換器で先行事前冷却にかけられることなく、前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)により膨張し、温度が下がる、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 天然ガスを用いた前記第1の半開放冷媒サイクル時に、前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)からの排出部の前記天然ガス供給流れは、前記主分離装置(16)に投入され、天然ガス液流れ(F−HL)は、前記主分離装置(16)の前記出口から回収される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記回収された天然ガス液流れ(F−HL)は、下流でのその処理を容易にするために、部分的に加熱されて蒸発する、請求項7に記載のプロセス。
- 前記天然ガス液流れ(F−HL)を加熱するのに必要とされる熱パワーは、前記主天然ガス流れ(F−P)および/または前記初期冷媒ガス流れ(G−0)を冷却することで得られる、請求項7または8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記主天然ガス流れ(F−P)の圧力は、前記天然ガスの臨界圧力よりも高い、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- −前記温度T1は、−40℃〜−60℃の範囲にあり、
−前記温度T3は、−140℃〜−160℃の範囲にあり、
−前記温度T4は、−10℃〜−40℃の範囲にあり、
−前記温度T5は、−80℃〜−110℃の範囲にあり、
−前記温度T8は、−80℃〜−110℃の範囲にあり、
−前記温度T9は、−140℃〜−160℃の範囲にあり、
−前記圧力P0は、5MPa〜10MPaの範囲にあり、
−前記圧力P1は、1MPa〜3MPaの範囲にあり、
−前記圧力P2は、2MPa〜4MPaの範囲にあり、
−前記圧力P3は、6MPa〜10MPaの範囲にある、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。 - 前記冷媒ガスは、大部分が窒素である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 海上の天然ガス液化設備で行われる、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載のプロセスを実施するための天然ガス液化設備であって、
−天然ガス供給流れ(F−0)と、天然ガス圧縮機(12)の送出部から来る第2の天然ガス流れ(F−2)の一部分とを受け入れ、主分離装置(16)の入口に接続された排出部を有する周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)と、
−天然ガス流れ(F−P、F−1、F−3)および冷媒ガス流れを受け入れる主極低温熱交換器(4)と、
−前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)によって駆動され、主分離装置(16)からの第1の天然ガス流れ(F−1)を受け入れ、前記天然ガス圧縮機(12)の吸入部に接続された出口を有する圧縮機(6b)と、
−前記天然ガス圧縮機(12)の送出部から来る主天然ガス流れ(F−P)の一部分を受け入れ、前記主極低温熱交換器(4)の入口および出口に接続された中間温度膨張タービン(8a)と、
−前記主極低温熱交換器(4)からの第3の天然ガス流れ(F−3)を受け入れるために前記中間温度膨張タービン(8a)によって駆動される圧縮機(8b)と、
−前記主極低温熱交換器(4)の前記入口および前記出口に接続された冷媒ガス用の低温膨張タービン(10a)と、
−前記低温膨張タービン(10a)によって駆動され、冷媒ガス圧縮機(14)の吸入部に接続された出口を有する圧縮機(10b)と、
を含む設備。 - 前記天然ガス圧縮機(12)および前記冷媒ガス圧縮機(14)は、液化する天然ガスの圧力を上げ、前記3つの冷媒サイクルを流れる流体を圧縮するのに必要とされる機械動力を供給する同じ駆動機械(ME)によって駆動される、請求項14に記載の設備。
- 前記天然ガス圧縮機(12)は、前記周囲温度膨張タービン(6a)および前記中間温度膨張タービン(8a)によって駆動される前記圧縮機より下流であり、前記冷媒ガス圧縮機(14)は、前記低温膨張タービン(10a)によって駆動される前記圧縮機より下流である、請求項14または15に記載の設備。
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FR1656460A FR3053771B1 (fr) | 2016-07-06 | 2016-07-06 | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel et de recuperation d'eventuels liquides du gaz naturel comprenant deux cycles refrigerant semi-ouverts au gaz naturel et un cycle refrigerant ferme au gaz refrigerant |
FR1656460 | 2016-07-06 | ||
PCT/FR2017/051630 WO2018007710A1 (fr) | 2016-07-06 | 2017-06-20 | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel et de récupération d'éventuels liquides du gaz naturel comprenant deux cycles réfrigérant semi-ouverts au gaz naturel et un cycle réfrigérant fermé au gaz réfrigérant |
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