JP2019505238A - 網膜錐体細胞の疾患を治療するための遺伝子治療 - Google Patents
網膜錐体細胞の疾患を治療するための遺伝子治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(a)ヒト網膜アレスチン3遺伝子(hArr3)プロモーターをコードする核酸、
(b)ヒト錐体環状ヌクレオチド依存性チャネルα3サブユニット(hCNGA3)またはそのフラグメントをコードする核酸、および
(c)調節エレメントをコードする核酸
を含む導入遺伝子発現カセットを含むポリヌクレオチドにより達成される。
この例示的な実施形態において使用するrAAV.hCNGA3ベクターは、錐体光受容体環状ヌクレオチド依存性(CNG)カチオンチャネルのヒトCNGA3サブユニットのcDNAを有する、AAVをベースとしたハイブリッドベクターである。hCNGA3 cDNAの発現は、錐体特異的なヒトアレスチン3(hArr3)プロモーターで制御されており、変異ヤマネズミ口内炎ウイルス転写後調節エレメント(WPRE)配列により増強されている。このベクターに含まれる発現カセットは、AAV血清型2型逆方向末端反復配列(ITR)で挟まれており、組換えゲノムが、AAV血清型8型カプシドにパッケージングされ、AAV2/8ハイブリッドベクターが産生される。この発現カセットは、以下のエレメントを含む。
−ヒトアレスチン3(hArr3)遺伝子プロモーター:0.4kb
−錐体光受容体環状ヌクレオチド依存性カチオンチャネルのヒトCNGA3サブユニットcDNA:2kb
−WHV−XのオープンリーディングフレームのATGコドンに点突然変異を有するヤマネズミ口内炎ウイルス転写後調節エレメント(WPRE):0.54kb
−ウシ成長ホルモン(BGH)ポリアデニル化シグナル:0.2kb
−AAV血清型2型逆方向末端反復配列(ITR):0.13kb
rAAV.hCNGA3ベクターゲノムの構造を図1に示す。
例示的な一実施形態において、405bpの錐体光受容体特異的なヒト錐体アレスチン(hArr3)プロモーター[Li et al,Retinoic acid upregulates cone arrestin expression in retinoblastoma cells through a Cis element in the distal promoter region,Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,43(2002)1375−1383;およびCarvalhoら,Long−term and age−dependent restoration of visual function in a mouse model of CNGB3−associated achromatopsia following gene therapy,Human molecular genetics,20(2011)3161−3175を参照]と、全長(2085bp)ヒトCNGA3 cDNA[Wissingerら,Cloning,chromosomal localization and functional expression of the gene encoding the alpha−subunit of the cGMP−gated channel in human cone photoreceptorsを参照]とを含む発現カセットを含むpGL2.hArr3.hCNGA3.WPREmシスベクタープラスミド骨格を用いる。またこの発現カセットは、変異WXFオープンリーディングフレームを有する543bpのヤマネズミ肝炎ウイルス転写後調節エレメント(WPRE)[Zanta−Boussifら,Validation of a mutated PRE sequence allowing high and sustained transgene expression while abrogating WHV−X protein synthesis:application to the gene therapy of WAS,Gene therapy,16(2009),605−619]および207bpのウシ成長ホルモンポリアデニル化シグナル(BGH pA)も含む。配列番号8で示されるヌクレオチド配列を有する5591bpのベクター骨格にはカナマイシン耐性遺伝子(KanR)が含まれており、KanRは、L−ITRから1943bp、R−ITRから2853bpかつpUC18 oriから2024bpの位置に存在する。
本発明者らは、2週齢Cnga3欠損マウス[Bielら,Selective loss of cone function in mice lacking the cyclic nucleotide−gated channel CNG3,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,96(13):7553−7557(1999)]の網膜下腔にrAAV.hCNGA3ベクターを送達し、生物活性および導入遺伝子発現の有無を確認した。送達方法は、Michalakisら,Restoration of cone vision in the CNGA3−/− mouse model of congenital complete lack of cone photoreceptor function,Molecular therapy:The Journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy,18 2057−2063(2010)に記載されているマウス特異的ベクターを用いた方法と同様である。マウスの処置眼(TE)には網膜下注射を行い、他方の非処置眼(UE)を対照とした。ベクターの有効性は、注射8週間後に、in vivoにおける客観的な機能評価法である網膜電図検査(ERG)により評価した。Cnga3欠損マウスは、錐体を介する視力を喪失している。したがって、錐体機能評価に特化したERGプロトコールは、CNGA3機能の間接的指標として、またrAAV.hCNGA3ベクターの生物活性(BAA)を評価をする上でも好適である。
別の試験として、非ヒト霊長動物に臨床グレードの組換えアデノ随伴ウイルス(rAAV)を網膜下に単回投与し、投与後のウイルスの分布と排出を調べた。この検討事項は、本発明の遺伝子治療法の環境リスク評価にとって重要である。
臨床グレードの組換えアデノ随伴ウイルス(rAAV)を非ヒト霊長動物の網膜下に単回投与した際の体液性免疫反応について情報を得ることは、本発明による網膜の遺伝子治療の安全かつ効率的な臨床試験プロトコールの開発において重要な要素である。このため、本発明者らは、rAAV8シュードタイピングウイルスを非ヒト霊長動物(Macacca fascicularis)の網膜下に単回投与し、該動物における抗薬物抗体(ADA)の力価を調べた。
この臨床介入試験(NCT02610582)の目的は、CNGA3に関連する1色覚を有する患者を対象として、本発明によるAAV8を用いた補充遺伝子治療の安全性評価を行うことである。
主要評価項目としての安全性は、眼性炎症の有無を調べる臨床検査(スリットランプ、眼底鏡検査、血管造影、視野測定または電気生理検査)により評価した。現段階(試験開始から15ヶ月経過)において、処置を行ったすべての患者に対して3ヶ月間以上の経過観察を行っており、これまで重篤な有害事象は一切報告されていない。さらに、別の処置を必要とする眼性有害事象も一切認められておらず、後遺症が生じたり解消に至っていない非眼性有害事象も認められていない。総じて、これらの結果は、NHPを用いた前臨床毒性試験で確認された優れた安全性プロファイルを反映するものである。
この安全性試験の主要目的には当たらないが、今後の有効性試験における評価項目として適切か否かを判断するために、いくつかの有効性評価項目を探索的に選択した。この有効性評価項目には、最大矯正視力、患者報告評価指標などが含まれる。
以下のヌクレオチド配列およびアミノ酸配列は添付の配列表に記載されている。
hArr3プロモーターヌクレオチド配列:配列番号1
hCNGA3ヌクレオチド配列:配列番号2
hCNGA3アミノ酸配列:配列番号3
WPREmヌクレオチド配列:配列番号4
BGH pAヌクレオチド配列:配列番号5
L−ITRヌクレオチド配列:配列番号6
R−ITRヌクレオチド配列:配列番号7
pGL2.KanRベクター骨格ヌクレオチド配列:配列番号8
Claims (34)
- (a)ヒト網膜アレスチン3遺伝子(hArr3)プロモーターをコードする核酸、
(b)ヒト錐体環状ヌクレオチド依存性チャネルα3サブユニット(hCNGA3)またはそのフラグメントをコードする核酸、および
(c)調節エレメントをコードする核酸
を含む導入遺伝子発現カセットを含むポリヌクレオチド。 - 前記調節エレメントが、(c1)ヤマネズミ口内炎ウイルス転写後調節エレメント(WPRE)をコードする核酸を含む、請求項1に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 前記WPREが、非発現型のヤマネズミ肝炎ウイルスXタンパク質(WHX)のオープンリーディングフレーム(WHX OR)を含む変異WPRE(WPREm)である、請求項2に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 前記調節エレメントが、(c2)ポリアデニル化シグナル(pA)をコードする核酸を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 前記pAが、ウシ成長ホルモンpA(BGH pA)である、請求項4に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 前記導入遺伝子発現カセットを挟む逆方向末端反復配列(ITR)をコードする核酸、好ましくは前記hArr3プロモーターに隣接する少なくとも1つのITR(L−ITR)と前記pAに隣接する少なくとも1つのITR(R−ITR)とをコードする核酸をさらに含む、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 前記ITRが、AAV血清型2型由来のITR(ITR AAV2)である、請求項6に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- (a)−(b)−(c)、好ましくは(a)−(b)−(c1)−(c2)、さらに好ましくは(L−ITR)−(a)−(b)−(c1)−(c2)−(R−ITR)の順で配置された構成を含む、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- hArr3プロモーターをコードする前記核酸が、配列番号1のヌクレオチド配列を含む、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- hCNGA3をコードする前記核酸が、配列番号2のヌクレオチド配列または配列番号3のアミノ酸配列をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む、先行する請求項のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- WPREmをコードする前記核酸が、配列番号4のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項3〜10のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- BGH pAをコードする前記核酸が、配列番号5のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項5〜11のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- L−ITRをコードする前記核酸が配列番号6のヌクレオチド配列を含むこと、および/またはR−ITRをコードする前記核酸が配列番号7のヌクレオチド配列を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6〜12のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む核酸ベクター。
- 全長5,000bp以上、好ましくは全長5,500bp以上の骨格をさらに含む環状プラスミドである、請求項14に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記骨格に含まれるオープンリーディングフレーム(ORF)が、5個以下、好ましくは4個以下、さらに好ましくは3個以下、さらに好ましくは2個以下、さらに好ましくは1個以下、非常に好ましくは0個である、請求項15に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記骨格が、選択マーカー、好ましくは抗生物質耐性をコードする核酸、さらに好ましくはカナマイシン耐性をコードする核酸(KanR)を含む、請求項15または16に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記選択マーカーの5’末端および3’末端が、前記ポリヌクレオチドから距離をおいて離れた位置に、好ましくは前記ポリヌクレオチドから距離をおいてできるだけ離れた位置に、さらに好ましくは前記ポリヌクレオチドから1,000bp以上、さらに好ましくは1,500bp以上、非常に好ましくは1,900bp以上の距離をおいた位置にある、請求項17に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記骨格に含まれる制限酵素認識部位(RERS)が、10個以下、好ましくは5個以下、さらに好ましくは3個以下、さらに好ましくは2個以下、さらに好ましくは1個以下、非常に好ましくは0個である、請求項15〜18のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記骨格に含まれるプロモーターが、5個以下、好ましくは4個以下、さらに好ましくは3個以下、さらに好ましくは2個以下、さらに好ましくは1個以下、非常に好ましくは0個である、請求項15〜19のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記骨格が、複製開始点(ORI)、好ましくはpUC18 ORIをさらに含む、請求項15〜20のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記骨格が、配列番号8のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項15〜21のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクター。
- アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターである、請求項15〜22のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 前記AAVベクターのAAVカプシド配列の血清型が、AAV2、AAV5、AAV8およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項23に記載の核酸ベクター。
- 請求項15〜24のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクターと薬学的に許容される担体とを含む医薬製剤。
- 前記薬学的に許容される担体が、塩類溶液、好ましくは滅菌平衡塩類溶液を含み、任意選択で界面活性剤、好ましくは粉末ポロキサマー(Kolliphor(登録商標) P 188 micro)をさらに含む、請求項25に記載の医薬製剤。
- 網膜錐体細胞に影響を及ぼす遺伝子変異、遺伝子置換または遺伝子欠失を伴う疾患の治療に使用するための、請求項25または26に記載の医薬製剤。
- 前記疾患が、1色覚(ACHM)、好ましくはACHM2型(ACHM2)である、請求項27に記載の医薬製剤。
- (a)請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチドおよび/または請求項14〜24のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクターおよび/または請求項25〜28のいずれか1項に記載の医薬製剤と、
(b)これらを使用するための取扱説明書と
を含むキット。 - 請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のポリヌクレオチドをアデノ随伴ウイルスベクターに挿入することを含む、組換えアデノ随伴ウイルス(rAAV)ベクターを作製する方法。
- 前記組換えアデノ随伴ウイルスベクターが、請求項14〜24に記載の核酸ベクターである、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 網膜錐体細胞に影響を及ぼす遺伝子変異、遺伝子置換または遺伝子欠失を伴う疾患を治療する方法であって、このような治療を必要とする対象に請求項14〜24のいずれか1項に記載の核酸ベクターおよび/または請求項25〜28のいずれか1項に記載の医薬製剤を投与し、それによって前記対象を治療することを含む方法。
- 前記疾患が、1色覚(ACHM)、好ましくはACHM2型(ACHM2)である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記ベクターが、網膜下および/または硝子体内に投与される、請求項32および請求項33に記載の方法。
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PCT/EP2017/054229 WO2017144610A1 (en) | 2016-02-23 | 2017-02-23 | Gene therapy for the treatment of a disease of retinal cone cells |
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EP2661494B1 (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2019-06-12 | Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation | Promoters, expression cassettes and vectors for use treating achromatopsia and other diseases |
GB201800546D0 (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-02-28 | Ucl Business Plc | Treatment |
GB201900702D0 (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-06 | Univ Bristol | Therapy |
WO2024033837A1 (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-02-15 | Institute Of Molecular And Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (Iob) | Human cone photoreceptor optogenetic constructs |
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EP2661494B1 (en) | 2011-01-07 | 2019-06-12 | Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation | Promoters, expression cassettes and vectors for use treating achromatopsia and other diseases |
US9375491B2 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2016-06-28 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Chimeric promoter for cone photoreceptor targeted gene therapy |
CN105764531A (zh) * | 2013-05-16 | 2016-07-13 | 应用遗传科技公司 | 用于治疗色盲和其它疾病的启动子、表达盒、载体、药盒和方法 |
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HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS, vol. Vol.20, No.16, p.3161-3175, JPN6021004308, 2011, ISSN: 0004442808 * |
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS, vol. Vol.288, No.10, p.459-467, JPN6021004309, 2013, ISSN: 0004442809 * |
MOLECULAR THERAPY, vol. Vol.23, No.9, p.1423-1433, JPN6021004307, 2015, ISSN: 0004442807 * |
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CA3015128A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
IL261295B1 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
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SI3419673T1 (sl) | 2021-03-31 |
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AU2017222948B2 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
WO2017144080A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
IL261295A (en) | 2018-10-31 |
DK3419673T3 (da) | 2020-11-30 |
US20180353619A1 (en) | 2018-12-13 |
EP3419673B1 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
CN109310785A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
ES2835032T3 (es) | 2021-06-21 |
NZ745329A (en) | 2024-03-22 |
IL261295B2 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
US10849991B2 (en) | 2020-12-01 |
BR112018017247A2 (pt) | 2019-02-05 |
JP7005527B2 (ja) | 2022-02-04 |
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