JP2019207372A - Reticle, reticle unit, rifle scope, and optical equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a reticle having a novel configuration capable of forming a desired pattern, a reticle unit, and an optical equipment.SOLUTION: Disclosed reticle has a recline pattern formed to serve as an index when viewing the observation target. In reticle 30A, the reticle pattern is constituted by convex portions 33a and 33b provided on the pattern forming surface 31a of the plate-like optical member 31. The convex portions 33a and 33b are composed of multiple convex strips 133 (structures) extending in the length direction in parallel with the width direction of the lines constituting the pattern. The reticle is configured so that when the observation target is viewed through the reticle 30A, the light incident on the reticle 30Afrom the observation side is deflected by the convex part so that the image of the reticle pattern is visible.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a reticle formed with a pattern that serves as an index when an observer visually recognizes an observation target, a reticle unit, and an optical device such as a rifle scope including the reticle or reticle unit.

  Examples of the optical apparatus provided with the reticle as described above include a rifle scope, a field scope, a surveying instrument, a telescope, and a microscope. For example, in a shooting aiming scope represented by a rifle scope (hereinafter referred to as a “rifle scope”), a cross line, a bullet drop correction line for aiming at a target, a dot, or a pattern in which these are combined is formed. A reticle is used. Such a reticle generally uses a thin optical glass as a substrate, and two wires are stretched and bonded on the glass substrate, or a groove is dug in the glass substrate to fix the ink. For example, the pattern image is visually recognized by blocking the incident light by forming a cross line or the like (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). However, in the configuration where the wire is stretched, it is difficult to greatly change the line width in the middle, and in electroforming, the end of the line or the whole figure is floating in the air like a bullet drop correction line, dots, symbols, etc. It was difficult to form a pattern.

US Pat. No. 7,793,456 U.S. Pat. No. 1,302,353

  The first aspect is a reticle. The first reticle is arranged at the image position of the objective lens in the observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and serves as an index when the observer visually recognizes the observation target (for example, the reticle pattern in the embodiment). 32) is a reticle formed. In this reticle, the pattern includes convex portions and / or concave portions provided on at least one surface of the plate-like optical member, and the convex portions and the concave portions are each constituted by a plurality of structures. Each structure has a refracting surface that refracts light incident from the objective lens, and the inclination of each refracting surface in the plurality of structures is determined by refracting light incident from the objective lens side out of the observation optical path. Is viewed by the observer as a dark pattern superimposed on the image to be observed.

  The second reticle is disposed at the image position of the objective lens in the observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and serves as an index when the observer visually recognizes the observation target (for example, the reticle pattern in the embodiment). 32) is a reticle formed. In this reticle, the pattern includes convex portions and / or concave portions provided on at least one surface of the plate-like optical member, and the convex portions and the concave portions are each constituted by a plurality of structures. The pattern has a partial pattern composed of a plurality of structures, and each of the structures forming the partial pattern has a convex or concave cone shape having an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path. The inclined surface, which is a cone surface, is configured to refract light incident from the objective lens out of the optical path of the eyepiece lens.

  The third reticle is disposed at the image position of the objective lens in the observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and serves as an index when the observer visually recognizes the observation target (for example, the reticle pattern in the embodiment). 32) is a reticle formed. In this reticle, the pattern includes convex portions and / or concave portions provided on at least one surface of the plate-like optical member, and the convex portions and the concave portions are each constituted by a plurality of structures. The pattern has a linear partial pattern and a curved partial pattern each formed of a plurality of structures. Each structure forming the linear partial pattern has an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the linear partial pattern extends, and the partial pattern extends. The inclined surface, which is a convex or concave linear shape parallel to the direction, is configured to refract light incident from the objective lens out of the observation optical path. Each recording structure forming the curved partial pattern is a convex or concave cone shape having an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path, and the inclined surface, which is a cone surface, is formed from the objective lens. An incident light beam is configured to be refracted out of the observation optical path.

  The fourth reticle is a rifle scope reticle in which a pattern that serves as an index when an observer visually recognizes an observation target, and includes the following. A plate-shaped optical member having two transparent transmission surfaces, a first pattern (for example, linear patterns 32a and 32b and cross pattern 32d in the embodiment) and a second pattern (for example, in the embodiment) formed on the transmission surface The annular pattern 32c), the first pattern, and the second pattern are each formed by a plurality of structures having inclined surfaces inclined with respect to the transmission surface, and the inclination angle α / of the inclined surface with respect to the optical axis of the rifle scope. 2 satisfies the following conditions: 21 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 70 °.

  The second aspect is a reticle unit. This reticle unit is arranged on the reticle of the first aspect, and further on a reticle having a reflecting portion formed on at least a part of its constituent surface on one surface of the optical member, and on the side of the reflecting portion. A light source that emits light and a light collecting unit that is disposed between the light source and the reflection unit and collects the light emitted from the light source and guides the light to the reflection surface. The light collected by the light source and reflected by the reflecting surface is emitted from the other surface of the optical member and is visually recognized together with the pattern image. Here, “collecting” in the present specification means collecting divergent light emitted from a light source into substantially parallel light or convergent light.

  The third aspect is a rifle scope, and optical equipment such as a field scope, surveying instrument, and telescope. These include an objective lens and an image of an observation object formed by the objective lens or a surface provided with the convex portion and / or the concave portion at a position substantially conjugate with the image (for example, the pattern forming surface 31a in the embodiment). ) And the reticle unit of the second aspect, and an eyepiece for observing the image to be observed and the image of the pattern formed by the convex and / or concave portions in an overlapping manner. It is configured.

  The fourth aspect is a method for manufacturing a reticle according to the first aspect. The manufacturing method includes a step of performing metal plating on a mold surface, a step of forming a fine structure corresponding to a structure on a metal-plated mold surface to form a convex portion and / or a concave portion, and a convex portion. And / or a step of setting a mold in which a recess is formed in a molding machine and molding a reticle.

It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the rifle scope which is an example of an optical instrument. 2A and 2B are explanatory views for explaining a reticle pattern, in which FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the reticle, and FIG. 2B is a view as seen from the reticle pattern forming surface side. FIGS. 3A and 3B are explanatory views for explaining a reticle having a first configuration according to the first embodiment, and FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic cross-sectional views in which the reticle is cut along a plane perpendicular to a pattern line. FIGS. is there. It is the microscope picture which expanded the part of the structure which comprises a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the outgoing condition of the light which injected into the convex part on a reticle from the observation object side. FIGS. 6A and 6B are explanatory views for explaining a reticle having a second configuration according to the first embodiment, and FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic cross-sectional views in which the reticle is cut along a plane perpendicular to a pattern line. FIGS. is there. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the reticle of the 3rd structure form in 1st Embodiment, and is typical sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the reticle in the surface perpendicular | vertical to a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the inclination angle of the inclined surface of a structure. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the reticle of the 1st structure form in 2nd Embodiment, and is typical sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the reticle in the surface perpendicular | vertical to a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating how these images are recognized by the observer in the condition where the pattern line and the observation target T overlap, and Fig.10 (a) is the reticle 30A of 1st Embodiment. In this case, FIG. 10B shows the case of the reticle 30B of the second embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the reticle of the 2nd structure form in 2nd Embodiment, and is typical sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the reticle in the surface perpendicular | vertical to a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the reticle of the 3rd structure form in 2nd Embodiment, and is typical sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the reticle in the surface perpendicular | vertical to a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing which showed typically the observation object and the appearance of a pattern line when changing the structure ratio of the permeation | transmission surface provided in the structure. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the structure which made the structure ratio of the permeation | transmission surface provided in the structure different according to the position of the width direction of a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the structure which made the composition ratio of the permeation | transmission surface provided in the structure different from the position of the length direction of a pattern line. It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the structure at the time of providing a curvature in the permeation | transmission surface provided in the structure. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the reticle of 3rd Embodiment, and is drawing which shows the other structural example of a reticle pattern. It is the elements on larger scale of the 1st structural example of the annular pattern of the 1st structural form in 3rd Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the area | region shown with the code | symbol XIX in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the XX-XX arrow in FIG. It is the elements on larger scale of the 2nd structural example of the annular pattern of the 1st structural form in 3rd Embodiment. It is the elements on larger scale of the cross pattern of the 2nd structure form in 3rd Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the area | region shown by code | symbol XXIII in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the XXIV-XXIV arrow in FIG. It is the elements on larger scale of the character pattern of the 3rd structure form in 3rd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the reticle unit shown as 5th Embodiment, and is explanatory drawing which shows the optical path of illumination light. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the said reticle unit, and is a perspective view of the reflection part formed in the pattern formation surface of a reticle. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the said reticle unit, and is a front view of the reticle unit which shows the projection state of the illumination light with respect to a reticle pattern.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As an example of an optical apparatus in which the reticle according to this embodiment is used, FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a rifle scope RS, and FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of a reticle used in the rifle scope RS. The outline of the rifle scope RS will be described with reference to FIG. The rifle scope RS includes an objective lens 1, an erecting lens 2, a reticle unit 3 including a reticle 30 described later, and an eyepiece 4 in order from the observation target side. The objective lens 1, the erecting lens 2, and the eyepiece lens 4 can each be composed of a single lens or a plurality of lenses (lens group). In this specification, the optical axis direction of the rifle scope RS (the optical axis direction of the observation optical path) is defined as the z-axis, as shown in the coordinate axes in FIGS. In addition, two directions orthogonal to each other in a plane perpendicular to the z axis are defined as an x axis and ay axis, a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 1 is defined as an x axis, and a direction along the paper surface is defined as a y axis.

  The objective lens 1 condenses light from the observation target side to form an inverted image (primary image) IM1 of the observation target, and the erecting lens 2 is a primary image that is an inverted image formed by the objective lens 1. The image IM1 is converted into a secondary image IM2 that is an erect image. A reticle 30 is arranged at a position conjugate with the primary image IM1 of the objective lens 1 so as to substantially coincide with the secondary image IM2. The reticle 30 may be arranged so as to substantially coincide with the primary image IM1. That is, the reticle 30 is arranged at the image position of the primary image or the secondary image of the objective lens 1 in the observation optical path between the objective lens 1 and the eyepiece lens 4.

  The reticle 30 mainly includes a transparent disk-shaped optical member 31 that transmits light of a desired wavelength including a visible region, and a reticle pattern serving as an index when aiming at a target on one surface of the optical member 31. 32 is formed. Although there are various types of reticle patterns, the present embodiment shows a configuration in which a cross-shaped reticle pattern 32 extending in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction from the center portion to the peripheral portion of the optical member 31 is formed. . In addition, the pattern line extending in the x-axis direction and the pattern line extending downward from the center in the y-axis direction make the pattern line near the center thinner (the line width is narrower), and the outer pattern line is thicker (the line width is wider), The structure which narrowed the pattern line extended upwards from the center in a y-axis direction is illustrated. A thin pattern line is expressed as a pattern line 32a, and a thick pattern line is expressed as a pattern line 32b. These pattern lines 32 a and 32 b are both linear partial patterns constituting the reticle pattern 32. Hereinafter, the thin pattern line 32a is also referred to as a thin straight line pattern, and the thick pattern line 32b is also referred to as a thick straight line pattern. The specific line widths of the pattern lines 32a and 32b vary depending on the use and function of the reticle, the preference of the observer, etc. In the case of a rifle scope reticle, the line width of the thin pattern line 32a is 5 to 50 μm. The line width of the thick pattern line 32b is set in the range of about 50 to 250 μm.

  The reticle 30 is arranged so that the intersection of pattern lines extending in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction substantially coincides with the optical axis (optical axis of the observation optical path) Z of the rifle scope RS. Further, the reticle 30 has a secondary image IM2 (or a primary image formed by the objective lens 1) formed by the erecting lens 2 on a surface (hereinafter referred to as a “pattern forming surface”) 31a on which the reticle pattern 32 is formed. IM1) and the pattern forming surface 31a are substantially coincident with the object-side focal plane of the eyepiece 4. Therefore, when the observer views the observation target from the eyepiece 4 side through the reticle 30, the observation target secondary image IM <b> 2 (or the primary image IM <b> 1) and the image of the reticle pattern 32 are superimposed and observed through the eyepiece 4. It is visually recognized by the person's eyes 5. Thereby, the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS can be accurately aligned with the observation target (target) as a target, and the target can be aimed.

  In the reticle 30, the reticle pattern 32 is constituted by convex portions and / or concave portions provided on at least the pattern forming surface 31 a of the optical member 31 that is a base material or substrate of the reticle 30. Each of the convex portion and the concave portion is composed of a plurality of structures, and each structure has a refracting surface that refracts light incident from the objective lens 1, and the inclination of each refracting surface in the plurality of structures is the objective lens 1. By refracting the light incident from the side out of the observation optical path, the image of the pattern 32 is configured to be visually recognized by the observer as a dark pattern superimposed on the image to be observed.

[First Embodiment]
In the reticle 30 </ b> A according to the first embodiment, the convex portion is constituted by a plurality of ridges extending in the length direction in parallel with the width direction of the line constituting the reticle pattern 32, and the concave portion is the width of the line constituting the reticle pattern 32. It is constituted by a plurality of grooves extending in the length direction in parallel with the direction. In other words, in the present embodiment, the plurality of structures constituting the convex portion are a plurality of convex stripes arranged in parallel, and the plurality of structures constituting the concave portion are a plurality of grooves arranged in parallel. Then, when the observation target is viewed through the reticle 30, the light incident on the reticle 30 from the observation target side is deflected by the convex portion and / or the concave portion, and the image of the reticle pattern 32 is visually recognized. .

For the reticle 30A having such features will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 illustrating the reticle 30A ₁ of the first configuration mode included in the present embodiment. Here, FIG. 3 (a), FIG. 3 (b), the pattern lines 32a, schematic sectional view of the reticle 30A ₁ in a plane intersecting perpendicularly to 32b, FIG. 4 the pattern lines 32a, the portion of 32b enlarged photomicrographs, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the emission conditions of the light incident from the observation target side to the convex portion of the reticle 30A _1.

In the reticle 30A ₁ of the first configuration form, the pattern lines 32a and 32b of the reticle pattern 32 are constituted by convex portions 33a and 33b provided on the pattern forming surface 31a of the optical member 31. The convex portion 33a corresponds to a pattern line (thin linear pattern) 32a having a narrow line width, and the convex portion 33b corresponds to a pattern line (thick linear pattern) 32b having a wide line width. Both the convex portion 33a and the convex portion 33b are constituted by a plurality of fine ridges 133, 133, 133,... Extending in parallel with the width direction of the pattern line and extending in the length direction of the pattern line. In other words, the convex portions 33a and 33b are constituted by a plurality of ridges 133 that are narrower than the line width of the pattern line. Each ridge 133 is formed in a triangular prism shape in which a cross-sectional shape in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the pattern line extends protrudes from the pattern forming surface 31a toward the observation target, and extends in the length direction of the pattern line.

The angle of inclination of the two inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the ridge 133 with respect to the optical axis Z is incident on each inclined surface and deflected by refraction, and the other surface of the optical member (hereinafter referred to as the pattern forming surface 31a). light emitted from the as "opposing surface") 31b is set to be larger than the angle which transmits an eyepiece 4 provided on the rear side of the reticle 30A _1. In short, it is set so that the light that is deflected by the ridges 133, 133, 133... And emitted from the reticle 30 </ b> A ₁ does not enter the observer's eye 5 through the eyepiece 4. The two inclined surfaces 140 and 140 of the ridge 133 constitute a refracting surface that refracts incident light.

  The convex portions 33a and 33b can be configured by the number of convex strips 133 according to the line width of the pattern lines. That is, the convex part 33a which forms the thin linear pattern (pattern line with a narrow line width) 32a is composed of a small number of convex lines 133, and the convex part 33b which forms the thick linear pattern (pattern line with a wide line width) 32b. Can be composed of a large number of ridges 133. In the configuration example of the linear pattern shown in FIG. 4, the convex portion 33a of the thin linear pattern 32a having a narrow line width w is configured by five convex strips 133, and the convex portion 33b of the thick linear pattern 32b having a line width of 5w is It consists of 25 ridges 133. The width of each ridge 133 in this configuration example is about 10 μm.

In the rifle scope RS provided with the reticle 30A ₁ having such a configuration, light incident on the pattern forming surface 31a from the observation target side (left side in FIG. 3) is refracted by the inclined surface 140 of the ridges 133, 133, 133. Then, the light is deflected in a direction away from the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS and emitted from the facing surface 31b of the optical member. At this time, since the emission angle of the light emitted from the facing surface 31b of the optical member is larger than the emission angle that can be transmitted through the eyepiece lens 4, it does not enter the eye 5 of the observer from the eyepiece lens 4. The inclined surface 140 is refracted (for convenience, referred to as "deflected light") light emitted from the opposite surface 31b, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, the inner circumference of the lens barrel that holds a reticle 30A ₁ and eyepiece 4, etc. Absorbed into the surface. For this reason, the observer viewing the target observation target from the eyepiece 4 side does not see the light from the portions where the convex portions 33a and 33b are provided, and the linear patterns 32a and 32b are visually recognized as dark lines. The image of the reticle pattern 32 is clearly observed.

In reticle 30A ₁ of the present embodiment, one pattern line is constituted by a plurality of ridges 133 corresponding to the line width. Therefore, compared with the case where convex part 33a, 33b is comprised with a single protruding item | line, the height of the convex part which protrudes from the pattern formation surface 31a can be suppressed significantly. As a result, the reticle can be made thin and the reticle 33a, 33b can be prevented from being damaged and can be easily handled during storage or assembly. Further, if the pattern lines 32a and 32b are composed of the number of ridges 133 proportional to the line width (if the formation density of the ridges per unit line width is the same), a reticle having a uniform contrast regardless of the line width. A pattern can be obtained.

For reticle 30A ₂ of the second configuration mode will be described to be included in this embodiment, the reticle 30A ₂ of the configuration mode, the ridges in the reticle 30A ₁ of the first configuration mode and the V-groove (V-shaped groove) That is, this is a configuration in which the structure provided on the pattern forming surface 31a is changed from a ridge to a V-groove. FIG. 6 (a), the FIG. 6 (b), FIG. 3 (a), corresponding to FIG. 3 (b), the pattern line 32a, schematic cross-sectional view of the reticle 30A ₂ in a plane intersecting perpendicularly to 32b It is.

In the reticle 30A ₂ , the pattern lines 32a and 32b of the reticle pattern 32 are constituted by recesses 34a and 34b formed on the pattern forming surface 31a of the optical member. The recess 34a corresponds to a thin linear pattern (pattern line having a narrow line width) 32a, and the recess 34b corresponds to a thick linear pattern (pattern line having a wide line width) 32b. Both the recess 34a and the recess 34b are constituted by a plurality of fine V-grooves 134, 134, 134,... That extend in parallel to the pattern line width direction and extend in the pattern line length direction. That is, the recesses 34a and 34b are constituted by a plurality of V-grooves 134 that are narrower than the pattern line width. Each V-groove 134 is formed in a V shape in which a cross-sectional shape in a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the pattern line extends opens toward the pattern forming surface 31a, and extends in the length direction of the pattern line.

The inclination angles of the two inclined surfaces (refractive surfaces) 140, 140 constituting the V-groove 134 with respect to the optical axis Z are at least part of the deflected light that is incident on each inclined surface and deflected by refraction and emitted from the opposing surface 31b. Is set to be larger than the angle at which it passes through the eyepiece 4 provided on the rear side of the reticle. In short, it is set so that the light deflected by the V grooves 134, 134, 134... And emitted from the reticle 30 </ b> A ₁ does not enter the observer's eye 5 through the eyepiece lens 4.

  The recesses 34a and 34b can be configured by the number of V grooves 134 corresponding to the line width of the linear pattern. That is, the recesses 34a that form the thin linear patterns (pattern lines with a narrow line width) 32a constitute a small number of V-grooves 134, and there are many recesses 34b that form the thick linear patterns (pattern lines with a wide line width) 32b. A number of V-grooves 134 can be used. For example, the concave portion 34a of the thin linear pattern 32a having a line width w is constituted by three V grooves 134, and the concave portion 34b of the thick linear pattern 32b having a line width 4w is constituted by twelve V grooves 134.

Also in the rifle scope RS provided with the reticle 30A ₂ having such a configuration, light incident on the pattern forming surface 31a from the observation target side is refracted by the inclined surface 140 of the V grooves 134, 134, 134. The light is deflected in a direction away from the optical axis Z and emitted from the facing surface 31b of the optical member. At this time, the outgoing angle of the deflected light emitted from the facing surface 31 b of the optical member is larger than the outgoing angle that can be transmitted through the eyepiece lens 4, so that it does not enter the eye 5 of the observer from the eyepiece lens 4. Therefore, an observer viewing the target observation target from the eyepiece 4 side does not see the light from the portions where the recesses 34a and 34b are provided, and the linear patterns 32a and 32b are visually recognized as dark lines. The image of the reticle pattern 32 is clearly observed.

In reticle 30A ₂ , one pattern line is constituted by a plurality of V grooves 134 corresponding to the line width. For this reason, compared with the case where the concave portion is constituted by a single V-groove, the depth of the concave portion can be greatly suppressed, thereby reducing the thickness of the reticle and reducing the impact at the time of bullet firing. A reticle with improved resistance to external force can be provided. Further, if the pattern lines 32a and 32b are constituted by the number of V grooves 134 proportional to the line width (if the formation density of the V grooves per unit line width is the same), a reticle having a uniform contrast regardless of the line width. A pattern can be obtained.

In the reticle 30A ₃ of the third structure forms contained in this embodiment, the pattern lines 32a, 32b are concave-convex portion 35a provided on the pattern forming surface 31a of the optical member, 35b (concave-convex portion 35b is not shown) is composed of The FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the pattern line 32a corresponding to FIGS. 3 (a) and 6 (a). The concavo-convex portion 35a has a composite structure in which ridges 133 projecting from the pattern formation surface 31a toward the observation target and V-grooves 134 opened to the pattern formation surface 31a are alternately connected. In other words, the concavo-convex portion 35a (and 35b) is configured by alternately providing ridges 133 and V-grooves 134 that are narrower than the line width of the linear pattern in the line width direction. In such a reticle 30A ₃ , one pattern line is constituted by a connecting structure of a plurality of ridges 133 and V grooves 134 corresponding to the line width.

  For this reason, compared with the case where an uneven | corrugated | grooved part is set as the structure which consists of a single protruding item | line or V groove, or the structure which consists of a set of protruding item | line and V groove, the height of the protruding item | line part which protrudes from the pattern formation surface 31a The depth of the V-groove part that is depressed from the pattern forming surface 31a can be greatly suppressed. Thereby, the thickness of the reticle can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to provide a reticle having a high resistance to impact and external force at the time of bullet firing by suppressing damage to the ridges and facilitating handling during storage or assembly. Furthermore, if the linear patterns 32a and 32b are composed of the number of ridges 133 and V grooves 134 proportional to the line width, a reticle pattern having a uniform contrast can be obtained regardless of the line width.

The inclination angle of the inclined surface (refractive surface) 140 of the ridge 133 with respect to the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS and the inclination angle of the inclined surface 140 of the V groove 134 with respect to the optical axis Z are set in the same manner as the configuration described above. , polarized light emitted from the reticle 30A ₃ is set so as not to enter the eye 5 of the viewer through the eyepiece 4. The number of ridges 133 and V grooves 134 constituting the concavo-convex portions 35a and 35b can be set according to the line width of the pattern line, and the ridges 133 and V grooves of the concavo-convex portion 35a forming the thin linear pattern 32a. The number of 134 is small, and the number of ridges 133 and V grooves 134 of the concavo-convex portion 35b forming the thick linear pattern 32b is set large.

In such a configuration monkey reticle 30A _3, light incident on the pattern forming surface 31a from (the left side in FIG. 7) observation object side, and refracted at the inclined surface 140 of the inclined surfaces 140 and the V-groove 134 of the projections 133, any It is deflected in a direction away from the optical axis Z of the riflescope is emitted from the reticle 30A _3. Emission angle of the deflected light emitted from the reticle 30A ₃ are not incident on the eye 5 of the observer eyepiece 4 larger than the output angle that can penetrate the ocular lens 4, holds a reticle 30A ₃ and the ocular lens 4, etc. Absorbed by the inner peripheral surface of the lens barrel. Therefore, the observer cannot see the light from the portions where the concave and convex portions 35a and 35b are provided, the straight patterns 32a and 32b are visually recognized as dark lines, and the image of the reticle pattern 32 is clearly observed.

In the reticle 30A (30A ₁ , 30A ₂ , 30A ₃ ) described above, the reticle pattern 32 is composed of convex portions and / or concave portions provided on the pattern forming surface 31a of the optical member. The convex portions 33 a and 33 b are constituted by a plurality of convex stripes 133 extending in the length direction in parallel with the width direction of the lines constituting the reticle pattern 32, and the concave portions 34 a and 34 b are arranged in the width direction of the lines constituting the reticle pattern 32. It is constituted by a plurality of V grooves 134 extending in parallel in the length direction. The concavo-convex portions 35 a and 35 b are constituted by a composite body of a plurality of ridges 133 and V grooves 134 that extend in the length direction in parallel with the width direction of the lines constituting the reticle pattern 32.

Therefore, in the reticle 30A ₁ which constitutes the convex portion at a plurality of convex strip, it is possible to greatly suppress the height of the protrusion protruding from the pattern forming surface 31a. Thereby, the thickness of the reticle can be reduced, and a reticle that can be easily handled while suppressing damage to the convex portion can be provided. In the reticle 30A ₂ in which the concave portion is composed of a plurality of V-grooves, the depth of the concave portion can be greatly suppressed, and thereby the thickness of the reticle can be reduced, and the resistance against impact and external force at the time of bullet firing can be reduced. An improved reticle can be provided. In the reticle 30A ₃ in which the concave-convex portion and the composite structure of ridges and V-shaped groove, can significantly suppress the height of the convex portion protruding from the pattern forming surface 31a, the depth of the V groove of depression from the pattern forming surface 31a Can be greatly suppressed. As a result, the thickness of the reticle can be reduced, and damage to the ridges can be suppressed to facilitate handling during storage and assembly, and a reticle having high resistance to impact and external force during bullet firing can be provided. .

  Furthermore, in reticle 30A according to the present embodiment, a pattern line having a desired line width can be easily formed by appropriately changing the number of ridges, V-grooves and the like constituting the pattern line. Therefore, although the basic configuration of the reticle pattern is the same, a plurality of types of reticles having different line widths and combinations of the pattern lines constituting the reticle pattern can be easily configured without changing the plate thickness or the like of the optical member 31. be able to. Furthermore, as compared with the case where the convex portions, the concave portions, etc. are constituted by a single convex line, V-groove, etc., a reticle pattern having a uniform contrast can be obtained while suppressing unevenness of the pattern. In addition, although the structure which made the inclined surface 140 the flat surface was illustrated, the inclined surface may be a curved surface, a paraboloid, etc.

Then, the reticle 30A as described above, the inclination angle of the inclined surface (refracting surface) 140 that deflected deflected light is set so as not to enter the eye 5 of the viewer an inclined surface 140, the reticle 30A ₁ This will be described as an example.

As shown in FIG. 8, the apex angle of the ridge 133 in the reticle 30A ₁ is α, and the inclination angle of the inclined surface 140 with respect to the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS is α / 2. At this time, the light incident on the inclined surface 140 is refracted in a direction closer to the optical axis Z as the inclination angle α / 2 is larger and away from the optical axis Z as the inclination angle α / 2 is smaller. Therefore, in order to prevent the light refracted by being incident on the inclined surface 140 from being incident on the eyepiece 4, basically, the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 is preferably set to a predetermined angle or less. The above-mentioned predetermined angle (referred to as “first predetermined angle” for convenience) α _{1/2 in} such a viewpoint is mainly the condensing angle θ of the objective lens 1 and the base material (optical member 31) of the reticle 30A _1. Can be obtained based on the refractive index n and the opening V of the eyepiece 4 (light flux taking angle) V.

In the case of a rifle scope, the condensing angle θ of the objective lens 1 is about 10 ° to 30 °, the refractive index n of the reticle base material suitable for injection molding is about 1.46 to 1.53, and the eyepiece 4 captures the light flux. The angle V is about 18 ° to 26 °. Therefore, the first predetermined angle alpha _1/2 is substantially determined in accordance with the light beam acceptance angle V of the eyepiece 4. The first predetermined angle α 1/2 is 54 ° to 58 ° when an optical system having a light flux capturing angle V of the eyepiece 4 of 18 ° is used, and the first predetermined angle α _1/2 is used when an optical system having a light flux capturing angle V of 26 ° is used. 1 a predetermined angle alpha _1/2 becomes 42 ° to 47 °. This angle is the same when the ridge 133 is the V groove 134.

Furthermore, the refractive index n of the reticle base material is about 1.43 to 1.8 in a material suitable for glass mold processing or cast molding as the material of the reticle base material. When using such a substrate, the first predetermined angle alpha _1/2 is, 52 ° to 70 ° with the light beam acceptance angle V of the eyepiece 4 is 18 ° of the optical system, the light beam acceptance angle V is 26 ° It is 39 ° to 62 ° in the optical system. This angle is the same when the ridge 133 is the V groove 134.

On the other hand, when the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 is reduced, the inclination angle with respect to the optical axis Z of the light incident on the inclined surface 140 and refracted is increased, and one inclined surface (an inclined surface having an inclination angle of α / 2) is obtained. ) The light refracted upon entering 140 enters the other inclined surface (an inclined surface having an inclination angle of −α / 2) 140. Since such light has a large incident angle to the other inclined surface, it is totally reflected by the other inclined surface and can enter the eyepiece 4 as so-called stray light. Therefore, in order to suppress the generation of stray light, it is preferable that the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 is a predetermined angle or more. Such (for convenience referred to as "second predetermined angle".) The predetermined angle in terms alpha _2/2 mainly includes a refractive index n of base material of the converging angle θ and the reticle 30A ₁ of the objective lens 1 It can be determined based on the light flux capture angle V of the eyepiece 4.

In the substrate suitable injection molding, when using an optical system of converging angle theta = 10 ° as the objective lens 1, a light beam acceptance angle V of the eyepiece 4 is 18 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 the 21 ° through 22 °, the light beam acceptance angle V is 26 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 becomes 23 ° to 24 °. Also, when the objective lens 1 converging angle θ is using an optical system of 30 °, a light beam acceptance angle V of the eyepiece 4 is 18 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 is 23 ° to 24 °, the light beam in acceptance angle V is 26 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 becomes 25 ° ~ 26 °. This angle is the same when the ridge 133 is the V groove 134.

Further, in a base material suitable for glass mold processing, cast molding, and the like, when an optical system having a converging angle θ = 10 ° is used as the objective lens 1, the light flux capturing angle V of the eyepiece 4 is 18 °. the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 is 21 ° to 24 °, the light beam acceptance angle V is 26 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 becomes 23 ° to 25 °. Also, when the objective lens 1 converging angle θ is using an optical system of 30 °, a light beam acceptance angle V of the eyepiece 4 is 18 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 is 23 ° to 25 °, the light beam in acceptance angle V is 26 °, the second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 becomes 25 ° ~ 27 °. This angle is the same when the ridge 133 is the V groove 134.

From the above, the inclination angle alpha / 2 of the inclined surface 140 of the ridge 133 (V grooves 134), it is preferably further second predetermined angle alpha _2/2 or more first the predetermined angle alpha _1/2 or less it is preferably set within an angle range _{(α 2/2 ≦ α /} 2 ≦ α 1/2). Specifically, by setting the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 to 21 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 70 °, a reticle having a relatively high refractive index base material suitable for glass mold processing and cast molding can be obtained. The pattern lines 32a and 32b can be clearly visually recognized with the used rifle scope. In addition, by setting the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 to 21 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 58 °, the pattern lines 32a and 32b can be clearly defined with a rifle scope using a substrate reticle suitable for injection molding. It becomes possible to visually recognize.

  In addition, if the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 is set to 26 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 42 °, the substrate reticle suitable for injection molding and most substrates suitable for glass molding and cast molding are used. The pattern lines 32a and 32b having high contrast can be clearly recognized with a rifle scope using a reticle of material. Furthermore, if the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface 140 is set to 27 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 39 °, molding is performed using a mold, including glass mold processing, injection molding using a resin material, and cast molding. The pattern lines 32a and 32b having high contrast can be clearly visually recognized for almost all rifle scopes using a reticle formed by processing.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the reticle 30B of the second embodiment will be described. The reticle 30B of the second embodiment is configured such that the pattern lines 32a and 32b are not dark, but part of the light from the observation target side is transmitted so that the observer can see the observation target through the pattern lines. The reticle 30B according to the second embodiment includes a convex ridge 133 of the structure constituting the convex portions 33a and 33b, a V groove 134 of the structural body constituting the concave portions 34a and 34b, and a convex of the structure constituting the concave and convex portions 35a and 35b. Only the cross sections of the stripe 133 and the V groove 134 are different, and the others are the same as the reticle 30A (30A ₁ , 30A ₂ , 30A ₃ ) of the first embodiment already described. Therefore, in the following description, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and different portions will be mainly described.

FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view cut along a plane perpendicular to the pattern line 32a. With reference to this figure, the reticle 30B ₁ of the first configuration will be described. The reticle 30B ₁ is configured by providing a transmission surface 145 that transmits light incident from the observation target side between a pair of inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the ridge 133 so that an observer can visually recognize the light. The transmission surface 145 is an aspect in which the top of the ridge 133 is scraped flat, and the transmission surface 145 is formed substantially parallel to the pattern formation surface 31a by connecting the left and right inclined surfaces 140, 140.

In the reticle 30B _{1 having} such a configuration, the light incident on the inclined surface 140 out of the light incident on the reticle 30B ₁ from the observation target side is deflected in a direction away from the optical axis Z by being refracted by the inclined surface 140 and optically. The light exits from the opposing surface 31b of the member. The light deflected in this way is led out of the optical path, so that it is not visible to the observer and enters as a dark line image. On the other hand, of the light incident on the reticle 30B ₁ from the observation target side, the light incident on the transmission surface 145 is emitted from the facing surface 31b along the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS with almost no refraction at the transmission surface 145. . The light emitted from the facing surface 31 b passes through the eyepiece lens 4 and a partial image of the observation target enters the observer's eye 5.

  The same applies to other adjacent ridges 133, and light incident on the inclined surfaces 140, 140, 140... From the observation target side is deflected out of the optical path. Therefore, a plurality of dark line images are incident on the observer's eyes, and the observer recognizes the plurality of line images together as an image of the pattern lines 32a and 32b. Further, light incident on the transmission surfaces 145, 145, 145... From the observation target side is transmitted along the optical axis Z. Therefore, partial images of a plurality of observation objects are incident on the observer's eyes, and these partial images are united and recognized as an image of the observation object by the observer.

  FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining how these images are recognized by the observer in a situation where the pattern line 32b and the observation target T overlap each other, and FIG. In the case of the reticle 30A of the embodiment, FIG. 10B shows the case of the reticle 30B of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10A, in the reticle 30A of the first embodiment, the pattern line 32b is a dark line, and the observer cannot see the image of the observation target T in the portion overlapping the pattern line 32b. . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10B, in the reticle 30B of the second embodiment, the pattern line 32b is in a state where a plurality of dark line images and partial transmission images of the observation target T are combined. Become. Therefore, the observer sees both the image of the pattern line 32b and the image of the observation target T, and observes the observation target T through the dim pattern line 32b. This can be said to be a situation similar to that when the object to be observed is viewed through a slit plate in which a transparent glass plate is formed with shielding portions that do not transmit light and slit portions that transmit light alternately and closely.

  FIG. 9 illustrates the configuration in which the transmission surface 145 is provided between the pair of inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the ridge 133 (the top of the ridge), but two adjacent ridges 133 and 133 are opposed to each other. The transmission surface 145 may be provided between the two inclined surfaces 140 and 140 (the bottom portion between adjacent ridges), or may be provided at both the top portion of the ridge and the bottom portion between the ridges.

Figure 11 shows a cross-sectional view taken along a plane perpendicular to the reticle 30B ₂ pattern line 32a of the second configuration mode. The reticle 30B ₂ has a transmission surface 145 that transmits light incident from the observation target side between the pair of inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the V groove 134 (bottom portion of the V groove) so that the observer can visually recognize the light. Provided and configured. The transmission surface 145 is a mode in which the bottom of the V-groove 134 is filled flat, and the transmission surface 145 is formed substantially parallel to the pattern forming surface 31a by connecting the left and right inclined surfaces 140, 140.

Also in reticle 30B _{2 having} such a configuration, the behavior of light incident from the observation target side is the same as that of reticle 30B _{1 in} the first configuration form. That is, light incident on the inclined surface 140 of the light incident from the observation target side reticle 30B ₂ is deflected in a direction away refracted by the inclined surface 140 from the optical axis Z of the riflescope RS emitted to outside the optical path Therefore, it enters the eyes of the observer as a dark line image. Of the light incident on the reticle 30B ₂ from the observation target side, the light incident on the transmission surface 145 travels along the optical axis Z with almost no refraction at the transmission surface 145, and is the portion of the observation target in the eyes of the observer. Typical image is incident.

  The same applies to other adjacent V-grooves 134. Light incident on the inclined surfaces 140, 140, 140... From the observation target side is deflected out of the optical path, and a plurality of dark line images are incident on the eyes of the observer. . The observer recognizes these multiple line images together as an image of the pattern lines 32a and 32b. The light incident on the transmission surfaces 145, 145, 145... From the observation target side is transmitted along the optical axis, and partial images of the plurality of observation targets are incident on the observer's eyes. The observer recognizes these partial images together as an image to be observed.

  Therefore, for example, the portion of the pattern line 32b is in a state in which a plurality of dark line images and a partial transmission image of the observation target T are combined, and as shown in FIG. The observation target T is observed through the pattern line 32b.

  11 illustrates the configuration in which the transmission surface 145 is provided between the pair of inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the V-groove 134 (the bottom of the V-groove), but the back-to-back of the adjacent V-grooves 134 and 134 is illustrated. The transmission surface 145 may be provided between the two inclined surfaces 140 and 140 (the top between adjacent V grooves), or may be provided at both the bottom of the V groove and the top between the V grooves.

Reticle 30B _{3 in} the third configuration form includes a plurality of ridges 133 and V-grooves 134, and is configured by providing flat transmission surface 145 at the top of ridge 133 and / or the bottom of V-groove 134 in concavo-convex portion 35. Is done. FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the concavo-convex portion 35 a having a configuration in which a transmission surface 145 is formed on both the top of the ridge 133 and the bottom of the V-groove 134. This is a structure in which the reticle 30B ₁ of the first configuration form described above and the reticle 30B ₂ of the second configuration form are integrated, and the behavior of light incident from the observation target side is the first and first described above. This is the same as the two-configuration reticles 30B ₁ and 30B ₂ .

That is, the light incident on the inclined surface 140 out of the light incident on the reticle 30B ₃ from the observation target side is deflected in a direction away from the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS, and is emitted out of the optical path. Incident as a dark line image. The observer recognizes these multiple line images together as an image of the pattern lines 32a and 32b. Of the light incident on the reticle 30B ₃ from the observation target side, the light incident on the transmission surface 145 advances along the optical axis Z, and a partial image of the observation target enters the observer's eye. The observer recognizes these partial images together as an image to be observed. Therefore, the portion of the pattern line 32b is in a state in which a plurality of dark line images and a partial transmission image of the observation target T are combined, and as shown in FIG. The observation target T is observed through the line 32b.

  In FIG. 12, between the pair of inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the ridge 133 (the top of the ridge) and between the pair of inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the V groove 134 (the bottom of the V groove). However, it is also possible to provide the transmission surface 145 only on one of the surfaces (for example, the top of the ridge).

In the reticle 30B (30B ₁ , 30B ₂ , 30B ₃ ) of the second embodiment described above, the transmission surfaces in the convex portions 33 (33a, 33b), the concave portions 34 (34a, 34b), and the concave and convex portions 35 (35a, 35b). The component ratio ζ of 145 can be 1% to 99%. As shown in FIGS. 9, 11, and 12, the width of the inclined surface 140 viewed in the optical axis direction is s ₁ and s _2, and the width of the transmission surface 145 is t ₁ and t ₂ . At this time, the constituent ratio ζ of the transmitting surface 145 in the convex portion 33 is ζ = t ₁ / (2s ₁ + t ₁ ), the constituent ratio of the transmitting surface 145 in the concave portion 34 is ζ = t ₂ / (2s ₂ + t ₂ ), and unevenness The component ratio of the transmission surface 145 in the portion 35 is obtained by ζ = (t ₁ + t ₂ ) / (2s ₁ + t ₁ + 2s ₂ + t ₂ ).

FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C are explanatory diagrams schematically showing how the observation target T and the pattern line 32b appear when the component ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 is changed. Shown in The composition ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 in each figure is ζ ₁ <ζ ₂ <ζ ₃ in the order of FIGS. 13 (a), 13 (b), and 13 (c). As shown in the drawing, the pattern line 32b is more clearly visible as the component ratio ζ of the transmissive surface 145 is smaller, and the observation target T is clearly visible as the component ratio ζ of the transmissive surface 145 is larger. When the transmission surface 145 is a plane parallel to the pattern formation surface 31a, the component ratio of the transmission surface 145 is almost synonymous with the light transmittance along the optical axis.

  Here, the contrast discrimination ability of the human eye is about 1-2% (Weber-Fechner's law). That is, the human eye can distinguish between two objects having a luminance difference of about 1%. Therefore, a pattern line that is about 1% dark in the bright background can be identified, and an observation object that is about 1% bright in the dark pattern line can be recognized. Therefore, by setting the composition ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 in the convex portion 33, the concave portion 34, and the concave and convex portion 35 to 1% to 99%, it is possible to visually recognize both the observation target T and the pattern lines 32a and 32b. Note that the composition ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 is preferably 10% to 40%. This is because when ζ <10%, it is difficult to visually recognize the detailed movement of the observation target T, and when ζ> 40, the pattern lines 32a and 32b become thin and it is difficult to aim at the target. Moreover, it is more preferable that the composition ratio ζ is 25% to 30%. If the composition ratio ζ is set within this range, the observation target T and the pattern lines 32a and 32b can be visually recognized in a bright situation such as in clear daylight or in a dim situation in the evening or moonlight, and the target can be easily set. This is because it can be aimed at.

  The human eye is said to have a resolution of about 0.1 mm. For example, when a structure in which two bright lines are formed side by side in darkness is viewed with the naked eye, if the distance between the bright lines is greater than 0.1 mm, the human will recognize the two lines as the distance between them. If it is smaller than 0.1 mm, a human recognizes it as a single line. Similarly, when a structure in which two dark lines are formed side by side in a bright background is viewed with the naked eye, if the distance between the dark lines is larger than 0.1 mm, the human recognizes the two lines as dark lines. If the interval is smaller than 0.1 mm, the human recognizes it as one line. Therefore, in reticle 30B in which bright and dark lines are repeated, the distance between adjacent transmission surfaces 145 and the distance between adjacent inclined surfaces 140 when the observer views reticle pattern 32 are each 0.1 mm or less. It is preferable to set.

  In the rifle scope RS, the image of the reticle 30B is magnified by the eyepiece 4 and enters the eyes of the observer. Assuming that the magnification of the eyepiece 4 is 5 times, it is preferable to set the interval between the transmission surface 145 and the interval between the inclined surfaces 140 to 0.1 / 5 = 0.02 mm = 20 μm or less. Further, when the reticle 30B is disposed on the first focal plane and a zoom optical system having a maximum magnification of 32 times is assembled, the interval between the transmission surface 145 and the interval between the inclined surfaces 140 is 0.1 / (32/5) = It is preferable to set it to 0.0156 mm = 15.6 μm or less. As described above, the interval between the transmission surface 145 and the interval between the inclined surfaces 140, more specifically, the formation pitch of the ridge 133 and the V-groove 134 can be set according to the configuration of the optical system using the reticle 30.

The component ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 described above can be set to a different ratio depending on the position in the width direction of the pattern line or the position in the length direction of the pattern line. For example, as in the reticle 30B ₄ shown in FIG. 14, with respect to the pattern line 32b, the protrusion 133 positioned outside in the line width direction has a low component ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 (low transmittance of light from the observation target). ), And the ridge 133 located on the inner side sets the component ratio ζ of the transmission surface 145 to be high (the light transmittance from the observation target is high). Specifically, the one to several rows of ridges 133 positioned at the outer edge in the line width direction have a composition ratio that can keep the lines black even when the external light intensity and magnification change, and the ridges 133 positioned inside thereof are outside. The composition ratio is set so that the target can be visually recognized even if the light intensity and magnification change. According to such a configuration, since the outline of the pattern line 32b is clearly visible with a dark line, it is possible to easily aim at the target, and the observation target can be visually recognized even inside the pattern line 32b. Even if the target is small, it can be aimed without losing sight of the target.

Further, as the reticle 30B ₅ shown in FIG. 15, the pattern line 32b, the component ratio ζ transmission surface 145 of the ridge 133, lower on the outer peripheral side of the reticle pattern 32, is set to be higher at the center closer. According to such a configuration, since the pattern line 32b is clearly visible on the outer peripheral side, the target can be easily aimed, and the target can be visually recognized even inside the pattern line 32b near the center. Even if the captured target is small, it can be aimed without losing sight of the target. The above is an example of the configuration applied to the pattern line 32b having a wide line width, but it can also be applied to the pattern line 32a having a narrow line width.

  In addition, although the structure which made the permeation | transmission surface 145 the plane substantially parallel to the pattern formation surface 31a was demonstrated, the permeation | transmission surface 145 may be a curved surface, a paraboloid, etc., if a curvature radius is a surface more than predetermined. A specific configuration example is shown in FIG. 16A is a configuration example in which a convex transmission surface 145 having a radius of curvature r is formed on the top of the ridge 133, and FIG. 16B is a configuration example in which a concave transmission surface 145 having a curvature radius −r is formed on the top of the ridge 133. The formed configuration example (c) is a configuration example in which a concave transmission surface 145 having a curvature radius of −r is formed at the bottom of the V-groove 134.

  When the transmission surface 145 is a curved surface, the light incident on the transmission surface 145 diverges with a spread angle corresponding to the curvature of the transmission surface, but part of the incident light enters the eye of the observer through the eyepiece 4. The light that enters the eyes of the observer decreases as the radius of curvature of the transmission surface 145 decreases, and the partial image to be observed becomes distorted. However, if the radius of curvature of the transmission surface 145 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the observer can visually recognize the partial image to be observed without being greatly distorted. The predetermined value varies depending on the configuration of the rifle scope, the brightness of the observation target, and the like, but if it is approximately 2 μm or more, the image of the observation target can be visually recognized.

[Third Embodiment]
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the linear patterns 32a and 32b of the reticle pattern 32 are formed by an assembly of a plurality of structures in the form of the ridge 133 or the V-groove 134, and each structure has. The light is refracted by the inclined surface 140 to guide the incident light to the outside of the optical path where the observer observes the reticle pattern. With such a configuration, the light incident on the inclined surface 140 of each structure does not reach the observer's eye 5, and the linear patterns 32a and 32b become black lines so that the reticle pattern 32 can be recognized. That is, the basis of this configuration is that light from the “structure” forming the reticle pattern is guided outside the observation optical path of the eyepiece 4 as shown in FIG. There is basically no relation with the direction of the structure. For this reason, the direction of the ridge 133 or the V-groove 134 is not limited to the longitudinal direction of the linear pattern, but may be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, or may be an arbitrary direction. The ridges and V-grooves are both long in the direction in which the ridgeline extends and fine in the direction perpendicular to the ridgeline, but the length of the ridgeline (the length of the pattern line) is arbitrary. For example, it can be formed in a short line shape.

The reticle 30C of the third embodiment has a configuration in which a structure that forms a convex portion and / or a concave portion is formed in a cone shape, and an inclined side surface extending from the top to the bottom of the cone, that is, a cone surface is used as a refractive surface. FIG. 17 illustrates a reticle having a slightly different pattern from that shown in FIG. 2. The reticle 30C of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18 to 25. In each figure, the same reference numerals are given to the same constituent elements as the reticle 30A (30A _{1 to} 30A ₃ ) of the first embodiment and the reticle 30B (30B _{1 to} 30B ₅ ) of the second embodiment described above. Therefore, duplicate explanation is omitted.

  The reticle pattern 32 of the reticle 30C shown in FIG. 17 is similar to the reticles 30A and 30B described with reference to FIG. 2 in addition to the cross pattern that divides the field of view into four by the thin linear pattern 32a and the thick linear pattern 32b. Within the field of view of the eyepiece, a plurality of relatively small-diameter annular or ring-shaped partial patterns (referred to as annular patterns) 32c and a relatively small cross-shaped partial pattern (referred to as cross patterns) 32d are provided. Configured. Each of the annular pattern 32c and the cross pattern 32d includes a plurality of cone-shaped structures.

  As a reticle of the first configuration form included in the present embodiment, a configuration in which an annular pattern 32c is formed by a plurality of conical structures protruding from the pattern forming surface 31a will be described. 18 to 20 show a first configuration example of the annular pattern 32c. Here, FIG. 18 is a partially enlarged view of the annular pattern 32c shown in FIG. 17, FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a region indicated by reference numeral XIX in FIG. 18, and FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along arrow XX-XX in FIG. It is. The annular pattern 32 c is a convex portion 33 a constituted by a plurality of conical structures 135 a, 135 b, 135 c, and is a curved partial pattern in the reticle pattern 32.

  In this configuration example, a plurality of conical structures are arranged in a circle so that the bases are in contact with each other to form a single circular pattern, and the bases of adjacent inner and outer conical structures are mutually connected. The structure is set so as to be in contact with the circular pattern, and a circular pattern is formed in a plurality of rows (three rows in the figure) on a concentric circle to constitute an annular pattern 32c. In other words, the structure 135b having the circular pattern in the center row of the three rows has two structures in the inner circumferential side in addition to the left and right structures 135b and 135b and the base 141b in the same row being in contact with each other. The bottoms 141b and 141a are in contact with each other in the structures 135a and 135a, and the bottoms 141b and 141c are in contact with each other in the two outer structures 135c and 135c. That is, a plurality of conical structures are arranged densely so that the bases 141a, 141b, and 141c of each structure are in contact with each other according to the shape of the partial pattern.

  The structures 135a, 135b, and 135c in each row have the same cone apex angle (cone angle) α, but have different sizes (diameters of bases 141a, 141b, and 141c, cone height), and the central row. With reference to the structure 135b, the inner peripheral structure 135a has a low cone height (the diameter of the base 141a is small), and the outer peripheral structure 135c has a high cone (the base 141c). Is larger).

  The side surfaces of the structures 135a, 135b, and 135c, that is, the conical cone surfaces 140a, 140b, and 140c are inclined surfaces (axisymmetric inclined surfaces) whose angles are inclined by α / 2 with respect to the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS. The refractive surface refracts the light incident from the objective lens 1. Therefore, the light incident from the objective lens 1 is refracted by the side surfaces 140a, 140b, and 140c of the structures 135a, 135b, and 135c and separated from the optical axis Z, as described with reference to FIGS. Then, it is guided out of the observation optical path by the eyepiece 4. Therefore, the light refracted by the side surface 140 (140a, 140b, 140c) of the structure 135 (135a, 135b, 135c) does not enter the observer's eye 5 through the eyepiece 4, and the observer is not allowed to observe the object. The annular pattern 32c is visually recognized as a dark pattern image by being superimposed on the image.

  In the thus configured reticle 30C, the circular pattern 32c composed of a plurality of rows of circular patterns is dense so that the bases 141a, 141b, 141c of the structures 135a, 135b, 135c constituting each row are in contact with each other. Has been placed. Therefore, a reticle having a curved partial pattern such as an annular pattern 32c can be provided with a relatively simple configuration. In the circular pattern 32c of this configuration example, the structures 135a, 135b, and 135c in each row have the same cone apex angle α, and the cone height and the bases 141a, 141b, and 141c have different diameters. In a reticle manufacturing method to be described later (for convenience, a reticle manufacturing method by an indentation method), a cone-shaped diamond indenter with an apex angle α is pressed onto a mold surface of a molding die to form a structure 135a. , 135b, 135c are formed in a conical depression having the opposite shape. At this time, the conical depressions corresponding to the structures 135a, 135b, and 135c adjust the pressing force of the diamond indenter that presses against the mold surface, and control the penetration depth of the diamond indenter into the mold surface. Can be easily formed. Therefore, it is possible to easily form a depression on a cone corresponding to a plurality of types of structures having different sizes with a single diamond indenter, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the mold.

  FIG. 21 shows a second configuration example of the annular pattern 32c. FIG. 21 is a partially enlarged view of the annular pattern 32c of this configuration example. The annular pattern shown in the figure is basically similar to the annular pattern of the first configuration example, the conical structures are arranged in a circle to form a circular pattern of one row, and a circular pattern having a different diameter is formed. A plurality of rows (basically three rows in the figure) are formed on concentric circles to form an annular pattern 32c. However, in the annular pattern 32c of this configuration example, the apex angle α and the size (cone height, base diameter) of the conical structure 135d are all the same regardless of the row, and the circumferential direction and angle The pitch is also the same (10 ° in this configuration example). Further, in the circular pattern of each row, the virtual circles 141d and 141d on the bottom sides of the conical structures 135d and 135d adjacent to the left and right overlap each other, and the adjacent inner and outer conical structures 135d, The virtual circles 141d and 141d at the bottom of 135d are also set to overlap each other.

  In the configuration example illustrated in FIG. 21, in addition to the three rows of the inner circumferential row, the central row, and the outer circumferential row, an angle in the circumferential direction of the structure body 135d between the circular pattern of the outer circumferential row and the circular pattern of the central row. The position is shifted from the above-mentioned three rows of circular patterns by a half pitch (5 °) to form an intermediate row of additional circular patterns. Further, on the same circumference as the circular pattern of the outer circumferential row, the angular position of the circumferential direction of the structure 135d is shifted by a half pitch (5 °) from the circular row of the three rows (in the same circumferential direction as the additional circular pattern of the intermediate row). At the angular position), an additional circular pattern of the outer circumferential row is formed. In other words, the circular pattern in the outer circumferential row has a structure in which the structures 135d are densely formed at an angular pitch of ½ compared to the circular pattern in the central row and the inner circumferential row. Further, an intermediate circular additional circular pattern is provided between the outer peripheral row and the central row, and the density of the structures 135d increases toward the outer peripheral side.

  The side surface (conical cone surface) of each structure 135d is an inclined surface whose angle is inclined by α / 2 with respect to the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS, and is a refracting surface that refracts light incident from the objective lens 1. . Therefore, the light incident from the objective lens 1 is refracted on the side surface of the structure and is guided out of the observation optical path by the eyepiece 4. Therefore, the annular pattern 32c is visually recognized as a dark pattern image by being superimposed on the image to be observed by the observer. In this configuration example, the virtual circles 141d and 141d at the bottoms of the conical structures 135d and 135d adjacent in the left and right in the same row overlap with each other, and further, the adjacent inner and outer conical structures 135d and 135d. The virtual circles 141d and 141d on the bottom side are also set to overlap each other.

  Therefore, according to the reticle having such a configuration, as compared with the configuration in which the bottoms of adjacent conical structures are in contact with each other, the refractive surface occupying the entire annular pattern 32c (the angle with respect to the optical axis Z is α / 2). The composition ratio of the inclined inclined surface 140) can be increased, thereby improving the visibility of the pattern. Furthermore, the arrangement pitch of the circular pattern structure on the outer peripheral side is made finer (the density is increased), so that the observer can visually recognize the outline of the annular pattern 32c as a smooth curve and refract incident light. Therefore, a reticle having high contrast and good visibility can be provided.

  Next, a configuration example in which a cross pattern 32d is formed by a plurality of quadrangular pyramid structures 136 protruding from the pattern formation surface 31a will be described as a reticle of the second configuration form included in the present embodiment. 22 to 24 show configuration examples of the cross pattern 32d. Here, FIG. 22 is a partially enlarged view of the cross pattern 32d shown in FIG. 17, FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a region indicated by reference numeral XXIII in FIG. 22, and FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XXIV-XXIV in FIG. is there. The cross pattern 32 d is a convex portion 33 a configured by a plurality of quadrangular pyramid-shaped structures 136.136, 136..., And is a linear partial pattern in the reticle pattern 32.

  In this configuration example, the quadrangular pyramid structures 136 are linearly arranged so that the bases 143 are in contact with each other to form one row of fine lines, which are arranged in parallel in a plurality of rows (three rows in the figure). The cross pattern 32d is formed by arranging the two short lines so as to be orthogonal to each other in a cross shape. In other words, a plurality of quadrangular pyramid-shaped structures 136, 136, 136,... Are arranged densely so that the bases 141 of the structures 136 are in contact with each other according to the shape of the partial pattern. . In the illustrated configuration example, the structures 136, 136, 136... Are regular pyramids, and the apex angle (facing angle) α and the size (the length of the base 143, the height of the quadrangular pyramids) of the structures 136 disposed in each part. Is the same.

  The four side surfaces 140, 140, 140, 140 of each structure 136, that is, the pyramid surface of the quadrangular pyramid, are all inclined surfaces having an angle of α / 2 with respect to the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS, and the objective lens 1 is a refracting surface that refracts light incident from 1; Therefore, the light incident from the objective lens 1 is refracted by each side surface 140 of the structure, and is guided away from the optical path Z by the eyepiece 4 away from the optical axis Z. For this reason, the light refracted by the side surface 140 of the structure 136 does not enter the observer's eye 5 through the eyepiece 4, and is superimposed on the image to be observed by the observer so that the cross pattern 32 d is a dark pattern image. As visible.

  As a reticle of the third configuration form included in the present embodiment, a configuration will be described in which partial patterns such as characters and figures are formed by a plurality of quadrangular pyramid structures 136 protruding from the pattern formation surface 31a. FIG. 25 shows a configuration example in which a letter pattern 32e “F” of the alphabet is formed by a plurality of quadrangular pyramid structures 136, 136, 136... Protruding from the pattern forming surface 31a. This figure is a partially enlarged view of a character pattern 32e similar to FIG. As apparent from the comparison between the cross pattern 32d shown in FIG. 22 and the character pattern 32e shown in FIG. 25, the formation method of the character pattern 32e is the same as that of the cross pattern 32d, and has a plurality of quadrangular pyramid structures. This is achieved by arranging the bodies 136, 136, 136,... Densely so that the base 143 of each structure 136 is in contact with the shape of the partial pattern.

  Each side surface 140 of each structure 136 is an inclined surface whose angle is inclined by α / 2 with respect to the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS, and is a refracting surface that refracts light incident from the objective lens 1. Therefore, the light incident from the objective lens 1 is refracted by each side surface 140 of the structure, and is guided away from the optical path Z by the eyepiece 4 away from the optical axis Z. Therefore, the light refracted at each side surface 140 does not enter the observer's eye 5 through the eyepiece lens 4, and the observer sees the character pattern 32e as a dark pattern image superimposed on the image to be observed. The

  In the cross pattern 32d and the character pattern 32e described above, the shapes of the structures 136, 136, 136,... That form the convex portions are quadrangular pyramids, and the bases 143, 143 of the adjacent structures 136, 136 are in contact with each other without a gap. A partial pattern having a desired shape is formed by arranging the patterns. Therefore, the component ratio η of the refracting surface (the inclined surface inclined at an angle of α / 2 with respect to the optical axis Z) 140 occupying the entire partial patterns 32d and 32e can be almost 100% (η≈100%). Further, the structures 136 are densely arranged with no gap along the inside and outline of the partial pattern. Therefore, a reticle with a clear pattern shape, high contrast, and good visibility can be provided.

  In the above, the cone-shaped structures 135 (135a, 135b, 135c, 135d) and the structure 136 having a regular quadrangular pyramid shape are illustrated as the cone-shaped structures. It is not limited to. That is, any structure may be used as long as the inclination angle with respect to the optical axis Z of the inclined surface that forms the refracting surface is α / 2, such as a triangular pyramid or a quadrangular pyramid having different base lengths, or It may be a polygonal pyramid such as a pentagonal pyramid or a hexagonal pyramid. In addition, a configuration in which a relatively small partial pattern is formed in the field of view of the eyepiece by using a plurality of cone-shaped structures is illustrated. However, a relatively large partial pattern in the field of view is formed by the plurality of cone-shaped structures. It is also possible to form. For example, the above-described straight line patterns 32a and 32b can be configured by extending the “short line” described in the cross pattern 32d as an appropriate number of columns.

  In the present embodiment, the ring pattern 32c, the cross pattern 32d, and the character pattern 32e are exemplified as the protrusions 33a protruding from the pattern formation surface 31a. However, these partial patterns are formed more than the pattern formation surface 31a. Needless to say, the concave portion 34 can be configured, and the same function can be achieved. And the detailed structure regarding angle (alpha) / 2 of the inclined surface 140 as a refractive surface demonstrated with reference to FIG. 8 is formed similarly. Furthermore, as described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 16 as the second embodiment, it is possible to control the brightness of the pattern portion by partially making the top or bottom of the structure a plane. Similarly, it is obvious that the present invention can be applied to the reticle 30C of the present embodiment.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Next, a method for manufacturing the reticles 30A, 30B, and 30C of the first to third embodiments described above will be described. These reticles 30 (30A, 30B, 30C) can be produced by a plurality of types of manufacturing methods according to the material of the optical member 31 and the form of the reticle pattern 32. In the present embodiment, a manufacturing method in the case where the optical member 31 is made of a transparent resin material generally used in optical equipment and manufactured by injection molding using a molding die will be described.

The method for manufacturing the reticle 30 includes the following steps (processes / procedures).
A step of forming a structure corresponding to the outer shape of the reticle on the mold material by machining;
A step of performing metal plating on the mold surface,
A step of forming a convex portion and / or a concave portion by forming a fine structure corresponding to the structure on the metal-plated mold surface;
A step of setting a mold having a convex part and / or a concave part on a molding machine and molding a reticle;

  As the mold material, a material generally used in injection molding can be used, for example, STAVAX of BOHLER UDDEHOLM is exemplified. Metal plating performed on the mold surface has a relatively high surface hardness (for example, Vickers hardness Hv of 450 or more, more preferably 800 or more), and can form a plating layer with a thickness greater than the height of the structure. For example, electroless nickel plating, hard chrome plating and the like are exemplified.

  The means for forming the fine structure corresponding to the structure on the mold surface can be appropriately selected according to the shape of the structure constituting the reticle pattern. For example, like the reticle 30A of the first embodiment or the reticle 30B of the second embodiment, the structure has a linear shape with a length l in the pattern direction (b << l) longer than the width b in the pattern orthogonal direction. In the case of the ridge 133, the V-groove 144, and the like, a fine structure corresponding to these structures is preferably formed by cutting (referred to as a “cutting method” for convenience). On the other hand, when the structure is an aggregate of cones such as a cone and a pyramid arranged according to the pattern shape as in the reticle 30C of the third embodiment, the apex angle is set to α. Using a diamond indenter whose tip is processed into a cone shape (so that the inclination angle of the cone surface is α / 2), this diamond indenter is pressed against the mold surface to reverse the structure of the structure ( A method of forming an indentation) (referred to as “indentation method” for convenience) is preferable. The cutting method and the indentation method can be used in appropriate combination depending on the configuration of the reticle pattern 32.

  The mold thus manufactured is set in an injection molding machine, and a transparent resin material is injected into the mold to mold the reticle 30 (30A, 30B, 30C). As a transparent resin material suitable for an optical device such as a reticle, for example, Delpet (registered trademark) 80N manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation is exemplified.

  Finally, a step of forming an antireflection film can be added to the structure group constituting the convex portion 33, the concave portion 34, and the concave and convex portion 35. The antireflection film may be formed on the front surface of the reticle 30.

  When the reticle manufactured in the above steps was actually mounted on a telescope and the field of view was confirmed, the reticle pattern 32 formed on the reticle could be observed as a clear dark pattern.

[Fifth Embodiment]
Next, as a fifth embodiment, a reticle unit 3 having a pointer at the center of a reticle pattern 32 will be described with reference to FIGS. These drawings are explanatory views for explaining the configuration of the reticle unit 3, FIG. 26 is an explanatory view showing an optical path of illumination light, and FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a reflecting portion formed on the pattern forming surface 31a of the reticle. FIG. 28 is a front view of the reticle unit showing a projection state of illumination light onto the reticle pattern 32.

The reticle unit 3 includes a reticle 30D, a light source 38 that emits illumination light, and a condensing unit (for example, a condenser lens) 39 that collects light emitted from the light source 38. The reticle 30D is based on one of the reticles 30A _{1 to} 30A ₃ described as the first embodiment, the reticles 30B _{1 to} 30B ₅ described as the second embodiment, or the reticle 30C described as the third embodiment. Further, a reflection part 37 having a reflection surface is provided on the pattern forming surface 31a of the optical member.

  The reflecting portion 37 is formed as a concave portion 37a that opens at a substantially central portion of the pattern forming surface 31a of the optical member 31, and a part of the surface constituting the concave portion 37a constitutes the reflecting surface 37c. The reflecting portion 37 is generally shaped like a cylinder cut obliquely, and the shape when the reflecting surface 37c is projected onto the pattern forming surface 31a is circular. The reflecting portion 37 is located at the intersection of the pattern line extending in the x-axis direction and the pattern line extending in the y-axis direction in the cross-shaped reticle pattern 32, that is, at the center of the disc-shaped reticle 30 </ b> D. It is formed on the surface 31a side (observation target side).

  The illumination light emitted from the light source 38 is collected by the light collecting unit 39, and an image thereof is formed on the reflection surface 37 c of the reflection unit 37. The image of the light source 38 is reflected by the reflecting surface 37c in the optical axis direction (z-axis direction) of the rifle scope RS and is emitted from the facing surface 31b of the learning member. As described above, the eyepiece 4 is configured to be visible with the image of the reticle pattern 32 superimposed on the secondary image IM2. The reflection surface 37c is provided within the depth of focus of the eyepiece lens 4, and the image of the light source 38 reflected by the reflection surface 37c can also be observed. Therefore, the observer can visually recognize the image of the light source 38 as a dot image on the center of the reticle pattern 32, that is, on the optical axis of the rifle scope RS.

  Here, the condensing part 39 is comprised so that the illumination light radiated | emitted from the light source 38 may be guide | induced to the reflection part 37 (reflecting surface 37c) from the angular position pinched | interposed by the two pattern lines which an extension line cross | intersects at least. Is done. When the reticle pattern is a crosshair, as shown in FIG. 28, the light converging unit 39 causes the light emitted from the light source 38 to correspond to the pattern line extending in the x-axis direction and the pattern line extending in the y-axis direction. It is configured to enter the optical member 31 from an angular position inclined by approximately 45 ° and to enter the reflecting surface 37c. In other words, the optical axis of the illumination light traveling from the light collecting unit 39 to the reflecting unit 37 is set to be approximately 45 ° with respect to the x axis and the y axis. For this reason, the illumination light is hardly incident on the convex portions or concave portions constituting the pattern line, causing an interaction, thereby enabling a bright dot image (bright spot) to be displayed and a reticle pattern image with high contrast. Can be obtained.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 26, the condensing unit 39 reflects the illumination light emitted from the light source 38 from the side surface of the optical member 31 located between the pattern forming surface 31a and the opposing surface 31b. It is configured to lead to the part 37. In the illustrated configuration example, the optical axis of the illumination light intersects the optical axis Z of the rifle scope RS on the reflection surface 37c, but the crossing angle between the optical axis of the illumination light and the optical axis Z of the rifle scope is not a right angle, The reticle unit is configured at an angle such that an extension line obtained by extending the optical axis of the illumination light intersects the pattern forming surface 31a. According to such a configuration, it is possible to prevent illumination light from entering the convex portion, the concave portion, and the like, thereby improving the brightness of the dot image and further increasing the contrast of the reticle pattern image. Can be obtained.

  The reticle 30D of the fifth embodiment can also be formed by molding using a die, as described in the fourth embodiment. Examples of the molding process using the mold include glass molding, injection molding using a resin material, and casting molding. Examples of the resin material include methacrylic resin (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and cyclic olefin polymer (COP), which are also called acrylic resins, in addition to the specific materials already exemplified. By performing molding using a mold, a highly accurate reticle can be easily manufactured. Further, according to molding using a resin material, a reticle can be manufactured with high productivity and at low cost.

  Further, in the reticle 30D, in addition to the reticle pattern 32, a reflecting portion 37 that reflects illumination light is integrally formed by molding. Therefore, in the past, a focusing plate that is a composite structure of a glass reticle portion on which a reticle pattern is formed and a resin optical member on which a reflection portion is formed, and both of which have to be manufactured and assembled, is used. The reticle 30D having this configuration can be integrally formed by a single molding process. Accordingly, a reticle having a pointer function that has been relatively expensive in the past can be provided at a low price.

  In addition, although the structure which provided the convex part 33, the recessed part 34, etc. only in the pattern formation surface 31a was illustrated, you may form a convex part and / or a recessed part in the pattern formation surface 31a side and the opposing surface 31b side. In addition, the inclination angle of the inclined surface 140 such as the ridge 133 and the V-groove 134 is exemplified by a configuration in which the inclination angles of the two inclined surfaces 140 and 140 constituting the ridge 133 are the same, but the optical axis Z of the rifle scope. Depending on the formation position of the pattern line with respect to the two, the inclination angles of the two inclined surfaces 140 and 140 may be different. Further, one of the surfaces constituting the ridge 133, the V groove 134, etc. may be an inclined surface and the other may be a surface parallel to the optical axis Z.

  In addition, although the mode in which the light incident on the ridge 133, the V-groove 134, etc. is refracted and deflected is exemplified, the light incident on the ridge 133, the V-groove 134, etc. may be reflected and deflected. Alternatively, it may be configured to deflect by combining reflection and refraction.

  In the embodiment, the rifle scope RS has been described as an optical device including the reticle 30 (30A, 30B, 30C, 30D). However, the rifle scope is an example of an optical device that uses the reticle according to the embodiment. It can be applied to various optical devices such as telescopes such as field scopes and binoculars, surveying instruments such as rangefinders and transits, medical scopes such as eye examination devices and fiberscopes, and various microscopes.

RS rifle scope (optical equipment)
Z Optical axis of rifle scope (optical axis of observation optical path)
1 the objective lens 3 reticle unit 4 eyepiece 30 reticle 30A reticle of the first embodiment (30A _1, 30A _2, 30A ₃₎
30B Reticle of second embodiment (30B ₁ , 30B ₂ , 30B ₃ , 30B ₄ , 30B ₅ )
30C Reticle 30D of Third Embodiment Reticle 31 of Reticle Unit of Fifth Embodiment Optical Member 31a Pattern Formation Surface (One Surface of Optical Member)
31b Opposing surface (the other surface of the optical member)
32 Reticle pattern (pattern)
32a Thin linear pattern (linear partial pattern)
32b Thick linear pattern (linear partial pattern)
32c Annular pattern (curved partial pattern)
32d cross pattern (linear partial pattern)
32e Character pattern 33a, 33b Convex part 34a, 34b Concave part 35a, 35b Concave part 37 Reflecting part 37c Reflecting surface 38 Light source 39 Condensing part 133 Convex stripe 134 V groove (groove)
135a, 135b, 135c, 135d Conical structure 136 Square pyramid structure 140 Inclined surface 141 Conical structure base 143 Square pyramid structure base 145 Transmission surface

Claims (32)

A reticle that is arranged at an image position of the objective lens in an observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and in which a pattern serving as an index is formed when an observer visually recognizes an observation target,
The pattern includes a convex portion and / or a concave portion provided on at least one surface of a plate-like optical member,
The convex part and the concave part are each constituted by a plurality of structures.
Each of the structures has a refracting surface that refracts light incident from the objective lens,
The inclination of each refracting surface in the plurality of structures is obtained by refracting light incident from the objective lens side out of the observation optical path as a dark pattern in which the image of the pattern is superimposed on the image of the observation target. A reticle configured to be viewed by an observer. The structure is cone-shaped,
The reticle according to claim 1, wherein the refractive surface is a cone surface.   The reticle according to claim 1, wherein the structure is formed to protrude from the at least one surface.   The reticle according to claim 1, wherein the structure is formed to be recessed in the at least one surface.   The reticle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the convex portion and the concave portion are configured by a plurality of the structures having different refractive surface heights. The refractive surface is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path,
An inclination angle of the inclined surface with respect to the optical axis is equal to or less than a first predetermined angle at which light refracted by being incident on the inclined surface through the observation optical path can be directly incident on the eyepiece. The reticle according to any one of claims 1 to 5. The refractive surface is an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path,
The inclination angle of the inclined surface with respect to the optical axis is equal to or greater than a second predetermined angle at which light refracted by being incident on the inclined surface through the observation optical path can enter another inclined surface facing the inclined surface. The reticle according to claim 6, wherein:   The reticle according to claim 6 or 7, wherein an inclination angle of the inclined surface with respect to the optical axis is not less than 21 ° and not more than 70 °.   The transmission surface which permeate | transmits so that the said observer can visually recognize the light which injected from the said observation object side was provided in the top part of the said cone, The Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Reticle. The reticle according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and a reticle in which a reflecting portion having at least a part of a constituent surface as a reflecting surface is formed on any one surface of the optical member;
A light source disposed on the side of the reflecting portion to emit light;
A condensing part disposed between the light source and the reflecting part and condensing the light emitted from the light source and guiding it to the reflecting surface;
The light emitted from the light source, condensed by the condensing unit, and reflected by the reflecting surface is emitted from the other surface of the optical member so that it can be visually recognized together with the image of the pattern. Reticle unit. The pattern has at least two lines intersecting an extension line;
The reflection portion is provided at an intersection of the two lines including the extension line,
The reticle unit according to claim 10, wherein the condensing unit guides the light emitted from the light source to the reflecting surface from an angular position sandwiched between the two lines. The pattern has at least two lines whose extension lines intersect at right angles at the center of the optical member;
The reflecting portion is provided at the center of the optical member,
The reticle unit according to claim 10, wherein the condensing unit guides light emitted from the light source to the reflecting surface from an angular position of approximately 45 ° with respect to the two lines. An objective lens;
10. The image according to claim 1, wherein a surface provided with the convex portion and / or a concave portion is arranged at a position substantially conjugate with the image of the observation target formed by the objective lens. Or a reticle unit according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
An eyepiece for observing the image of the observation object and the image of the pattern formed by the convex part and / or the concave part,
An optical apparatus comprising: An objective lens;
10. The image according to claim 1, wherein a surface provided with the convex portion and / or a concave portion is arranged at a position substantially conjugate with the image of the observation target formed by the objective lens. Or a reticle unit according to any one of claims 10 to 12,
An eyepiece for observing the image of the observation object and the image of the pattern formed by the convex part and / or the concave part,
Rifle scope characterized by having. The method for producing a reticle according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
Performing metal plating on the mold surface;
Forming a microscopic structure corresponding to the structure on the metal-plated mold surface to form the convex portion and / or the concave portion;
Setting the mold formed with the convex part and / or concave part on a molding machine and molding a reticle;
A method for producing a reticle, comprising: The method for producing a reticle according to claim 15 further includes:
Providing an antireflection film on each surface constituting the structure; A reticle that is arranged at an image position of the objective lens in an observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and in which a pattern serving as an index is formed when an observer visually recognizes an observation target,
The pattern includes a convex portion and / or a concave portion provided on at least one surface of a plate-like optical member,
Each of the convex portion and the concave portion is constituted by a plurality of structures.
The pattern has a partial pattern composed of the plurality of structures,
Each of the structures forming the partial pattern has a convex or concave cone shape having an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path, and the inclined surface, which is a cone surface, is formed from the objective lens. A reticle configured to refract incident light out of an optical path of the eyepiece. The partial pattern is a curved partial pattern,
The reticle according to claim 17, wherein each of the structures forming the curved partial pattern is conical, and the inclined surface that is a cone surface is a conical surface. The curved partial pattern is an annular shape formed by concentrically arranging a plurality of the conical structures, and the arrangement pitch of the conical structures forming the outside of the concentric circles is The reticle according to claim 18, wherein the reticle is smaller than an arrangement pitch of the conical structures forming an inner side of a concentric circle. The reticle according to claim 18 or 19, wherein the conical structure forming the curved partial pattern has a convex shape. A reticle that is arranged at an image position of the objective lens in an observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and in which a pattern serving as an index is formed when an observer visually recognizes an observation target,
The pattern includes a convex portion and / or a concave portion provided on at least one surface of a plate-like optical member,
Each of the convex portion and the concave portion is constituted by a plurality of structures.
The pattern has a linear partial pattern and a curved partial pattern each constituted by the plurality of structures,
Each of the structures forming the linear partial pattern has an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the linear partial pattern extends. A convex or concave straight line parallel to the direction in which the pattern extends, and the inclined surface which is the convex or concave side surface refracts light incident from the objective lens out of the observation optical path,
Each of the structures forming the curved partial pattern has a convex or concave cone shape having an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the observation optical path, and the inclined surface which is a cone surface is A reticle configured to refract light incident from an objective lens out of the observation optical path. The reticle according to claim 21, wherein each of the structures forming the curved partial pattern has a conical shape, and the inclined surface which is a cone surface is a conical surface. The curved partial pattern is an annular shape formed by concentrically arranging a plurality of the conical structures, and the arrangement pitch of the conical structures forming the outside of the concentric circles is The reticle according to claim 22, wherein the reticle is smaller than an arrangement pitch of the conical structures forming an inner side of a concentric circle. The reticle according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the conical structure forming the curved partial pattern has a convex shape. An objective lens that forms an image of the target object;
An eyepiece for observing an image of a target object by the objective lens;
A plate-like pattern that is disposed at the image position of the objective lens in the observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and has a pattern that serves as an index when the observer visually recognizes the observation target through the eyepiece lens. An optical apparatus comprising the reticle according to any one of claims 17 to 24 having an optical member. An objective lens that forms an image of the target object;
An eyepiece for observing an image of a target object by the objective lens;
A plate-like pattern that is disposed at the image position of the objective lens in the observation optical path between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens, and has a pattern that serves as an index when the observer visually recognizes the observation target through the eyepiece lens. A riflescope comprising the reticle according to any one of claims 17 to 24, which has an optical member. A rifle scope reticle in which a pattern that serves as an indicator when an observer visually recognizes an observation target includes:
A plate-like optical member having two transparent surfaces,
A first pattern and a second pattern formed on the transmission surface;
The first pattern and the second pattern are each formed by a plurality of structures having inclined surfaces inclined with respect to the transmission surface,
The inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface with respect to the optical axis of the rifle scope satisfies the following conditions;
21 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 70 °. The rifle scope reticle according to claim 27, wherein the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface further satisfies the following condition;
21 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 58 °. The reticle for a riflescope according to claim 28, wherein the inclination angle α / 2 of the inclined surface further satisfies the following condition;
26 ° ≦ α / 2 ≦ 42 °. The first pattern is a linear pattern, the second pattern is a curved pattern,
The individual structures that form the first pattern and the individual structures that form the second pattern have the same shape, and have a convex or concave cone shape having the inclined surface with a common shape. 30. The rifle scope reticle according to any one of claims 27 to 29. The first pattern is a linear pattern, the second pattern is a curved pattern,
30. Each of the structures forming the first pattern and each of the structures forming the second pattern has the inclined surfaces having different shapes. A reticle for the rifle scope described in 1. Each of the structures forming the linear first pattern has an inclined surface that is inclined with respect to the optical axis of the rifle scope in a cross section perpendicular to the linear pattern. Is a convex or concave straight line parallel to the direction in which
32. Each of the structures forming the curved second pattern is a convex or concave cone shape having an inclined surface inclined with respect to the optical axis of the rifle scope. A reticle for the rifle scope described in 1.