JP2019170335A - Intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition - Google Patents
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本発明は、フコースを有効成分として含有する腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to an intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition containing fucose as an active ingredient.
短鎖脂肪酸（ＳＣＦＡ）は、腸内細菌が作る有機酸のことで、ヒトの健康維持に欠かせない役割を果たしている。ヒトの場合、酢酸、プロピオン酸、及び酪酸の３種が代表的なＳＣＦＡであり、ヒト大腸で腸内細菌により作られ、大腸の粘膜上皮から吸収される。酪酸は大腸上皮細胞のエネルギー源として、酢酸とプロピオン酸は主に肝臓や筋肉で代謝利用される。 Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are organic acids produced by enteric bacteria and play an essential role in maintaining human health. In the case of humans, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid are representative SCFAs, which are produced by enteric bacteria in the human large intestine and absorbed from the mucosal epithelium of the large intestine. Butyric acid is used as an energy source for colonic epithelial cells, and acetic acid and propionic acid are metabolized mainly in the liver and muscles.
ＳＣＦＡは、腸内のｐＨを低下させることで病原性微生物が生育しにくい環境となり腸内細菌叢のバランスを整える、更に、腸管上皮のバリア機能を強化し、感染防御の手助けとなる（非特許文献１）、腸管を刺激して腸の蠕動運動を高めて便通を促す（非特許文献２）等の効果が知られている。 SCFA lowers the pH in the intestine, making it difficult for pathogenic microorganisms to grow and balancing the gut microbiota, further strengthening the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium and helping to prevent infection (non-patented) Documents 1), effects such as stimulating the intestinal tract to enhance intestinal peristalsis and promoting bowel movement (Non-Patent Document 2) are known.
このようなＳＣＦＡの生成を誘導する発明として、下記特許文献１には、腸内から分離される細菌の死菌体を有効成分として含有する腸内酪酸生成促進剤が開示され、これを配合した餌をブタに与えた場合、その盲腸内の酪酸濃度が増加することが記載されている。 As an invention for inducing the production of such SCFA, the following Patent Document 1 discloses an intestinal butyric acid production accelerator containing, as an active ingredient, dead bacteria of bacteria separated from the intestine. It is described that when feed is given to pigs, the concentration of butyric acid in the cecum increases.
しかしながら、特許文献１では、盲腸内ＳＣＦＡのうち、酪酸の濃度の増加が確認されているが、酢酸とプロピオン酸についての増加は確認されていない。 However, in Patent Document 1, an increase in the concentration of butyric acid in the cecal SCFA has been confirmed, but an increase in acetic acid and propionic acid has not been confirmed.
従って、本発明の目的は、腸内短鎖脂肪酸を効果的に増加させることができる腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物、及び、腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進作用を有する飲食品、機能性食品、医薬品、並びに動物飼料を提供することにある。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition capable of effectively increasing intestinal short-chain fatty acid, and a food and drink and a functional food having an intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting action. Providing pharmaceuticals and animal feed.
本発明者らは、上記の課題に対して鋭意研究を重ねた結果、フコースには、腸内短鎖脂肪酸の生成を促進させる作用効果があることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies on the above problems, the present inventors have found that fucose has an effect of promoting the production of intestinal short-chain fatty acids, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明の一つは、フコースを有効成分として含有することを特徴とする腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物を提供するものである。 That is, one of the present invention is to provide an intestinal short chain fatty acid production promoting composition characterized by containing fucose as an active ingredient.
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、腸内のプロピオン酸、及び／又は酢酸の濃度を上昇させるものであることが好ましい。 The intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention preferably increases the concentration of propionic acid and / or acetic acid in the intestine.
また、本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、腸内細菌叢を改善するために用いられることが好ましい。 Moreover, it is preferable that the intestinal short chain fatty acid production promotion composition of this invention is used in order to improve intestinal microflora.
さらに、本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、飲食品、機能性食品、医薬品、及び動物飼料から選ばれたものであることが好ましい。 Furthermore, the intestinal short chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention is preferably selected from foods and drinks, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and animal feeds.
本発明によれば、フコースには腸内のＳＣＦＡの生成を促進する作用効果があるので、ＳＣＦＡによる効果を効率的に発現させることができる。具体的には、腸内のｐＨを低下させ、病原性微生物が生育しにくい環境を作ることで、腸内細菌叢のバランスを整えることができる。 According to the present invention, fucose has the effect of promoting the production of SCFA in the intestine, so that the effect of SCFA can be efficiently expressed. Specifically, the intestinal bacterial flora can be balanced by reducing the pH in the intestine and creating an environment in which pathogenic microorganisms are difficult to grow.
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、フコース（ｆｕｃｏｓｅ）を有効成分として含有する。この場合、フコースの含有量は、０．０００１〜１００質量％が好ましく、０．０００５〜７０質量％がより好ましく、０．００１〜５０質量％が更により好ましい。フコースの含有量が０．０００１質量％未満では、ヒトや動物に投与した際の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進作用が低減する傾向がある。 The intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention contains fucose as an active ingredient. In this case, the content of fucose is preferably 0.0001 to 100% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 70% by mass, and still more preferably 0.001 to 50% by mass. When the content of fucose is less than 0.0001% by mass, the intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting action when administered to humans or animals tends to be reduced.
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、フコースを有効成分として含有するものであればよく、本発明の目的を損なわない限り、他の成分を含有することに特に制限はない。例えば、賦形剤、崩壊剤、結合剤、滑沢剤、コーティング剤、着色剤、発色剤、矯味剤、着香剤、酸化防止剤、防腐剤、呈味剤、酸味剤、甘味剤、強化剤、ビタミン剤、膨張剤、増粘剤、界面活性剤等を添加することができる。 The intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention only needs to contain fucose as an active ingredient, and there is no particular limitation on containing other ingredients unless the object of the present invention is impaired. For example, excipients, disintegrants, binders, lubricants, coating agents, colorants, color formers, flavoring agents, flavoring agents, antioxidants, preservatives, flavoring agents, sour agents, sweeteners, strengthening Agents, vitamins, swelling agents, thickeners, surfactants and the like can be added.
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物を投与する対象はヒトだけでなく、動物も含めることができる。投与量としては、投与形態、適用するヒト又は動物の健康状態や疾患の状態、目的等に応じて適宜設定すればよく、特に制限はないが、典型的に経口投与する場合には、フコース換算で、成人１日当りおよそ０．１〜２０，０００ｍｇであることが好ましく、０．１〜１０，０００ｍｇであることがより好ましい。 The subject to which the intestinal short chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention is administered can include not only humans but also animals. The dosage may be appropriately set according to the administration form, the health condition of the human or animal to be applied, the condition of the disease, the purpose, etc., and is not particularly limited. Thus, it is preferably about 0.1 to 20,000 mg per adult day, more preferably 0.1 to 10,000 mg.
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物の投与形態は、特に限定されないが、経口投与組成物であることが好ましい。製品形態は、特に限定されない。経口投与組成物である場合の製品形態の例としては、フコースをそのまま用いてもよく、必要に応じて、液状（液剤）、シロップ状（シロップ剤）、粉末状（顆粒、細粒）、錠剤（錠剤、タブレット）、カプセル状（カプセル剤）、ソフトカプセル状（ソフトカプセル剤）、固形状、半液体状、クリーム状、ペースト状等の形態にしてもよい。 The administration form of the composition for promoting intestinal short chain fatty acid production of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably an oral administration composition. The product form is not particularly limited. As an example of a product form in the case of an orally administered composition, fucose may be used as it is, and if necessary, liquid (liquid), syrup (syrup), powder (granule, fine granule), tablet (Tablets, tablets), capsules (capsules), soft capsules (soft capsules), solids, semi-liquids, creams, pastes, etc.
上記、本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物を摂取することで、腸内の短鎖脂肪酸（ＳＣＦＡ：Short-chain fatty acid）の生成が促進される。 By ingesting the composition for promoting the production of intestinal short-chain fatty acids of the present invention, the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the intestines is promoted.
短鎖脂肪酸は、具体的には酢酸、プロピオン酸、イソ酪酸、酪酸、イソ吉草酸、吉草酸、カプロン酸、乳酸、及びコハク酸のことを指す。本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物においては、プロピオン酸、及び／又酢酸の生成が促進されることで、プロピオン酸、及び／又酢酸の濃度を上昇させることが好ましい。 Short chain fatty acids specifically refer to acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, lactic acid, and succinic acid. In the intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention, it is preferable to increase the concentration of propionic acid and / or acetic acid by promoting the production of propionic acid and / or acetic acid.
腸内のＳＣＦＡの生成が促進されることで、腸内のｐＨが低下し、病原性微生物が生育しにくい環境となるで、腸内細菌叢のバランスが整うという効果を奏する。また、腸管上皮のバリア機能が強化され、感染防御の手助けとなる効果（Fukuda S, Toh H, Hase K, et al: Nature. 2011; 469: 543-7）、腸管を刺激して腸の蠕動運動を高めて便通を促す効果（日本家政学会誌 Vol. 44, 4245-254（1993)）、低ｐＨ域に適応性の高いBifidobacteriumが増加することで、花粉症等アレルギー症状の緩和や、乳幼児に多いロタウイルスによる感染性腸炎を抑制する効果（澱粉科学 第37巻, 第3号, 123-127（1990））を奏する。 By promoting the production of SCFA in the intestine, the pH in the intestine is lowered, and an environment in which pathogenic microorganisms are difficult to grow is produced. In addition, the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium is strengthened and helps to prevent infection (Fukuda S, Toh H, Hase K, et al: Nature. 2011; 469: 543-7). Increases exercise and promotes bowel movement (Journal of Japanese Society for Home Economics Vol. 44, 4245-254 (1993)). Increased Bifidobacterium, which is highly adaptable to low pH range, alleviates allergic symptoms such as hay fever and helps infants It suppresses infectious enteritis caused by many rotaviruses (Starch Science Vol. 37, No. 3, 123-127 (1990)).
さらには、腸内のプロピオン酸の生成が促進されることで、腸管のＬ細胞からＧＬＰ−1やＰＹＹのような腸管ホルモンを分泌され、それらのホルモンが脳に作用して食欲を抑えたり、満腹感を持続させて過食を防ぐという効果（Hua V. Lin, et al. (2012). PLoS One 7 (4)）、ＳＣＦＡ受容体ＧＰＲ４１が活性化され、過剰エネルギーを認識することで、エネルギー消費を高めるという効果、脂肪組織に豊富に存在するＳＣＦＡ受容体ＧＰＲ４３が活性化し、インスリン作用を選択的に抑制することで、脂肪蓄積を抑制する効果（化学と生物 Vol. 53, No. 4, 2015 202-204）、胸腺由来のＴｒｅｇ細胞（ｔＴｒｅｇ）に作用し，腸管粘膜でのｔＴｒｅｇの維持に寄与することで大腸炎を抑制する効果（同）を奏する。 Furthermore, by promoting the production of propionic acid in the intestine, intestinal L-cells secrete intestinal hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY, and these hormones act on the brain to suppress appetite, The effect of preventing overeating by maintaining a feeling of satiety (Hua V. Lin, et al. (2012). PLoS One 7 (4)), SCFA receptor GPR41 is activated, and by recognizing excess energy, energy The effect of increasing consumption, the effect of suppressing fat accumulation by activating the SCFA receptor GPR43 abundant in adipose tissue and selectively suppressing insulin action (Chemistry and Biology Vol. 53, No. 4, 2015 202-204), acts on thymus-derived Treg cells (tTreg) and contributes to the maintenance of tTreg in the intestinal mucosa, thereby suppressing colitis (same as above).
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、腸内細菌叢を改善するために用いられることが好ましい。より具体的には、例えば、「おなかの調子を整える」、「腸内環境を改善する／整える」、「腸内環境を良好にする／良好に保つ」、「腸の調子を改善する／整える」、「腸内フローラ（腸内細菌叢）の菌のバランスを改善する／整える」、「腸内フローラ（腸内細菌叢）を良好にする／良好に保つ」、等の効果を期待して用いることが出来る。 The intestinal short-chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention is preferably used for improving the intestinal bacterial flora. More specifically, for example, “conditioning the stomach”, “improving / conditioning the intestinal environment”, “making the intestinal environment good / maintaining well”, “improving / conditioning the intestinal condition” ”,“ Improves / adjusts the balance of bacteria in the intestinal flora (intestinal flora) ”,“ improves / maintains the intestinal flora (intestinal flora) in good condition ”, etc. Can be used.
本発明の腸内短鎖脂肪酸生成促進組成物は、例えば飲食品、機能性食品、医薬品、及び動物飼料等の製品自体あるいはその原料として使用することができる。 The intestinal short chain fatty acid production promoting composition of the present invention can be used, for example, as a product itself or a raw material thereof such as foods and drinks, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and animal feeds.
飲食品としては、例えば、（１）清涼飲料、炭酸飲料、果実飲料、野菜ジュース、乳酸菌飲料、乳飲料、豆乳、ミネラルウォーター、茶系飲料、コーヒー飲料、スポーツ飲料、アルコール飲料、ゼリー飲料等の飲料類、（２）トマトピューレ、キノコ缶詰、乾燥野菜、漬物等の野菜加工品、（３）乾燥果実、ジャム、フルーツピューレ、果実缶詰等の果実加工品、（４）カレー粉、わさび、ショウガ、スパイスブレンド、シーズニング粉等の香辛料、（５）パスタ、うどん、そば、ラーメン、マカロニ等の麺類（生麺、乾燥麺含む）、（６）食パン、菓子パン、調理パン、ドーナツ等のパン類、（７）アルファー化米、オートミール、麩、バッター粉等、（８）焼菓子、ビスケット、米菓子、キャンデー、チョコレート、チューイングガム、スナック菓子、冷菓、砂糖漬け菓子、和生菓子、洋生菓子、半生菓子、プリン、アイスクリーム等の菓子類、（９）小豆、豆腐、納豆、きな粉、湯葉、煮豆、ピーナッツ等の豆類製品、（１０）蜂蜜、ローヤルゼリー加工食品、（１１）ハム、ソーセージ、ベーコン等の肉製品、（１２）ヨーグルト、プリン、練乳、チーズ、発酵乳、バター、アイスクリーム等の酪農製品、（１３）加工卵製品、（１４）干物、蒲鉾、ちくわ、魚肉ソーセージ等の加工魚や、乾燥わかめ、昆布、佃煮等の加工海藻や、タラコ、数の子、イクラ、からすみ等の加工魚卵、（１５）だしの素、醤油、酢、みりん、コンソメベース、中華ベース、濃縮出汁、ドレッシング、マヨネーズ、ケチャップ、味噌等の調味料や、サラダ油、ゴマ油、リノール油、ジアシルグリセロール、べにばな油等の食用油脂、（１６）スープ（粉末、液体含む）等の調理、半調理食品や、惣菜、レトルト食品、チルド食品、半調理食品（例えば、炊き込みご飯の素、カニ玉の素）等が挙げられる。 Examples of foods and beverages include (1) soft drinks, carbonated drinks, fruit drinks, vegetable juices, lactic acid bacteria drinks, milk drinks, soy milk, mineral water, tea-based drinks, coffee drinks, sports drinks, alcoholic drinks, jelly drinks, etc. Beverages, (2) Vegetable processed products such as tomato puree, canned mushrooms, dried vegetables, pickles, (3) Fruit processed products such as dried fruits, jam, fruit puree, canned fruits, (4) Curry powder, wasabi, ginger , Spices such as spice blends, seasoning powders, (5) noodles (including raw noodles and dried noodles) such as pasta, udon, soba, ramen, macaroni, (6) breads such as bread, confectionery bread, cooking bread, donuts, (7) Alpha rice, oatmeal, rice cake, batter powder, etc. (8) Baked confectionery, biscuits, rice confectionery, candy, chocolate, chewing gum, Nack confectionery, frozen confectionery, candied confectionery, Japanese confectionery, Western confectionery, half confectionery, pudding, ice cream confectionery, etc. ) Honey, royal jelly processed food, (11) meat products such as ham, sausage, bacon, (12) dairy products such as yogurt, pudding, condensed milk, cheese, fermented milk, butter, ice cream, (13) processed egg products, (14) Processed fish such as dried fish, sea bream, chikuwa, fish sausage, processed seaweed such as dried seaweed, kelp, and boiled fish, processed fish eggs such as octopus, scallops, salmon roe, and sea bream. Condiments such as vinegar, mirin, consomme base, Chinese base, concentrated soup stock, dressing, mayonnaise, ketchup, miso, salad oil, sesame oil, linoleic oil, diacylgo Cooking oils and fats such as cerol and beef oil, (16) cooking soup (including powder and liquid), half-cooked foods, side dishes, retort foods, chilled foods, semi-cooked foods (eg, cooked rice, Crab ball element).
機能性食品としては、例えば、健康食品、健康ドリンク、サプリメント、栄養補助食品、保健機能食品、特定保健用食品、機能性表示許可食品、食品添加用素材等が挙げられる。これらの製品形態は、特に限定されないが、例えば、錠剤、カプセル、顆粒剤、粉末、液体として製品化することができる。 Examples of functional foods include health foods, health drinks, supplements, dietary supplements, health functional foods, foods for specified health use, foods for which functional indications are permitted, and food additive materials. Although these product forms are not specifically limited, For example, it can be commercialized as a tablet, a capsule, a granule, a powder, and a liquid.
動物飼料が対象とする動物としては、イヌ、ネコ、トリ等のペット類や、ウシ、ブタ、ニワトリ、ウマ、ヒツジ、ヤギ等の家畜類や、マグロ、ハマチ、ウナギ、タイ、フグ等の養魚類等が挙げられる。この場合には、上記の他の成分の他、例えば、穀粉、糖、塩、油脂、ビタミン、アミノ酸、ポリフェノール類、核酸類、動物蛋白、植物蛋白、肉エキス、魚エキス、酵母エキス、呈味剤、色素、乳酸菌、抗生物質、ホルモン等を添加することができる。 Animals that can be used for animal feed include pets such as dogs, cats and birds, livestock such as cattle, pigs, chickens, horses, sheep and goats, and fish farms such as tuna, hamachi, eel, Thailand and pufferfish. And the like. In this case, in addition to the above-mentioned other components, for example, flour, sugar, salt, fats and oils, vitamins, amino acids, polyphenols, nucleic acids, animal protein, plant protein, meat extract, fish extract, yeast extract, taste Agents, pigments, lactic acid bacteria, antibiotics, hormones, etc. can be added.
以下、実施例を含む試験例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、これらの実施例は本発明を何ら限定するものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to test examples including examples, but these examples do not limit the present invention.
＜１．盲腸内容物の解析＞
１．被験材料
フコースとして、Ｌ−フコース（焼津水産化学工業株式会社製、海藻由来、純度９８％以上）を用いた。
<1. Analysis of caecum contents>
1. Test material L-fucose (manufactured by Yaizu Suisan Chemical Co., Ltd., seaweed derived, purity 98% or more) was used as fucose.
２．試験飼料
市販の動物用飼料（商品名「ＡＩＮ−７６」、オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製）を対照群飼料とした（表１）。対照群飼料中のコーンスターチと置き換えでフコースを１質量％添加した飼料をフコース群飼料とした。
2. Test feed A commercially available animal feed (trade name “AIN-76”, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) was used as a control group feed (Table 1). A feed to which 1% by mass of fucose was added in place of corn starch in the control group feed was used as the fucose group feed.
３．動物試験
６週齢のＷｉｓｔａｒ系雄ラット(日本ＳＬＣ)１２匹を、室温２３±２℃、相対湿度４５〜５５％で１２時間の明暗周期（７：００に点灯）の条件下、ステンレス製ケージ内で個別飼育した。試験に用いたラットは搬入後、対照群飼料で３日間予備飼育をした後、試験に供した。試験開始時に、ラットの体重を基準に２群に振り分け、対照群飼料又はフコース群飼料と水道水を２週間自由摂取させた。投与最終日に解剖を行い、盲腸を摘出した。盲腸は、内容物を採取し有機酸分析、内容物重量測定、及びｐＨ測定に供した。
3. Animal test 12 6-week-old Wistar male rats (Japan SLC) were placed in a stainless steel cage under conditions of room temperature 23 ± 2 ° C and relative humidity 45-55% for 12 hours light-dark cycle (lights on at 7:00). Individual breeding within. The rats used in the test were preliminarily raised on the control group feed for 3 days after being brought in, and then subjected to the test. At the start of the test, rats were divided into two groups based on the body weight of the rats, and the control group feed or the fucose group feed and tap water were freely given for two weeks. On the last day of administration, dissection was performed and the cecum was removed. For the cecum, the contents were collected and subjected to organic acid analysis, content weight measurement, and pH measurement.
４．盲腸内容物の有機酸分析
盲腸内容物の水溶性画分から有機酸を抽出し，電気伝導度検出ＨＰＬＣを用いて内部標準法により分析した。
4). Organic acid analysis of cecal contents Organic acids were extracted from the water-soluble fraction of cecal contents and analyzed by internal standard method using HPLC with conductivity detection.
５．結果
表２に示すように、盲腸内容物重量は、対照群に比べフコース群で有意に増加し、盲腸内容物ｐＨは、対照群に比べフコース群で有意に低下した。
5. Results As shown in Table 2, the cecal content weight was significantly increased in the fucose group compared to the control group, and the cecal content pH was significantly decreased in the fucose group as compared to the control group.
表３に示すように、酢酸量及びプロピオン酸量は、対照群に比べフコース群で有意に増加した。また、短鎖脂肪酸量及び総有機酸量も、同様に増加した。このことから、フコース群では酢酸及びプロピオン酸が選択的に増加されることがわかった。 As shown in Table 3, the amount of acetic acid and the amount of propionic acid were significantly increased in the fucose group as compared to the control group. Moreover, the amount of short chain fatty acids and the total amount of organic acids also increased. From this, it was found that acetic acid and propionic acid are selectively increased in the fucose group.
＜２．腸内細菌叢の解析（１６Ｓメタゲノム解析）＞
上記「３．試験動物」で得られたラットの試験飼料投与終了時の糞便から細菌のＤＮＡを抽出した。これを、１６Ｓ ｒＲＮＡ遺ｓ伝子領域（Ｖ３−Ｖ４領域）をＰＣＲにて増幅したのち、シーケンスを行った。
<2. Analysis of intestinal flora (16S metagenomic analysis)>
Bacterial DNA was extracted from the feces at the end of administration of the test feed of the rats obtained in “3. Test animals”. The 16S rRNA gene region (V3-V4 region) was amplified by PCR and sequenced.
得られた配列を用いて、１６Ｓ ｒＲＮＡデータベースに対する相同性検索及び系統分析解析を実施し、細菌種の同定を実施した。 Using the obtained sequence, homology search and phylogenetic analysis for 16S rRNA database were performed, and bacterial species were identified.
Claims (4)
The composition for promoting intestinal short-chain fatty acid production according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is selected from foods and drinks, functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and animal feeds.
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| CN115176932A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-14 | 华南师范大学 | Feed additive for protecting intestinal tracts of micropterus salmoides and application thereof |
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