JP2019154395A - Rearing device for aquatic animal - Google Patents
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- JP2019154395A JP2019154395A JP2018049441A JP2018049441A JP2019154395A JP 2019154395 A JP2019154395 A JP 2019154395A JP 2018049441 A JP2018049441 A JP 2018049441A JP 2018049441 A JP2018049441 A JP 2018049441A JP 2019154395 A JP2019154395 A JP 2019154395A
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- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title abstract 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 197
- 241000243252 Hydra viridissima Species 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 241000195628 Chlorophyta Species 0.000 description 18
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000276427 Poecilia reticulata Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000243251 Hydra Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000011681 asexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013465 asexual reproduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000242757 Anthozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192700 Cyanobacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238578 Daphnia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000037062 Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035587 bioadhesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014639 sexual reproduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は藻類を除去して水槽内をクリーニングできる水棲生物の飼育装置、およびその関連技術に関する。 The present invention relates to an aquatic organism rearing apparatus capable of removing algae and cleaning the inside of an aquarium, and a related technique.
観賞魚用水槽内に珪藻、緑藻、藍藻等の藻類が発生すると、壁面に付着して水槽を汚し、水を濁らせる。濁った水は水換えをし、壁面に付着した藻類はブラシやスクレーパで掻き落としている（非特許文献１、２、３参照）。 When algae such as diatoms, green algae, and blue-green algae are generated in the aquarium fish tank, they adhere to the wall surface, contaminating the tank and making the water cloudy. The turbid water is replaced with water, and the algae attached to the wall surface is scraped off with a brush or a scraper (see Non-Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
水槽の水換えや壁面掃除は力と手間のかかる作業であるため、良い飼育環境および鑑賞環境を現状よりも簡単な方法で維持できる方法が求められている。 Since changing the water tank and cleaning the wall are laborious and time-consuming tasks, there is a need for a method that can maintain a good breeding environment and a viewing environment in a simpler manner than the current situation.
本発明は、グリーンヒドラを飼育する水槽には藻類が付着しないことに着目して完成したものである。即ち、本発明は下記［１］〜［６］に記載の構成を有する。 The present invention has been completed by paying attention to the fact that algae do not adhere to a water tank for breeding green hydra. That is, this invention has the structure as described in following [1]-[6].
［１］水棲生物を飼育する主水槽と、グリーンヒドラを飼育する副水槽と、前記副水槽内の水のみを主水槽に供給する供給手段とを備えていることを特徴とする水棲生物の飼育装置。 [1] Breeding of aquatic organisms, comprising a main aquarium for breeding aquatic organisms, a secondary aquarium for raising green hydra, and a supply means for supplying only the water in the auxiliary aquarium to the main aquarium apparatus.
［２］前記副水槽がグリーンヒドラを通さず水を通す通水性素材からなり、主水槽の水中に設置されている前項１に記載の水棲生物の飼育装置。 [2] The apparatus for raising aquatic organisms according to item 1 above, wherein the secondary water tank is made of a water-permeable material that allows water to pass through without passing through the green hydra, and is installed in the water of the main water tank.
［３］前記副水槽が主水槽の外に設置されている前項１に記載の水棲生物の飼育装置。 [3] The aquatic organism rearing apparatus according to item 1 above, wherein the secondary water tank is installed outside the main water tank.
［４］水中で水棲生物をグリーンヒドラと混合飼育することを特徴とする水棲生物の飼育方法。 [4] A method for raising aquatic organisms, characterized in that the aquatic organisms are reared mixed with green hydra in water.
［５］水中でグリーンヒドラを飼育し、飼育に使用した水を水槽に供給することを特徴とする水槽のクリーニング方法。 [5] A method for cleaning an aquarium, comprising cultivating a green hydra in water and supplying water used for the breeding to the aquarium.
［６］グリーンヒドラの飼育に使用し、グリーンヒドラの分泌物を含有することを特徴とするグリーンヒドラ飼育水。 [6] Green hydra breeding water, which is used for breeding green hydra and contains secretions of green hydra.
上記［１］に記載の水棲生物の飼育装置によれば、副水槽からグリーンヒドラの分泌物を含むグリーンヒドラ飼育水が主水槽に供給され、主水槽の藻類が除去される。従って、主水槽においては、水槽および水槽の水がクリーニングされ、美しい状態が保たれる。 According to the aquatic organism rearing apparatus described in [1] above, green hydra rearing water containing a secretion of green hydra is supplied from the secondary water tank to the main water tank, and algae in the main water tank are removed. Therefore, in the main water tank, the water in the water tank and the water tank are cleaned and a beautiful state is maintained.
また、グリーンヒドラは副水槽で水棲生物から隔離して飼育されているので、グリーンヒドラが水棲生物に捕食されることがない。このため、グリーンヒドラの減数によるクリーニング効果の低下が起こらない。 Moreover, since the green hydra is bred and isolated from the aquatic organisms in the secondary water tank, the green hydra is not preyed on by the aquatic organisms. For this reason, the cleaning effect does not deteriorate due to the reduction of the green hydra.
上記［２］に記載の水棲生物の飼育装置によれば、設備を簡略化できる。 According to the aquatic organism rearing apparatus described in [2] above, the facility can be simplified.
上記［３］に記載の水棲生物の飼育装置によれば、主水槽内がすっきりし、副水槽が水棲生物鑑賞の邪魔をしない。 According to the aquatic organism rearing apparatus described in [3] above, the inside of the main water tank is clean and the auxiliary water tank does not interfere with the appreciation of aquatic life.
上記［４］に記載の水棲生物の飼育方法によれば、水棲生物飼育用水槽にグリーンヒドラを投入するだけで水槽内の藻類を除去できる。 According to the method for raising aquatic organisms described in [4] above, the algae in the aquarium can be removed simply by introducing the green hydra into the aquatic organism rearing aquarium.
上記［５］に記載の水槽のクリーニング方法によれば、水槽内の藻類を除去できる。 According to the water tank cleaning method described in [5] above, algae in the water tank can be removed.
上記［６］に記載のグリーンヒドラ飼育水によれば、藻類を除去できる。 According to the green hydra breeding water described in [6] above, algae can be removed.
本発明は、グリーンヒドラを用いて水槽内に発生した藻類を除去する。 The present invention removes algae generated in a water tank using a green hydra.
グリーンヒドラ（学名Hydra viridisあるいはHydra Viridissima）は、体長１ｍｍ〜数ｍｍの細長い体の先端に円状に並んだ触手を持つ刺胞動物であり、亜熱帯〜温帯地域の浅い池の水草の上などに多く生息する。グリーンヒドラは雌雄同体であり、有性生殖と無性生殖の両方を行う。無性生殖の場合は出芽により増殖する。 Green hydra (scientific name: Hydra viridis or Hydra Viridissima) is a cnidarian with tentacles arranged in a circle at the end of an elongated body with a length of 1 mm to several mm, and is located on a shallow pond in a subtropical to temperate region. Many inhabit. The green hydra is hermaphroditic and performs both sexual and asexual reproduction. In case of asexual reproduction, it grows by budding.
グリーンヒドラは細胞内に緑藻クロレラを共生させているヒドラの一種で、緑色をしており光合成をすることができる。口の周りに生えた６−８本程度の長い触手には刺胞という毒針が付いていて、触手に触れたミジンコなどを麻痺させて餌とする。基底面から粘性物質としてグリカンや糖タンパク質を分泌して、容器等の壁面に固着していると推定されている（Rodrigues et al.,(2016) The cellular basis of bioadhesion of the freshwater polyp Hydra,BMC Zoology,1:3）。また、基底面から水を出すことで壁面から離れると推定されている（Rodrigues et al.,2016）。 Green hydra is a kind of hydra that coexists with the green alga Chlorella in the cell and is green and can synthesize photosynthesis. About 6-8 long tentacles that grow around the mouth have a poisonous needle called a stab, and paralyzes daphnia that touch the tentacles to feed. It is presumed that glycans and glycoproteins are secreted from the basal plane as viscous substances and adhered to the walls of containers (Rodrigues et al., (2016) The cellular basis of bioadhesion of the freshwater polyp Hydra, BMC Zoology, 1: 3). In addition, it is estimated that water will be removed from the basal plane (Rodrigues et al., 2016).
グリーンヒドラによる藻類除去効果はグリーンヒドラの飼育に使用した水によって得られる。即ち、グリーンヒドラを対象となる水槽に入れなくても、グリーンヒドラの飼育に使用した水（以下「グリーンヒドラ飼育水」と略称する）を水槽に供給すれば、その水槽において上記効果が得られる。このことから、グリーンヒドラが藻類を食べるのではなく、グリーンヒドラの分泌物または排泄物に含まれる分泌物が防藻物質として作用し、藻類の増殖を抑制していると推測される。 The algae removal effect by green hydra is obtained by the water used for breeding green hydra. That is, even if the green hydra is not placed in the target aquarium, if the water used for breeding the green hydra (hereinafter abbreviated as “green hydra breeding water”) is supplied to the aquarium, the above effect can be obtained in the aquarium. . From this, it is presumed that the green hydra does not eat algae, but the secretions of the green hydra or the secretions contained in the excreta act as an algae deterrent and suppress the growth of the algae.
以下の説明において、グリーンヒドラ飼育水による藻類除去効果を「グリーンヒドラによるクリーニング効果」あるいは単に「クリーニング効果」と略す場合がある。
［水棲生物の飼育装置］
図１および図２に本発明の水槽のクリーニング方法を実施する水棲生物の飼育装置の２つの例を示す。なお、同一の符号は同一物または同等物を表すものであり、重複する説明を省略する。
In the following description, the algae removal effect by green hydra breeding water may be abbreviated as “cleaning effect by green hydra” or simply “cleaning effect”.
[Aquatic creature rearing equipment]
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show two examples of aquatic organism breeding apparatuses that implement the water tank cleaning method of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol represents the same thing or an equivalent, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
図１の飼育装置１は、水棲生物を飼育する主水槽１１と、グリーンヒドラ２０を飼育する副水槽２１とを備え、２つのポンプ１３、２４と配管１２、１４、２２、２５によって水が主水槽１１と副水槽２１の間を循環している。 The breeding apparatus 1 of FIG. 1 includes a main water tank 11 for breeding aquatic organisms, and a secondary water tank 21 for breeding a green hydra 20, and water is mainly supplied by two pumps 13, 24 and pipes 12, 14, 22, 25. It circulates between the water tank 11 and the auxiliary water tank 21.
前記副水槽２１の取水管２２の取水口に、グリーンヒドラ２０を通さないメッシュフィルター２３が設置されている。従って、ポンプ２４の稼働によって副水槽２１からグリーンヒドラ飼育水のみが吸い上げられ、供給管２５から主水槽１１に供給される。また、主水槽１１の取水管１２からポンプ１３で吸い上げられた水は給水管１４から副水槽２１に供給される。前記取水管２２、ポンプ２４、給水管２５およびメッシュフィルター２３は、本発明における「副水槽内の水のみを主水槽に供給する供給手段」に対応する。 A mesh filter 23 that does not allow the green hydra 20 to pass is installed at the water intake of the water intake pipe 22 of the sub-water tank 21. Therefore, only the green hydra breeding water is sucked up from the sub-water tank 21 by the operation of the pump 24 and supplied from the supply pipe 25 to the main water tank 11. Further, the water sucked up by the pump 13 from the intake pipe 12 of the main water tank 11 is supplied from the water supply pipe 14 to the auxiliary water tank 21. The intake pipe 22, the pump 24, the water supply pipe 25, and the mesh filter 23 correspond to “a supply means for supplying only the water in the auxiliary water tank to the main water tank” in the present invention.
前記主水槽１１には副水槽２１のグリーンヒドラ飼育水が供給されており、主水槽１１においてグリーンヒドラ２０によるクリーニング効果が得られ、藻類が除去されて美しい状態が保たれる。また、副水槽２１内の水は防藻物質を豊富に含むグリーンヒドラ飼育水であるから、副水槽２１においてもクリーニング効果によって美しい状態が保たれる。 The main water tank 11 is supplied with green hydra breeding water from the sub-water tank 21, and a cleaning effect by the green hydra 20 is obtained in the main water tank 11, algae is removed, and a beautiful state is maintained. Moreover, since the water in the secondary water tank 21 is green hydra breeding water containing abundant anti-algae substances, a beautiful state is maintained in the secondary water tank 21 by the cleaning effect.
前記副水槽２１は、管を介さずに主水槽１１の上面や側面に直接取り付けるタイプのものであってもよい。 The sub-water tank 21 may be of a type that is directly attached to the upper surface or side surface of the main water tank 11 without a pipe.
図２の飼育装置２は、主水槽１１内にメッシュ製の容器３１が設置され、この容器３１内でグリーンヒドラ２０が飼育されている。前記メッシュはグリーンヒドラ２０を通さず水を通す通水性素材である。水中ポンプ３２によって主水槽１１内の水が容器３１に送り込まれると、容器３１内のグリーンヒドラ飼育水が押し出されて主水槽１１に供給される。従って、主水槽１１および容器３１内においてグリーンヒドラによるクリーニング効果が得られる。 In the breeding apparatus 2 of FIG. 2, a mesh container 31 is installed in the main water tank 11, and the green hydra 20 is bred in the container 31. The mesh is a water-permeable material that passes water without passing through the green hydra 20. When the water in the main water tank 11 is sent into the container 31 by the submersible pump 32, the green hydra breeding water in the container 31 is pushed out and supplied to the main water tank 11. Therefore, the cleaning effect by the green hydra is obtained in the main water tank 11 and the container 31.
なお、前記水中ポンプ３２および容器３１は本発明における「副水槽内の水のみを主水槽に供給する供給手段」に対応する。前記容器３１は通水性であるから、ポンプ３２なしでも水の流れによって水の出入りがあり、ポンプ３２が無く容器３１のみでも本発明における「副水槽内の水のみを主水槽に供給する供給手段」に対応する。ただし、グリーンヒドラ２０が通過できない程度の細かいメッシュ素材は出入り量が少ないので、ポンプ３２を用いて強制的に容器３１から流出させることが好ましい。また、主水槽１１内にくまなくグリーンヒドラ飼育水を拡散させるためにも強制的に流出させることが好ましい。 The submersible pump 32 and the container 31 correspond to “a supply means for supplying only the water in the auxiliary water tank to the main water tank” in the present invention. Since the container 31 is water-permeable, water can flow in and out by the flow of water even without the pump 32, and “the supply means for supplying only the water in the auxiliary water tank to the main water tank without the pump 32 and only the container 31 in the present invention”. ". However, a fine mesh material that does not allow the green hydra 20 to pass therethrough has a small amount of entry and exit. Further, it is preferable to forcibly flow out the green hydra breeding water throughout the main water tank 11.
前記飼育装置１、２においてはグリーンヒドラ２０と水棲生物を隔離して主水槽１１のクリーニングを行っている。しかし、グリーンヒドラ２０と水棲生物を隔離せず、１つの水槽内で混合飼育した場合でもクリーニング効果は得られる。但し、グリーンヒドラが水棲生物に捕食されて減数するとクリーニング効果が低下するので、グリーンヒドラを隔離して飼育することが好ましい。グリーンヒドラを捕食しない小型魚であれば混合飼育してもクリーニング効果を保つことができる。例えばグッピーはグリーンヒドラを捕食しにくい。混合飼育の場合は、水棲生物飼育用水槽にグリーンヒドラを投入するだけでよく、副水槽やポンプ等の追加設備が不要である。また、水棲植物のみを入れた水槽であれば捕食は起こらないので、水棲生物の水槽にグリーンヒドラを投入する方法が最も簡単なクリーニング方法である。 In the breeding apparatuses 1 and 2, the main water tank 11 is cleaned by isolating the green hydra 20 and the aquatic organisms. However, the cleaning effect can be obtained even when the green hydra 20 and aquatic organisms are not isolated and are reared in a single aquarium. However, since the cleaning effect is reduced when the green hydra is preyed on by aquatic organisms and reduced, it is preferable to isolate and breed the green hydra. If it is a small fish that does not prey on the green hydra, the cleaning effect can be maintained even if it is reared mixed. For example, guppy is hard to prey on green hydra. In the case of mixed breeding, it is only necessary to put the green hydra into the tank for raising aquatic organisms, and no additional equipment such as a secondary tank or a pump is required. In addition, since predation does not occur in a water tank containing only aquatic plants, a method of putting green hydra into a water tank of aquatic organisms is the simplest cleaning method.
一方、グリーンヒドラを隔離することによって以下のメリットがある。
（１）水棲生物がグリーンヒドラを捕食するかどうかを考慮する必要がない。
（２）主水槽においてグリーンヒドラが目障りにならない。グリーンヒドラは体長１ｍｍ程度であり近づけば肉眼でも視認できるので、増殖すると目障りに感じることがある。
（３）主水槽の水換えを行う際にグリーンヒドラを捕集する必要がない。水槽の水は藻類以外の原因で水換えが必要となることがある。そのような場合にもグリーンヒドラを失わずに水換えを行える。グリーンヒドラは水槽の壁面に付着して生息しているので、水換えによって失われるグリーンヒドラの数は多くはないが、隔離しておけば１匹たりとも失わない。
On the other hand, isolating the green hydra has the following advantages.
(1) There is no need to consider whether aquatic organisms prey on green hydra.
(2) Green hydra does not become obtrusive in the main tank. Green hydra is about 1 mm long and can be seen with the naked eye.
(3) There is no need to collect green hydra when changing water in the main tank. Water in the tank may need to be changed for reasons other than algae. In such a case, the water can be changed without losing the green hydra. Since the green hydra lives on the wall of the aquarium, there is not much green hydra lost by changing the water, but if you keep it isolated, you won't lose any one.
グリーンヒドラを飼育する副水槽２１、３１は、図１のように主水槽１１外に設置することも、図２のように主水槽１１内に設置することもできる。 The auxiliary water tanks 21 and 31 for raising the green hydra can be installed outside the main water tank 11 as shown in FIG. 1 or inside the main water tank 11 as shown in FIG.
主水槽１１外に副水槽２１を設置した場合は主水槽１１内がすっきりし、水棲生物の鑑賞の邪魔をしない。また、水棲生物とグリーンヒドラの好適飼育環境が異なる場合でも、それぞれに最適な環境に設定できる。一方、主水槽１１内に設置した場合は設備を簡略化でき、場所もとらない。 When the auxiliary water tank 21 is installed outside the main water tank 11, the inside of the main water tank 11 is clean and does not disturb the appreciation of aquatic life. Moreover, even when the preferred breeding environment for aquatic organisms and green hydra is different, it can be set to an optimum environment for each. On the other hand, when it is installed in the main water tank 11, the equipment can be simplified and the place is not required.
また、前記副水槽はろ過材の容器と兼用することもできる。図１の飼育装置１の副水槽２１はろ過装置のろ過材容器と兼用できるし、図２の飼育装置２のメッシュ製容器３１にろ過材を入れることもできる。また、ろ過材を入れるメッシュ製バッグにグリーンヒドラを入れることもできる。ろ過材の容器を通った水は主水槽に送られるので、ろ過材の容器でグリーンヒドラを飼育すれば主水槽にグリーンヒドラ飼育水を供給できる。 The secondary water tank can also be used as a filter medium container. The secondary water tank 21 of the breeding apparatus 1 in FIG. 1 can also be used as the filter medium container of the filtration apparatus, and the filter medium can be put into the mesh container 31 of the breeding apparatus 2 in FIG. Moreover, green hydra can also be put in the mesh bag which puts a filter medium. Since the water passed through the filter medium container is sent to the main water tank, if the green hydra is raised in the filter medium container, the green hydra breeding water can be supplied to the main water tank.
グリーンヒドラの数は主水槽の水１リットルに対して１００匹〜３００匹が好ましい。 The number of green hydra is preferably 100 to 300 for 1 liter of water in the main water tank.
また、本発明の主水槽は室内または屋外に設置される水槽に限定されない。池、沼、湖、壕等の屋外の水棲生物の生息領域も本発明の主水槽に該当し、これらの生息領域においてもグリーンヒドラによるクリーニング効果が得られる。
［グリーンヒドラの培養］
グリーンヒドラは副水槽に投入する前に実験室で培養して増殖させることによって、クリーニング効果の効率化を図ることができる。以下は培養方法の一例である。
Moreover, the main water tank of this invention is not limited to the water tank installed indoors or outdoors. Inhabiting areas of outdoor aquatic organisms such as ponds, swamps, lakes, corals, etc. also correspond to the main water tank of the present invention, and the cleaning effect by the green hydra can be obtained also in these habitat areas.
[Green Hydra Culture]
The green hydra can be cultivated and grown in the laboratory before being put into the secondary water tank, so that the cleaning effect can be improved. The following is an example of the culture method.
室温２５℃程度の室内で、水を入れたシャーレにグリーンヒドラを入れ、エサとして孵化して間もないフライシュリンプを１日１回与え、数時間後にシャーレの水を捨てて新しい水を入れる。なお、グリーンヒドラは分泌物によってシャーレの底に付着しているので、シャーレを傾けて水を捨てても流れ落ちにくく、多くの場合はシャーレに残っている。このサイクルを繰り返してグリーンヒドラを培養する。 In a room with a room temperature of about 25 ° C., put a green hydra in a petri dish containing water, give fresh fly shrimp once freshly hatched as food, throw away the petri dish water several hours later, and add fresh water. In addition, since the green hydra is attached to the bottom of the petri dish by secretions, even if the petri dish is tilted and water is discarded, it is difficult to flow down, and in many cases it remains in the petri dish. This cycle is repeated to culture green hydra.
以下の実験により、グリーンヒドラによるクリーニング効果を検証した。
［実験１：グリーンヒドラ混合飼育下のクリーニング効果］
グリーンヒドラのいない、グッピーの飼育水槽内に、複数個のシャーレを沈めて３か月放置し、シャーレの周面および底面に珪藻や緑藻を付着させ、これらをクリーニング効果試験用シャーレとした。
The cleaning effect by the green hydra was verified by the following experiment.
[Experiment 1: Cleaning effect under green hydra mixed breeding]
A plurality of petri dishes were submerged in a Guppy breeding aquarium without a green hydra and left for 3 months, and diatoms and green algae were attached to the peripheral and bottom surfaces of the petri dishes, and these were used as petri dishes for cleaning effect tests.
１０リットルの水槽２個を用意し、一方の水槽Ａにはグッピー６匹とグリーンヒドラ約１０００匹を入れ、他方の水槽Ｂにはグッピー６匹のみを入れた。水槽Ａおよび水槽Ｂに試験用シャーレを沈めて藻類の状態を観察した。 Two 10 liter water tanks were prepared. One water tank A was filled with 6 guppy and about 1000 green hydras, and the other water tank B was filled with only 6 guppy. The petri dish for test was submerged in the water tank A and the water tank B, and the state of the algae was observed.
図３Ａに１０日後の水槽Ａのシャーレを示し、図３Ｂに１０日後の水槽Ｂのシャーレを示す。 FIG. 3A shows the petri dish of the water tank A after 10 days, and FIG. 3B shows the petri dish of the water tank B after 10 days.
図３Ａおよび図３Ｂに示すように、グリーンヒドラを飼育する水槽Ａではグリーンヒドラを飼育していない水槽Ｂよりも藻類が減少した。また、水槽Ａ内のシャーレにはグリーンヒドラが付着していた。この結果より、グリーンヒドラがクリーニング効果を奏することを確認した。
［実験２：グリーンヒドラ隔離飼育下におけるクリーニング効果］
実験１で調製したクリーニング効果試験用シャーレの開口部を通水性を有しグリーンヒドラが通過できないメッシュで蓋をし、実験１と同一条件に設定した水槽Ａに沈めた。水槽Ａはグッピーとグリーンヒドラが混泳しているが、両者ともにシャーレ内の藻類には接触できないが、グリーンヒドラ飼育水は藻類に接触する。
As shown in FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, the algae decreased in the water tank A rearing the green hydra than in the water tank B not rearing the green hydra. In addition, green hydra was attached to the petri dish in the water tank A. From this result, it was confirmed that the green hydra has a cleaning effect.
[Experiment 2: Cleaning effect under rearing of green hydra]
The opening of the petri dish for cleaning effect test prepared in Experiment 1 was covered with a mesh that has water permeability and green hydra cannot pass through, and was submerged in a water tank A set to the same conditions as in Experiment 1. In the tank A, guppy and green hydra are swimming, but both cannot contact the algae in the petri dish, but the green hydra breeding water contacts the algae.
図４に８日後の水槽Ａのシャーレを示す。図４の水槽Ａのシャーレ内の藻類の付着量は、図３Ｂのグリーンヒドラなしの水槽Ｂの１０日後のシャーレよりも少ない。これらの比較は、グリーンヒドラが藻類に接触しなくてもグリーンヒドラ飼育水がクリーニング効果を有していることを示している。
［実験３：グリーンヒドラ飼育水の循環によるクリーニング効果（１）］
図１に示す飼育装置１を用い、主水槽１１から隔離した副水槽２１でグリーンヒドラ２０を飼育し、主水槽１１と副水槽２１で水を循環させながら主水槽１１のクリーニング試験を行った。
FIG. 4 shows the petri dish of the water tank A after 8 days. The amount of algae in the petri dish of the water tank A in FIG. 4 is less than the petri dish 10 days after the water tank B without the green hydra in FIG. 3B. These comparisons show that the green hydra breeding water has a cleaning effect even when the green hydra does not contact the algae.
[Experiment 3: Cleaning effect by circulating green hydra breeding water (1)]
Using the breeding apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, the green hydra 20 was bred in a sub-water tank 21 isolated from the main water tank 11, and a cleaning test of the main water tank 11 was performed while circulating water in the main water tank 11 and the sub-water tank 21.
主水槽１１の水量は１０リットル、副水槽２１の水量は１０リットルである。実験は珪藻および緑藻の２種について別々に行うものとし、各主水槽１１には６匹のグッピーを入れ、緑藻の主水槽１１にはシャーレも沈めた。各主水槽１１は主として珪藻を含む藻類（以下「珪藻」と略称する）または主として緑藻を含む藻類（以下「緑藻」と略称する）を繁殖させ、図５Ａ（珪藻）および図６Ａ（緑藻）の状態になったときに、約１０００匹のグリーンヒドラ２０を入れた副水槽２１を接続して主水槽１１と副水槽２１の間で水の循環を開始した。また、循環開始時の緑藻の主水槽１１（図６Ａ）は壁面だけでなく水も緑色に濁り、シャーレにも緑藻が付着している。 The amount of water in the main water tank 11 is 10 liters, and the amount of water in the auxiliary water tank 21 is 10 liters. The experiment was performed separately for two types of diatoms and green algae, and six guppy were put in each main water tank 11 and petri dishes were also sunk in the main water tank 11 of green algae. Each main water tank 11 propagates algae mainly containing diatoms (hereinafter abbreviated as “diatoms”) or algae mainly containing green algae (hereinafter abbreviated as “green algae”), as shown in FIG. 5A (diatoms) and FIG. 6A (green algae). When it became a state, the auxiliary water tank 21 containing about 1000 green hydras 20 was connected, and water circulation was started between the main water tank 11 and the auxiliary water tank 21. In addition, the green algae main water tank 11 (FIG. 6A) at the start of circulation is not only a wall surface but also water is turbid in green, and the green algae adheres to the petri dish.
図５Ａは珪藻の実験開始時、図５Ｂは珪藻の９日後、図５Ｃは珪藻の３２日後の主水槽１１の画像である。図６Ａは緑藻の実験開始時、図６Ｂは緑藻の３０日後、図６Ｃは緑藻の５３日後の主水槽１１の画像である。 5A is an image of the main water tank 11 at the start of the diatom experiment, FIG. 5B is 9 days after the diatom, and FIG. 5C is 32 days after the diatom. 6A is an image of the main aquarium 11 at the start of the green algae experiment, FIG. 6B is 30 days after the green algae, and FIG. 6C is 53 days after the green algae.
珪藻の主水槽１１では、実験開始後間もなくグッピーが壁面の珪藻をつつき始め、９日後には壁面から珪藻が消失した（図５Ｂ）。また、その後も珪藻が増えることなく、３２日後も珪藻のない状態が維持されていた（図５Ｃ）。一方、緑藻の主水槽１１では、３０日後に壁面から緑藻が消失し（図６Ｂ）、５３日後にはシャーレの緑藻もほぼ消失した。 In the diatom main tank 11, the guppy started to pluck the diatom on the wall soon after the start of the experiment, and the diatom disappeared from the wall after 9 days (FIG. 5B). Moreover, the diatom free state was maintained after 32 days without increasing diatoms (FIG. 5C). On the other hand, in the main tank 11 of green algae, the green algae disappeared from the wall surface after 30 days (FIG. 6B), and the green algae of the petri dish almost disappeared after 53 days.
以上より、グリーンヒドラ飼育水は藻類の種類によってクリーニング効果が現れるまででの時間に差はあるが、クリーニング効果を有していることを確認した。
［実験４：グリーンヒドラ飼育水の循環によるクリーニング効果（２）］
水槽内に直径６０ｍｍのシャーレ１〜４の４個のシャーレを沈めて数か月放置し藻類を付着させた。これらのシャーレを図７の下段に示す。図７の下段シャーレ１〜４はグリーンヒドラおよびグリーンヒドラ飼育水が存在しない数か月経過したものである。
From the above, it was confirmed that the green hydra breeding water has a cleaning effect although there is a difference in the time until the cleaning effect appears depending on the type of algae.
[Experiment 4: Cleaning effect by circulation of green hydra breeding water (2)]
Four dishes of petri dishes 1 to 4 having a diameter of 60 mm were submerged in the water tank and allowed to stand for several months to attach algae. These petri dishes are shown in the lower part of FIG. The lower petri dishes 1 to 4 in FIG. 7 are those in which several months have passed without the existence of green hydra and green hydra breeding water.
水槽からシャーレ１〜４を取出し、写真を撮影し、画像解析ソフトImageJにより各シャーレにつき８箇所で明るさを定量化した。図８に測定位置および８箇所の測定値の最大値、最小値、平均値を示す。測定値は任意単位（相対値）であり、数値が高い程明るく透明度が高い、即ち藻類の付着量が少ない。 Petri dishes 1 to 4 were taken out of the water tank, photographs were taken, and the brightness was quantified at 8 locations for each petri dish using image analysis software ImageJ. FIG. 8 shows the maximum value, the minimum value, and the average value of the measurement values and the eight measurement values. The measured value is an arbitrary unit (relative value), and the higher the value, the brighter and more transparent, that is, the amount of algae attached is smaller.
前記シャーレ１〜４を水槽に戻してこの水槽を図１に参照される飼育装置１の主水槽１１とし、グリーンヒドラを飼育する副水槽２１との間で水を循環させた。主水槽１１の水は１０リットルであり、副水槽１１には１０リットルの水と１０００匹のグリーンヒドラ２０を入れた。なお、主水槽１１内は水とシャーレ１〜４のみであり、魚は入れていない。 The petri dishes 1 to 4 were returned to the water tank, and this water tank was used as the main water tank 11 of the breeding apparatus 1 referred to in FIG. 1, and water was circulated between the secondary water tank 21 that raised the green hydra. The water in the main tank 11 was 10 liters, and 10 liters of water and 1000 green hydras 20 were placed in the auxiliary tank 11. In addition, the inside of the main water tank 11 is only water and petri dishes 1-4, and the fish is not put.
前記飼育装置１を２か月稼働してシャーレをグリーンヒドラ飼育水に接触させた。２か月後に主水槽１１からシャーレ１〜４を取出し、水の循環開始前と同じ方法でシャーレの同じ位置の明るさを測定した。図９に測定位置および８箇所の測定値の最大値、最小値、平均値を示す。 The breeding apparatus 1 was operated for 2 months, and the petri dish was brought into contact with green hydra breeding water. Two months later, the petri dishes 1 to 4 were taken out from the main water tank 11, and the brightness of the petri dish at the same position was measured by the same method as before the water circulation was started. FIG. 9 shows the maximum value, the minimum value, and the average value of the measurement values and the eight measurement values.
さらに、表１に水の循環前後の各シャーレの明るさの平均値、シャーレ１〜４の平均値および標準偏差を示す。 Furthermore, Table 1 shows the average value of the brightness of each petri dish before and after the circulation of water, the average value of the petri dishes 1 to 4 and the standard deviation.
図７〜９および表１に示すように、グリーンヒドラ飼育水によるクリーニング効果は明白である。 As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 and Table 1, the cleaning effect by the green hydra breeding water is obvious.
本発明は、観賞魚用水槽等の水棲生物の飼育環境における藻類除去に利用できる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for algae removal in an aquatic organism breeding environment such as an aquarium fish tank.
１、２…飼育装置
１１…主水槽
２０…グリーンヒドラ
２１…副水槽
２２…取水管（供給手段）
２３…メッシュフィルター（供給手段）
２４…ポンプ（供給手段）
２５…給水管（供給手段）
３１…メッシュ製容器（副水槽、供給手段）
３２…水中ポンプ（供給手段）
1, 2 ... Breeding device 11 ... Main water tank 20 ... Green hydra 21 ... Sub water tank 22 ... Intake pipe (supply means)
23. Mesh filter (supply means)
24 ... Pump (supply means)
25 ... Water supply pipe (supply means)
31 ... Mesh container (sub-water tank, supply means)
32 ... Submersible pump (supply means)
Claims (6)
Green hydra breeding water, which is used for breeding green hydra and contains secretions of green hydra.
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| JP2022121814A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-22 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | algae inhibitor |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06261983A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-20 | Shigeru Kashiwagi | Movable body of underwater photosynthesis |
| JP2009060830A (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-26 | Tooru Oida | Circulating aquarium and method for breeding fish and shellfish using the same |
| JP2016198058A (en) * | 2015-04-12 | 2016-12-01 | 大谷 洋 | Purifier and aquarium equipped with the same |
| US20180007873A1 (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-11 | Fredrick Charles Pino | Aquarium System |
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2018
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06261983A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-09-20 | Shigeru Kashiwagi | Movable body of underwater photosynthesis |
| JP2009060830A (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-26 | Tooru Oida | Circulating aquarium and method for breeding fish and shellfish using the same |
| JP2016198058A (en) * | 2015-04-12 | 2016-12-01 | 大谷 洋 | Purifier and aquarium equipped with the same |
| US20180007873A1 (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2018-01-11 | Fredrick Charles Pino | Aquarium System |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2022121814A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-22 | 国立大学法人神戸大学 | algae inhibitor |
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