JP2019128074A - Waste treatment system - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a waste treatment system which enables adjustment of a rotation number of a supercharger while eliminating a need of a valve having heat resistance.SOLUTION: A waste treatment system includes: an incinerator (10); a supercharger (20); a gas supply part (30) which supplies oxygen-containing gas to a compressor (21); a preheater (40); an oxygen-containing gas supply passage (L2); an extraction passage (L3) which extracts a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor (21) from a portion of the oxygen-containing gas supply passage (L2) located between the compressor (21) and the preheater (40); and an on-off valve (V) which is provided at the extraction passage (L3) and can adjust an aperture.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment facility for treating waste.

  Conventionally, a waste treatment facility for treating waste is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a combustion furnace that burns waste, a supercharger that includes a compressor unit and a turbine unit, a heat exchange unit, a compressed air tube and a combustion furnace connection tube, a blower branch tube, and a blower. A waste disposal facility comprising a branch valve is disclosed.

  The compressor unit compresses air drawn from the outside. The turbine unit is connected to the compressor unit and drives the compressor unit. The heat exchange unit heats the air by heat exchange between the air discharged from the compressor unit and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion furnace. The compressed air pipe connects the compressor unit and the turbine unit, and the combustion furnace connecting pipe connects the turbine unit and the combustion furnace. That is, the compressed air pipe and the combustion furnace connecting pipe are flow paths for guiding the air discharged from the compressor unit to the combustion furnace as combustion air necessary for the incineration of wastes in the combustion furnace. One end of the blower branch pipe is connected between the heat exchange part and the turbine part in the compressed air pipe, and the other end of the blower branch pipe is between the turbine part and the combustion furnace in the combustion furnace connection pipe. Connected to the site. The blower branch valve is provided in the blower branch pipe.

  In the waste treatment facility described in Patent Document 1, by adjusting the opening of the blower branch valve in accordance with the operation state of the facility, the amount of air discharged from the compressor unit into the turbine unit, that is, The turbocharger speed is adjusted.

JP 2017-190929 A

  In a waste treatment facility as described in Patent Document 1, high-temperature air flows through a portion of the compressed air pipe downstream of the heat exchanging section, so that the blower branch valve provided in the blower branch pipe has heat resistance. Desired.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a waste disposal facility capable of adjusting the rotational speed of a turbocharger while eliminating the need for a valve having heat resistance, and a method of operating the same.

  As means for solving the problems, the present invention is a waste treatment facility for treating waste, an incinerator for burning the waste, a compressor for compressing an oxygen-containing gas which is a gas containing oxygen, and A turbocharger connected to the compressor and including a turbine capable of driving the compressor, a gas supply unit for supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the compressor, an oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor, and the incinerator A preheater that heats the oxygen-containing gas by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas discharged from the compressor, the compressor, the preheater, the turbine, and the incinerator are connected in this order, and discharged from the compressor An oxygen-containing gas supply flow path for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator, and the comp of the oxygen-containing gas supply flow path An extraction passage for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor from a portion between the pre-heater and the preheater, and an opening / closing provided in the extraction passage so that the opening degree can be adjusted. And providing a waste disposal facility.

  In this waste treatment facility, since an opening / closing valve is provided in the extraction flow path, the amount of oxygen-containing gas flowing into the turbine by adjusting the opening of the opening / closing valve, that is, the rotational speed of the supercharger ( It is possible to adjust the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator). Furthermore, since the on-off valve is provided in the extraction flow path for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas after being discharged from the compressor and before being heated by the preheater, the on-off valve has a conventional heat resistance. Sex is not required.

  The waste treatment facility further includes a control unit that controls an opening degree of the on-off valve, and the control unit has a set amount as an index indicating the amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator. It is preferable to control the opening degree of the on-off valve as described above.

  In this way, the number of revolutions of the turbocharger, that is, the amount of supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator is automatically adjusted. Therefore, the fall of the temperature in the incinerator resulting from the shortage of the supply amount of the oxygen containing gas to the incinerator and the excess supply of the oxygen containing gas to the incinerator is suppressed.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the downstream edge part of the said extraction flow path is connected to the said gas supply part.

  In this way, the oxygen-containing gas extracted through the extraction channel is again supplied to the compressor without being released to the atmosphere, so for example, the gas containing the odor generated in the hopper, pit, etc. is used as the oxygen-containing gas It becomes possible to supply to.

  The gas supply unit stores the oxygen-containing gas in a state of being blocked from outside air, and the storage unit and the compressor so that the oxygen-containing gas in the storage unit is supplied to the compressor. It is preferable that the downstream end part of the said extraction flow path is connected to the said storage part.

  In this way, fluctuations in the pressure of the air supply passage are suppressed.

  In this case, it is preferable that the storage unit stores the waste.

  If it does in this way, the fall of the temperature of the said oxygen containing gas by oxygen containing gas passing a turbine will be suppressed. Specifically, the gas (oxygen-containing gas) in the storage section for storing waste contains water vapor, and the specific heat of the gas is larger than that of oxygen-containing gas such as air. By supplying the gas to the compressor through the air flow path, the amount of heat received by the preheater in the oxygen-containing gas (including the gas in the reservoir) discharged from the compressor becomes larger than when the gas is not supplied to the compressor. Therefore, the fall of the temperature of the said oxygen containing gas by oxygen containing gas passing a turbine is suppressed.

  The present invention also relates to an incinerator for burning waste, a compressor for compressing an oxygen-containing gas that is a gas containing oxygen, and a turbocharger including a turbine connected to the compressor and capable of driving the compressor. A preheater that heats the oxygen-containing gas by exchanging heat between the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor and the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator, the compressor, the preheater, the turbine, and the incineration Furnaces are connected in this order, an oxygen-containing gas supply channel for supplying the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor to the incinerator, and the compressor and the preheater in the oxygen-containing gas supply channel Provided in the extraction flow path, and an extraction flow path for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor from the portion between And an opening / closing valve capable of adjusting the opening degree, wherein the index indicating the amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator is a set amount. Providing a method for operating a waste treatment facility, comprising adjusting the amount of oxygen-containing gas extracted from the oxygen-containing gas supply channel through the extraction channel by adjusting the opening of the on-off valve To do.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a waste treatment facility capable of adjusting the number of revolutions of a supercharger and a method for operating the same while eliminating the need for a heat-resistant valve. .

It is a figure which shows the outline of the waste treatment facility of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the control content of the control part of the waste disposal facility shown by FIG.

  A waste treatment facility according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment facility of the present embodiment includes an incinerator 10, a supercharger 20, a gas supply unit 30, a preheater 40, an oxygen-containing gas supply channel L <b> 2, and sampling. The flow path L3, the on-off valve V, and the control part 50 are provided.

  The incinerator 10 is an incinerator for incinerating wastes such as sewage sludge.

  The supercharger 20 includes a compressor 21 and a turbine 22. The compressor 21 compresses an oxygen-containing gas (air or the like) containing oxygen. The turbine 22 is connected to the compressor 21. Therefore, the compressor 21 is driven by the rotation of the turbine 22.

  The gas supply unit 30 is a part for supplying oxygen-containing gas to the compressor 21. The gas supply unit 30 includes a storage unit 32 and an air supply channel L1.

  The storage unit 32 stores the oxygen-containing gas in a state where it is blocked from the outside air. In the present embodiment, waste is stored in the storage unit 32. For example, a hopper or a pit is selected as the storage unit 32. For this reason, the humidity in the storage part 32 is higher than the humidity outside the storage part 32. Moreover, the inside of the storage part 32 is maintained at a negative pressure as a measure against odor to the outside.

  The air supply flow path L1 connects the reservoir 32 and the compressor 21 so that the oxygen-containing gas in the reservoir 32 is supplied to the compressor 21.

  The preheater 40 heats the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor 21 by the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator 10. In the present embodiment, the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the preheater 40 is about 600 ° C to 700 ° C. The exhaust gas discharged from the preheater 40 after heating the oxygen-containing gas in the preheater 40 is appropriately treated in a processing facility disposed downstream of the preheater 40.

  The oxygen-containing gas supply flow path L2 connects the compressor 21, the preheater 40, the turbine 22, and the incinerator 10 in this order. Therefore, the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor 21 is supplied to the incinerator 10 as a combustion gas via the preheater 40 and the turbine 22.

  The extraction flow path L3 is a flow path for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor 21 from the portion between the compressor 21 and the preheater 40 in the oxygen-containing gas supply flow path L2. In the present embodiment, the downstream end of the extraction channel L3 is connected to the storage unit 32.

  The on-off valve V is provided in the extraction flow path L3, and the opening degree can be adjusted.

  The controller 50 adjusts the opening degree of the on-off valve V. Specifically, the control unit 50 controls the opening degree of the on-off valve V so that the index indicating the amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator 10 becomes the set amount. In the present embodiment, the flow rate F of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator 10 is used as the index. The flow rate F is detected by a flow rate sensor 61 provided in a portion of the oxygen-containing gas supply flow path L2 between the turbine 22 and the incinerator 10. However, a pressure difference before and after the turbine 22, a rotational speed of the turbine 22, or the like may be used as the index.

  Hereinafter, specific control contents of the control unit 50 will be described with reference to FIG. First, the control unit 50 determines whether or not the flow rate F is larger than the set amount F1 (step ST11). As a result, when the flow rate F is larger than the set amount F1, the control unit 50 raises the opening degree of the on-off valve V (step ST12), and returns to step ST11. Thereby, the extraction amount of the oxygen-containing gas through the extraction flow path L3 increases. For this reason, since the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas flowing into the turbine 22 out of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor 21 decreases, the rotational speed of the supercharger 20, that is, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator 10. Decreases. Therefore, the fall of the temperature in the incinerator 10 resulting from the supply of the oxygen containing gas to the incinerator 10 becoming excess is suppressed.

  On the other hand, when the flow rate F is not larger than the set amount F1 in step ST11, the control unit 50 determines whether the flow rate F is smaller than the set amount F1 (step ST13). As a result, if the flow rate F is not smaller than the set amount F1, that is, if the flow rate F is equal to the set amount F1, the process directly returns to step ST11, and if the flow rate F is smaller than the set amount F1, the control unit 50 Lowers the opening degree of the on-off valve V (step ST14). Thereby, the extraction amount of the oxygen-containing gas through the extraction flow path L3 is reduced. For this reason, since the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas flowing into the turbine 22 out of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor 21 increases, the rotational speed of the supercharger 20, that is, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator 10. Will increase. Therefore, it is suppressed that the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator 10 is insufficient.

  As described above, in the waste treatment facility according to the present embodiment, the open / close valve V is provided in the extraction flow path L3. Therefore, by adjusting the opening degree of the open / close valve V, the oxygen content in the turbine 22 is increased. It becomes possible to adjust the inflow of the gas, that is, the rotational speed of the turbocharger 20 (the amount of supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator 10). Further, the on-off valve V is provided in the extraction flow path L3 for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas after being discharged from the compressor 21 and before being heated by the preheater 40. The conventional heat resistance is not required.

  Since the downstream end of the extraction flow path L3 is connected to the gas supply unit 30, the oxygen-containing gas extracted through the extraction flow path L3 is supplied to the compressor 21 again without being released to the atmosphere. . Therefore, for example, a gas containing odor can be supplied to the compressor 21 as an oxygen-containing gas.

  More specifically, since the downstream end of the extraction flow path L3 is connected to the storage section 32 of the gas supply section 30, fluctuations in pressure in the air supply flow path L1 are suppressed.

  Furthermore, since the storage part 32 stores wastes, the fall of the temperature of the said oxygen containing gas by an oxygen containing gas passing the turbine 22 is suppressed. Specifically, the gas (oxygen-containing gas) in the storage portion 32 for storing waste contains water vapor, and the specific heat of the gas is larger than the specific heat of an oxygen-containing gas such as air. Is supplied to the compressor 21 through the air supply flow path L1, so that the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor 21 (including the gas in the storage portion 32) is preheated compared to when the gas is not supplied to the compressor 21. The amount of heat received at 40 increases. Therefore, a decrease in the temperature of the oxygen-containing gas due to the oxygen-containing gas passing through the turbine 22 is suppressed.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is indicated not by the description of the embodiments described above but by the claims, and further includes all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.

  For example, the storage portion 32 may be omitted, and the downstream end of the removal flow path L3 may be connected to the air supply flow path L1.

  Moreover, the control part 50 may be abbreviate | omitted and the opening degree of the on-off valve V may be adjusted manually.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 incinerator 20 supercharger 21 compressor 22 turbine 30 gas supply part 32 storage part 40 preheater 50 control part L1 air supply flow path L2 oxygen containing gas supply flow path L3 extraction flow path V bypass valve

As means for solving the problems, the present invention is a waste treatment facility for treating waste, which comprises an incinerator for burning the waste, a compressor for compressing an oxygen-containing gas which is a gas containing oxygen, and A turbocharger connected to the compressor and including a turbine capable of driving the compressor, a gas supply unit for supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the compressor, an oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor, and the incinerator And the compressor, the preheater, the turbine, and the incinerator are connected in this order to heat the oxygen-containing gas by heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust gas and discharged from the compressor. An oxygen-containing gas supply flow path for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator, and the comp of the oxygen-containing gas supply flow path An extraction passage for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor from a portion between the pre-heater and the preheater, and an opening / closing provided in the extraction passage so that the opening degree can be adjusted. and the valve, the downstream end of the draw-off channel is that is connected to the gas supply unit provides a waste treatment facility.

In this waste disposal facility, since the on-off valve is provided in the extraction flow path, the inflow of the oxygen-containing gas to the turbine by adjusting the opening degree of the on-off valve, that is, the rotational speed of the turbocharger ( It becomes possible to adjust the supply amount of oxygen-containing gas to the incinerator. Furthermore, since the on-off valve is provided in the extraction flow path for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas after being discharged from the compressor and before being heated by the preheater, the on-off valve has a conventional heat resistance. Sex is not required. The downstream end of the extraction channel is connected to the gas supply unit.
In this way, the oxygen-containing gas extracted through the extraction channel is again supplied to the compressor without being released to the atmosphere, so for example, the gas containing the odor generated in the hopper, pit, etc. is used as the oxygen-containing gas Can be supplied to

Claims (6)

A waste treatment facility for treating waste,
An incinerator for burning the waste;
A compressor that compresses an oxygen-containing gas that is a gas containing oxygen, and a supercharger that includes a turbine connected to the compressor and capable of driving the compressor;
A gas supply unit for supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the compressor;
A preheater that heats the oxygen-containing gas by exchanging heat between the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor and the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator;
An oxygen-containing gas supply flow path which connects the compressor, the preheater, the turbine, and the incinerator in this order, and supplies the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor to the incinerator;
An extraction flow path for extracting a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor from a portion between the compressor and the preheater in the oxygen-containing gas supply flow path;
A waste treatment facility, comprising: an on-off valve provided in the extraction channel and capable of adjusting an opening degree. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1,
A control unit for controlling the opening of the on-off valve;
The waste control facility, wherein the control unit controls the opening degree of the on-off valve so that an index indicating the amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator becomes a set amount. The waste treatment facility according to claim 1 or 2,
A waste treatment facility, wherein a downstream end of the extraction flow channel is connected to the gas supply unit. The waste treatment facility according to claim 3,
The gas supply unit
A storage unit for storing the oxygen-containing gas in a state of being shielded from the outside air;
An air supply flow path connecting the reservoir and the compressor so that the oxygen-containing gas in the reservoir is supplied to the compressor;
A waste treatment facility, wherein a downstream end of the extraction channel is connected to the storage section. The waste treatment facility according to claim 4,
The storage unit is a waste processing facility that stores the waste. An incinerator that burns waste, a compressor that compresses an oxygen-containing gas that is a gas containing oxygen, a supercharger that includes a turbine that is connected to the compressor and can drive the compressor, and discharge from the compressor Connecting a preheater, which heats the oxygen-containing gas by heat exchange between the oxygen-containing gas and the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator, the compressor, the preheater, the turbine, and the incinerator in this order An oxygen-containing gas supply flow path for supplying the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor to the incinerator, and a portion of the oxygen-containing gas supply flow path between the compressor and the preheater A removal flow path for removing a part of the oxygen-containing gas discharged from the compressor to the outside, and the removal flow path provided with an opening degree ENGLISH capable off valve, a method of operating a waste disposal plant comprising,
By adjusting the opening degree of the on-off valve so that an index indicating the amount of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the incinerator becomes a set amount, the oxygen-containing gas supply passage through the extraction passage A method for operating a waste treatment facility, comprising a step of adjusting a sampling amount of the oxygen-containing gas.

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