WO2011156871A1 - Indirectly fired gas turbine assembly - Google Patents

Indirectly fired gas turbine assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011156871A1
WO2011156871A1 PCT/AU2011/000740 AU2011000740W WO2011156871A1 WO 2011156871 A1 WO2011156871 A1 WO 2011156871A1 AU 2011000740 W AU2011000740 W AU 2011000740W WO 2011156871 A1 WO2011156871 A1 WO 2011156871A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
combustor
assembly
line
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2011/000740
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bevan Dooley
Original Assignee
Btola Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2010902679A external-priority patent/AU2010902679A0/en
Application filed by Btola Pty Ltd filed Critical Btola Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2011156871A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011156871A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • F02C1/06—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy using reheated exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/18—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use using the waste heat of gas-turbine plants outside the plants themselves, e.g. gas-turbine power heat plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R5/00—Continuous combustion chambers using solid or pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/70—Blending
    • F23G2201/702—Blending with other waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/202—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an internal combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an indirectly fired gas turbine assembly.
  • a gas turbine is a rotary engine which includes an upstream compressor coupled by a shaft to a downstream turbine. Energy is added to the engine directly or indirectly, via a combustor.
  • DFGT directly fired gas turbine
  • the compressor compresses incoming air to a higher pressure arid temperature, and directs about 30% of the compressed air into an internal combustor (combustion chamber).
  • Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and the mixture is ignited to produce high temperature gas which expands through and rotates the turbine.
  • the remaining 70% of the air flows around the outside of the combustion chamber and cools the combustion gases prior to entry into the turbine section.
  • the shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor is typically coupled to a gearbox, and power from the output shaft of the gearbox is utilized as desired, such as for providing drive power to a vehicle or producing electricity via a generator.
  • the gearbox is omitted and the turbine shaft is directly connected to a high speed generator or other shaft power requirement.
  • the internal combustor is omitted and the engine includes an external combustor disposed externally to a housing of the turbine and the compressor.
  • the combustor in this assembly is in communication with a heat exchanger and supplies combustion heat thereto. Compressed air from the compressor is passed through the heat exchanger at which the compressed air is further heated. The heated compressed air is then supplied to the turbine for rotating same.
  • IFGT indirectly fired gas turbine
  • an IFGT Although the thermal efficiency in an IFGT is lower than in a DFGT, the turbine blades in an IFGT are not subjected to combustion products. This allows alternative fuels, non-standard fuels, or lower grade cheaper fuels to be used in the combustor of an IFGT.
  • Another advantage of an IFGT is that turbine life is extended compared to a DFGT, as there are no combustion products that can form deposits on or erode the turbine blades.
  • the present invention provides an assembly comprising:
  • an engine having a compressor coupled via a shaft to a turbine, the engine having an inlet;
  • a heat exchanger having a radiant heat exchanger portion and a convection heat exchanger portion
  • a combustor having a combustor inlet and a combustion products outlet
  • a clean air line having a first section extending from the engine inlet and through the compressor, a second section extending from the compressor to the heat exchanger, a third section within the heat exchanger extending through the convection heat exchanger portion and then the radiant heat exchanger portion, and a fourth section extending from the heat exchanger and through the turbine;
  • a combustor products line extending from the combustion products outlet, through the radiant heat exchanger portion and then the convection heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger for providing heat energy in use to the third section of the clean air line.
  • the radiant heat exchanger portion and the convection heat exchanger portion are arranged in series adjacent each other.
  • the combustor is preferably a cyclonic combustor having a hollow vertically oriented housing, the housing having a top wall and a waste outlet orifice at a lower end thereof, and wherein the combustor inlet and the combustion products outlet are adjacent the top wall.
  • the housing preferably includes an upper section, a cylindrical middle section, and a tapered lower section having the waste outlet orifice at a lower end thereof.
  • the housing upper section preferably comprises the top wall and a downwardly extending side wall, wherein the combustor inlet is an inlet tube which extends into a portion of the side wall, the longitudinal axis of the inlet tube being offset from a central vertical axis of the housing for directing incoming air and fuel mixture in use to a section of the internal wall of the side wall.
  • the upper section side wall preferably includes a short internally extending flange at a lower portion thereof, the cylindrical middle section extends downwardly from the flange, and the tapered lower section extends from a lower end of the cylindrical middle section.
  • the combustion products outlet is preferably an exit tube extending vertically through the top wall, wherein the exit tube is connected to the combustor products line.
  • the assembly preferably further includes a quench tank filled with water disposed below the waste outlet orifice of the cyclonic combustor.
  • the quench tank preferably includes a conical lower portion for collecting ash and an ash removal means extending from the bottom of the tank for removing ash therefrom.
  • the radiant heat exchanger is preferably a tube lined heat exchanger, wherein the combustor products line passes within an external outer tube forming a portion of the third section of the clean air line.
  • the portions of the clean air line and combustor products line within the heat exchanger preferably comprise tubes having a plurality of distortions therein to increase flow turbulence and improve heat exchanger efficiency.
  • the distortions preferably include one or more of bends, depressions, corrugations, protrusions, and dimple formations in the tubes.
  • the assembly preferably further includes an auxiliary combustor in the fourth section of the clean air line, wherein the clean air line extends from the heat exchanger and into the auxiliary combustor, and from the auxiliary combustor and into the turbine.
  • the assembly preferably further includes a clean fuel line extending from a second fuel source to the auxiliary combustor.
  • the clean fuel line preferably includes a second branch connected to the combustor inlet.
  • the first fuel source is preferably a low grade fuel source, preferably fed into the engine exhaust line via a fuel controller hopper.
  • the engine exhaust line preferably includes a second branch which extends to the combustor products line upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the engine exhaust line preferably includes at least one valve for controlling the relative volume of exhaust gas flowing to the combustor and to the combustor products line.
  • the assembly preferably further includes a waste heat boiler into which the combustor products line extends downstream from the heat exchanger, and a water feed line extending from a water source, though the waste heat boiler and to the clean air line upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the assembly preferably further includes an air accumulator, a blower air line extending from the clean air line upstream of the heat exchanger into the air accumulator and from the air accumulator to blower valves located within the heat exchanger for blowing air and removing ash from the heat exchanger surfaces.
  • the assembly preferably further includes a gas cleaning unit into which the combustor products line extends into downstream from the heat exchanger, wherein the gas cleaning unit separates ash and other combustion products from the combustion products gas.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating an assembly comprising an engine having a compressor coupled via a shaft to a turbine, a heat exchanger having a radiant heat exchanger portion and a convection heat exchanger portion, and a combustor having an inlet and a combustion products outlet, the method comprising:
  • the method preferably further includes the step of further heating the clean air exiting the heat exchanger via an auxiliary combustor before directing the heated clean air into the turbine.
  • the first fuel is preferably a low grade fuel which is fed into the exhaust gas via a fuel controller hopper.
  • the method preferably further includes directing a portion of the exhaust gas to join the combustor products gas upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the method preferably farther includes providing steam to the clean air upstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the method preferably further includes directing some of the clean air upstream of the heat exchanger into blower valves located within the heat exchanger for blowing air and removing ash from the heat exchanger surfaces. " The method preferably further includes directing waste products from the combustor into a quench tank filled with water.
  • the method preferably further includes providing clean fuel to the combustor during startup.
  • the method preferably further includes coupling a gearbox to the turbine shaft, and coupling an output shaft of che. gearbox to a generator for generating electricity.
  • gearbox output shaft can be used to provide shaft power as required.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirectly fired gas turbine assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section view of a cyclonic combustion chamber for the assembly of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of the cyclonic combustion chamber of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-section along line A-A of the cyclonic combustion chamber of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-section view of the cyclonic combustion chamber and the quench tank of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirectly fired gas turbine (IFGT) assembly 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the assembly 10 includes a commercially available gas turbine engine 12.
  • the engine 12 includes a compressor 13 coupled via a shaft 14 to a turbine 15.
  • the shaft 14 is coupled to a gearbox 16 which includes an output shaft 17.
  • the output shaft 17 in this embodiment is coupled to a generator 18 for generating electricity.
  • the engine 12 is enclosed within an external casing 19.
  • the assembly 10 further includes a heat exchanger 20, an auxiliary combustor 30, a cyclonic combustor 40, a quench tank 50, a fuel controller hopper 60, a gas cleaning unit 70, an air accumulator 1 10 and a waste heat boiler 120.
  • the assembly 10 includes a clean air line 21 for atmospheric clean air 100, the clean air line 21 having a first section 21a extending from externally of the casing 19 through an inlet of the engine 12 and through the compressor 13.
  • a second section 21b of the clean air line 21 extends from the compressor 13 and exits the casing 19, and a third section 21c thereof passes through the heat exchanger 20 and into the auxiliary combustor 30.
  • a fourth section 21d of the clean air line 21 then exists the auxiliary combustor 30 and enters the casing 19 to direct air through the turbine 15.
  • the assembly 10 further includes an engine exhaust line 22 which extends from the turbine 15 and branches off at a junction 27 between a first branch 22a which extends to an inlet 1 the cyclonic combustor 40, and a second branch 22b which extends to a combustor products line 24 which is further described below.
  • the first branch 22a includes a first valve 23 therein and the second branch 22b includes a second valve 26 therein, with both the first and second valves 23 and 26 being downstream of the junction 27.
  • the combustor products line 24 extends from the cyclonic combustor 40 through the heat exchanger 20, into the waste heat boiler 120 and into the gas cleaning unit 70.
  • the second branch 22b of the engine exhaust line 22 is connected to the combustor products line 24 upstream of the heat exchanger 20.
  • a clean fuel line 81 having a control valve 84 extends from a clean fuel source 80 to the auxiliary combustor 30.
  • the clean fuel line 81 includes a second branch 82 having a control valve 85 which is connected to the cyclonic combustor inlet 41.
  • a low grade fuel line 91 extends from a low grade fuel source 90 for supplying low grade fuel into the fuel control hopper 60.
  • the fuel control hopper 60 is connected to the first branch 22a of the engine exhaust line 22, downstream from the first valve 23 and upstream from the cyclonic combustor inlet 41.
  • the heat exchanger 20 is divided into a radiant heat exchanger portion 32 and a convection heat exchanger portion 34 arranged adjacent and in series with each other.
  • the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is provided upstream relative to the convection heat exchanger portion 34.
  • the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is downstream relative to the convection heat exchanger portion 34.
  • the combustor products line 24 extends into the waste heat boiler 120 from the heat exchanger 20.
  • a water feed line 122 extends from a water source 121 , though the waste heat boiler 120 and joins with the second section 21b of the clean air line 21 upstream of the heat exchanger 20.
  • a blower air line 124 extends from the second section 21b of the clean air line 21 to the air accumulator 110, and from the air accumulator 110 to blower valves 125 located within the heat exchanger portions 32 and 34 of the heat exchanger 20.
  • the blower air line 124 includes a relief valve 126.
  • the gas cleaning unit 70 separates ash and other combustion products such as SO x from the combustion products gas and includes a first line 71 for emitting cleaned gas to the atmosphere and a second line 72 for ash and waste gas collection and disposal.
  • the cyclonic combustor 40 will now be described with reference to Figures 2 to 5.
  • the cyclonic combustor 40 includes a tubular hollow vertically oriented housing 45.
  • the housing 45 is generally circular in cross-section and includes a refractory lining 46 at an internal wall thereof.
  • the housing 45 includes an upper section 45a, a cylindrical middle section 45b, and a tapered lower section 45c.
  • the upper section 45a comprises a horizontal flat top wall 49, a downwardly extending circular side wall 54 and the inlet 41.
  • the inlet 41 is a horizontal circular or rectangular section hollow tube which extends into a portion of the side wall 54.
  • the longitudinal axis of the inlet 41 is offset from a central vertical axis of the housing 45, for directing incoming air and fuel mixture in use to a section of the internal wall of the side wall 54. This initiates the downward spiral or cyclonic movement of the air/fuel mixture within the combustor 40 around and along the refractory lining 46 thereof.
  • the side wall 54 includes a short internally extending flange 55 at a lower portion thereof.
  • a combustion products outlet in the form of an exit tube 48 extends vertically through the top wall 49, with a lower end of the exit tube 48 extending slightly below the level of the flange 55.
  • the exit tube 48 connects to the combustor products line 24.
  • the cylindrical middle section 45b extends downwardly from an internal periphery of the flange 55.
  • the tapered lower section 45c extends from the lower end of the second section 45b, to a waste outlet orifice 47 at a lower end thereof.
  • the waste outlet orifice 47 is directed to the quench tank 50 which is filled with water 51.
  • the quench tank 50 includes a conical lower portion 53 for collecting ash therein.
  • An ash removal crew 52 extends from the bottom of the tank 50 for removing ash therefrom.
  • a level of water 51 is maintained in the quench tank 50 such that a seal is formed at the orifice 47 and the combustion gases will not flow into the quench tank 50.
  • the combustor 40 defines a large fuel particle retaining section 42 within the upper section 45a above the flange 55, a combustion zone 43 between the flange 55 and the lower end of the exit tube 48, and an ash separation zone 44 at the junction between the middle section 45b and the lower section 45c.
  • the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is a high temperature heat exchanger comprising appropriate materials such as alloy or ceramic material in order to accommodate the high temperature and corrosive conditions.
  • the convection heat exchanger portion 34 is a lower temperature heat exchanger and can be manufactured from lower grade cheaper materials.
  • the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is a tube lined chamber, wherein the combustor products line 24 passes within an external outer tube forming a portion of the third section 21 c of the clean air line 21.
  • the tubes in the radiant and convection heat exchanger portions 32 and 34 include a number of distortions therein such as bends, dimples and corrugations to increase flow turbulence and improve heat exchanger effectiveness.
  • temperatures and pressures mentioned below are examples only and relate to a specific gas turbine engine. Actual temperatures and pressures will vary depending on the configuration and size of the gas turbine engine used.
  • clean air at second section 21b has an increased temperature of about 200°C and an increased pressure of about 6 Bar.
  • the air then passes through the heat exchanger 20 and at fourth section 21 d it has an increased temperature of about 900°C and pressure is maintained at about 6 Bar.
  • the air is then directed through the turbine 15 and exits at the exhaust line 22 having a temperature of about 600°C and a pressure of about 0.15 Bar.
  • the first and second valves 23 and 26 allow the ratio of the air diverted between the first and second branches 22a and 22b to be varied as required.
  • the air in the first branch 22a is mixed with low grade fuel from the fuel hopper 60 prior to entering the inlet 41.
  • the fuel/air mixture is swirled in a downward cyclonic/spiral path and is burnt which produces combustion product gas in line 24 having a temperature of between 1,200°C and 1800°C and a pressure of about 0.10 Bar.
  • the combustion product gas then enters the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 and then the convection heat exchanger portion 34, with which the combustion gas transfers heat to the clean air flowing through the third section 21 c of the clean air line 21.
  • the combustion gas exits the heat exchanger 20 at a temperature of about 300°C and pressure just above 0 Bar, before entering the waste heat boiler 120.
  • the combustion gas can be used to heat water in the water feed line 122 with the steam produced in the water feed line 122 being directed to the clean air line 21 to increase the thermal efficiency of the assembly 10, thus providing a steam injected gas turbine (SIGT) cycle.
  • SIGT steam injected gas turbine
  • the combustion gas then exits the waste heat boiler 120 and enters the gas cleaning unit 70.
  • the gas cleaning unit 70 separates ash and other combustion products such as SO x from the combustion gas.
  • the cleaned combustion gas then exits the cleaning unit 70 at line 71 and any dust/waste gas collected therefrom is disposed of via line 72.
  • the blower air line 124 receives a small percentage (about 0.5% or less) of the air in the clean air line 21 and directs same to the accumulator 110. Air can then be released from the accumulator 110 to the blower valves 125 when desired for removing soot from surfaces of the heat exchanger portions 32 and 34.
  • the clean air line 21 includes the auxiliary combustor 30 in the third portion 21c, between the heat exchanger 20 and the turbine 15.
  • the auxiliary combustor 30 is supplied with clean fuel via clean fuel line 81.
  • the auxiliary combustor 30 can be fired to run the assembly 10 as a normal directly fired gas turbine. In this mode, the heat exchanger 20 runs as a recuperator to increase efficiency of the assembly 10.
  • the auxiliary combustor 30 is typically fired for a limited period only, such as for facilitating rapid start-up of the gas turbine assembly 10, at which the auxiliary combustor 30 is turned off after start-up temperatures are achieved.
  • the auxiliary combustor 30 can also be fired to further heat the clean air at fourth section 21d, for boosting the output of the assembly 10 in times of high demand.
  • the clean fuel line 82 is also connected to the combustor inlet 41 for providing clean fuel at start-up to the cyclonic combustor 40. Once start-up temperature and combustion is achieved, further clean fuel from fuel line 82 is not required.
  • the engine exhaust line 22 preheats the combustor 40 and the heat exchanger 20 via the first and second branches 22a and 22b.
  • the heated air in the first branch 22a is used as the combustion air for the cyclonic combustor 40 which increases combustion temperature.
  • the cyclonic combustor 40 efficiently burns low grade fuels and removes the majority of ash prior to the combustion gas entering the combustor products line 24. Most of the ash is received in the quench tank 50 from which it can be removed and disposed of.
  • the present invention thus provides an indirectly fired gas turbine assembly which allows the use of low grade fuel in order to provide useable shaft power from a gas turbine engine.
  • Any combustible low grade fuel can be used, such as coal, biomass, garbage and heavy bunker fuel oils.
  • the useable shaft power can then be used as desired such as for generating electricity via a generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

An assembly (10) comprising: an engine (12) having a compressor (13) coupled via a shaft (14) to a turbine (15), the engine (12) having an inlet; a heat exchanger (20) having a radiant heat exchanger portion (32) and a convection heat exchanger portion (34); a combustor (40) having a combustor inlet (41) and a combustion products outlet (48); a clean air line (21) having a first section (21a) extending from the engine inlet and through the compressor (13), a second section (21b) extending from the compressor (13) to the heat exchanger (20), a third section (21c) within the heat exchanger (20) extending through the convection heat exchanger portion (34) and then the radiant heat exchanger portion (32), and a fourth section (21 d) extending from the heat exchanger (20) and through the turbine (15); an engine exhaust line (22) extending from the turbine (15) to the combustor inlet (41); a first fuel source (90) in communication with the engine exhaust line (22); and a combustor products line (24) extending from the combustion products outlet (48), through the radiant heat exchanger portion (32) and then the convection heat exchanger portion (34) of the heat exchanger (20) for providing heat energy in use to the third section (21c) of the clean air line (21).

Description

Indirectly Fired Gas Turbine Assembly
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an indirectly fired gas turbine assembly.
Background of the Invention
A gas turbine is a rotary engine which includes an upstream compressor coupled by a shaft to a downstream turbine. Energy is added to the engine directly or indirectly, via a combustor.
In a directly fired gas turbine (DFGT), the compressor compresses incoming air to a higher pressure arid temperature, and directs about 30% of the compressed air into an internal combustor (combustion chamber). Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and the mixture is ignited to produce high temperature gas which expands through and rotates the turbine. The remaining 70% of the air flows around the outside of the combustion chamber and cools the combustion gases prior to entry into the turbine section.
The shaft connecting the turbine to the compressor is typically coupled to a gearbox, and power from the output shaft of the gearbox is utilized as desired, such as for providing drive power to a vehicle or producing electricity via a generator.
Alternatively, the gearbox is omitted and the turbine shaft is directly connected to a high speed generator or other shaft power requirement.
In an indirectly fired gas turbine (IFGT), the internal combustor is omitted and the engine includes an external combustor disposed externally to a housing of the turbine and the compressor. The combustor in this assembly is in communication with a heat exchanger and supplies combustion heat thereto. Compressed air from the compressor is passed through the heat exchanger at which the compressed air is further heated. The heated compressed air is then supplied to the turbine for rotating same.
Although the thermal efficiency in an IFGT is lower than in a DFGT, the turbine blades in an IFGT are not subjected to combustion products. This allows alternative fuels, non-standard fuels, or lower grade cheaper fuels to be used in the combustor of an IFGT. Another advantage of an IFGT is that turbine life is extended compared to a DFGT, as there are no combustion products that can form deposits on or erode the turbine blades.
It would be desirable to improve the efficiency of an IFGT as well as be able to utilize other combustible products such as garbage waste. Object of the Invention
It is the object of the present invention to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate one or more of the prior art disadvantages or at least provide a useful alternative.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides an assembly comprising:
an engine having a compressor coupled via a shaft to a turbine, the engine having an inlet;
a heat exchanger having a radiant heat exchanger portion and a convection heat exchanger portion;
a combustor having a combustor inlet and a combustion products outlet;
a clean air line having a first section extending from the engine inlet and through the compressor, a second section extending from the compressor to the heat exchanger, a third section within the heat exchanger extending through the convection heat exchanger portion and then the radiant heat exchanger portion, and a fourth section extending from the heat exchanger and through the turbine;
an engine exhaust line extending from the turbine to the combustor inlet;
a first fuel source in communication with the engine exhaust line; and
a combustor products line extending from the combustion products outlet, through the radiant heat exchanger portion and then the convection heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger for providing heat energy in use to the third section of the clean air line.
Preferably, the radiant heat exchanger portion and the convection heat exchanger portion are arranged in series adjacent each other.
The combustor is preferably a cyclonic combustor having a hollow vertically oriented housing, the housing having a top wall and a waste outlet orifice at a lower end thereof, and wherein the combustor inlet and the combustion products outlet are adjacent the top wall. The housing preferably includes an upper section, a cylindrical middle section, and a tapered lower section having the waste outlet orifice at a lower end thereof.
The housing upper section preferably comprises the top wall and a downwardly extending side wall, wherein the combustor inlet is an inlet tube which extends into a portion of the side wall, the longitudinal axis of the inlet tube being offset from a central vertical axis of the housing for directing incoming air and fuel mixture in use to a section of the internal wall of the side wall. The upper section side wall preferably includes a short internally extending flange at a lower portion thereof, the cylindrical middle section extends downwardly from the flange, and the tapered lower section extends from a lower end of the cylindrical middle section.
The combustion products outlet is preferably an exit tube extending vertically through the top wall, wherein the exit tube is connected to the combustor products line.
The assembly preferably further includes a quench tank filled with water disposed below the waste outlet orifice of the cyclonic combustor. The quench tank preferably includes a conical lower portion for collecting ash and an ash removal means extending from the bottom of the tank for removing ash therefrom.
The radiant heat exchanger is preferably a tube lined heat exchanger, wherein the combustor products line passes within an external outer tube forming a portion of the third section of the clean air line.
The portions of the clean air line and combustor products line within the heat exchanger preferably comprise tubes having a plurality of distortions therein to increase flow turbulence and improve heat exchanger efficiency. The distortions preferably include one or more of bends, depressions, corrugations, protrusions, and dimple formations in the tubes.
The assembly preferably further includes an auxiliary combustor in the fourth section of the clean air line, wherein the clean air line extends from the heat exchanger and into the auxiliary combustor, and from the auxiliary combustor and into the turbine. The assembly preferably further includes a clean fuel line extending from a second fuel source to the auxiliary combustor. The clean fuel line preferably includes a second branch connected to the combustor inlet.
The first fuel source is preferably a low grade fuel source, preferably fed into the engine exhaust line via a fuel controller hopper.
The engine exhaust line preferably includes a second branch which extends to the combustor products line upstream of the heat exchanger. The engine exhaust line preferably includes at least one valve for controlling the relative volume of exhaust gas flowing to the combustor and to the combustor products line.
The assembly preferably further includes a waste heat boiler into which the combustor products line extends downstream from the heat exchanger, and a water feed line extending from a water source, though the waste heat boiler and to the clean air line upstream of the heat exchanger. The assembly preferably further includes an air accumulator, a blower air line extending from the clean air line upstream of the heat exchanger into the air accumulator and from the air accumulator to blower valves located within the heat exchanger for blowing air and removing ash from the heat exchanger surfaces.
The assembly preferably further includes a gas cleaning unit into which the combustor products line extends into downstream from the heat exchanger, wherein the gas cleaning unit separates ash and other combustion products from the combustion products gas.
The present invention also provides a method of operating an assembly comprising an engine having a compressor coupled via a shaft to a turbine, a heat exchanger having a radiant heat exchanger portion and a convection heat exchanger portion, and a combustor having an inlet and a combustion products outlet, the method comprising:
directing clean air through the compressor, through the convection heat exchanger portion and then the radiant heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger, and then through the turbine;
directing exhaust gas from the turbine to the combustor inlet;
providing a first fuel to mix with the exhaust gas upstream of the combustor inlet; igniting the mixture of first fuel and exhaust gas within the combustor; and directing combustor products gas from the combustor products outlet through the radiant heat exchanger portion and then the convection heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger for providing heat energy to the clean air flowing through the heat exchanger.
The method preferably further includes the step of further heating the clean air exiting the heat exchanger via an auxiliary combustor before directing the heated clean air into the turbine.
The first fuel is preferably a low grade fuel which is fed into the exhaust gas via a fuel controller hopper.
The method preferably further includes directing a portion of the exhaust gas to join the combustor products gas upstream of the heat exchanger.
The method preferably farther includes providing steam to the clean air upstream of the heat exchanger.
The method preferably further includes directing some of the clean air upstream of the heat exchanger into blower valves located within the heat exchanger for blowing air and removing ash from the heat exchanger surfaces." The method preferably further includes directing waste products from the combustor into a quench tank filled with water.
The method preferably further includes providing clean fuel to the combustor during startup.
The method preferably further includes coupling a gearbox to the turbine shaft, and coupling an output shaft of che. gearbox to a generator for generating electricity.
Alternatively, the gearbox output shaft can be used to provide shaft power as required.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Preferred forms of the present invention will now be described by way of examples only with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: ·
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirectly fired gas turbine assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section view of a cyclonic combustion chamber for the assembly of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3 is a top view of the cyclonic combustion chamber of Figure 2;
Figure 4 is a cross-section along line A-A of the cyclonic combustion chamber of Figure 2; and
Figure 5 is a schematic cross-section view of the cyclonic combustion chamber and the quench tank of Figure 1.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirectly fired gas turbine (IFGT) assembly 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The assembly 10 includes a commercially available gas turbine engine 12. The engine 12 includes a compressor 13 coupled via a shaft 14 to a turbine 15. The shaft 14 is coupled to a gearbox 16 which includes an output shaft 17. The output shaft 17 in this embodiment is coupled to a generator 18 for generating electricity. The engine 12 is enclosed within an external casing 19.
Externally of the casing 19, the assembly 10 further includes a heat exchanger 20, an auxiliary combustor 30, a cyclonic combustor 40, a quench tank 50, a fuel controller hopper 60, a gas cleaning unit 70, an air accumulator 1 10 and a waste heat boiler 120.
The assembly 10 includes a clean air line 21 for atmospheric clean air 100, the clean air line 21 having a first section 21a extending from externally of the casing 19 through an inlet of the engine 12 and through the compressor 13. A second section 21b of the clean air line 21 extends from the compressor 13 and exits the casing 19, and a third section 21c thereof passes through the heat exchanger 20 and into the auxiliary combustor 30. A fourth section 21d of the clean air line 21 then exists the auxiliary combustor 30 and enters the casing 19 to direct air through the turbine 15.
The assembly 10 further includes an engine exhaust line 22 which extends from the turbine 15 and branches off at a junction 27 between a first branch 22a which extends to an inlet 1 the cyclonic combustor 40, and a second branch 22b which extends to a combustor products line 24 which is further described below. The first branch 22a includes a first valve 23 therein and the second branch 22b includes a second valve 26 therein, with both the first and second valves 23 and 26 being downstream of the junction 27.
The combustor products line 24 extends from the cyclonic combustor 40 through the heat exchanger 20, into the waste heat boiler 120 and into the gas cleaning unit 70. The second branch 22b of the engine exhaust line 22 is connected to the combustor products line 24 upstream of the heat exchanger 20.
A clean fuel line 81 having a control valve 84 extends from a clean fuel source 80 to the auxiliary combustor 30. The clean fuel line 81 includes a second branch 82 having a control valve 85 which is connected to the cyclonic combustor inlet 41.
A low grade fuel line 91 extends from a low grade fuel source 90 for supplying low grade fuel into the fuel control hopper 60. The fuel control hopper 60 is connected to the first branch 22a of the engine exhaust line 22, downstream from the first valve 23 and upstream from the cyclonic combustor inlet 41.
The heat exchanger 20 is divided into a radiant heat exchanger portion 32 and a convection heat exchanger portion 34 arranged adjacent and in series with each other. In the combustor products line 24, the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is provided upstream relative to the convection heat exchanger portion 34. In the clean air line 21 , the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is downstream relative to the convection heat exchanger portion 34.
The combustor products line 24 extends into the waste heat boiler 120 from the heat exchanger 20. A water feed line 122 extends from a water source 121 , though the waste heat boiler 120 and joins with the second section 21b of the clean air line 21 upstream of the heat exchanger 20. A blower air line 124 extends from the second section 21b of the clean air line 21 to the air accumulator 110, and from the air accumulator 110 to blower valves 125 located within the heat exchanger portions 32 and 34 of the heat exchanger 20. The blower air line 124 includes a relief valve 126.
The gas cleaning unit 70 separates ash and other combustion products such as SOx from the combustion products gas and includes a first line 71 for emitting cleaned gas to the atmosphere and a second line 72 for ash and waste gas collection and disposal.
The cyclonic combustor 40 will now be described with reference to Figures 2 to 5. The cyclonic combustor 40 includes a tubular hollow vertically oriented housing 45. The housing 45 is generally circular in cross-section and includes a refractory lining 46 at an internal wall thereof.
The housing 45 includes an upper section 45a, a cylindrical middle section 45b, and a tapered lower section 45c. The upper section 45a comprises a horizontal flat top wall 49, a downwardly extending circular side wall 54 and the inlet 41. The inlet 41 is a horizontal circular or rectangular section hollow tube which extends into a portion of the side wall 54. The longitudinal axis of the inlet 41 is offset from a central vertical axis of the housing 45, for directing incoming air and fuel mixture in use to a section of the internal wall of the side wall 54. This initiates the downward spiral or cyclonic movement of the air/fuel mixture within the combustor 40 around and along the refractory lining 46 thereof. The side wall 54 includes a short internally extending flange 55 at a lower portion thereof.
A combustion products outlet in the form of an exit tube 48 extends vertically through the top wall 49, with a lower end of the exit tube 48 extending slightly below the level of the flange 55. The exit tube 48 connects to the combustor products line 24.
The cylindrical middle section 45b extends downwardly from an internal periphery of the flange 55. The tapered lower section 45c extends from the lower end of the second section 45b, to a waste outlet orifice 47 at a lower end thereof. The waste outlet orifice 47 is directed to the quench tank 50 which is filled with water 51. The quench tank 50 includes a conical lower portion 53 for collecting ash therein. An ash removal crew 52 extends from the bottom of the tank 50 for removing ash therefrom. A level of water 51 is maintained in the quench tank 50 such that a seal is formed at the orifice 47 and the combustion gases will not flow into the quench tank 50.
In the internal space within the cyclonic combustor 40, the combustor 40 defines a large fuel particle retaining section 42 within the upper section 45a above the flange 55, a combustion zone 43 between the flange 55 and the lower end of the exit tube 48, and an ash separation zone 44 at the junction between the middle section 45b and the lower section 45c.
Referring back to Figure 1, the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is a high temperature heat exchanger comprising appropriate materials such as alloy or ceramic material in order to accommodate the high temperature and corrosive conditions. The convection heat exchanger portion 34 is a lower temperature heat exchanger and can be manufactured from lower grade cheaper materials. The radiant heat exchanger portion 32 is a tube lined chamber, wherein the combustor products line 24 passes within an external outer tube forming a portion of the third section 21 c of the clean air line 21. The tubes in the radiant and convection heat exchanger portions 32 and 34 include a number of distortions therein such as bends, dimples and corrugations to increase flow turbulence and improve heat exchanger effectiveness.
Operation of the assembly 10 will now be described. It is to be noted that the temperatures and pressures mentioned below are examples only and relate to a specific gas turbine engine. Actual temperatures and pressures will vary depending on the configuration and size of the gas turbine engine used.
Atmospheric clean air 100 at ambient temperature of about 20°C and a pressure of 0 Bar enters the clean air line 21 at first section 21a at which the air is directed into the compressor 13. After the air is compressed by the compressor 13, clean air at second section 21b has an increased temperature of about 200°C and an increased pressure of about 6 Bar. The air then passes through the heat exchanger 20 and at fourth section 21 d it has an increased temperature of about 900°C and pressure is maintained at about 6 Bar. The air is then directed through the turbine 15 and exits at the exhaust line 22 having a temperature of about 600°C and a pressure of about 0.15 Bar.
Around 50% of the air at the exhaust line 22 is directed via the first branch 22a to the combustor inlet 41 and the other 50% is directed via the second branch 22b to combustor products line 24. The first and second valves 23 and 26 allow the ratio of the air diverted between the first and second branches 22a and 22b to be varied as required. The air in the first branch 22a is mixed with low grade fuel from the fuel hopper 60 prior to entering the inlet 41.
In the cyclonic combustor 40, the fuel/air mixture is swirled in a downward cyclonic/spiral path and is burnt which produces combustion product gas in line 24 having a temperature of between 1,200°C and 1800°C and a pressure of about 0.10 Bar. The combustion product gas then enters the radiant heat exchanger portion 32 and then the convection heat exchanger portion 34, with which the combustion gas transfers heat to the clean air flowing through the third section 21 c of the clean air line 21. The combustion gas exits the heat exchanger 20 at a temperature of about 300°C and pressure just above 0 Bar, before entering the waste heat boiler 120. Here, the combustion gas can be used to heat water in the water feed line 122 with the steam produced in the water feed line 122 being directed to the clean air line 21 to increase the thermal efficiency of the assembly 10, thus providing a steam injected gas turbine (SIGT) cycle. The combustion gas then exits the waste heat boiler 120 and enters the gas cleaning unit 70.
The gas cleaning unit 70 separates ash and other combustion products such as SOx from the combustion gas. The cleaned combustion gas then exits the cleaning unit 70 at line 71 and any dust/waste gas collected therefrom is disposed of via line 72.
The blower air line 124 receives a small percentage (about 0.5% or less) of the air in the clean air line 21 and directs same to the accumulator 110. Air can then be released from the accumulator 110 to the blower valves 125 when desired for removing soot from surfaces of the heat exchanger portions 32 and 34.
The clean air line 21 includes the auxiliary combustor 30 in the third portion 21c, between the heat exchanger 20 and the turbine 15. The auxiliary combustor 30 is supplied with clean fuel via clean fuel line 81. The auxiliary combustor 30 can be fired to run the assembly 10 as a normal directly fired gas turbine. In this mode, the heat exchanger 20 runs as a recuperator to increase efficiency of the assembly 10. The auxiliary combustor 30 is typically fired for a limited period only, such as for facilitating rapid start-up of the gas turbine assembly 10, at which the auxiliary combustor 30 is turned off after start-up temperatures are achieved. The auxiliary combustor 30 can also be fired to further heat the clean air at fourth section 21d, for boosting the output of the assembly 10 in times of high demand.
The clean fuel line 82 is also connected to the combustor inlet 41 for providing clean fuel at start-up to the cyclonic combustor 40. Once start-up temperature and combustion is achieved, further clean fuel from fuel line 82 is not required.
At start-up, the engine exhaust line 22 preheats the combustor 40 and the heat exchanger 20 via the first and second branches 22a and 22b. The heated air in the first branch 22a is used as the combustion air for the cyclonic combustor 40 which increases combustion temperature. The cyclonic combustor 40 efficiently burns low grade fuels and removes the majority of ash prior to the combustion gas entering the combustor products line 24. Most of the ash is received in the quench tank 50 from which it can be removed and disposed of.
The present invention thus provides an indirectly fired gas turbine assembly which allows the use of low grade fuel in order to provide useable shaft power from a gas turbine engine. Any combustible low grade fuel can be used, such as coal, biomass, garbage and heavy bunker fuel oils. The useable shaft power can then be used as desired such as for generating electricity via a generator.
Although a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, it will be apparent to skilled persons that modifications can be made to the above embodiment or that that the invention can be embodied in other forms.

Claims

Claims:
1. An assembly comprising:
an engine having a compressor coupled via a shaft to a turbine, the engine having an inlet;
a heat exchanger having a radiant heat exchanger portion and a convection heat exchanger portion;
a combustor having a combustor inlet and a combustion products outlet;
a clean air line having a first section extending from the engine inlet and through the compressor, a second section extending from the compressor to the heat exchanger, a third section within the heat exchanger extending through the convection heat exchanger portion and then the radiant heat exchanger portion, and a fourth section extending from the heat exchanger and through the turbine;
an engine exhaust line extending from the turbine to the combustor inlet;
a first fuel source in communication with the engine exhaust line; and
a combustor products line extending from the combustion products outlet, through the radiant heat exchanger portion and then the convection heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger for providing heat energy in use to the third section of the clean air line.
2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the radiant heat exchanger portion and the convection heat exchanger portion are arranged in series adjacent each other.
3. The assembly of claim 1 or 2 wherein the combustor is a cyclonic combustor having a hollow vertically oriented housing, the housing having a top wall and a waste outlet orifice at a lower end thereof, and wherein the combustor inlet and the combustion products outlet are adjacent the top wall.
4. The assembly of claim 3 wherein the housing includes an upper section, a cylindrical middle section, and a tapered lower section having the waste outlet orifice at a lower end thereof.
5. The assembly of claim 4 wherein the housing upper section comprises the top wall and a downwardly extending side wall, wherein the combustor inlet is an inlet tube which extends into a portion of the side wall, the longitudinal axis of the inlet tube being offset from a central vertical axis of the housing for directing incoming air and fuel mixture in use to a section of the internal wall of the side wall.
6. The assembly of claim 5 wherein the upper section side wall includes a short internally extending flange at a lower portion thereof, the cylindrical middle section extends downwardly from the flange, and the tapered lower section extends from a lower end of the cylindrical middle section.
7. The assembly of any one of claim 3 to 6 wherein the combustion products outlet is an exit tube extending vertically through the top wall, wherein the exit tube is connected to the combustor products line.
8. The assembly of any one of claims 3 to 7 further including a quench tank filled with water disposed below the waste outlet orifice of the cyclonic combustor.
9. The assembly of claim 8 wherein the quench tank includes a conical lower portion for collecting ash and an ash removal means extending from the bottom of the tank for removing ash therefrom.
10. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the radiant heat exchanger is a tube lined heat exchanger, wherein the combustor products line passes within an external outer tube forming a portion of the third section of the clean air line.
11. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein portions of the clean air lint and combustor products line within the heat exchanger comprise tubes having a plurality of distortions therein to increase flow turbulence and improve heat exchanger efficiency.
12. The assembly of claim 1 1 wherein the distortions include one or more of bends, depressions, corrugations, protrusions, and dimple formations in the tubes.
13. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein further including an auxiliary combustor in the fourth section of the clean air line, wherein the clean air line extends from the heat exchanger and into the auxiliary combustor, and from the auxiliary combustor and into the turbine.
14. The assembly of claim 13 further including a clean fuel line extending from a second fuel source to the auxiliary combustor.
15. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the clean fuel line includes a second branch connected to the combustor inlet.
16. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the first fuel source is a low grade fuel source.
17. The assembly of claim 16 wherein the low grade fuel is fed into the engine exhaust line via a fuel controller hopper.
18. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein the engine exhaust line includes a second branch which extends to the combustor products line upstream of the heat exchanger.
19. The assembly of claim 18 wherein the engine exhaust line includes at least one valve for controlling the relative volume of exhaust gas flowing to the combustor and to the combustor products line.
20. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 19 wherein further including a waste heat boiler into which the combustor products line extends downstream from the heat exchanger, and a water feed line extending from a water source, though the waste heat boiler and to the clean air line upstream of the heat exchanger.
21. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 20 further including an air accumulator, a blower air line extending from the clean air line upstream of the heat exchanger into the air accumulator and from the air accumulator to blower valves located within the heat exchanger for blowing air and removing ash from the heat exchanger surfaces.
22. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 21 further including a gas cleaning unit into which the combustor products line extends into downstream from the heat exchanger, wherein the gas cleaning unit separates ash and other combustion products from the combustion products gas.
21 . A method of operating an assembly comprising an engine haying a compressor coupled via a shaft to a turbine, a heat exchanger having a radiant heat exchanger portion and a convection heat exchanger portion, and a combustor having an inlet and a combustion products outlet, the method, comprising:
directing clean air through the compressor, through the convection heat exchanger portion and then the radiant heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger, and then through the turbine;
directing exhaust gas from the turbine to the combustor inlet;
providing a first fuel to mix with the exhaust gas upstream of the combustor inlet; igniting the mixture of first fuel and exhaust gas within the combustor; and directing combustor products gas from the combustor products outlet through the radiant heat exchanger portion and then the convection heat exchanger portion of the heat exchanger for providing heat energy to the clean air flowing through the heat exchanger.
22. The method of claim 21 further including the step of further heating the clean air exiting the heat exchanger via an auxiliary combustor before directing the heated clean air into the turbine.
23. The method of claim 21 or 22 wherein the first fuel is a low grade fuel which is fed into the exhaust gas via a fuel controller hopper.
24. The method of any one of claims 21 to 23 further including directing a portion of the exhaust gas to join the combustor products gas upstream of the heat exchanger.
25. The method of any one of claims 21 to 24 further including providing steam to the clean air upstream of the heat exchanger.
s 26. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25 further including directing some of the clean air upstream of the heat exchanger into blower valves located within the heat exchanger for blowing air and removing ash from the heat exchanger surfaces.
27. The method of any one of claims 21 to 26 further including directing waste products from the combustor into a quench tank filled with water.
0
PCT/AU2011/000740 2010-06-18 2011-06-17 Indirectly fired gas turbine assembly WO2011156871A1 (en)

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AU2010902679A AU2010902679A0 (en) 2010-06-18 Indirectly fired gas turbine assembly

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