JP2019122942A - Recycling apparatus and method of special clothes - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a recycling apparatus and a method of special clothes capable of stably and easily crushing special clothes and easily recovering valuable metal.SOLUTION: A recycling apparatus 1 of special clothes includes a heating device 2 which heats the special clothes W at 300 to 600°C in order to embrittle the special clothes W and a crushing device (a first crushing device 3) which crushes embrittled special clothes. A screening device (a first screening device 5) which screens crushed material C1 by means of the crushing device into non-metallic substance (low density material) L utilized as fuel and metal (high density material) H utilized as metal raw material may be provided. A second crushing device 4 which further crushes the crushed material crushed by the crushing device is provided, and the screening device (the first screening device 5) can screen the crushed material crushed by the second crushing device into non-metallic substance and metal. A second screening device 6 which further screens metal screened by the screening device at every metal kind may be provided.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for recycling specialty garments by thermal recycling.

  Currently, in Japan, about 940,000 tons of clothes that are no longer needed are discharged annually, and about 75% of them are disposed of by incineration or landfill. Various types of recycling are being carried out to reduce the amount of such clothes disposed of. For example, clothes are reused in Japan as waste used in factories etc. or used clothes, or are exported overseas.

  However, in recent years, domestic transfer of waste has decreased due to overseas relocation of factories. In addition, the demand for old clothes is decreasing at home and abroad due to the decline in the price of clothes. Therefore, it is difficult to expand the recycling of clothes as waste and used clothes in the future.

  Therefore, thermal recycling of clothes has attracted attention. Thermal recycling is not simply incinerating waste, but recovering and effectively utilizing the thermal energy generated during incineration, and various wastes are being promoted.

  In the case of thermal recycling of clothes, in order to improve the flammability, it is practiced to crush the clothes and then burn them, but when shredding the clothes with the crusher, the fibers of the clothes fluff and expand, or the fibers of the clothes May be entangled in the interior of the crusher, making it difficult to operate the crusher stably. In particular, special clothes such as fireproof clothes and battle clothes, which are required to have mechanical strength and / or flame resistance, heat resistance and the like, are extremely difficult to be crushed than ordinary clothes.

  In addition, when special clothing is broken into fuel as it is, fasteners such as fasteners, and decorative parts and fibers are entangled, so copper (Cu) contained in fasteners and decorative parts It is also difficult to recover valuable metals such as aluminum (Al).

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, and it is possible to stably and easily break special clothes, and to recycle special metals which can also easily recover valuable metals. It is an object to provide an apparatus and method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a recycling apparatus for special clothing, and a heating apparatus that heats at 300 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower in order to embrittle the special clothing, and crushing for crushing the special clothing that is embrittled. And an apparatus.

Here, unlike general clothing, special clothing is used in special applications where mechanical strength, flame resistance, heat resistance, cut resistance, etc. are required, fire protection clothing, combat clothing, work clothing, SDF, firefighting -Police uniforms, cut wound gloves, heat resistant gloves, bulletproof vests etc.

According to the present invention, the special clothing is expanded by heating the special clothing at 300 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower by the heating device so that the special clothing expands when the special clothing is shredded, and the fibers are entangled inside the shredding device. It becomes possible to easily shred the special clothes without being dulled. In addition, since the fibers are embrittled, it is possible to easily separate the fibers from the fasteners or decorative parts.

The special clothes recycling apparatus may be provided with a sorting apparatus for sorting a nonmetallic substance that uses the crushed material by the crushing apparatus as a fuel and a metal that is used as a metal raw material, and thermal recycling the nonmetallic substance It is possible to recycle metals as well as

  The special clothes recycling apparatus includes a second crushing apparatus for further crushing the crushed material, and the sorting apparatus is capable of separating the crushed material crushed by the second crushing apparatus into a nonmetallic substance and a metal. As a result, even if the special garment has cut resistance and the like, the special garment which has been embrittled by heating can be crushed more reliably.

The special clothes recycling apparatus may include a second crushing apparatus for further crushing the non-metallic material sorted by the sorting apparatus. This can further facilitate the utilization of non-metallic substances as fuel. Moreover, since metal is removed in the front | former stage of a 2nd crushing apparatus, abrasion of a 2nd crushing apparatus can also be reduced.

The special clothes recycling apparatus may further include a second sorting apparatus for sorting the metals sorted by the sorting apparatus according to metal species, whereby the recovered metals are sorted according to metal species, It is possible to facilitate metal recycling.

  In the special garment recycling apparatus, the first crushing apparatus is at least one selected from a jaw crusher, a roll crusher, a hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, and a 4-shaft crusher. It is also good. By using these crushing devices, it becomes possible to crush special clothes without damaging the crushing devices even when there are metal parts.

  In the special clothes recycling apparatus, the second crushing apparatus may be one or more selected from a hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, a 4-shaft crusher, a cutter mill, a roller mill and a ball mill. It may be. By using these crushing devices, it is possible to further crush special clothes efficiently.

The present invention is also a method of recycling special clothes, comprising a heating step of heating at 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less to embrittle the special clothes, and a crushing step of crushing the embrittled special clothes. How to recycle special clothes characterized by

  According to the present invention, the special garment is heated and embrittled at 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less to prevent fiber entanglement at the time of crushing and expansion of the broken special garment, thereby easily breaking the special garment. It becomes possible. In addition, since the fibers are embrittled, it is possible to easily separate the fibers from the fasteners or decorative parts. Furthermore, by heating at 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less, it becomes possible to embrittle the garment while leaving a sufficient amount of heat of the fiber to be a fuel.

The recycling method of the special garment may include a sorting step of sorting the crushed material in the crushing step into non-metallic substances using as fuel and metals using as metal raw materials, whereby the non-metallic substances are used as fuel As well as thermal recycling, it also becomes possible to recycle metals.

  The recycling method of the special garment may have a second crushing step of further crushing the crushed material, and the sorting step converts the crushed material broken in the second crushing step into a non-metallic substance and a metal. It can be sorted out. Thereby, even when the special garment has cut wound resistance and the like, the special garment which is embrittled by heating can be crushed more reliably.

The method may further include a second crushing step of further crushing the nonmetallic material sorted in the sorting step, further facilitating utilization of the nonmetallic material as fuel, and prolonging the life of the device used in the second crushing step. It can also be done.

  The method may further include a second sorting step of sorting the metals sorted in the sorting step according to metal species. The metals recovered in the second sorting step can be sorted according to metal species to facilitate metal recycling.

  As described above, according to the present invention, crushing of special clothes can be stably and easily performed, and valuable metals can be recycled.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a whole block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the recycle apparatus of the special clothing which concerns on this invention. It is a flow chart which shows the recycling method of the special clothes concerning the present invention.

  Next, an embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a special clothes recycling apparatus according to the present invention, and this recycling apparatus 1 comprises a heating device 2, a first crushing device 3, a second crushing device 4 and a first sorting device 5. And the second sorting device 6 and the like.

The special clothes W to be recycled are as shown below, which are mostly made of synthetic fibers, have high mechanical strength, have a multilayer structure, and have a considerable thickness. There are many things.
Fire protection clothing (coating for fire protection): single or two or more blends of meta-aramid fibers, para-aramid fibers, polyparaphenylene benzoxazole fibers, etc. Combat clothing: vinylon blended cotton, etc. work clothes, self-defense forces / firefighting / police Uniforms: cotton, polyester blend, cut resistant gloves, heat resistant gloves: meta-aramid fiber, para-aramid fiber, polyarylate fiber, polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole fiber, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, polyurethane fiber etc. alone or Two or more types of blended and bulletproof vests: fibers are similar to fireproof clothing.

For example, in the fire protection clothing, the above-mentioned fiber is used for the outer surface, the polytetrafluoroethylene resin, polyurethane resin, etc. are used for the moisture permeation waterproof layer under the outer surface, and the heat insulation layer under that is the same as the outer surface. Materials are used.

  The heating device 2 is a device that heats the special clothing W to be charged to embrittle the fibers. By embrittling the fibers, the fibers of the special clothing W can be easily crushed without being expanded or entangled in the crushing device during crushing. In addition, it is possible to prevent the fiber from being entangled in the decorative part, and it is possible to easily separate the fiber and the decorative part.

  As the heating device 2, a continuous type or batch type dry distillation furnace or a roasting furnace can be used. The special clothes W are not easy to crush, difficult to reduce in diameter, and efficient in heating as they are, so inflow of oxygen is interrupted at the time of heating from the viewpoint of heat storage. Is preferred. Therefore, it is desirable to use a feeder which does not have a rotary feeder such as a screw feeder or a circle feeder and which is a batch rather than a continuous feeder.

  The first crushing apparatus 3 is provided to crush the special clothing W that has been embrittled by heating. A jaw crusher, a roll crusher, a hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, a 4-shaft crusher, etc. can be used as the first crusher 3, or these may be used alone or You may use in combination. By using these first crushing devices 3, even when a decorative part made of metal is present in the special clothes W, it becomes possible to crush the special clothes W without breakage of the first crushing device 3.

  The second crushing apparatus 4 is an apparatus for further crushing the crushed material C1 of the special clothes W crushed by the first crushing apparatus 3. A hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, a 4-shaft crusher, a cutter mill, a roller mill, a ball mill or the like can be used as the second crushing device 4, and these may be used alone. Alternatively, they may be used in combination. By using these second crushing devices 4, it is possible to more reliably crush the special clothing W embrittled by heating.

  The first sorting device 5 converts the crushed material C2 of the special clothing W crushed by the second crushing device 4 into a low specific gravity substance L including a fiber which is a non-metallic substance to be a fuel and a high specific gravity substance H including a metal. It is an apparatus to sort. A wind sorting device can be used as the first sorting device 5. By using the wind power sorting device, it is possible to efficiently separate the fiber and the metal with a simple configuration, and it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost and the operation cost of the recycling device 1.

  Here, instead of arranging the second crushing apparatus 4 immediately after the first crushing apparatus 3, the first sorting apparatus 5 is arranged immediately after the first crushing apparatus 3, and then the second crushing apparatus 4 is arranged, It is also possible to prevent the wear of the second crushing apparatus 4 by collecting valuable metals of decorative parts such as buttons and fasteners from the special clothes W by the first sorting apparatus 5 and crushing the same with the second crushing apparatus 4.

  The second sorting device 6 is a device for sorting the metals contained in the high-specific-gravity substance H sorted by the first sorting device 5 according to metal species. As the second sorting device 6, a magnetic force sorting device, a sorting device using an eddy current, an air table or the like can be used. By providing the second sorting device 6, the recovered valuable metals can be sorted according to metal species such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and the like, and valuable metals can be easily recycled. It becomes. When the high specific gravity substance H collected by the first sorting device 5 is used effectively as it is, the second sorting device 6 can be omitted. Further, the order of the wind sorting device of the first sorting device 5 and the second sorting device 6 is not particularly limited as long as metal recovery is possible. Further, the type and combination of the sorting apparatus and the increase and decrease of the process may be appropriately designed according to the type of metal contained and the type of metal to be recovered.

  Next, a method of recycling special clothes using the recycling apparatus 1 having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG.

  First, the special clothes W are put into the heating device 2 and heated (step S1). This special clothes W is heated at a temperature of 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less for 10 minutes or more and 100 minutes or less. The heating temperature and the heating time may be set so that the reduction rate of the weight after heating is 3% or more and 50% or less based on the weight before heating the special clothing W. The heating temperature is set to 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less in consideration of the heat resistance temperature of the aramid fibers forming the fire protection clothing being 200 to 500 ° C. The heating temperature is less than 300 ° C., or the weight loss If the rate is less than 3%, the fibers of the special garment W and the decorative part may not be sufficiently separated in the next crushing step. When the heating temperature is 600 ° C., or the weight loss rate exceeds 50%, the recovery rate of fibers to be a fuel may be lowered. The lower limit of the heating temperature is preferably 350 ° C., and the upper limit is preferably 450 ° C. or less, more preferably 400 ° C. or less.

  Next, the special clothes W embrittled by heating is put into the first crushing device 3 and broken (Step S2). As a result, both the fibers of the special garment W and the decorative part are broken. Then, the crushed material C1 of the special clothes W is put into the second crushing device 4 and broken (Step S3). As a result, the fibers of the special clothes W and the decorative parts are more reliably broken. In addition, in order to utilize a crushed product as a fuel, it is desirable to crush it to 200 mm or less. In addition, in consideration of the load of crushing, it is desirable that the size of the sieve at the time of classifying the crushed material be 10 mm or more.

  Next, the crushed material C2 of the special clothes W is put into the first sorting device 5 and sorted into a low specific gravity substance L including fibers serving as fuel and a high specific gravity substance H including metal (step S4). In the present embodiment, the first sorting device 5 is a wind sorting device, and sorting using wind is performed.

  Next, the selected low specific gravity substance L and high specific gravity substance H are separately collected (step S5). The low specific gravity substance L collected contains fibers serving as fuel and is subjected to thermal recycling.

  On the other hand, the high specific gravity substance H contains metals that can be recycled and which can be traded (valuable metals). Therefore, the collected high specific gravity substance H is sorted by metal type by the second sorting device 6 (step S6). Thereby, the sorted copper, aluminum, etc. are collected separately (step S7), and a series of operations are completed.

In the above embodiment, the sorting is carried out, but it is also possible to put it into the tail of a cement plant without sorting. Also, in the case of metal sorting, it is sufficient if the metal can be recovered, a method of performing specific gravity sorting and performing magnetic force sorting and eddy current sorting, a method of performing only magnetic force sorting and eddy current sorting, a method of performing sorting using an air table, What is necessary is just to adjust the combination and order of the existing sorting devices suitably, for example, collect | recovering metal as a rubbish with a vertical mill.

  Furthermore, in the above embodiment, although the case where the second crushing in step S3 is continuously performed after the first crushing in step S2 has been described, after the crushing in step S2, the sorting in step S4 and step S5 and Recovery may be performed and then second crushing may be performed. As a result, the amount of metal input to the second crushing device 4 is reduced, so the wear of the second crushing device 4 can be reduced.

  Next, test examples of the method of recycling special clothes according to the present invention will be described.

  In this test, two kinds of high-performance fiber products that are resistant to cutting and heat resistance using the materials shown in Table 1 are used as samples (special clothes W), an electric furnace is used as the heating device 2 and a crushing device 3 is used. A cutting mill (SM2000 manufactured by Lecce) was used. And the weight before and behind heating was measured, and the weight reduction rate was calculated | required. The ash content was measured in accordance with JIS M 8812, and the heat amount was measured in accordance with JIS M 8814.

First, the sample was heated in an electric furnace at 300-450 ° C. for 30 minutes. The residual weight and residual heat quantity of the sample after heating are shown in Table 2. The residual heat was calculated by dividing the retained heat of the embrittlement at each temperature by the remaining weight by the retained heat of the untreated product.

  Next, each 30 g of heated sample was put into a cutting mill, ground for 10 seconds, and passed through a 10 or 20 mm square mesh screen. Table 3 shows the ratio of passing through the 10 mm square mesh screen, and Table 4 shows the ratio of passing through the 20 mm square mesh screen.

From the above test, it was confirmed that the friability can be improved while maintaining the fuel grade by heating and embrittling the special clothes. In addition, when the heated sample B was crushed and a screen of 10 mm was used, metal threads were entangled and remained. Therefore, what remains on the sieve may be recovered as metal.

1 Special Garment Recycling Device 2 Heating Device 3 First Crushing Device 4 Second Crushing Device 5 First Sorting Device 6 Second Sorting Device C1, C2 Crushed Material H High Specific Gravity Material L Low Specific Gravity Material W Special Garment

Claims (12)

A heating device that heats at 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less to embrittle special clothing;
And a shredding device for shredding the embrittled special clothing.   The recycling apparatus for special clothing according to claim 1, further comprising a sorting device for sorting the crushed material by the crushing device into a non-metallic substance used as a fuel and a metal used as a metal raw material. A second crushing apparatus for further crushing the crushed material;
The recycling apparatus for special clothing according to claim 2, wherein the sorting device sorts the crushed material crushed by the second crushing device into a non-metallic substance and a metal.   The special clothes recycling apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a second crushing apparatus for further crushing the non-metallic substances sorted by the sorting apparatus.   The recycling apparatus for special clothing according to any one of claims 2 to 4, further comprising a second sorting device for sorting metals sorted by the sorting device according to metal species.   The first crushing apparatus is one or more selected from a jaw crusher, a roll crusher, a hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, and a tetraaxial crusher. The special clothes recycling device according to any one of 5.   The second crushing apparatus is one or more selected from a hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a uniaxial crusher, a biaxial crusher, a 4-shaft crusher, a cutter mill, a roller mill and a ball mill. The special-garment recycling apparatus according to any one of 3 to 6. A heating step of heating at 300 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less to embrittle the special clothes;
And c) a crushing step of crushing the embrittled special clothes. 9. The method for recycling special clothes according to claim 8, further comprising a sorting step of sorting the crushed material in the crushing step into a non-metallic substance to be used as fuel and a metal to be used as a metal raw material. Providing a second crushing step of further crushing the crushed material;
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the sorting step, the crushed material crushed in the second crushing step is separated into a nonmetallic substance and a metal.   The apparatus for recycling special clothing according to claim 9, further comprising a second crushing step of further crushing the non-metallic substance sorted in the sorting step.   The method for recycling special clothes according to claim 9, 10 or 11, further comprising a second sorting step of sorting the metals sorted in the sorting step according to metal species.

Images