JP6978905B2 - Clothes recycling equipment and methods - Google Patents
Clothes recycling equipment and methods Download PDFInfo
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- JP6978905B2 JP6978905B2 JP2017220556A JP2017220556A JP6978905B2 JP 6978905 B2 JP6978905 B2 JP 6978905B2 JP 2017220556 A JP2017220556 A JP 2017220556A JP 2017220556 A JP2017220556 A JP 2017220556A JP 6978905 B2 JP6978905 B2 JP 6978905B2
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 30
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、サーマルリサイクルによって衣服をリサイクルするための装置及び方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for recycling clothes by thermal recycling.
現在、日本では不要となった衣服が年間９４万トン程度排出されており、そのうちの約７５％が焼却や埋め立てにより処分されている。このような衣服の処分量を削減すべく、各種のリサイクルが行われている。例えば、衣服は工場等で用いられるウエスとして再利用されたり、古着として国内で再利用したり、海外に輸出されている。 Currently, about 940,000 tons of unnecessary clothes are discharged annually in Japan, and about 75% of them are disposed of by incineration or landfill. Various types of recycling are being carried out in order to reduce the amount of such clothes disposed of. For example, clothes are reused as waste cloth used in factories, etc., reused as used clothes in Japan, and exported overseas.
しかし、近年、工場の海外移転によりウエスの国内需要が減少すると共に、衣服の価格低下により国内外で古着の需要も減少している。そのため、今後ウエスや古着としての衣服のリサイクルを拡大していくことは難しい。 However, in recent years, domestic demand for waste cloth has decreased due to the overseas relocation of factories, and demand for used clothing has also decreased at home and abroad due to the decline in clothing prices. Therefore, it is difficult to expand the recycling of clothing as waste cloth and used clothing in the future.
そこで、衣服のサーマルリサイクルが注目されている。サーマルリサイクルとは、廃棄物を単に焼却処理せず、焼却の際に発生する熱エネルギーを回収して有効活用することであり、様々な廃棄物について推進されている。 Therefore, attention is being paid to thermal recycling of clothes. Thermal recycling is not simply incinerating waste, but recovering and effectively utilizing the heat energy generated during incineration, and is being promoted for various types of waste.
衣服のサーマルリサイクルにあたり、衣服をそのまま破砕して燃料化した場合には、ファスナー等の装飾部品等と布部分とが絡まった状態となっているため、装飾部品等に含まれる銅（Ｃｕ）やアルミニウム（Ａｌ）等の有価金属を回収することが難しい。また、加熱処理後に有価金属を回収すると、燃料としての品位が低下する。 In the thermal recycling of clothes, if the clothes are crushed as they are and turned into fuel, the decorative parts such as fasteners and the cloth part are in a entangled state, so copper (Cu) contained in the decorative parts and the like It is difficult to recover valuable metals such as aluminum (Al). Further, if the valuable metal is recovered after the heat treatment, the quality as a fuel is deteriorated.
そこで、本発明は、上記従来技術における問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、衣服の布部分と装飾部品等とを分離して有価金属の回収を効率よく行うと共に、燃料としての品位も維持することができる衣服のリサイクル装置及び方法を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and the cloth portion of clothes and decorative parts are separated to efficiently recover valuable metals, and the quality as fuel is also improved. It is intended to provide a garment recycling device and method that can be maintained.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、衣服のリサイクル装置であって、衣服を加熱する誘導加熱装置と、加熱した衣服を破砕する破砕装置と、破砕物を燃料として利用する低比重物と、金属を含む高比重物とに選別する選別装置と、前記選別装置により選別された前記高比重物を、さらに金属種毎に選別する第２選別装置とを備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a garment recycling device, which comprises an induction heating device for heating garments, a crushing device for crushing heated garments, and a low-density material using crushed materials as fuel. It is characterized by including a sorting device for sorting into a high specific density substance containing a metal, and a second sorting device for further sorting the high specific density substance sorted by the sorting device for each metal type .
本発明によれば、誘導加熱装置により衣服を加熱することで、金属製の装飾部品等の温度を上昇させ、これによって、装飾部品等の周辺の布部分のみを脆化させ、破砕装置によって布部分と装飾部品等の分離を容易に行うことが可能となる。また、金属製の装飾部品等のみを加熱し、布部分は加熱しないため、分離した布部分の燃料としての品位も維持することができる。さらに、選別装置により破砕物を低比重物と高比重物とに選別することにより、低比重物を燃料としてサーマルリサイクルすると共に、高比重物中に含まれる有価金属もリサイクルすることが可能となる。また、第２選別装置を備えることにより、回収された有価金属を金属種毎に選別し、有価金属のリサイクルを容易に行うことが可能となる。 According to the present invention, by heating clothes with an induction heating device, the temperature of metal decorative parts and the like is raised, thereby embrittlement of only the cloth portion around the decorative parts and the like, and the cloth is crushed by the crushing device. It is possible to easily separate the part and the decorative part. Further, since only the metal decorative parts and the like are heated and the cloth portion is not heated, the quality of the separated cloth portion as fuel can be maintained. Furthermore, by sorting the crushed material into low-density material and high-density material by a sorting device, it becomes possible to thermally recycle the low-density material as fuel and also to recycle the valuable metal contained in the high-density material. .. Further, by providing the second sorting device, it becomes possible to sort the recovered valuable metal for each metal species and easily recycle the valuable metal.
前記衣服のリサイクル装置において、前記加熱装置は高周波誘導加熱装置であってもよい。高周波誘導加熱装置は、被加熱物の単位面積に供給される単位時間当りのエネルギーが大きいため、高速かつ高温の加熱が可能であり、出力を調整することで温度制御を容易に行うことができて好ましい。 In the clothes recycling device, the heating device may be a high frequency induction heating device. Since the high-frequency induction heating device has a large amount of energy per unit time supplied to the unit area of the object to be heated, it is possible to heat at high speed and high temperature, and temperature control can be easily performed by adjusting the output. Is preferable.
前記衣服のリサイクル装置において、前記破砕装置は、ロールクラッシャー、ジョークラッシャー、ロールプレス装置又は竪型ミルであってもよい。これらの破砕装置を用いることにより、特に圧縮力によって金属製の装飾部品等と布部分を効率よく分離することが可能となる。 In the clothes recycling device, the crushing device may be a roll crusher, a jaw crusher, a roll press device, or a vertical mill. By using these crushing devices, it is possible to efficiently separate the metal decorative parts and the cloth portion from the metal decorative parts, especially by the compressive force.
また、本発明は、衣服のリサイクル方法であって、衣服を誘導加熱する誘導加熱工程と、加熱した衣服を破砕する破砕工程と、破砕物を燃料として利用する低比重物と、金属を含む高比重物とに選別する選別工程と、前記選別工程において選別された前記高比重物を、さらに金属種毎に選別する第２選別工程とを備えることを特徴とする。 Further, the present invention is a method for recycling clothes, which includes an induction heating step for inducing heating clothes, a crushing step for crushing the heated clothes, a low specific weight substance using the crushed substance as fuel, and a high content containing metal. It is characterized by comprising a sorting step of sorting into a specific weight substance and a second sorting step of further sorting the high specific weight substance selected in the sorting step for each metal type .
本発明によれば、誘導加熱により衣服を加熱することで、金属製の装飾部品等を選択的に加熱して温度を上昇させ、装飾部品等の周辺の布部分のみを脆化させることで、布部分と装飾部品等の分離を容易に行うことが可能となる。また、金属製の装飾部品等のみを加熱し、布部分は加熱しないため、分離した布部分の燃料としての品位も維持することができる。さらに、選別装置により破砕物を低比重物と高比重物とに選別することにより、低比重物を燃料としてサーマルリサイクルすることが可能になると共に、高比重物中に含まれる有価金属もリサイクルすることが可能となる。また、第２選別工程によって回収された有価金属を金属種毎に選別し、有価金属のリサイクルを容易に行うことが可能となる。 According to the present invention, by heating clothes by induction heating, metal decorative parts and the like are selectively heated to raise the temperature, and only the cloth portion around the decorative parts and the like is embrittled. It is possible to easily separate the cloth part and the decorative parts. Further, since only the metal decorative parts and the like are heated and the cloth portion is not heated, the quality of the separated cloth portion as fuel can be maintained. Furthermore, by sorting the crushed material into low-density material and high-density material by a sorting device, it becomes possible to thermally recycle the low-density material as fuel and also to recycle the valuable metal contained in the high-density material. It becomes possible. In addition, the valuable metals recovered in the second sorting step can be sorted by metal type, and the valuable metals can be easily recycled.
以上のように、本発明によれば、衣服をリサイクルするにあたり、有価金属の回収を容易に行うと共に、燃料としての品位も維持することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, when recycling clothes, it is possible to easily recover valuable metals and maintain the quality as fuel.
次に、本発明を実施するための形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 Next, a mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
図１は、本発明に係る衣服のリサイクル装置の一実施形態を示し、このリサイクル装置１は、誘導加熱装置２と、破砕装置３と、第１選別装置４と、第２選別装置５等で構成される。リサイクルの対象となる衣服Ｗは、布部分の他、ファスナー等の装飾部品等を構成する金属を含むものである。
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a clothing recycling device according to the present invention, in which the
誘導加熱装置２は、投入される衣服Ｗの直近に非接触状態で配置した加熱コイルに交流電流を流し、これによって発生した交番磁束を金属製の装飾部品等に通過させて誘導電流を発生させ、装飾部品等が有する抵抗値により消費されるジュール熱によって自己発熱させ、装飾部品等を選択的に加熱して温度を上昇させるために配置される。これによって装飾部品等の周辺の布部分のみを脆化させ、後段の破砕装置３による布部分と装飾部品等の分離を効率よく行う。 The induction heating device 2 causes an alternating current to flow through a heating coil arranged in a non-contact state in the immediate vicinity of the clothes W to be put in, and the alternating magnetic flux generated by the alternating current is passed through a metal decorative part or the like to generate an induction current. , The Joule heat consumed by the resistance value of the decorative parts and the like causes self-heating, and the decorative parts and the like are selectively heated to raise the temperature. As a result, only the cloth portion around the decorative parts and the like is embrittled, and the cloth portion and the decorative parts and the like are efficiently separated by the crushing device 3 in the subsequent stage.
この誘導加熱装置２として高周波誘導加熱装置を用いることができる。高周波誘導加熱装置は、被加熱物の単位面積に供給される単位時間当りのエネルギーが大きく、高速かつ高温の加熱が可能であり、出力を調整することで温度制御を容易に行うことができる。高周波誘導加熱装置によって衣服Ｗの金属製の装飾部品等の温度が急上昇する。そこで、衣服Ｗの燃焼を防止するため、酸素を遮断した雰囲気内で加熱することが好ましい。 A high frequency induction heating device can be used as the induction heating device 2. The high-frequency induction heating device has a large amount of energy per unit time supplied to the unit area of the object to be heated, is capable of high-speed and high-temperature heating, and can easily control the temperature by adjusting the output. The high frequency induction heating device causes the temperature of the metal decorative parts of the clothes W to rise sharply. Therefore, in order to prevent the clothes W from burning, it is preferable to heat the clothes W in an atmosphere in which oxygen is blocked.
破砕装置３は、誘導加熱により脆化した布部分に衝撃を付与して布部分と装飾部品等に分離するために設けられる。この破砕装置３として、ロールクラッシャー、ジョークラッシャー、回転数の異なる２つのロールで構成したロールプレス装置、回転するテーブル上にローラを有する竪型ミル等を用いることができ、これらを単独で用いてもよく、あるいは組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの破砕装置３の特に圧縮力によって布部分と装飾部品等を分離させることが可能となる。尚、ロールプレス装置で回転数の異なる２つのロールを用いるのは、圧縮力にせん断力を加えることによって、布部分と装飾部品等をさらに効率よく分離するためである。上記装置以外にも、布部分と装飾部品等に圧縮力及び補助的にせん断力を加え、両者を分離し易くする破砕装置を用いることができる。また、布が絡まないように、カッターのような刃を用いずに突起状の刃を用いた装置や、回転部が破砕物に対して露出していない破砕装置が好ましい。 The crushing device 3 is provided to apply an impact to the cloth portion embrittled by induction heating to separate the cloth portion from the decorative parts and the like. As the crushing device 3, a roll crusher, a jaw crusher, a roll press device composed of two rolls having different rotation speeds, a vertical mill having a roller on a rotating table, and the like can be used, and these can be used alone. May be used, or may be used in combination. The cloth portion and the decorative part can be separated from each other by the compressive force of these crushing devices 3. The reason why the two rolls having different rotation speeds are used in the roll press device is that the cloth portion and the decorative parts are separated more efficiently by applying a shearing force to the compressive force. In addition to the above devices, a crushing device that easily separates the cloth portion and the decorative parts by applying a compressive force and an auxiliary shearing force to the cloth portion and the decorative parts can be used. Further, a device using a protruding blade without using a blade such as a cutter so that the cloth does not get entangled, and a crushing device in which the rotating portion is not exposed to the crushed material are preferable.
第１選別装置４は、破砕装置３により破砕された衣服Ｗの破砕物Ｃを、燃料となる布部分を含む低比重物Ｌと金属を含む高比重物Ｈとに選別する装置である。第１選別装置４として、１０ｍｍ程度の開口を有する連続式のハイバウンドスクリーン等の篩分装置や風力選別装置を用いることができる。これらの選別装置を用いることにより、簡易な構成で効率よく布部分と金属との分別を行うことができる。 The first sorting device 4 is a device that sorts the crushed material C of the clothes W crushed by the crushing device 3 into a low specific density material L including a cloth portion as fuel and a high specific density material H containing metal. As the first sorting device 4, a sieving device such as a continuous high bound screen having an opening of about 10 mm or a wind sorting device can be used. By using these sorting devices, it is possible to efficiently separate the cloth portion and the metal with a simple configuration.
第２選別装置５は、第１選別装置４により選別された高比重物Ｈに含まれる金属をさらに金属種毎に選別する装置である。第２選別装置５として、磁力選別装置や渦電流を用いた選別装置、エアーテーブル等を用いることができる。第２選別装置５を備えることにより、回収された有価金属を銅（Ｃｕ）やアルミニウム（Ａｌ）、鉄（Ｆｅ）等の金属種毎に選別し、有価金属のリサイクルを容易に行うことが可能となる。尚、第１選別装置４で回収した高比重物Ｈをそのまま有効利用する場合には、第２選別装置５を省略することができる。また、第１選別装置４の篩分装置や風力選別装置と第２選別装置５の順序は、金属回収が可能であれば特に問わない。また、含まれる金属種や回収したい金属種に応じて選別装置の種類や組合せ、工程の増減を適宜設計すればよい。 The second sorting device 5 is a device that further sorts the metal contained in the high specific density substance H sorted by the first sorting device 4 for each metal species. As the second sorting device 5, a magnetic force sorting device, a sorting device using an eddy current, an air table, or the like can be used. By providing the second sorting device 5, it is possible to sort the recovered valuable metals by metal species such as copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe), and easily recycle the valuable metals. Will be. When the high specific density substance H recovered by the first sorting device 4 is effectively used as it is, the second sorting device 5 can be omitted. Further, the order of the sieving device or the wind power sorting device of the first sorting device 4 and the second sorting device 5 is not particularly limited as long as the metal can be recovered. Further, the type and combination of the sorting apparatus and the increase / decrease of the process may be appropriately designed according to the metal type contained and the metal type to be recovered.
次に、上記構成を有するリサイクル装置１を用いた衣服のリサイクル方法について、図１及び図２を参照しながら説明する。
Next, a method of recycling clothes using the
まず、衣服Ｗを誘導加熱装置２に投入して加熱する（ステップＳ１）。この衣服Ｗの加熱は、金属の温度が２５０℃以上８００℃以下の状態で１０分間程度行う。特に加熱されにくいアルミニウム又は銅が２５０℃になるように設定するとよい。また、アルミニウムは、溶融しないように６５０℃以下とする。この加熱は、装飾部品等の周辺の布部分のみが焦げるなどして脆化するまで行えばよい。 First, the clothes W are put into the induction heating device 2 and heated (step S1). The clothes W are heated for about 10 minutes in a state where the temperature of the metal is 250 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower. It is preferable to set the temperature of aluminum or copper, which is particularly difficult to heat, to 250 ° C. The temperature of aluminum is 650 ° C or lower so as not to melt. This heating may be performed until only the cloth portion around the decorative parts or the like is burnt and becomes brittle.
次に、加熱した衣服Ｗを破砕装置３に投入して破砕する（ステップＳ２）。これにより、衣服Ｗの布部分と装飾部品等を分離させる。 Next, the heated clothes W are put into the crushing device 3 and crushed (step S2). As a result, the cloth portion of the clothes W and the decorative parts and the like are separated.
次に、衣服Ｗの破砕物Ｃを第１選別装置４に投入し、燃料となる布部分を含む低比重物Ｌと金属を含む高比重物Ｈとに選別する（ステップＳ３）。 Next, the crushed material C of the clothes W is put into the first sorting device 4 and sorted into a low specific density material L including a cloth portion as fuel and a high specific density material H containing metal (step S3).
次に、選別された低比重物Ｌと高比重物Ｈとを別個に回収する（ステップＳ４）。回収された低比重物Ｌは主に燃料となる布部分であって、セメント焼成装置の仮焼炉やセメントキルンの窯尻等に投入してサーマルリサイクルに供される。 Next, the selected low-density material L and high-density material H are separately recovered (step S4). The recovered low-weight material L is a cloth portion mainly used as fuel, and is put into a calcining furnace of a cement firing device, a kiln butt of a cement kiln, or the like for thermal recycling.
一方、高比重物Ｈには、リサイクル対象となり売買可能な金属（有価金属）が含まれている。そこで、回収された高比重物Ｈについて、第２選別装置５により金属種毎に選別する（ステップＳ５）。これにより、選別された銅やアルミニウム等が各々別個に回収され（ステップＳ６）、一連の動作が終了する。 On the other hand, the high specific density substance H contains a metal (valuable metal) that is subject to recycling and can be bought and sold. Therefore, the recovered high-density material H is sorted by metal type by the second sorting device 5 (step S5). As a result, the sorted copper, aluminum, and the like are recovered separately (step S6), and a series of operations is completed.
１ 衣服のリサイクル装置
２ 誘導加熱装置
３ 破砕装置
４ 第１選別装置
５ 第２選別装置
Ｃ 破砕物
Ｈ 高比重物
Ｌ 低比重物
Ｗ 衣服
1 Clothes recycling device 2 Induction heating device 3 Crushing device 4 1st sorting device 5 2nd sorting device C Crushed material H High density material L Low weight material W Clothes
Claims (4)
加熱した衣服を破砕する破砕装置と、
破砕物を燃料として利用する低比重物と、金属を含む高比重物とに選別する選別装置と、前記選別装置により選別された前記高比重物を、さらに金属種毎に選別する第２選別装置とを備えることを特徴とする衣服のリサイクル装置。 An induction heating device that heats clothes,
A crusher that crushes heated clothes,
A sorting device for sorting low-density substances using crushed material as fuel and high-density substances containing metal, and a second sorting device for further sorting the high-density substances sorted by the sorting device for each metal type. A garment recycling device characterized by being equipped with.
加熱した衣服を破砕する破砕工程と、
破砕物を燃料として利用する低比重物と、金属を含む高比重物とに選別する選別工程と、前記選別工程において選別された前記高比重物を、さらに金属種毎に選別する第２選別工程とを備えることを特徴とする衣服のリサイクル方法。 Induction heating process that induces heating clothes and
A crushing process that crushes heated clothes,
A sorting step of sorting a low-density substance using crushed material as a fuel and a high-density substance containing a metal, and a second sorting step of further sorting the high-density substance selected in the sorting step for each metal type. A method of recycling clothing characterized by being equipped with.
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