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- JP2019091792A5 JP2019091792A5 JP2017219259A JP2017219259A JP2019091792A5 JP 2019091792 A5 JP2019091792 A5 JP 2019091792A5 JP 2017219259 A JP2017219259 A JP 2017219259A JP 2017219259 A JP2017219259 A JP 2017219259A JP 2019091792 A5 JP2019091792 A5 JP 2019091792A5
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OQYOVYWFXHQYOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCCO1 OQYOVYWFXHQYOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)OCCO1 ZPFAVCIQZKRBGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VWEYDBUEGDKEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyloxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCOS1(=O)=O VWEYDBUEGDKEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RAEHYISCRHEVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyloxathiolane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)O1 RAEHYISCRHEVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfolene Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CC=CC1 MBDNRNMVTZADMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxepan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OCCCCO1 VKSWWACDZPRJAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWQOOADXMVQEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-Dimethylthiophene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)S1 GWQOOADXMVQEFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WYJOVVXUZNRJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acetylthiophene Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CS1 WYJOVVXUZNRJQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XQQBUAPQHNYYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylthiophene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CS1 XQQBUAPQHNYYRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GSFNQBFZFXUTBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorothiophene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CS1 GSFNQBFZFXUTBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKEHURCMYKPVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxythiophene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CS1 OKEHURCMYKPVFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RNIDWJDZNNVFDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Acetylthiophene Chemical compound CC(=O)C=1C=CSC=1 RNIDWJDZNNVFDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylthiophene Chemical compound CC=1C=CSC=1 QENGPZGAWFQWCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QUBJDMPBDURTJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chlorothiophene Chemical compound ClC=1C=CSC=1 QUBJDMPBDURTJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005196 alkyl carbonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002140 halogenating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CUPOOAWTRIURFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CS1 CUPOOAWTRIURFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GSXCEVHRIVLFJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophene-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC=1C=CSC=1 GSXCEVHRIVLFJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RFSKGCVUDQRZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxythiophene Chemical compound COC=1C=CSC=1 RFSKGCVUDQRZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002521 alkyl halide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006003 dichloroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005009 perfluoropropyl group Chemical group FC(C(C(F)(F)F)(F)F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N precursor Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
［１］ 負極、正極、セパレータ、及びリチウム塩を含む非水系電解液を含む非水系リチウム型蓄電素子であって、
前記負極が、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の片面上又は両面上に設けられた、負極活物質を含む負極活物質層とを有し、かつ、前記負極活物質はリチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出できる炭素材料を含み、
前記負極活物質層表面のＸ線光電子分光測定（ＸＰＳ）により得られる、Ｓ２ｐスペクトルの１６８ｅＶのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＳの元素濃度をＳ１６８ｅＶ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）、Ｆ１ｓスペクトルの６８５ｅＶのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＦの元素濃度をＦ６８５ｅＶ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）とするとき、元素濃度比Ｓ１６８ｅＶ／Ｆ６８５ｅＶが、０．０２５以上０．５以下であり、
前記正極が、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の片面上又は両面上に設けられた、正極活物質を含む正極活物質層とを有し、かつ、前記正極活物質は活性炭を含み、
前記正極活物質層のＢＥＴ法により測定される単位面積当たりの比表面積をＡ（ｍ２／ｃｍ２）とするとき、０．２≦Ａ≦１０であり、かつ、
前記正極活物質層表面のＸ線光電子分光測定（ＸＰＳ）により得られる、Ｓ２ｐスペクトルの１６４ｅＶのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＳの元素濃度をＳ１６４ｅＶ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）、Ｃ１ｓスペクトルのＣのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＣの元素濃度をＣ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）とするとき、元素濃度比Ｓ１６４ｅＶ／Ｃが、０．００１以上０．０５以下である、非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［２］ 前記非水系電解液が、下記化学式（１）で表される化合物Ｘと、下記化学式（２−１）〜（２−５）のそれぞれで表される化合物から選択される１種以上の化合物Ｙとを含む、［１］に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
式（２−１）〜（２−３）及び（２−５）中のｎは、それぞれ独立に、０〜３の整数である。}
［３］ 前記化学式（１）で表される化合物が、チオフェン、２−メチルチオフェン、３−メチルチオフェン、２−シアノチオフェン、３−シアノチオフェン、２，５−ジメチルチオフェン、２−メトキシチオフェン、３−メトキシチオフェン、２−クロロチオフェン、３−クロロチオフェン、２−アセチルチオフェン、及び３−アセチルチオフェンから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−１）で表される化合物が、エチレンスルファート及び１，３−プロピレンスルファートから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−２）で表される化合物が、１，３−プロパンスルトン、２，４−ブタンスルトン、１，４−ブタンスルトン、１，３−ブタンスルトン、及び２，４−ペンタンスルトンから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−３）で表される化合物が、１，３−プロペンスルトン及び１，４−ブテンスルトンから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−４）で表される化合物が、３−スルフォレンであり、そして、
前記化学式（２−５）で表される化合物が、亜硫酸エチレン、１，２−亜硫酸プロピレン、及び１，３−亜硫酸プロピレンから成る群から選択される１種以上である、［２］に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［４］ 前記非水系電解液が、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、及びフルオロエチレンカーボネートから成る群から選択される少なくとも１種の非水溶媒を含有する、［１］〜［３］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［５］ 前記非水系電解液が、ＬｉＰＦ６及びＬｉＢＦ４から成る群から選択される１種以上を含有する、［１］〜［４］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［６］ 前記非水系電解液が、ＬｉＮ（ＳＯ２Ｆ）２を含有する、［１］〜［５］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［７］ 前記正極集電体及び前記負極集電体が、それぞれ、無孔の金属箔である、［１］〜［６］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［８］ 前記正極活物質に含まれる活性炭が、ＢＪＨ法により算出した直径２０Å以上５００Å以下の細孔に由来するメソ孔量をＶ１（ｃｃ／ｇ）、ＭＰ法により算出した直径２０Å未満の細孔に由来するマイクロ孔量をＶ２（ｃｃ／ｇ）とするとき、０．３＜Ｖ１≦０．８、及び０．５≦Ｖ２≦１．０を満たし、かつ、ＢＥＴ法により測定される比表面積が１，５００ｍ２／ｇ以上３，０００ｍ２／ｇ以下を示す活性炭を含む、［１］〜［７］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［９］ 前記正極活物質に含まれる活性炭が、ＢＪＨ法により算出した直径２０Å以上５００Å以下の細孔に由来するメソ孔量Ｖ１（ｃｃ／ｇ）が０．８＜Ｖ１≦２．５を満たし、ＭＰ法により算出した直径２０Å未満の細孔に由来するマイクロ孔量Ｖ２（ｃｃ／ｇ）が０．８＜Ｖ２≦３．０を満たし、かつ、ＢＥＴ法により測定される比表面積が２，３００ｍ２／ｇ以上４，０００ｍ２／ｇ以下を示す活性炭を含む、［１］〜［８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１０］ 前記正極活物質が、リチウムイオンを吸蔵及び放出可能な遷移金属酸化物を更に含む、［１］〜［９］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１１］ 前記遷移金属酸化物が、層状構造、スピネル構造、及びオリビン構造から選ばれる構造を有する遷移金属酸化物である、［１０］に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１２］ 前記遷移金属酸化物が、ＬｉｘＮｉａＣｏｂＡｌ（１−ａ−ｂ）Ｏ２｛ａ及びｂは、それぞれ、０．２＜ａ＜０．９７、０．２＜ｂ＜０．９７を満たす。｝、ＬｉｘＮｉｃＣｏｄＭｎ（１−ｃ−ｄ）Ｏ２｛ｃ及びｄは、それぞれ、０．２＜ｃ＜０．９７、０．２＜ｄ＜０．９７を満たす。｝、ＬｉｘＣｏＯ２、ＬｉｘＭｎ２Ｏ４、ＬｉｘＦｅＰＯ４、ＬｉｘＭｎＰＯ４｛ｘは０≦ｘ≦１を満たす。｝、及びＬｉｚＶ２（ＰＯ４）３｛ｚは０≦ｚ≦３を満たす。｝から成る群から選択される１種以上である、［１０］又は［１１］に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１３］ 前記負極活物質がリチウムイオンでドープされており、そのドープ量が、前記負極活物質の単位質量当たり５３０ｍＡｈ／ｇ以上２，５００ｍＡｈ／ｇ以下である、［１］〜［１２］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１４］ 前記負極活物質のＢＥＴ比表面積が１ｍ２／ｇ以上１，５００ｍ２／ｇ以下である、［１］〜［１３］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１５］ 前記負極活物質が粒子状であり、その平均粒子径が、１μｍ以上１０μｍ以下である、［１３］又は［１４］に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１６］ セル電圧４．２Ｖでの初期の内部抵抗をＲａ（Ω）、静電容量をＦ（Ｆ）、電力量をＥ（Ｗｈ）、電極体を収納している外装体の体積をＶ（Ｌ）、及び環境温度−１０℃における内部抵抗をＲｂとした時、以下の（ａ）、（ｂ）、及び（ｃ）の要件：
（ａ）ＲａとＦの積Ｒａ・Ｆが０．３以上３．０以下である、
（ｂ）Ｅ／Ｖが１５以上５０以下である、及び
（ｃ）Ｒｂ／Ｒａが１０以下である
を同時に満たす、［１］〜［１５］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１７］ セル電圧４．２Ｖでの初期の内部抵抗をＲａ（Ω）、セル電圧４．２Ｖ及び環境温度６０℃において２か月間保存した後の２５℃における内部抵抗をＲｃ（Ω）とした時、以下の（ｄ）及び（ｅ）の要件：
（ｄ）Ｒｃ／Ｒａが０．３以上３．０以下である、並びに
（ｅ）セル電圧４．２Ｖ及び環境温度６０℃において２か月間保存した時に発生するガス量が、２５℃において３０×１０−３ｃｃ／Ｆ以下である、
を同時に満たす、［１］〜［１６］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１８］ 前記負極、前記正極、前記セパレータ、及び前記非水系電解液が、外装体に収納されており、
前記外装体が、金属缶又はラミネート包材である、［１］〜［１７］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。
［１９］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子を含む、蓄電モジュール。
［２０］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子、又は［１９］に記載の蓄電モジュールを含む、電力回生システム。
［２１］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子、又は［１９］に記載の蓄電モジュールを含む、電力負荷平準化システム。
［２２］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子、又は［１９］に記載の蓄電モジュールを含む、無停電電源システム。
［２３］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子、又は［１９］に記載の蓄電モジュールを含む、非接触給電システム。
［２２］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子、又は［１９］に記載の蓄電モジュールを含む、エナジーハーベストシステム。
［２３］ ［１］〜［１８］のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子、又は［１９］に記載の蓄電モジュールを含む、蓄電システム。
[1] A non-aqueous lithium power storage device containing a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium salt.
The negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material provided on one side or both sides of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material contains lithium ions. Contains carbon materials that can be occluded and released
The elemental concentration of S determined based on the peak area of 168 eV in the S2p spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer is S 168 eV (atomic%), and the peak area of 685 eV in the F1 s spectrum. When the element concentration of F obtained based on the above is F 685 eV (atomic%), the element concentration ratio S 168 eV / F 685 eV is 0.025 or more and 0.5 or less.
The positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material provided on one side or both sides of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material contains activated carbon. ,
When the specific surface area per unit area measured by the BET method of the positive electrode active material layer is A (m 2 / cm 2 ), 0.2 ≦ A ≦ 10 and
The elemental concentration of S determined based on the peak area of 164 eV in the S2p spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer is S 164 eV (atomic%), and the peak area of C in the C1s spectrum. A non-aqueous lithium power storage element having an element concentration ratio of S164 eV / C of 0.001 or more and 0.05 or less, where C (atomic%) is the element concentration of C obtained based on the above.
[2] The non-aqueous electrolyte solution is one or more selected from the compound X represented by the following chemical formula (1) and the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas (2-1) to (2-5). The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage device according to [1], which comprises the compound Y of the above.
N in the formulas (2-1) to (2-3) and (2-5) is an integer of 0 to 3 independently. }
[3] The compounds represented by the chemical formula (1) are thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, 3-methylthiophene, 2-cyanothiophene, 3-cyanothiophene, 2,5-dimethylthiophene, 2-methoxythiophene, 3 One or more selected from the group consisting of −methoxythiophene, 2-chlorothiophene, 3-chlorothiophene, 2-acetylthiophene, and 3-acetylthiophene.
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene sulfate and 1,3-propylene sulfate.
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-2) consists of a group consisting of 1,3-propane sultone, 2,4-butane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,3-butane sultone, and 2,4-pentane sultone. One or more selected
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-3) is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propene sultone and 1,4-butene sultone.
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-4) is 3-sulfolene, and
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-5) is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene sulfite, propylene 1,2-sulfate, and propylene 1,3-sulfate, according to [2]. Non-aqueous lithium type power storage element.
[4] The non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains at least one non-aqueous solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and fluoroethylene carbonate. , The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [3].
[5] The non-aqueous lithium power storage device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains at least one selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 and LiBF 4. ..
[6] The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution contains LiN (SO 2 F) 2 .
[7] The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are each non-porous metal foil.
[8] The amount of mesopores derived from pores with a diameter of 20 Å or more and 500 Å or less calculated by the BJH method for the activated carbon contained in the positive electrode active material is V1 (cc / g), and the diameter is less than 20 Å calculated by the MP method. When the amount of micropores derived from the pores is V2 (cc / g), the ratios satisfying 0.3 <V1 ≦ 0.8 and 0.5 ≦ V2 ≦ 1.0 and measured by the BET method. The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [7], which comprises activated carbon having a surface area of 1,500 m 2 / g or more and 3,000 m 2 / g or less.
[9] The activated carbon contained in the positive electrode active material satisfies a mesopore amount V1 (cc / g) of 0.8 <V1 ≦ 2.5 derived from pores having a diameter of 20 Å or more and 500 Å or less calculated by the BJH method. , The micropore amount V2 (cc / g) derived from pores with a diameter of less than 20 Å calculated by the MP method satisfies 0.8 <V2 ≦ 3.0, and the specific surface area measured by the BET method is 2, The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [8], which comprises activated carbon exhibiting 300 m 2 / g or more and 4,000 m 2 / g or less.
[10] The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the positive electrode active material further contains a transition metal oxide capable of storing and releasing lithium ions.
[11] The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage device according to [10], wherein the transition metal oxide is a transition metal oxide having a structure selected from a layered structure, a spinel structure, and an olivine structure.
[12] The transition metal oxide, Li x Ni a Co b Al (1-a-b) O 2 {a and b, respectively, 0.2 <a <0.97,0.2 <b < Satisfy 0.97. }, Li x Ni c Co d Mn (1-c-d) O 2 {c and d, respectively, satisfy 0.2 <c <0.97,0.2 <d < 0.97. }, Li x CoO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 , Li x FePO 4 , Li x MnPO 4 {x satisfies 0 ≦ x ≦ 1. }, And Li z V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 {z satisfies 0 ≦ z ≦ 3. } The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to [10] or [11], which is one or more selected from the group consisting of.
[13] Of [1] to [12], the negative electrode active material is doped with lithium ions, and the doping amount thereof is 530 mAh / g or more and 2,500 mAh / g or less per unit mass of the negative electrode active material. The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of the items.
[14] The non-aqueous lithium power storage device according to any one of [1] to [13], wherein the negative electrode active material has a BET specific surface area of 1 m 2 / g or more and 1,500 m 2 / g or less.
[15] The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage device according to [13] or [14], wherein the negative electrode active material is in the form of particles and the average particle size thereof is 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.
[16] The initial internal resistance at a cell voltage of 4.2 V is Ra (Ω), the capacitance is F (F), the electric energy is E (Wh), and the volume of the exterior body containing the electrode body is V. When the internal resistance at (L) and the ambient temperature −10 ° C. is Rb, the following requirements (a), (b), and (c) are:
(A) The product Ra / F of Ra and F is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less.
The non-aqueous lithium-type electricity storage according to any one of [1] to [15], wherein (b) E / V is 15 or more and 50 or less, and (c) Rb / Ra is 10 or less at the same time. element.
[17] The initial internal resistance at a cell voltage of 4.2 V was defined as Ra (Ω), and the internal resistance at a cell voltage of 4.2 V and an environmental temperature of 60 ° C. after storage for 2 months at 25 ° C. was defined as Rc (Ω). When, the following requirements (d) and (e):
(D) Rc / Ra is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less, and (e) The amount of gas generated when stored for 2 months at a cell voltage of 4.2 V and an environmental temperature of 60 ° C. is 30 × at 25 ° C. 10 -3 cc / F or less,
The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [16], which simultaneously satisfies the above conditions.
[18] The negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separator, and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution are accommodated in the armor body,
The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [17], wherein the exterior body is a metal can or a laminated packaging material.
[19] A power storage module including the non-aqueous lithium power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18].
[20] A power regeneration system including the non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18] or the power storage module according to [19].
[21] A power load leveling system including the non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18] or the power storage module according to [19].
[22] An uninterruptible power supply system including the non-aqueous lithium power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18] or the power storage module according to [19].
[23] A non-contact power supply system including the non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18] or the power storage module according to [19].
[22] An energy harvesting system including the non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18] or the power storage module according to [19].
[23] A power storage system including the non-aqueous lithium power storage element according to any one of [1] to [18] or the power storage module according to [19].
一方、化合物Ｙは、負極活物質表面のＸＰＳにおいて、Ｓ２ｐスペクトルを発現する被膜を与える含硫黄化合物の前駆体として機能する。
式（２−１）〜（２−５）中のＲ５〜Ｒ２８における炭素数１〜１２のアルキル基としては、炭素数１〜６のアルキル基が好ましく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、へキシル基等である。炭素数１〜１２のハロゲン化アルキル基としては、炭素数１〜６のハロゲン化アルキル基が好ましく、例えば、クロロメチル基、ジクロロエチル基、３，３，３−トリフルオロプロピル基、パーフルオロプロピル基等である。
化合物Ｘとして、具体的には、
化学式（２−１）で表される化合物として例えば、エチレンスルファート、１，３−プロピレンスルファート等を；
化学式（２−２）で表される化合物として例えば、１，３−プロパンスルトン、２，４−ブタンスルトン、１，４−ブタンスルトン、１，３−ブタンスルトン、２，４−ペンタンスルトン等を；
化学式（２−３）で表される化合物として例えば、１，３−プロペンスルトン、１，４−ブテンスルトン等を；
化学式（２−４）で表される化合物として例えば、３−スルフォレン等を；
化学式（２−５）で表される化合物として例えば、亜硫酸エチレン、１，２−亜硫酸プロピレン、１，３−亜硫酸プロピレン等を；
それぞれ挙げることができ、それぞれこれらから選択される１種以上を、本実施形態の非水系電解液に含有させるのが好ましい。
非水系電解液中の化合物Ｙの含有割合は、化学式（２−１）〜（２−５）のそれぞれで表される化合物の合計質量が、非水系電解液の全質量に占める割合として、０．０１質量％以上４．５質量％以下が好ましく、０．０５質量％以上４．０質量％以下がより好ましく、０．１質量％以上３．５質量％以下が更に好ましい。
On the other hand, compound Y functions as a precursor of a sulfur-containing compound that gives a film that expresses an S2p spectrum in XPS on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
As the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in R 5 to R 28 in the formulas (2-1) to (2-5), an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable, and for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and the like. It is a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or the like. The alkyl halide group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferably an alkyl halide group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, for example, a chloromethyl group, a dichloroethyl group, a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, or a perfluoropropyl group. It is a basis.
Specifically, as compound X,
Examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula (2-1) include ethylene sulfate and 1,3-propylene sulfate;
Examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula (2-2) include 1,3-propane sultone, 2,4-butane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,3-butane sultone, 2,4-pentane sultone, and the like;
Examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula (2-3) include 1,3-propene sultone, 1,4-butensultone, and the like;
As a compound represented by the chemical formula (2-4), for example, 3-sulfolene or the like;
Examples of the compound represented by the chemical formula (2-5) include ethylene sulfite, propylene 1,2-sulfone, and propylene 1,3-sulfone;
Each of them can be mentioned, and it is preferable that one or more selected from these is contained in the non-aqueous electrolytic solution of the present embodiment.
The content ratio of compound Y in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is 0 as the ratio of the total mass of the compounds represented by each of the chemical formulas (2-1) to (2-5) to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution. It is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 4.5% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 4.0% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 3.5% by mass or less.
＜非水系リチウム型蓄電素子＞
本実施形態の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子は、負極、正極、セパレータ、及び非水系電解液が、外装体に収納されて構成される。好ましくは、負極、正極、及びセパレータは、後述する電極積層体又は電極捲回体が、上記の非水系電解液とともに、後述の外装体内に収納されて構成される。
<Non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element>
Nonaqueous lithium-type storage element of the present embodiment, negative electrode, positive electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and is housed in armor body. Preferably, the negative electrode, the positive electrode, and the separator are configured such that the electrode laminate or the electrode winding body described later is housed in the exterior body described later together with the non-aqueous electrolyte solution described above.
ｉｉｉ）低温特性の評価（Ｒｂ／Ｒａの算出）
完成した非水系リチウム型蓄電素子について、−１０℃に設定した恒温槽内に２時間静置した後、恒温槽を−１０℃に保ったまま富士通テレコムネットワークス株式会社製の充放電装置（５Ｖ，３６０Ａ）を用いて、１．０Ｂの電流値で４．２Ｖに到達するまで定電流充電し、続いて４．２Ｖの定電圧を印加する定電圧充電を、合計で２時間行った。次いで、５０Ｃの電流値で２．２Ｖまで定電流放電を行って、放電カーブ（時間−電圧）を得た。この放電カーブにおいて、放電時間２秒及び４秒の時点における電圧値から、直線近似にて外挿して得られる放電時間＝０秒における電圧をＥｏとして、下記数式：
降下電圧ΔＥ＝４．２−Ｅｏ、及び
Ｒｂ＝ΔＥ／（１０Ｃ（電流値Ａ））
により、低温内部抵抗Ｒｂを算出した。
そして、この低温内部抵抗Ｒｂと、上記「ｉｉ）初期時定数の評価（Ｒａ・Ｆの算出）」で求めた常温内部抵抗Ｒａとから求めた比Ｒｂ／Ｒａは、６．２であった。
iii) Evaluation of low temperature characteristics (calculation of Rb / Ra)
After allowing the completed non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element to stand in a constant temperature bath set at -10 ° C for 2 hours, the charging / discharging device (5V) manufactured by Fujitsu Telecom Networks Limited keeps the constant temperature bath at -10 ° C. , 360A), constant current charging was performed at a current value of 1.0B until 4.2V was reached, followed by constant voltage charging to which a constant voltage of 4.2V was applied for a total of 2 hours. Then in, until 2.2V at a current value of 50C and subjected to constant-current discharge, discharge curves - was obtained (time voltage). In this discharge curve, the voltage at discharge time = 0 second obtained by extrapolating from the voltage values at the time points of discharge time of 2 seconds and 4 seconds by linear approximation is defined as Eo, and the following formula:
Voltage drop ΔE = 4.2-Eo and Rb = ΔE / (10C (current value A))
The low temperature internal resistance Rb was calculated.
The ratio Rb / Ra obtained from the low temperature internal resistance Rb and the normal temperature internal resistance Ra obtained in the above-mentioned "ii) Evaluation of initial time constant (calculation of Ra and F)" was 6.2.
Claims (25)
前記負極が、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体の片面上又は両面上に設けられた、負極活物質を含む負極活物質層とを有し、かつ、前記負極活物質はリチウムイオンを吸蔵・放出できる炭素材料を含み、
前記負極活物質層表面のＸ線光電子分光測定（ＸＰＳ）により得られる、Ｓ２ｐスペクトルの１６８ｅＶのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＳの元素濃度をＳ１６８ｅＶ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）、Ｆ１ｓスペクトルの６８５ｅＶのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＦの元素濃度をＦ６８５ｅＶ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）とするとき、元素濃度比Ｓ１６８ｅＶ／Ｆ６８５ｅＶが、０．０２５以上０．５以下であり、
前記正極が、正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の片面上又は両面上に設けられた、正極活物質を含む正極活物質層とを有し、かつ、前記正極活物質は活性炭を含み、
前記正極活物質層のＢＥＴ法により測定される単位面積当たりの比表面積をＡ（ｍ２／ｃｍ２）とするとき、０．２≦Ａ≦１０であり、かつ、
前記正極活物質層表面のＸ線光電子分光測定（ＸＰＳ）により得られる、Ｓ２ｐスペクトルの１６４ｅＶのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＳの元素濃度をＳ１６４ｅＶ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）、Ｃ１ｓスペクトルのＣのピーク面積に基づいて求めたＣの元素濃度をＣ（ａｔｏｍｉｃ％）とするとき、元素濃度比Ｓ１６４ｅＶ／Ｃが、０．００１以上０．０５以下である、非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。 A non-aqueous lithium power storage device containing a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a lithium salt.
The negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material provided on one side or both sides of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode active material contains lithium ions. Contains carbon materials that can be occluded and released
The elemental concentration of S determined based on the peak area of 168 eV in the S2p spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface of the negative electrode active material layer is S 168 eV (atomic%), and the peak area of 685 eV in the F1 s spectrum. When the element concentration of F obtained based on the above is F 685 eV (atomic%), the element concentration ratio S 168 eV / F 685 eV is 0.025 or more and 0.5 or less.
The positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material provided on one side or both sides of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode active material contains activated carbon. ,
When the specific surface area per unit area measured by the BET method of the positive electrode active material layer is A (m 2 / cm 2 ), 0.2 ≦ A ≦ 10 and
The elemental concentration of S determined based on the peak area of 164 eV in the S2p spectrum obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface of the positive electrode active material layer is S 164 eV (atomic%), and the peak area of C in the C1s spectrum. A non-aqueous lithium power storage element having an element concentration ratio of S164 eV / C of 0.001 or more and 0.05 or less, where C (atomic%) is the element concentration of C obtained based on the above.
式（２−１）〜（２−３）及び（２−５）中のｎは、それぞれ独立に、０〜３の整数である。} The non-aqueous electrolyte solution is one or more compounds Y selected from the compound X represented by the following chemical formula (1) and the compounds represented by the following chemical formulas (2-1) to (2-5). The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to claim 1, comprising the above.
N in the formulas (2-1) to (2-3) and (2-5) is an integer of 0 to 3 independently. }
前記化学式（２−１）で表される化合物が、エチレンスルファート及び１，３−プロピレンスルファートから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−２）で表される化合物が、１，３−プロパンスルトン、２，４−ブタンスルトン、１，４−ブタンスルトン、１，３−ブタンスルトン、及び２，４−ペンタンスルトンから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−３）で表される化合物が、１，３−プロペンスルトン及び１，４−ブテンスルトンから成る群から選択される１種以上であり、
前記化学式（２−４）で表される化合物が、３−スルフォレンであり、そして、
前記化学式（２−５）で表される化合物が、亜硫酸エチレン、１，２−亜硫酸プロピレン、及び１，３−亜硫酸プロピレンから成る群から選択される１種以上である、請求項２に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。 The compounds represented by the chemical formula (1) are thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, 3-methylthiophene, 2-cyanothiophene, 3-cyanothiophene, 2,5-dimethylthiophene, 2-methoxythiophene, 3-methoxythiophene. , 2-Chlorothiophene, 3-chlorothiophene, 2-acetylthiophene, and one or more selected from the group consisting of 3-acetylthiophene.
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene sulfate and 1,3-propylene sulfate.
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-2) consists of a group consisting of 1,3-propane sultone, 2,4-butane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,3-butane sultone, and 2,4-pentane sultone. One or more selected
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-3) is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-propene sultone and 1,4-butene sultone.
The compound represented by the chemical formula (2-4) is 3-sulfolene, and
The compound according to claim 2, wherein the compound represented by the chemical formula (2-5) is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene sulfite, propylene 1,2-sulfate, and propylene 1,3-sulfate. Non-aqueous lithium type power storage element.
（ａ）ＲａとＦの積Ｒａ・Ｆが０．３以上３．０以下である、
（ｂ）Ｅ／Ｖが１５以上５０以下である、及び
（ｃ）Ｒｂ／Ｒａが１０以下である
を同時に満たす、請求項１〜１５のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。 The initial internal resistance at a cell voltage of 4.2 V is Ra (Ω), the capacitance is F (F), the electric energy is E (Wh), and the volume of the exterior body containing the electrode body is V (L). And, when the internal resistance at an ambient temperature of −10 ° C. is Rb, the following requirements (a), (b), and (c) are:
(A) The product Ra / F of Ra and F is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less.
The non-aqueous lithium power storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein (b) E / V is 15 or more and 50 or less, and (c) Rb / Ra is 10 or less at the same time.
（ｄ）Ｒｃ／Ｒａが０．３以上３．０以下である、並びに
（ｅ）セル電圧４．２Ｖ及び環境温度６０℃において２か月間保存した時に発生するガス量が、２５℃において３０×１０−３ｃｃ／Ｆ以下である、
を同時に満たす、請求項１〜１６のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。 When the initial internal resistance at a cell voltage of 4.2 V is Ra (Ω), and the internal resistance at 25 ° C after storage at a cell voltage of 4.2 V and an environmental temperature of 60 ° C for 2 months is Rc (Ω), the following Requirements for (d) and (e):
(D) Rc / Ra is 0.3 or more and 3.0 or less, and (e) The amount of gas generated when stored for 2 months at a cell voltage of 4.2 V and an environmental temperature of 60 ° C. is 30 × at 25 ° C. 10 -3 cc / F or less,
The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of claims 1 to 16, which simultaneously satisfies the above conditions.
前記外装体が、金属缶又はラミネート包材である、請求項１〜１７のいずれか一項に記載の非水系リチウム型蓄電素子。 The negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separator, and the nonaqueous electrolyte solution are accommodated in the armor body,
The non-aqueous lithium-type power storage element according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the exterior body is a metal can or a laminated packaging material.
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