JP2019082203A - Fastener, method for repairing sheet pile and method for repairing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

To improve workability of an installation work of a repair plate using a bolt and nut, the plate being used for closing an opening of a sheet pile having a cavity on a back surface.SOLUTION: A fastener 9 includes: a plurality of bolt split parts 40 having a form of each of a plurality of members obtained by splitting a bolt 400 along a split face 44 containing a rotational axis such that one of a plurality of head parts 43 is contained, the bolt 400 including a screw part 41 having a thread on a lateral side, a widen part 42 having a non-circular cross-section which is provided on one end of the screw part 41 and widened from an outer diameter of the screw part 41, and a plurality pf head part 43 extending in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the screw part 41 from an end to which the widen part 42 of the screw part 41 is not in contact; and a spacer 60 having a hole 62 having a non-circular plate-like outer periphery 61 and shaped so as to correspond to a cross-section of the widen part 42.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a technology for repairing a structure whose load resistance is reduced by an opening formed in a sheet pile.

  When an opening is generated in the wall of a structure such as a revetment, a quay or the like due to damage or deterioration or the like, sediment may flow out of the opening from the back of the sheet and a cavity may be generated in the back of the sheet. When the cavity on the back of the sheet pile expands, the strength of the structure decreases. In order to prevent the expansion of the cavity and the decrease in the strength of the structure, repair work is performed to close the opening of the sheet pile with a repair plate. The main methods of fixing the repair plate to the sheet include welding and bolting. Among them, the welding operation in the underwater part, the tidal zone and the vicinity of the splash zone is highly difficult, and it is necessary to arrange experienced technicians. On the other hand, in the case of bolt connection, since work from the back side of the sheet pile is impossible in revetment, quay, etc., a special bolt that can be tightened only by the front side of the sheet pile is required.

  Patent documents 1 to 3 are, for example, patent documents 1 to 3 that disclose special bolts that can tighten an object by an operation from only one side of the object. Patent Document 1 discloses a bolt in which a head portion of a bolt and a shaft portion in which a screw groove is formed are integrally formed, and the entire bolt including the head portion and the shaft portion is a bolt centering on a central axis of the bolt. A bolt is described which is characterized in that it is divided into three or more along the axial direction of.

  In Patent Document 2, the shaft portion of the bolt is divided into at least two by a surface longitudinally cut in the length direction of the shaft portion, and the outer periphery of the shaft portion can be screwed with a nut in a combined state. A male screw is provided, and the dimension in the width direction of the head is set smaller than the diameter of the shaft at one end of each of the divided shafts, and bent in an L shape in a direction perpendicular to the center line of the shaft. Provided with a flat head, and provided with an end projection projecting in a flat shape so that the split shank can be pinched at the end of the shaft opposite to each head A split-type head stud bolt is described which is characterized in that.

  In Patent Document 3, a mounting metal fitting in which flat portions of two semicircular metal rods in cross section are closely attached, a screw portion is screwed on the front outer peripheral portion, and a vertical portion is provided by bending the back in opposite directions Also, a disc-shaped seating surface is integrally provided at the front end of the insertion portion of the cylindrical shaft, the outer surface of which is fitted separately into the mounting hole of plywood separately, and the insertion hole is further inserted into the screw at its axial center A mounting bracket for decorative plywood is described, in which a bush having a hole formed thereon and a nut screwed on the front end side of a screw portion are disposed.

JP, 2017-26087, A Japanese Examined Patent Publication 6-13884 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 51-22497

  The inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 3 require an operation of positioning a bolt inserted into a bolt hole. In addition, it is necessary to restrain the plurality of bolt divided bodies so as not to cause displacement or separation between the plurality of bolt divided bodies forming the bolt. In addition, it is necessary to apply a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the torque applied to the nut. Therefore, in the invention described in patent documents 1 thru / or 3, there is a subject that workability of repair falls.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention provides a technique which makes it possible to improve the workability of mounting work using a bolt and a nut for a repair plate which closes an opening of a sheet pile having a cavity on the rear surface.
The present invention also relates to an operation of positioning a bolt inserted in a bolt hole, an operation of restraining a plurality of bolt divided bodies so as not to cause displacement or separation between a plurality of bolt divided bodies forming the bolt, and a nut. A technology is provided that eliminates the need to apply a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the applied torque.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a screw portion having a screw thread on a side surface, a widening portion having a non-circular cross section provided at one end of the screw portion and wider than the outer diameter of the screw portion A bolt having a plurality of head portions extending in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the screw portion from an end of the widening portion not in contact with the screw portion, each having one of the plurality of head portions And a plurality of bolt divided bodies each having a shape of each of a plurality of members obtained when divided by a divided plane including the rotation axis, and a plate-like member having a non-circular outer edge, the cross-sectional shape of the widening portion A fastener comprising a spacer having a hole of a corresponding shape is proposed as a first aspect.

  According to the fastener according to the first aspect, an operation of positioning a bolt inserted into a bolt hole, a plurality of bolt divided bodies forming the bolt are restrained so that displacement or separation of the plurality of bolt divided bodies does not occur. There is no need for work and for applying a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the torque applied to the nut. Therefore, it is possible to improve the workability of the work of attaching the repair plate for closing the opening of the sheet pile having the cavity on the back surface using a bolt and a nut.

  The present invention is the sheet pile repair method which closes the opening of the sheet pile which has a cavity in the back using the fastener concerning the 1st mode, and the spacer in the field where the back of the sheet pile faces the cavity Opening a bolt hole having a shape corresponding to the outer edge of the bolt, inserting the head of each of the plurality of bolt divisions provided in the fastener into the cavity through the bolt hole, and the head is the cavity Combining the plurality of bolt divided bodies in a state of being inserted into the shape of the bolt, bringing the seat surface of the head into contact with the back surface of the sheet pile, and the plurality of combined bolt divided bodies Fitting the spacer between the widening portion and the bolt hole, and inserting the screw portion of the combined plurality of bolt divided bodies into the bolt hole opened in the repair plate , Place the repair board And extent, we propose a sheet pile repair method comprising a step of fixing the repair plate to the sheet pile by tightening the nut on the threaded portion of the plurality of bolts split bodies are combined as a second embodiment.

  According to the sheet pile repairing method of the second aspect, an operation of positioning the bolt inserted into the bolt hole, an operation of restraining the bolt so as not to cause the mutual displacement or separation of the plurality of divided members forming the bolt; There is no need to apply a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the torque applied to the nut. Therefore, it is possible to improve the workability of the work of attaching the repair plate for closing the opening of the sheet pile having the cavity on the back surface using a bolt and a nut.

  Further, the present invention is a structure repairing method for repairing a structure having a sheet pile having an opening and a cavity on the back surface of the sheet pile using the fastener according to the first aspect, which is a back surface of the sheet pile Drilling a bolt hole of a shape corresponding to the outer edge of the spacer in the area facing the cavity, and inserting the head of each of a plurality of bolt divisions of the fastener into the cavity through the bolt hole Inserting and combining the plurality of bolt segments with the head inserted into the cavity so as to form the shape of the bolt and bringing the seat surface of the head into contact with the back of the sheet pile , Fitting the spacer between the widening portion of the plurality of united bolt divided bodies and the bolt hole, injecting filling material into the cavity through the opening, and repairing plate In the opened bolt hole, Arranging the repair plate such that the threaded portion of the assembled plurality of bolt segments is inserted, and tightening the nut on the threaded portion of the plurality of combined bolt segments. Fixing a repair plate to the sheet pile is proposed as a third aspect of the structure repairing method.

  According to the method of repairing a structure according to the third aspect, an operation of positioning a bolt inserted in a bolt hole, an operation of restraining a bolt so that displacement or separation of a plurality of divided members forming the bolt does not occur, There is no need to apply a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the torque applied to the nut. Therefore, it is possible to improve the workability of the work of attaching the repair plate for closing the opening of the sheet pile having the cavity on the back surface using a bolt and a nut.

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the workability of the work of attaching a repair plate for closing the opening of the sheet pile having a cavity on the back surface using a bolt and a nut.
Further, according to the present invention, an operation of positioning a bolt inserted into a bolt hole, an operation of restraining a plurality of bolt divided bodies so as not to cause displacement or separation of a plurality of bolt divided bodies forming the bolts; It is possible to eliminate the need to apply a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the torque applied to the nut.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure before repair is performed by the method according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure before repair is performed by the method according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the structure before repair is performed by the method according to one embodiment. The figure which shows the fastener which concerns on one Embodiment. The figure which shows the bolt division body which concerns on one Embodiment. The figure which shows the volt | bolt which concerns on one Embodiment. The figure which shows the spacer which concerns on one Embodiment. FIG. 2 shows a flow of process steps according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a front view of a structure on the way of being repaired by the method according to one embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a structure on the way of being repaired by the method according to one embodiment. The figure which shows the board for repair which concerns on one Embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a structure on the way of being repaired by the method according to one embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a structure on the way of being repaired by the method according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure in a state where restoration is completed by the method according to one embodiment.

[Embodiment]
Hereinafter, a method of attaching a repair plate for closing an opening of a sheet pile having a cavity on the back surface according to an embodiment of the present invention using a bolt and a nut will be described.

  In the present application, the back of the sheet pile means the surface on which the sheet pile is in contact with the earth and sand, and the front of the sheet pile means the surface on the opposite side of the back.

  FIG. 1 is a front view of a structure 1 to be repaired. FIG. 2 is a view showing the opening 2 and the periphery thereof in the cross section A-A of the structure 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure 1 shown in FIG. In addition, in the following description, when it calls it "BB sectional drawing", it means the sectional drawing of the structure 1 in the BB line shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the structure 1 is a revetment. The structure 1 has a sheet pile 11 which constitutes a wall surface, soil 12 which is in contact with the sheet pile 11 from the rear surface, and an upper work 10 which is installed on the sheet pile 11.

  In the present embodiment, the sheet pile 11 is a hat-type steel sheet pile, and is a connected body of a plurality of sheet piles aligned along the normal of the structure 1. The sheet pile 11 is placed on the seabed ground G.

  In the example of FIG. 1, an opening 2 is generated in the sheet pile 11 due to significant corrosion in a range corresponding to the H. W. L. (high water level) or higher area that is in contact with seawater droplets. As shown in FIG. 2, as a result of a part of the soil 12 on the back of the sheet pile 11 flowing out from the opening 2, a cavity 3 is formed on the back of the sheet pile 11. In addition, in the structure 1 in this state, the load reduction occurs due to the opening 2 and the cavity 3.

  FIG. 4 is a view showing the fastener 9. The fastener 9 is used to attach a repair plate 6 for closing the opening 2 of the sheet pile 11 to the sheet pile 11. The fastener 9 includes a plurality of bolt segments 40 and a spacer 60.

  FIG. 5 is a view showing two bolt divided bodies 40. As shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a view showing a bolt 400 formed by combining two bolt divided bodies 40. FIG. 7 is a view showing the spacer 60. As shown in FIG. Bolt 400 formed by uniting two bolt divisions 40 has screw part 41, widening part 42, and a plurality of heads 43 (in this case, two heads 43). The screw portion 41 is a cylindrical portion having a screw thread on the side surface. The widening portion 42 is a portion of a non-circular cross section provided at one end of the screw portion 41 and wider than the outer diameter of the screw portion 41. In the present embodiment, an example in which the cross-sectional shape of the widening portion 42 is rectangular is shown, but the widening portion 42 may have any non-circular cross-sectional shape. The plurality of head portions 43 are portions extending in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the screw portion 41 from the end of the wide portion 42 not in contact with the screw portion 41.

  Bolt segment 40 includes a bolt 400 having a threaded portion 41, a widened portion 42 and a plurality of heads 43, each comprising one of a plurality of heads 43 (in this case two heads 43) Thus, the shape of each of a plurality of members (in this case, two members) obtained when divided by the dividing surface 44 including the rotation axis is provided. The bolt divided body 40 may be manufactured by cutting the bolt 400 processed into the shape which united two bolt divided bodies 40 by the dividing surface 44 containing a rotating shaft. Alternatively, the bolt split body 40 may be manufactured by processing the material into a desired shape.

  The spacer 60 has a hole 62 whose outer edge 61 is a non-circular plate-like member and has a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the wide portion 42. A bolt hole 5 having a shape corresponding to the outer edge 61 of the spacer 60 is opened in a region where the back surface of the sheet stack 11 faces the cavity, and between the widened portions 42 of the plurality of combined bolt segments 40 and the bolt hole 5 The spacer 60 is fitted. Although the outer edge 61 of the spacer 60 has a rectangular shape in this embodiment, the outer edge 61 of the spacer 60 may have any non-circular shape. However, since it has the process of making the bolt hole 5 corresponding to the shape of the outer edge 61 of the spacer 60 in the sheet pile 11 in repair work, the simple shape of the outer edge 61 of the spacer 60 is desirable.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a flow of steps of the sheet pile repairing method and the structure repairing method according to the present embodiment. The operator first specifies the position and range of the cavity 3 (step S01). As a method of specifying the position and range of the cavity 3, any of known methods may be used. Known methods for specifying the position and range of the cavity 3 include a method involving excavating such as a cut-and-cut survey, a tapping sound, a method using ground penetrating radar search and infrared thermography, and the like.

  Subsequently, the worker opens a plurality of bolt holes having a shape corresponding to the outer edge of the spacer in a region where the back surface of the sheet pile 11 faces the cavity 3 (step S02).

  FIG. 9 is a front view of the structure 1 in a state in which six bolt holes, that is, bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) are opened in the sheet pile 11. As shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a view showing the opening 2 and the periphery thereof in the B-B cross section of the structure 1 in the state of FIG. 9. The number and position of the bolt holes drilled in the sheet pile 11 are not limited to those illustrated in FIG.

  Subsequently, the worker prepares a plate-like member of a size and shape that covers all of the opening 2 and the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) opened in the sheet pile 11 as the repair plate 6. The bolt holes of the same positional relationship as the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) are made in the repair plate 6 (step S03). The diameter of the bolt hole opened here may be a size through which the screw portion 41 of the bolt 400 passes without resistance. In the present embodiment, the repair plate 6 is a steel plate. In the present embodiment, it is not necessary to cut a screw thread on the side surface of the bolt hole that can be opened in the repair plate 6. FIG. 11 shows the repair plate 6 in a state in which the bolt holes 7 (1) to 7 (6) are opened at positions corresponding to the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) opened in the sheet pile 11, respectively. It is a front view.

  In addition, the temporal context of the process (step S02) of making a plurality of bolt holes in the sheet pile 11 and the process (step S03) of preparing a repair plate 6 and making a plurality of bolt holes in the repair plate 6 does not matter. .

  Subsequently, the worker performs the following steps S04 to S06 with respect to each of the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) of the sheet pile 11. Below, the work of steps S04-S06 which a worker performs about bolt hole 5 (2) is explained as an example. 12 and 13 are views showing the bolt hole 5 (2) and the periphery thereof in the B-B cross section of the structure 1. First, the operator inserts the head 43 of each of the plurality of bolt divided bodies 40 (in this case, the two bolt divided bodies 40) included in the fastener 9 into the cavity 3 through the bolt holes 5 (2) of the sheet pile 11. (Step S04).

  FIG. 12A is a diagram showing how the head 43 of the first bolt segment 40 is inserted into the cavity. If the head 43 of the first bolt segment 40 is inserted, as shown in FIG. 12 (b), while the operator holds the first bolt segment 40, the second bolt segment 40 is The head 43 is inserted into the cavity 3 through the bolt hole. FIG. 12C is a view showing a state in which the heads 43 of the two bolt divided bodies 40 are inserted into the cavity 3.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12 (d), the worker unites the plurality of bolt divided bodies 40 in a state where the head portion 43 is inserted into the cavity so as to form the shape of the bolt 400. The seat surface 45 is brought into contact with the back surface of the sheet pile 11 (step S05).

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 12 (e), the operator inserts the screw portions 41 of the united bolt divided bodies 40 into the holes 62 of the spacer 60, as shown in FIG. 12 (f), The spacer 60 is fitted between the wide portions 42 of the plurality of combined bolt segments 40 and the bolt holes 5 (2) (step S06). The spacer 60 positions the bolt 400 inserted into the bolt hole 5 (2), and prevents displacement and separation of the plurality of bolt divisions 40 forming the bolt 400, so the bolt hole 5 (2) The operation of positioning the inserted bolt 400 and the operation of restraining the plurality of bolt divided bodies 40 so as to prevent mutual displacement or separation of the plurality of bolt divided bodies 40 forming the bolt 400 become unnecessary.

  After performing the same operation as described above for the bolt hole 5 (2) for the bolt holes 5 (1) and 5 (3) to 5 (6), as shown in FIG. 13 (a). , And screw portions of a plurality of united bolt divided bodies 40 attached to the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) in the bolt holes 7 (1) to 7 (6) opened in the repair plate 6. The repair plate 6 is disposed so that each of 41 is inserted (step S07).

  A filler may be injected into the cavity 3 through the opening 2 before the repair plate 6 is placed. For example, plastic grout is used as the filler. Plastic grouts have the property of being self-supporting when the injection pressure is lost. Therefore, the plastic grout does not flow out of the opening 2 until the opening 2 is closed by the repair plate 6 after the injection into the cavity 3 is completed.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 13 (b), the worker can use each of the screw portions 41 of the plurality of united bolt divided bodies 40 attached to the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6), The repair plate 6 is fixed to the sheet pile 11 by tightening the nut 80 through the washer 81 (step S08). When tightening the nut 80, a torque in the same direction as the torque acting on the nut 80 is transmitted to the bolt division body 40, and the torque transmitted to the bolt division body 40 is transmitted to the spacer 60 via the widening portion 42, The spacer 60 is a plate-like member whose outer edge is non-circular and is fitted into the bolt holes 5 (1) to 5 (6) of a shape corresponding to the outer edge of the spacer 60. There is nothing to do. Therefore, since the torque applied to the nut 80 prevents the bolt split body 40 from idling, the operation of applying a force to the bolt split body 40 to resist the idle rotation of the bolt split body 40 is not necessary. In order to prevent the bolt segment 40 from falling into the cavity 3 during the tightening operation, it is desirable that another worker hold the bolt segment 40.

  FIG. 14 is a front view of the structure 1 in a state in which restoration has been completed by the sheet pile repair method and the structure restoration method according to the present embodiment.

  According to the present embodiment, an operation of positioning a bolt inserted into a bolt hole, an operation of restraining a plurality of bolt divided bodies so as not to cause mutual displacement or separation of a plurality of bolt divided bodies forming the bolt, and a nut There is no need to apply a force to the bolt to resist the slippage of the bolt due to the torque applied to the bolt. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to improve the workability of the work of attaching the repair plate for closing the opening of the sheet pile having a cavity on the back surface using a bolt and a nut.

[Modification]
The above-described embodiment is a specific example of the present invention, and can be variously modified within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The following shows examples of such modifications.

(1) The number, the position, the size, the size of the repair plate 6 and the like of the bolt holes shown in the description of the embodiment described above are examples, and may be appropriately changed according to the position and the range of the cavity 3.

(2) In the above embodiment, a plastic grout is used as the filler, but instead of the plastic grout, other types of fillers such as concrete, foam mortar, non-plastic grout, etc. are used It is also good.

(3) In the above-described embodiment, the sheet pile to be repaired is a hat-shaped steel sheet pile, but the sheet pile to be repaired may be a steel sheet pile of another shape such as a U-shaped steel sheet pile or a straight steel sheet pile .

(4) In the embodiment described above, although the sheet piles 11 and the repair plate 6 are both made of steel, these members may be made of materials other than steel.

(5) In the embodiment described above, the structure to be restored is a revetment, but if the sheet pile is a structure that constitutes a wall surface, other structures such as a quay, a closing wall, a retaining wall, etc. It may be

(6) In the above-mentioned embodiment, although the example in which a bolt is formed by two bolt division bodies was shown, a bolt may be formed by three or more bolt division bodies. For example, the three bolt divisions form an angle of 120 ° between the screw portion, the widening portion, and a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the screw portion from the end of the widening portion not in contact with the screw portion. Comprising a shape of each of a plurality of members obtained by dividing a bolt having three heads extending in a dividing plane including a rotation axis so as to each include one of the three heads . In this case, the dividing planes make an angle of 120 ° with one another.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... structure, 2 ... opening part, 3 ... cavity, 5 (1)-5 (6) ... bolt hole, 6 ... repair board, 7 (1)-7 (6) ... bolt hole, 9 ... fastener , 10: superstructure, 11: sheet pile, 12: earth and sand, 40: bolt division body, 41: screw portion, 42: widening portion, 43: head, 44: division surface, 45: seat surface, 60: spacer, 80 ... nut, 81 ... washer.

Claims (3)

A screw portion having a screw thread on the side, a widening portion of a non-circular cross section provided at one end of the screw portion and wider than the outer diameter of the screw portion, and an end of the widening portion not in contact with the screw portion A bolt having a plurality of heads extending in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the threaded portion from a section, divided by a dividing plane including the axis of rotation so that each includes one of the plurality of heads A plurality of bolted segments each having a shape of each of a plurality of members obtained in the
A fastener comprising: a non-circular plate-like member whose outer edge is a hole having a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the widened portion. A method for repairing a sheet pile, comprising closing the opening of a sheet pile having a cavity on the back side using the fastener according to claim 1;
Drilling bolt holes of a shape corresponding to the outer edge of the spacer in the area where the back surface of the sheet pile faces the cavity;
Inserting the head of each of a plurality of bolt segments provided in the fastener into the cavity through the bolt holes;
Combining the plurality of bolt divided bodies in a state in which the head is inserted into the cavity so as to form the shape of the bolt, and bringing the seat surface of the head into contact with the back surface of the sheet pile;
Fitting the spacer between the widenings of the plurality of combined bolt segments and the bolt holes;
Disposing the repair plate such that the threaded portions of the plurality of united bolt divided bodies are inserted into the bolt holes opened in the repair plate;
Fixing the repair plate to the sheet pile by tightening a nut on the screw portion of the plurality of united bolt divided bodies. A structure repairing method for repairing a structure having a sheet pile having an opening and a cavity on the back of the sheet pile, using the fastener according to claim 1.
Drilling bolt holes of a shape corresponding to the outer edge of the spacer in the area where the back surface of the sheet pile faces the cavity;
Inserting the head of each of a plurality of bolt segments provided in the fastener into the cavity through the bolt holes;
Combining the plurality of bolt divided bodies in a state in which the head is inserted into the cavity so as to form the shape of the bolt, and bringing the seat surface of the head into contact with the back surface of the sheet pile;
Fitting the spacer between the widenings of the plurality of combined bolt segments and the bolt holes;
Injecting a filler into the cavity through the opening;
Disposing the repair plate such that the threaded portions of the plurality of united bolt divided bodies are inserted into the bolt holes opened in the repair plate;
Fixing the repair plate to the sheet pile by tightening a nut on the threaded portion of the plurality of united bolt divided bodies.

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