JP2019082048A - Stair - Google Patents

Abstract

To prevent the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon effectively.SOLUTION: The stair comprises a concrete frame having a plurality of treads and a plurality of risers, and a finish disposed on the treads and the risers of the concrete frame. A first groove which is continuous from the upper stage to the lower stage is formed on the tread surface and the riser surface of the concrete frame. A second groove connected to the first groove is formed on the tread surface of the concrete frame. In the first groove and the second groove, a water conduit having a plurality of openings formed on the surface is disposed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The technology disclosed by the present specification relates to stairs.

  For example, as stairs installed outdoors, it has a step-like concrete frame having a plurality of treads and a plurality of risers, and a finishing material such as a tile or a stone disposed on the treads and the risers of the concrete frame. The stairs are used.

  In such steps, a white cotton-like or spot-like product may appear on the surface of the steps, resulting in efflorescence. The whitening phenomenon occurs, for example, by the following mechanism. That is, calcium hydroxide in the concrete casing moves to the surface of the concrete casing in a state of being dissolved in water, calcium hydroxide remains on the surface as the water evaporates, and the remaining calcium hydroxide is dioxide in the air It reacts with carbon to form water-insoluble calcium carbonate, which floats out as the above product.

  Conventionally, there is known a technique of adding an anti-whitening agent to concrete in order to prevent the whitening phenomenon (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2-160647

  However, there is a problem that the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon in the stairs can not be effectively prevented only by adding the anti-whitening agent to the concrete as in the above-mentioned prior art.

  The present specification discloses a technology that can solve the above-described problems.

  The technology disclosed in the present specification can be realized, for example, as the following form.

(1) The stairs disclosed in the present specification are stairs, and a concrete frame having a plurality of treads and a plurality of risers, and a finish disposed on the treads and the risers of the concrete skeleton. A first groove continuous from the upper level to the lower level is formed in the tread surface and the riser surface of the concrete body, and the tread surface of the concrete body includes the first groove In the first groove and the second groove, a water conduit having a plurality of openings formed in the surface is disposed. According to this step, even if calcium hydroxide in the concrete casing is dissolved in water and moves to the surface of the concrete casing, the water flows into the water conduit provided in the second groove, The water flows in the water conduit toward the first groove, flows into the water conduit provided in the first groove, flows in the lower direction of the stairs, and is discharged to the outside of the stairs. That is, the water which has moved to the surface of the concrete frame is quickly discharged to the outside of the stairs before it evaporates on the surface. Therefore, according to the present step, it is possible to suppress the evaporation of water moved to the surface of the concrete body on the surface, and as a result, calcium hydroxide which causes the efflorescence phenomenon remains on the surface. As a result, the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

(2) In the above-mentioned step, the above-mentioned channel may be a pipe constituted by a reticulated body. According to this step, the surface open area ratio of the water conduit can be increased, and as a result, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing can be taken into the water conduit quickly. Therefore, according to the present step, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing can be more reliably suppressed from evaporating on the surface, so that the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon can be more effectively prevented.

(3) In the stairs, the second groove may be formed along an end portion of the tread surface of the concrete casing on the side of the riser surface. According to this step, the water conduit can be disposed at a position having a small influence in terms of design and function, and the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon can be effectively achieved while suppressing the influence on the design and function of the step. It can be prevented.

(4) In the step, the first groove may be formed to extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the width direction of the step. According to this step, since the water flowing into the water conduit arranged in the first groove can be promptly discharged to the outside of the step, the occurrence of the efflorescence phenomenon can be more effectively prevented. it can.

(5) In the stairs, at least one through hole is formed in the concrete casing in the vertical direction to penetrate the concrete casing, and the first groove passes through the position of the through hole. It is good also as composition formed. According to this step, since the water which has flowed into the water conduit arranged in the first groove can be discharged to the outside of the step even through the through hole, the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon is made more effective. It can be prevented.

  Note that the technology disclosed in the present specification can be realized in various forms, for example, can be realized in the form of stairs, structures provided with stairs, methods of manufacturing them, and the like.

It is a perspective view showing the composition of stairs 100 in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which expands and shows XZ cross-section structure of the stairs 100 in X1 part of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which expands and shows YZ cross-section structure of the stairs 100 in X2 part of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which expands and shows XZ cross-section structure of the stairs 100 in X3 part of FIG.

A. Embodiment:
A-1. Constitution:
(Structure of stairs 100)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the step 100 in the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing an enlarged XZ cross-sectional configuration of the step 100 in the X1 portion of FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an enlarged YZ cross-sectional configuration of the step 100 in the X2 portion of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an enlarged XZ cross-sectional configuration of the step 100 in the X3 portion of FIG. In each figure, mutually orthogonal XYZ axes for specifying the direction are shown. In the present specification, for convenience, the positive Z-axis direction is referred to as "upward", and the negative Z-axis direction is referred to as "downward". In addition, in order to show the structure of the stairs 100 intelligibly in FIG. 1, illustration of the mortar 130 mentioned later and the finishing material 120 grade | etc., Is abbreviate | omitted.

  The stairs 100 in the present embodiment are external stairs provided outdoors. As shown in FIG. 1, the staircase 100 includes a step-shaped concrete casing 110 having a plurality of treads 115 and a plurality of risers 116.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the finishing material 120 is disposed on each tread surface 115 and each leading surface 116 of the concrete casing 110 with a mortar 130 interposed therebetween. In the present embodiment, a stone is employed as the finishing material 120. That is, the stairs 100 in the present embodiment are stone-finished external stairs. In addition, as the finishing material 120, you may employ | adopt other materials, such as a tile, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the surface of the finishing material 120 disposed on the tread surface 115 of the concrete casing 110 on the opposite side to the concrete casing 110 side constitutes a finish tread 125. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the surface of the finishing material 120 disposed on the kicking surface 116 of the concrete housing 110 on the opposite side to the concrete housing 110 constitutes a finishing kicking surface 126. That is, the treads 115 and the kicking surfaces 116 of the concrete frame 110 are just the surface of the concrete chassis 110, and the surfaces of the stairs 100 as a finished product are the finished treads 125 and the finish risers 126.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in each tread surface 115 and each leading surface 116 of the concrete frame 110, a first groove 111 is formed continuously from the top to the bottom of the stairs 100. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, in each tread surface 115 of the concrete chassis 110, the first groove 111 having a substantially rectangular cross section is substantially orthogonal to the width direction (X-axis direction) of the step 100 ( It is formed to extend in a direction substantially parallel to the Y axis). Although not shown, the first grooves 111 having a substantially rectangular cross section are substantially parallel to the direction (X axis direction) of the step 100 in the width direction (X axis direction) of each of the risers 116 of the concrete frame 110. Direction) is formed. The shape of the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the first groove 111 is, for example, a substantially trapezoidal shape in which the side surfaces on both sides are tapered, and the size of the cross section is, for example, a width: 20 mm (upper end in FIG. Position) to 15 mm (lower end position in FIG. 2), depth: 20 mm. In the present embodiment, the first groove 111 is formed at a substantially central position in the width direction (X-axis direction) of the step 100. The first groove 111 functions as a crack-inducing joint and also functions as an installation space for a water pipe 140 described later.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, on each tread surface 115 of the concrete chassis 110, a second groove 112 connected to the first groove 111 is formed. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the second groove 112 having a substantially rectangular cross section extends in the width direction of the step 100 along the end portion of each tread surface 115 of the concrete chassis 110 on the side of the riser surface 116. It is formed to extend substantially parallel to the X axis direction). The shape of the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the second groove 112 is, for example, a substantially trapezoidal shape in which the side surface on one side is tapered, and the size of the cross section is, for example, a width: 20 mm (upper end in FIG. Position) to 15 mm (lower end position in FIG. 3), depth: 20 mm. In the present embodiment, the second groove 112 is formed substantially throughout the width direction (X-axis direction) of the step 100.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a water conduit 140 is disposed in the first groove 111 and the second groove 112. The water guiding pipe 140 is a substantially cylindrical pipe in which the drainage path 142 is formed. The water conduit 140 is formed of a reticulated body, and a plurality of openings are formed on the surface. The size of the cross section orthogonal to the extension direction of the water conduit 140 is, for example, an outer diameter: 20.5 mm, and an inner diameter: 15.0 mm. The water conduit 140 is made of, for example, a resin such as polyester or polypropylene. As such a water conduit 140, for example, "Balladen II Type" manufactured by Kuraray Plastics Co., Ltd., "Hetimaron" manufactured by Shinko Nylon Co., Ltd., or the like can be adopted.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, at least one through hole 118 which penetrates the concrete casing 110 in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) is formed in the concrete casing 110. In the example shown in FIG. 1, one through hole 118 is formed in the middle stage of the stairs 100. The shape of the cross section orthogonal to the extending direction of the through hole 118 is, for example, a circle with a diameter of 100 mm. Inside the through hole 118, single crushed stone 150 is packed, and the through hole 118 functions as a water draining hole. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the first groove 111 is formed to pass through the position of the through hole 118.

  As described above, the finishing material 120 is disposed on each tread surface 115 and each leading surface 116 of the concrete frame 110 with the mortar 130 interposed therebetween. Further, in a gap between the finishing material 120 and the finishing material 120, a joint material 160 (for example, a width: about 10 mm) is filled.

A-2. How to make stairs 100:
The staircase 100 having the above-described configuration can be manufactured, for example, by the following method.

  First, the concrete frame 110 is constructed. At this time, each tread surface 115 and each leading surface 116 is provided with a relief corresponding to the depth (for example, 20 mm) of the first groove 111 and the second groove 112. Then, the first groove 111 and the second groove 112 are provided at predetermined positions on each tread surface 115 and each leading surface 116 of the concrete frame 110. Further, a through hole 118 is provided at a predetermined position (a position overlapping with the first groove 111) in the predetermined tread surface 115, and the single particle crushed stone 150 is packed in the through hole 118.

  Next, the water conduit 140 is pushed into and installed inside the first groove 111 and the second groove 112. At this time, when the water conduit 140 is lifted, it may be fixed by a stainless nail or the like. In addition, the lowermost part of the water conduit 140 is lowered to reach the pavement underpassage and fixed and protected. In this state, it is confirmed that no water pool is generated on each tread surface 115 and the like of the concrete chassis 110.

  Next, the finish 120 is attached to the treads 115 and the risers 116 via the mortar 130, and the joint 160 is filled in the gap between the finish 120 and the finish 120. By the above method, the manufacture (construction) of the stairs 100 is completed.

A-3. Effects of the present embodiment:
As described above, the stairs 100 according to the present embodiment includes the concrete casing 110 having the plurality of treads 115 and the plurality of risers 116, and the finishing material disposed on the treads 115 and the risers 116 of the concrete casing 110. And 120. A first groove 111 continuous from the upper stage to the lower stage is formed in the tread surface 115 and the riser surface 116 of the concrete housing 110, and the tread surface 115 of the concrete housing 110 is connected to the first groove 111. Grooves 112 are formed. In the first groove 111 and the second groove 112, a water conduit 140 having a plurality of openings formed on the surface is disposed.

  Since the stairs 100 of the present embodiment have such a configuration, the occurrence of efflorescence that a white cotton-like or spot-like product floats out on the surface of the stairs 100 is effectively prevented. be able to. That is, for the occurrence mechanism of the whitening phenomenon, for example, calcium hydroxide in the concrete housing 110 moves to the surface of the concrete housing 110 in a dissolved state in water, and calcium hydroxide remains on the surface as the water evaporates. The remaining calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form water-insoluble calcium carbonate, which floats out as the above-mentioned product. In the step 100 of the present embodiment, even if the calcium hydroxide in the concrete casing 110 is dissolved in water and moves to the surface of the concrete casing 110, the water is provided in the second groove 112. And flows into the drainage channel 142 toward the first groove 111 and is further provided in the first groove 111, as shown by the arrow in FIG. The water flows into the drainage path 142 constituted by the water conduit 140, flows in the lower direction of the stairs 100, and is discharged to the outside of the stairs 100 (paving underpass). That is, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing 110 is quickly discharged to the outside of the stairs 100 before evaporating on the surface. Therefore, according to the step 100 of the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing 110 from evaporating on the surface, and as a result, the hydroxide which causes the whitening phenomenon on the surface Since the remaining of calcium can be suppressed, the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

  Moreover, in the stairs 100 of the present embodiment, the water guiding pipe 140 is a pipe constituted by a net-like body. Therefore, in the stairs 100 of the present embodiment, the surface aperture ratio of the water conduit 140 can be increased (for example, to 80% or more), and as a result, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing 110 is configured by the water conduit 140 It can be quickly taken into the drain drainage 142. Therefore, according to the step 100 of the present embodiment, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing 110 can be more reliably suppressed from evaporating on the surface, so the occurrence of the efflorescence phenomenon can be more effectively prevented. can do.

  Further, in the staircase 100 of the present embodiment, the second groove 112 is formed along the end of the tread surface 115 of the concrete casing 110 on the side of the riser surface 116. Therefore, according to the stairs 100 of the present embodiment, the water conduit 140 can be disposed at a position where the influence on the design and function is small, and the influence on the design and function of the stairs 100 is suppressed. The occurrence of the flowering phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

  Further, in the staircase 100 of the present embodiment, the first groove 111 is formed to extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the width direction of the staircase 100. Therefore, according to the step 100 of the present embodiment, the water flowing into the drainage channel 142 configured by the water conduit 140 disposed in the first groove 111 can be promptly discharged to the outside of the step 100. As a result, the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon can be prevented more effectively.

  Further, in the staircase 100 of the present embodiment, at least one through hole 118 penetrating the concrete box 110 in the vertical direction is formed in the concrete casing 110, and the first groove 111 passes through the position of the through hole 118 It is formed to be. Therefore, according to the step 100 of the present embodiment, the water that has flowed into the drainage path 142 configured by the water conduit 140 disposed in the first groove 111 can be extracted from the outside of the step 100 also through the through hole 118. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of the efflorescence phenomenon more effectively.

  In addition to the above configuration, a well-known anti-whitening measure (for example, addition of an anti-whitening agent to mortar 130, surface protection to finishing material 120) in order to prevent the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon more effectively It is preferable to adopt construction of materials, construction of waterproofing to the upper part of the stairs 100, and the like.

B. Modification:
The technology disclosed in the present specification is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified into various forms without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the following modifications are also possible.

  The configuration of the stairs 100 in the above embodiment is merely an example, and various modifications are possible. For example, in the above embodiment, the water conduit 140 is made of a reticulated body, but as the configuration of the water conduit 140, as long as a plurality of openings are formed on the surface, a configuration other than the mesh (for example, , Perforated pipes, etc.) can be adopted. However, as described above, when the water conduit 140 is configured by a reticulated body, the surface open area ratio of the water conduit 140 can be increased, and as a result, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing 110 is configured by the water conduit 140 It is preferable because it can be quickly taken into the drain channel 142 and the occurrence of the efflorescence phenomenon can be prevented more effectively.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the first groove 111 is formed to extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the width direction (X-axis direction) of the step 100, but the extending direction of the first groove 111 is the same. It is not limited to, and can be arbitrarily deformed. However, as described above, if the first groove 111 is formed so as to extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the width direction of the stairs 100, the water moved to the surface of the concrete casing 110 can be rapidly It is preferable because it can be discharged to the outside and the occurrence of the efflorescence phenomenon can be effectively prevented.

  In the above embodiment, the first groove 111 is continuously formed from the top to the bottom of the step 100, but the first groove 111 is necessarily formed continuously from the top to the bottom. It does not have to be done, it may be formed continuously over at least two stages. However, if the first grooves 111 are continuously formed from the top to the bottom of the stairs 100, the occurrence of the efflorescence phenomenon can be effectively prevented over the entire stairs 100, which is preferable.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the second groove 112 is formed over substantially the entire width direction (X-axis direction) of the step 100, but the second groove 112 is not necessarily substantially the entire width direction of the step 100. It does not have to be formed across the surface of the step 100, and may be formed on at least a part of the width direction of the step 100. However, if the second groove 112 is formed over the entire width direction of the step 100, the occurrence of the whitening phenomenon can be effectively prevented over the entire tread surface 115, which is preferable.

  Further, the cross-sectional shapes of the first groove 111 and the second groove 112 in the above embodiment are merely an example, and can be variously modified. For example, the taper at the side of the cross section of the first groove 111 and the second groove 112 can be omitted. Further, in the above embodiment, the width of the joint material 160 (that is, the width of the gap between the finishing materials 120) is narrower than the width of the water conduit 140, but the width of the joint material 160 is equal to or greater than the width of the water conduit 140 It may be In this way, the water conduit 140 can be replaced without affecting the finishing material 120 simply by removing the joint material 160.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the one through-hole 118 is formed in the concrete housing 110, the through-hole 118 may be formed in the concrete housing 110. As shown in FIG. Further, the through hole 118 may not be formed in the concrete casing 110.

  Moreover, although the stairs 100 in the said embodiment are external stairs provided in the outdoors, this invention is not restricted to an external stairs, It is applicable also to the stairs provided indoors.

100: Stairs 110: Concrete frame 111: 1st groove 112: 2nd groove 115: tread 116: kicking surface 118: through hole 120: finish material 125: finish tread 126: finish kicking surface 130: mortar 140: Water pipe 142: Drainage channel 150: Single crushed stone 160: Joint material

Claims (5)

It is stairs,
A concrete frame having a plurality of treads and a plurality of risers,
A finishing material disposed on the tread surface and the riser surface of the concrete frame;
Equipped with
A first groove continuous from the upper stage to the lower stage is formed in the tread surface and the riser surface of the concrete frame,
A second groove connected to the first groove is formed in the tread surface of the concrete frame,
In the first and second grooves, a water conduit having a plurality of openings formed on the surface is disposed. A staircase according to claim 1, wherein
The water pipe is a pipe constituted by a net-like body, and the stairs. It is the stairs according to claim 1 or claim 2,
The second groove is formed along an end of the tread surface of the concrete frame on the side of the riser surface. It is the stairs according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The first groove is formed to extend in a direction substantially orthogonal to the width direction of the step. It is the stairs according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The concrete box is formed with at least one through hole vertically penetrating the concrete box,
The first groove is formed to pass through the position of the through hole.

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