JP2019051493A - 二酸化炭素の還元触媒体とその製造方法、還元電極、及び還元反応装置 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素の還元触媒体とその製造方法、還元電極、及び還元反応装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019051493A JP2019051493A JP2017178634A JP2017178634A JP2019051493A JP 2019051493 A JP2019051493 A JP 2019051493A JP 2017178634 A JP2017178634 A JP 2017178634A JP 2017178634 A JP2017178634 A JP 2017178634A JP 2019051493 A JP2019051493 A JP 2019051493A
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- reduction
- metal
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- catalyst body
- reduction catalyst
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- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
図1は実施形態による還元電極の構成を示す断面図である。図1に示す還元電極1は、二酸化炭素(CO2)の還元触媒体2と、還元触媒体2と電気的に接続され、主として電極として機能する導電部材3とを備えている。二酸化炭素の還元触媒体2とは、二酸化炭素を含む電解液に浸漬され若しくは電解液と接し、又はガス状の二酸化炭素と接し、二酸化炭素(CO2)の還元反応を生起して、一酸化炭素(CO)、ギ酸(HCOOH)、メタン(CH4)、メタノール(CH3OH)、酢酸(CH3COOH)、エタン(C2H6)、エチレン(C2H4)、エタノール(C2H5OH)、ホルムアルデヒド(HCHO)、アセトアルデヒド(CH3CHO)、酢酸(CH3COOH)、エチレングリコール(HOCH2CH2OH)、1−プロパノール(CH3CH2CH2OH)、イソプロパノール(CH3CHOHCH3)、アセチレン(C2H2)、グリセロール(C3H8O3)、ジヒドロキシアセトン(C3H6O3)、ヒドロキシピルビン酸(C3H4O4)、メソキサル酸(C3H2O5)、シュウ酸(C2H2O4)、グリセルアルデヒド(C3H6O3)、グリセリン酸(C3H6O4)、タルトロン酸(C3H4O5)、グリコール酸(C2H4O3)、グリオキサール(C2H2O2)、グリコールアルデヒド(C2H4O2)、グリオキシル酸(C2H2O3)等の炭素化合物を生成する機能を有するものである。還元触媒体2は、その少なくとも一部に、二酸化炭素(CO2)を電気的に還元することが可能な部位(以下、CO2還元部位とも言う。)を有している。
次に、第1の実施形態による還元電極1を用いた二酸化炭素の還元反応装置(電解装置)について、図5を参照して説明する。なお、図5に示す還元反応装置の構成はあくまでも一例であり、第1の実施形態による還元電極1を用いて二酸化炭素の還元反応を生起可能な反応装置であれば種々の変形が可能である。図5に示す還元反応装置21は、水(H2O)及び二酸化炭素(CO2)を含む電解液22を収容する電解槽23、酸化電極24、還元電極25、及び電源26を具備している。酸化電極24及び還元電極25は、電解槽23内に配置され、電解液22に浸漬されている。電源26は、電解槽23の外側に配置されている。電源26は酸化電極24及び還元電極25に接続されている。
2H2O → 4H++O2+4e− …(1)
酸化電極24側で生成されたH+は電解液22A、22B中を移動し、還元電極25付近に到達する。電源26から還元電極25に供給される電流(電子(e−))と還元電極25付近に移動したH+とによって、二酸化炭素(CO2)の還元反応が生じる。CO2の還元反応は、下記の式(2)にしたがって進行し、例えばCO2からCOが生成される。
2CO2+4H++4e− → 2CO+2H2O …(2)
CO2の還元反応生成物は、COに限られるものではなく、前述したような各種の炭素化合物を還元触媒の種類等に応じて生成することができる。
まず、以下のようにして還元電極を作製した。まず、炭酸水素カリウム(0.5M)を含む水溶液に、金属基材として銀板を浸漬した。次いで、銀の酸化電位よりも貴な電位(2V(vs RHE))を、炭酸水素カリウム水溶液に浸漬した銀板に1時間印加し、その後銀の還元電位よりも卑な電位(−1.5V(vs RHE))を30分印加することによって、CO2還元触媒を有する還元電極を作製した。
[XRD測定]
実施例1で得られた還元電極のCO2還元触媒体(多孔質突起部を有する多孔質金属層)と、比較例1で得られた還元電極のCO2還元触媒体(多孔質突起部を有さない多孔質金属層)について、X線回折測定を実施して回折ピークを測定した。これらの測定結果を図6に示す。図6(A)は実施例1の回折ピークであり、図6(B)が比較例1の回折ピークである。図6(C)は参照例として、銀のJCPDS(00−001−1164)における回折ピークである。さらに、図6(A)及び図6(B)の回折ピークから、{111}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値I111、{100}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値I100、{110}面に起因するピーク強度の最大値I110の比(I111/I100とI111/I110)を算出した。それらの結果を表1に示す。
実施例1で得られた突起形状を有するCO2還元電極と比較例1で得られたCO2還元電極について、CO2還元反応における一酸化炭素(CO)の生成選択率を測定した。CO2還元反応は、図5に示したCO2還元反応装置を用いて行った。4.5cm2に規格化されたCO2還元電極と、酸化電極としての白金電極とを、電解液としてCO2を飽和溶解させた炭酸水素カリウム(0.5M)水溶液(各セル:30mL)と、アニオン交換膜としてセレミオンTM膜とを具備した、気密性H型セルを用いて、CO2を200mL/minで吹き込み、参照極としてAg/AgCl(飽和KCl)電極を用いて、−1.7V(vs Ag/AgCl(飽和KCl))の定電位を印加した。1.5時間後のCO生成選択率の測定結果を表2に示す。
Claims (10)
- 金属層と、前記金属層上に設けられ、金属微粒子の凝集体で構成されていると共に、多角形の3面以上の表面を有する多面体構造を備える突起部とを具備し、
前記突起部は、少なくとも前記表面の一部として、二酸化炭素を還元する部位を有する、二酸化炭素の還元触媒体。 - 前記突起部は、5nm以上500nm以下の直径を有する前記金属微粒子が凝集した構造を有する、請求項1に記載の還元触媒体。
- 前記突起部は、最長辺が1μm以上50μm以下の角錐及び角錐台から選ばれる少なくとも1つの形状を有する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の還元触媒体。
- 前記金属微粒子は、金、銀、銅、白金、ニッケル、亜鉛、パラジウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、及びマグネシウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の還元触媒体。
- 前記金属微粒子は、金、銀、銅、白金、ニッケル、及びパラジウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つを含み、
前記金属微粒子のX線回折測定における{111}面のピーク強度の最大値をI111、{100}面のピーク強度の最大値をI100、{110}面のピーク強度の最大値をI110としたとき、I111/I100比が2.0以上であり、かつI111/110比が1.2以上である、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の還元触媒体。 - 前記突起部は、金、銀、銅、白金、ニッケル、亜鉛、パラジウム、及び炭素から選ばれる少なくとも1つの触媒材料を含む、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の還元触媒体。
- 前記金属層は多孔質金属層である、請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の還元触媒体。
- 請求項1に記載の二酸化炭素の還元触媒体の製造方法であって、
前記金属層を構成する金属と塩又は錯体を形成可能なカウンターアニオンを含む化合物を含有する電解液に、前記金属を含む金属基材を浸漬する工程と、
前記電解液に浸漬された前記金属基材に、前記金属が酸化可能な電位を印加する工程と、
前記電解液に浸漬され、前記酸化可能な電位が印加された後の前記金属基材に、前記金属が還元可能な電位を印加する工程と
を具備する還元触媒体の製造方法。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の還元触媒体と、
前記還元触媒体と電気的に接続された導電部材と
を具備する二酸化炭素の還元電極。 - 請求項9に記載の還元電極と、酸化電極とを備える反応セルと、
前記還元電極と前記酸化電極とに接続された電源と
を具備する二酸化炭素の還元反応装置。
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