JP2019050739A - Lettuce highly containing glutamine, cultivation method of the same and cultivation device of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a lettuce highly containing glutamine that improves taste, and a cultivation method of the lettuce highly containing glutamine and a cultivation device of the same capable of controlling glutamine content in a high accuracy.SOLUTION: A cultivation method of a lettuce highly containing glutamine comprises: a first light irradiation step S1 of irradiating a plurality of first lettuces with light following a plurality of first light volume conditions; a formulation step S2 of formulating a multiple regression formula by a multiple regression analysis using at least light volume per light as an explanatory variable, and measured value C1 of glutamine content for each of the first light volume conditions as an objective variable; an adoption step S3 of adopting the multiple regression formula in a case of 0.7≤R≤1 in which estimated value C2 of glutamine content for each of the first light volume conditions is estimated by using the multiple regression analysis, the estimated value C2 and the measured value C1 are compared to obtain coefficient of determination Rwith adjusted degree of freedom; and a selection step S4 of selecting the first light volume condition in which the measured value C1 is content amount reference value C or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to lettuce cultivated by irradiating artificial light, a cultivation method thereof and a cultivation apparatus thereof, and in particular, a glutamine-rich lettuce that makes it feel good by containing glutamine at a high concentration, and cultivation thereof. The present invention relates to a method and a cultivation apparatus thereof.

Conventionally, when cultivating lettuce by irradiating artificial light, a cultivation method and a cultivation apparatus have been developed as problems to be solved for an increase in growth rate and cost control.
As such a cultivation method and cultivation apparatus, for example, after sowing seeds of heading lettuce on a nursery bed, seedling raising method for raising seedlings by supplementing the nursery bed with a predetermined amount of artificial light for about 2 hours before sunrise And the apparatus is disclosed (patent document 1).
According to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 1, the short-time supplementary light has an advantageous effect that seedlings can grow faster and the number of shipping days can be shortened, and power consumption can be reduced.
However, in such an invention, improvement of economic efficiency is sought exclusively, and no particular consideration is given to nutritional components and tastes contained in the leaves. Therefore, although the growth rate of lettuce increases, the content of the nutrient component may be lower than the conventional lettuce cultivated in the open space, and the reduction in quality has been a problem. In addition, it has been difficult to respond to the demand for higher functionality of vegetables due to the recent increase in consumer health and the demand for improved taste.
In response to such problems, technologies relating to highly functional lettuce containing a high concentration of nutritional components by irradiating lettuce with artificial light and its cultivation method have been developed. It is disclosed.

First, Patent Document 2 discloses an invention relating to a method for cultivating sunny lettuce that suppresses the reduction of components in leaves of hydroponically cultivated sunny lettuce under the name “Sunny lettuce cultivation method and apparatus”.
The invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 is characterized in that the sunny lettuce under cultivation is irradiated with light containing a blue component having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nm at night to promote the synthesis of anthocyanins in the leaves.
According to the invention having such characteristics, the synthesis of anthocyanins, which are pigment components in the leaves, can be promoted, so that the leaves can be surely colored reddish brown. In addition, an increase in anthocyanin content can be expected to increase the antioxidant effect in the human body. Therefore, according to the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2, it is possible to improve the quality of sunny lettuce cultivated by hydroponics and increase the commercial value.

Next, Patent Document 3 discloses an invention relating to a method for cultivating leaf lettuce using one type of light-emitting diode as an artificial light source under the name of “Leaflet cultivation method and facility”.
The invention disclosed in Patent Document 3 is characterized in that a green light emitting diode is used as an artificial light source in a method of cultivating leaf lettuce in a cultivation facility equipped with an artificial light source.
According to the invention having such characteristics, since only the green light emitting diode is used as the artificial light source, the variation in the quality of leaf lettuce due to the variation in the light components does not occur. Moreover, it can be made into the form (the number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, etc.) which is equal to or better than leaf lettuce cultivated using a white fluorescent lamp, and it is easy to increase the total polyphenols in the leaves.

Next, Patent Document 4 describes a method for growing leafy vegetables, a continuous growth method for lettuce containing high-concentration folic acid and lettuce containing high-concentration folic acid obtained using the growth method, and a fully controlled vegetable factory. An invention relating to a growth method for growing high concentration folic acid-containing lettuce or the like is disclosed.
The invention disclosed in Patent Document 4 is a method for cultivating leafy vegetables using fully artificial light in a fully controlled vegetable factory, and as a light source of fully artificial light, RGB type LED illumination and far red light RGB-type LED lighting including the LED, and after sowing the vegetables, a growth period is provided in which the light using the RGB-type LED lighting is irradiated for 5 to 14 days, and then RGB containing far-red light It is characterized by providing a growing period in which light using a type LED illumination is irradiated for 7 to 23 days.
In the invention having such a feature, it is possible to harvest leafy vegetables at an early stage by using together the “growth period by RGB type LED illumination” and the “growth period by RGB type LED illumination including far red light”. It becomes. In particular, by providing a “growth period by RGB type LED illumination including far-red light”, in the case of lettuce, it can be expected that folic acid, which is effective for maintaining the health of the human body, is contained in the leaf in a high concentration. .

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-201368 JP 2003-204718 A JP 2012-55202 A JP 2015-112082 A

In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2, anthocyanins are considered to contribute to coloring and promoting health of the human body. However, the effect of improving the taste when eaten has not been clearly confirmed, and even if the taste is improved, it is said that the taste is slightly astringent.
Therefore, it can be said that the sunny lettuce containing anthocyanin at a high concentration does not sufficiently respond to “improvement of taste” which is a basic requirement of consumers.

Next, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3, the quality of leaf lettuce is made uniform to enable stable supply. Such issues focus on the managerial circumstances of the producer.
By the way, polyphenol generally refers to a bitter or astringent component, a pigment component or the like produced by plant photosynthesis. In the invention disclosed in Patent Document 3, chlorogenic acid and chicory acid are listed as specific components increased by irradiation with green light, but these are also bitter components. Therefore, in terms of taste, it may not always meet consumer demand.

Furthermore, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 4, it is possible to stably supply leafy vegetables containing folic acid in a high concentration. However, folic acid, like anthocyanins, is not a component that causes umami or sweetness to be felt when eaten. Therefore, even in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 4, the same inconvenience as the invention disclosed in Patent Document 2 may occur.
Moreover, in this invention, the growth period by RGB type LED illumination is 5 days-14 days, The growth period by RGB type LED illumination containing far red light is 7 days-23 days, The width is large. Therefore, the content of folic acid may vary greatly depending on the selection of the growth period. That is, since it is difficult to specify ideal cultivation conditions, the content of folic acid cannot be accurately controlled, and as a result, the quality of lettuce may not be uniformed.

  The present invention has been made in response to such a conventional situation, and is cultivated in an artificial light type plant factory, and contains a high concentration of glutamine, which is a component of umami and sweetness, so that it is tasted by consumers. In addition to satisfying the demand for improvement, lettuce with high glutamine content that can efficiently consume glutamine, a semi-essential amino acid, and the ideal cultivation conditions can be specified, so the glutamine content in the leaf can be accurately controlled. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating lettuce with a high glutamine content and a cultivation apparatus therefor.

In order to achieve the above object, the glutamine-rich lettuce according to the first invention is characterized in that the glutamine content reference value C is 500 mg / 100 g or more.
First, glutamine is a kind of semi-essential amino acid that can be synthesized in the human body, and is a component that makes sweetness and umami feel when eaten. Here, quasi-essential amino acids are different from essential amino acids that must be ingested from foods because they cannot be synthesized in the body, but can be synthesized in the body, but the synthesis amount is insufficient due to growth stage, living environment, stress, etc. It is an amino acid that is required to be additionally consumed from foods. Glutamine, one of these semi-essential amino acids, contributes to maintaining muscle mass by inhibiting proteolysis in the body, and is involved in energy metabolism and nitrogen metabolism while maintaining cell flexibility. It is thought to help prevent certain diseases and improve immune function. In addition, glutamine is contained in a large amount in foods such as meat, fish, eggs, wheat, and soybeans, but it is denatured when heated to about 40 degrees and cannot exhibit the above-described excellent effects. However, since it is usually difficult to consume a large amount of raw meat, fish, etc., a technique for increasing the concentration of glutamine contained in foods that can be consumed in an unheated state has been desired.
Therefore, lettuce was selected in the present application as a food that can be taken in an unheated state. In addition, lettuce in this application includes all lettuce such as romaine lettuce, stem lettuce, salad vegetables in addition to head lettuce and leaf lettuce.
Conventionally, in a plant factory, lettuce is often cultivated using a white fluorescent light as a light source, but the actual value of glutamine contained in conventional lettuce produced by such a cultivation method is, Usually, it is about 350-470 mg / 100g.

  In the glutamine-rich lettuce according to the invention of the above configuration, since the glutamine content reference value C is 500 mg / 100 g or more, the content of glutamine contained in conventional lettuce cultivated under a white fluorescent lamp Also contains glutamine in high concentrations. Thus, sweetness and umami can be made stronger than conventional lettuce when eaten.

Next, 2nd invention is the cultivation method which grows the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on 1st invention, Comprising: Multiple 1st light quantity conditions which consist of the combination of the light quantity for each of the multiple types of light from which a wavelength differs The first light irradiation step of irradiating the plurality of first lettuce with light according to a plurality of first light amount conditions, and the measured value C1 of the glutamine content for each first light amount condition Are measured, and at least the amount of light for each light is used as an explanatory variable, and a multiple regression equation is formulated by multiple regression analysis using the measured value C1 as an objective variable, and a formulated multiple regression equation is used. , first the content of each light conditions estimates C2 estimated respectively, obtains the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² compares the estimated value C2 and the measured values C1, 0.7 ≦ R ² ≦ 1 Adopt the multiple regression formula formulated if And use step, among the first light conditions, characterized in that it comprises a selection step of actually measured actual values C1 selects the first light conditions as the content of the reference value C or more.

In the invention having such a configuration, in the first light irradiation step, the first lettuce LE1 is irradiated with a light amount according to the first first light amount condition. The first light amount condition is a combination of light amounts for a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths. Therefore, the first first light amount condition is, for example, the light amount β11 of the light α1 having the wavelength λ1, the light amount β21 of the light α2 having the wavelength λ2, and the light amount β31 of the light α3 having the wavelength λ3 (λ1 ≠ λ2 ≠ λ3).
Further, the first lettuce LE2 is irradiated with a light amount according to the second first light amount condition. The second first light amount condition is that the light amount β12 of the light α1 having the wavelength λ1, the light amount β22 of the light α2 having the wavelength λ2, and the light amount β32 (β11 ≠ β12, β21 ≠ of the light α3 having the wavelength λ3. β22, β31 ≠ β32).
As described above, the light α1 to the light α3 are irradiated on the first lettuce LE1 to the first lettuce LEm (m is a natural number of 2 or more) according to the first to mth first light quantity conditions. . By this irradiation, glutamine is synthesized in the leaves of lettuce LE1 to lettuce LEm.

Next, in the formulation step, the contents of glutamine synthesized in the leaves of the first lettuce LE1 to the first lettuce LEm are measured to obtain a plurality of measured values C1.
Then, by multiple regression analysis using at least the light amount of the light α1, the light amount of the light α2, and the light amount of the light α3 as explanatory variables, and the measured values C1 in the first lettuce LE1 to the first lettuce LEm as objective variables. Formulate a multiple regression equation. The explanatory variables may include variables other than the respective light amounts of the light α1 to the light α3.

Further, in the adopting step, the estimated value C2 of the glutamine content reference value C for each of the first to m-th first light quantity conditions is estimated using the formulated multiple regression equation. Then, a plurality of estimation value C2 which is estimated, by comparing the measured plurality of measured values C1 was obtained freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ^2. Freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² obtained, if certain level of value, the amount of at least a light α1 to light α3 is well apply the content of glutamine in the first lettuce LE1 to first lettuce LEm Since it can be said that it can be explained, a formulated multiple regression equation can be adopted.

  Finally, in the selection step, the first light quantity condition for cultivating the glutamine-rich lettuce according to the first invention by selecting the first light quantity condition where the actual measurement value C1 is equal to or greater than the content reference value C. Is required.

Subsequently, according to a third aspect, in the second aspect, the formulation step uses the actual measurement value P1 of the physical quantity related to the actual measurement value C1 as an objective variable instead of using the actual measurement value C1 as an objective variable. Instead of comparing the estimated value C2 and the actually measured value C1, the estimated value P2 of the physical quantity related to the estimated value C2 is compared with the actually measured value P1, and the selection step is performed instead of the actually measured value C1 and the content reference value C. A physical quantity P related to the actual measurement value P1 and the content reference value C is used, respectively.
In the invention having such a configuration, the content of glutamine contained in the conventional lettuce cultivated according to the light quantity condition of white light using, for example, a white fluorescent light as the physical value P1 of the physical quantity related to the actual measurement C1 A value obtained by dividing the actual measurement value C1 by C0, that is, a value obtained by normalizing the actual measurement value C1 by the content C0 can be used.

In the adopting process, for example, a value obtained by normalizing the estimated value C2 with the content C0 can be used as the estimated value P2 of the physical quantity related to the estimated value C2.
Furthermore, also in the selection step, as the physical quantity P related to the content standard value C, for example, a value obtained by standardizing the content standard value C with the content C0 can be used. Therefore, in the selection process in this case, the first light quantity condition is selected so that the actual measurement value P1 is equal to or greater than the physical quantity P.
Thereby, according to 3rd invention, the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on 1st invention is produced similarly to the effect of 2nd invention.
According to the third invention, in the selection step, when the content standard value C is a value normalized by the content C0 as the physical quantity P, the glutamine-rich lettuce content according to the first invention is used. Since the ratio between the reference value C and the content C0 of the conventional lettuce can be intuitively grasped, a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field of lettuce cultivation (hereinafter referred to as a person skilled in the art) relates to the second invention. The cultivation method of lettuce with a high glutamine content can be more easily implemented. The actual measurement value P1, the estimated value P2, and the physical quantity P may all be standardized with values other than the conventional lettuce content C0, or may be standardized with different types of values.

Furthermore, the fourth invention is the target value determined using the target value determining step for determining the target value C3 and the adopted multiple regression equation in place of the selection step in the second or third invention. A determination step of determining a second light amount condition comprising a combination of light amounts for each light that realizes C3, and a second light irradiation step of irradiating light according to the second light amount condition determined for the second lettuce It is characterized by providing.
In the invention having such a configuration, a desired target value C3 is determined in the determination step. Note that either the glutamine content reference value C or the physical quantity P related to the content reference value C is appropriately selected as the target value C3.
Next, in the case of the above-described example, the second light quantity condition including a combination of the light quantity of the light α1, the light quantity of the light α2, and the light quantity of the light α3 is determined using the multiple regression equation adopted in the adoption process.
Finally, in the second light irradiation step, the light α1, α2, α3 according to the determined second light amount condition is irradiated to the second lettuce. Thereby, the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on 1st invention which has content of desired glutamine can be produced.

Furthermore, the fifth invention is the invention according to any one of the second to fourth inventions, wherein the plurality of types of light include blue light having a wavelength λ _B (400 nm ≦ λ _B <500 nm) and a wavelength λ _G (500 nm ≦ λ Green light having _G <600 nm), red light having wavelength λ _R (600 nm ≦ λ _R <700 nm), and far red light having wavelength λ _Fr (700 nm ≦ λ _Fr ≦ 800 nm), the explanatory variables being The amount of blue light, the amount of green light, the amount of red light, the amount of far-red light, and the amount of green light relative to the amount of red light.
In the invention with such a configuration, the amounts of light of blue light, green light, red light, and far red light are, for example, on the exit of the light source, on a position away from the exit by a certain distance, for example, on the surface where plants are grown. It is defined by the integrated value of photons at. For the integrated value, a relative value standardized with a characteristic value is used in addition to an absolute value.
In the invention having the above-described configuration, in addition to the operation of any one of the second to fourth inventions, the light having four different wavelengths is converted into the first lettuce and the light according to the first light quantity condition and the second light quantity condition. It is believed that irradiation of the second lettuce promotes glutamine synthesis in the leaves. As a result, the content of glutamine in the first lettuce and the second lettuce increases.

Subsequently, a sixth aspect of the present invention is a cultivation apparatus used in the method for cultivating high glutamine-containing lettuce according to any one of the second to fifth aspects of the invention, and a light source that emits a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths, A control unit that controls the amount of light emitted from the light source is provided.
In the cultivation apparatus which concerns on invention of such a structure, what combined multiple types of LED (light emitting diode) which can each irradiate the light from which a wavelength mutually differs is used as a light source, for example. The light emitted from these light sources is irradiated to the first lettuce and the second lettuce, respectively, in the first light irradiation step and the second light irradiation step, respectively. Further, as the control unit, for example, a controller in which a program for controlling the amount of light emitted from the light source is stored so as to be irradiated according to the first light amount condition and the second light amount condition is used.
In the invention with the above configuration, the control unit accurately controls the amount of light emitted from each of the plurality of types of light sources, so that the first light amount condition and the second light amount condition are accurately realized.

Conventionally, the management situation on the producer side has been emphasized exclusively, and the issue of improving the taste of lettuce has not been considered so much, but according to the first invention, sweetness and umami taste are reduced when eaten. Since it is possible to make it feel stronger than the conventional lettuce, it is possible to sufficiently respond to consumer demand for taste improvement. That is, it can be expected that the amount of lettuce purchased by a consumer or a restaurant company will be significantly increased by producing more delicious lettuce than before.
In addition, since glutamine has a disease prevention effect as described above, it can be expected to contribute to the maintenance of human health. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to meet both the demand for higher functionality of vegetables and the demand for improved taste, which have been difficult to achieve due to the increase in conventional polyphenols. Furthermore, according to the first invention, it is possible to efficiently ingest glutamine, which tends to be insufficient in the body.
In general, lettuce is often taken without heating, and in this case, there is no denaturation of glutamine due to heating as described above. Therefore, also in this point, the problem of increasing the content of glutamine contained in the food that can be ingested in an unheated state can be solved.

According to the second invention, the relationship between the content of glutamine synthesized by the first light irradiation step or the adoption step and the light quantity condition for each of a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths is obtained using a multiple regression equation. Can be described. Multiple regression equation, since the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² is adopted when it is 0.7 or more, high reliability of the multiple regression equation, the content of glutamine by the explanatory variables are amount of each light Can be explained at a high rate. Note that when the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² is less than 0.7, change the first light conditions, repeated first after light irradiation process step.
Further, the first light quantity condition selected in the selection step applies to a highly reliable multiple regression equation, and is selected when the actual measurement value C1 is equal to or greater than the content reference value C. From the above, it is possible to accurately specify a plurality of first light quantity conditions capable of cultivating a high glutamine-containing lettuce according to the first invention by the selection step.
Therefore, according to the second invention, the glutamine-rich lettuce according to the first invention having the desired glutamine content can be easily produced with good reproducibility.

  According to the third aspect, in addition to the effect of the second aspect, various physical quantities can be used as the objective variable instead of the actual measurement value C1, so that the versatility is high. And when the actual value P1 which is the ratio of the actual value C1 with respect to the glutamine content C0 contained in the conventional lettuce is used as the objective variable, for example, the first and second values for the glutamine content in the conventional lettuce It becomes easy to understand the content of glutamine in lettuce sensuously and it is easy to determine the physical quantity P. Therefore, even a person skilled in the art of lettuce cultivation who does not have a high level of knowledge can easily implement the third invention.

  According to the fourth invention, in addition to the effects of the second or third invention, by determining the second light quantity condition for the second lettuce, the glutamine-rich lettuce according to the first invention The content can be freely set to a desired value and realized.

  According to the fifth invention, in addition to the effects of any one of the second to fourth inventions, the first invention that could not be produced conventionally by combining blue light, green light, or the like. The glutamine-rich lettuce according to the above can be produced. In addition, by setting four explanatory variables, it is possible to accurately estimate the glutamine content reference value C using these explanatory variables.

  According to the sixth aspect, since the first light amount condition and the second light amount condition are accurately realized by the control unit, it is possible to produce a glutamine-rich lettuce with little variation in glutamine content. Moreover, since the cultivation apparatus of lettuce with a high glutamine content is composed of a simple combination of a light source and a control unit, it is easy to manufacture and can be easily introduced into a large-scale plant factory.

It is a block diagram of the cultivation apparatus of the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is process drawing of the cultivation method of the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on Example 2. FIG. (A) And (b) is a graph which shows wavelength distribution of the multiple types of light from which a wavelength differs, respectively. It is a table | surface which shows several kinds of 1st light quantity conditions in a 1st light irradiation process. (A) is the result of comparing the estimated value C2 of the glutamine content of the first lettuce with the measured value C1 of the glutamine content of the first lettuce, and (b) is the estimated value of the first lettuce. This is a result of comparing the estimated value P2 of the physical quantity related to C2 with the actual measured value P1 of the physical quantity related to the actual measured value C1. It is a graph which shows content of glutamine in the selected 1st light quantity condition, and content of glutamine of the conventional lettuce. It is process drawing of the cultivation method of the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on Example 3. FIG.

The cultivation apparatus of the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a cultivation apparatus for lettuce with a high glutamine content according to Example 1. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a glutamine-rich lettuce cultivation apparatus (hereinafter referred to as a cultivation apparatus) 1 according to Example 1 is used in a glutamine-rich lettuce cultivation method according to Examples 2 and 3 to be described later. It is a cultivation apparatus, Comprising: The light source 2 which each radiate | emits the multiple types of light from which a wavelength differs, and the control part 3 which controls the light quantity for every light which this light source 2 radiate | emits are provided.
Each light source 2 emits a LED element 2B that emits blue light _{L B} having a wavelength _{λ B (400nm ≦ λ B <} 500nm), the green light _{L G} having the wavelength lambda _G a (500nm ≦ λ _G <600nm) LED element 2G that emits, LED element 2R that emits red light L _R having a wavelength λ _R (600 nm ≦ λ _R <700 nm), and far red light L _Fr that has a wavelength λ _Fr (700 nm ≦ λ _Fr ≦ 800 nm) The LED element 2Fr that emits light is combined.

The control unit 3 receives a program for controlling the drive timing and the magnitude of the drive current of the LED elements 2B, 2G, 2R, and 2Fr by a communication control command from the outside, and the blue light emitted from the light source 2 by this program A controller that can control the amount of light for each of L _B , green light L _G , red light _LR, and far red light L _Fr, and is connected to a plurality of light sources 2 via wiring 4.
Further, the control unit 3 can control all of the plurality of light sources 2 at the same time or independently. The amount of light for each light is expressed with reference to the photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD (μmol / m ² / sec) at a constant distance from the light source 2.

According to the culture apparatus 1, by cooperation of a program and the control unit 3, within the time set, the blue light L _B of the light source 2 is _emitted, the green light L _G, the red light L _R and the far-red light L _Fr Per The amount of light can be freely controlled. Therefore, for example, at least one type of light selected from the blue light L _B , the green light L _G , the red light _LR, and the far red light L _Fr is adjusted to the lettuce to be irradiated, respectively. Irradiation is possible. Specifically, it is possible to irradiate the first and second lettuce with light in accordance with first and second light amount conditions described later, respectively.

The cultivation method of the high glutamine content lettuce which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIG. 2 thru | or FIG. FIG. 2 is a process diagram of a cultivation method for lettuce with a high glutamine content according to Example 2.
As shown in FIG. 2, the cultivation method (henceforth cultivation method) 10 of the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on Example 2 is one method of the liquid hydroponics cultivation in an artificial light type | mold plant factory.
The cultivation method 10 is a cultivation method for cultivating a lettuce with a high glutamine content, and includes a first light irradiation step in step S1, a formulation step in step S2, an adoption step in step S3, and a selection step in step S4. Is provided.
Here, the glutamine-rich lettuce refers to lettuce having a glutamine content reference value C of 500 (mg / 100 g) or more.

In the first light irradiation step of step S1, the first light quantity condition composed of a combination of light quantities of a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths is changed in nine ways, and each of the plurality of first lettuce has nine ways. The light according to the first light quantity conditions FL, L1 to L8 is irradiated.
The light emitted in this step, the white light L _W white fluorescent lamp emitting blue light L _B light source 2 (Fig. 1) is _emitted, the green light L _G, the red light L _R and far-red light L _Fr.
The plurality of first lettuce are all the same type of frill lettuce.

Next, a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are graphs showing wavelength distributions of a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths.
3A and 3B, the horizontal axis is the wavelength of light (nm), the vertical axis is the relative photon flux density, and each light L _W , for each of the first light quantity conditions FL, L1 to L8. It is a plot of relative photon flux densities of L _B , L _R , and L _Fr. The relative photon flux density is obtained by actually measuring the photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD of each light L _W , L _B , L _R , and L _Fr , and obtaining the maximum value of the actually measured values (wavelength 450 nm of the first light quantity condition L2). (Actually measured values corresponding to), and these measured values are respectively divided.

As shown in FIG. 3 (a) and 3 (b), in the first light conditions FL, white light L _W white fluorescent lamp is emitted, and the blue light component, a green light component, and a red light component It can be seen that a far red light component is contained. It can also be seen that the first light quantity conditions FL, L1 to L8 have characteristic peaks in the respective regions of wavelengths λ _B , λ _G , λ _R , and λ _Fr.

Next, the first light quantity condition will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a table showing a plurality of first light quantity conditions in the first light irradiation step.
FIG. 4 shows the first light quantity conditions FL, L1 to L8 changed in nine ways. Of these, the first light conditions FL is white fluorescent lamp is white light L _W emitted, the first light conditions L1 to L8 are blue light L _B light source 2 (see FIG. 1) is _emitted, red The light L _R , the red light _LR, and the far red light _LFr are combined by changing the amount of light.
Note that the cultivation conditions other than the first light quantity conditions FL and L1 to L8 were all the same. Specifically, the cultivation conditions are: room temperature 20 ± 2 ° C., relative humidity 55-70%, carbon dioxide concentration 1200 ppm, nutrient solution concentration EC (electrical conductivity) 2.0 ± 0.2 dS / m, nutrient solution The pH is 5.5 to 6.5.

As shown in FIG. 4, in all of the first light conditions FL, L1 to L8, the amount B of the blue light L _B, is an integrated value of the relative photon flux density with respect to the wavelength lambda _B. Similarly, amount G of the green light L _G is the integrated value of the relative photon flux density with respect to the wavelength lambda _G, the light amount R for the red light L _R is the integrated value of the relative photon flux density with respect to the wavelength lambda _R, the far The light amount Fr of the red light L _Fr is an integrated value of the relative photon flux density with respect to the wavelength λ _Fr.
Furthermore, G / R is the ratio of the amount G of the green light _{L G} for light amount R of the red light _{L R.} Further, the driving current of the light source 2 and the like so that the relative total light amount H obtained by adding all the light amounts B, G, R, and Fr becomes substantially constant 26.0 in all of the first light amount conditions FL and L1 to L8. Is controlled by the control unit 3.
In addition, when the relative total light quantity H = 26.0 is expressed by the photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD, it is 220 (μmol / m ² / sec).

Then, the formulation process of step S2 is demonstrated. Formulation process of step S2, after the first light conditions FL, L1 or measured value C1 of the content of glutamine contained in the first lettuce per L8 was measured respectively, the blue light L _B, the green light L _G The multiple regression equation is formulated by multiple regression analysis using the light amounts B, G, R, and F and the ratio G / R for each of the red light _LR and the far red light _LFr as explanatory variables and the actual measurement value C1 as an objective variable. .
The actual measured value C1 (mg / 100 g) of the content of glutamine contained in the first lettuce is as shown in FIG. Further, the glutamine ratio actual measurement value P1 adjacent to the right side of the actual measurement value C1 is the actual measurement value C1 of the first light quantity condition FL, L1 to L8, and 349 (mg / 100 g, which is the actual measurement value C1 of the first light quantity condition FL. The relative value divided by).
Formulated by multiple regression analysis with light quantity B, G, R, F and ratio G / R as explanatory variables, and actual measured value C1 of glutamine content in the first light quantity conditions FL, L1 to L8 as objective variables. The multiple regression equation (1) is as follows.

Further, the adopting step of step S3 estimates the estimated value C2 of the glutamine content for each of the first light quantity conditions FL and L1 to L8 using the formulated multiple regression equation (1), and this estimation calculated value C2 and the measured value C1 by comparing the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ^2, employs multiple regression equation was formulated in the case of 0.7 ≦ R ² ≦ 1 (1).

Here, the relationship of the actual measurement value C1 to the estimated value C2 is shown using FIG. FIG. 5A is a result of comparing the estimated value C2 of the glutamine content of the first lettuce with the actually measured value C1 of the glutamine content of the first lettuce.
The estimated value C2 is obtained by substituting the light quantities B, G, R, and F and the ratio G / R (see FIG. 4) for the first light quantity condition FL, L1 to L8, respectively, into the multiple regression equation (1). Content (mg / 100 g).
As shown in FIG. 5A, as a result of the comparison, a determination coefficient R ² = 0.701 having been adjusted for the degree of freedom is obtained, and since it is 0.7 or more, it is formulated in the formulation step of step S2. The multiple regression equation (1) can be sufficiently adopted. Note that when the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² is less than 0.7, the first light conditions L1 to L8 changed, repeating the first after light irradiation process step in step S1.

  Finally, in the selection process of step S4, the first light quantity condition that the actually measured value C1 is equal to or greater than the lower limit value of the content reference value C is selected from the first light quantity conditions L1 to L8. In addition to this, a first light quantity condition in which the actual measurement value C1 is not less than an arbitrary value of the content reference value C may be selected. According to FIG. 4, only the measured value C1 = 595 (mg / 100 g) of the first light quantity condition L4 is equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the content reference value C = 500 (mg / 100 g). The light quantity condition L4 is selected. Therefore, the glutamine-rich lettuce according to the first embodiment becomes the first lettuce irradiated with the blue light LB, the green light LG, the red light LR, and the far red light LFr according to the first light quantity condition L4.

Here, the graph which compared content of the 1st glutamine in 1st light quantity condition L4 and the content of glutamine of the conventional lettuce using FIG. 6 is shown. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the glutamine content and the conventional lettuce glutamine content under the selected first light quantity condition.
As shown in FIG. 5, the measured value C1 = 595 (mg / 100 g) of the glutamine content under the first light quantity condition L4 is approximately 1.7 times as large as the content C0 = 349 (mg / 100 g). It has become. In addition, as reference data, in conventional lettuce cultivated under artificial light by other companies 1 and 2, the content of other company 1 = 422 (mg / 100g), the content of other company 2 = 465 (mg / 100g) However, in all cases, the actual measurement value C1 in the first light quantity condition L4 exceeds these values.
Thus, according to the cultivation method 10, it became a result which shows the remarkable advantage compared with the conventional lettuce in the point of increasing content of glutamine.

As explained above, according to the cultivation method 10, it is possible to specify the 1st light quantity condition which can grow the glutamine high content lettuce which concerns on Example 1 with sufficient precision. By using the specified first light quantity condition, a glutamine-rich lettuce having a desired glutamine content can be easily produced with good reproducibility. This first light quantity condition can be specified by multiple regression analysis with the light quantity B, G, R, F and the ratio G / R as explanatory variables and the actual measured value C1 of glutamine content as the objective variable. The cultivation method 10 can be said to be a very useful method for those skilled in the art of lettuce cultivation.
In addition, since the first lettuce cultivated by the cultivation method 10 contains glutamine in a high concentration, the first lettuce surely responds to a request for improving the taste, which has not been considered much in the past. A very high merit can be obtained. In addition, other studies have confirmed that glutamine has no side effects on the human body, and since glutamine is a substance produced in the human body in the first place, to worry about the harmful effects of taking a lot of glutamine It will not reach.

Then, the cultivation method 10a which concerns on the modification of Example 2 is demonstrated.
In the cultivation method 10a which concerns on the modification of Example 2, the formulation process of step S2 is related to the actual measurement value C1, instead of using the actual measurement value C1 of the glutamine content of the first lettuce as the objective variable. The actual value P1 of the physical quantity is used as an objective variable, and the adopting process of step S3 does not compare the estimated value C2 estimated using the multiple regression equation (1) and the actual value C1, but instead of the physical quantity related to the estimated value C2. The estimated value P2 is compared with the actual measurement value P1, and the physical quantity P related to the actual measurement value P1 and the content reference value C is used instead of the actual measurement value C1 and the content reference value C in the selection step of step S4. . Other configurations in the cultivation method 10a are the same as those in the cultivation method 1 according to the second embodiment.
The actual measurement value P1 of the physical quantity related to the actual measurement value C1 is a relative value obtained by dividing the actual measurement value C1 by the conventional lettuce glutamine content C0 (mg / 100 g). Similarly, the estimated value P2 of the physical quantity related to the estimated value C2 is a relative value obtained by dividing the estimated value C2 by the content C0, and the physical quantity P related to the content standard value C is the lower limit of the content standard value C. It is a relative value obtained by dividing the value by the content C0. More specifically, the content C0 is an actually measured value C1 = 349 (mg / 100 g) in the first light quantity condition FL, and a lower limit value of the content reference value C = 500 (mg / 100 g). In addition, the physical quantity P may be a relative value obtained by dividing an arbitrary value of the content reference value C by the content C0.

  In the cultivation method 10a having such a configuration, in the formulation step of step S2, the light amounts B, G, R, F and the ratio G / R are used as explanatory variables, and glutamine in the first light amount conditions FL, L1 to L8. The multiple regression equation (2) formulated by multiple regression analysis using the actual measured value P1 as the objective variable is as follows.

The adopting step of step S3 estimates the estimated value P2 of the glutamine content for each of the first light quantity conditions FL and L1 to L8 using the formulated multiple regression equation (2), and this estimated value P2 It was determined freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² by comparing the measured values P1 and.
FIG. 5B shows the result of comparison between the physical quantity estimated value P2 related to the first lettuce estimated value C2 and the physical quantity measured value P1 related to the actual measured value C1.
As shown in FIG. 5B, as a result of the comparison, the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination R ² = 0.964 was obtained. Therefore, the multiple regression equation (2) formulated in the formulation step of step S2 It was also confirmed that it can be adopted sufficiently. Therefore, in the selection step of step S4, the first light amount condition L4 is selected such that the actually measured value P1 is the content P = 500 (mg / 100 g) / 349 (mg / 100 g) = 1.43 or more. Can do. The effect | action of the cultivation method 10a which concerns on the modification of an Example other than this is the same as the effect | action of the cultivation method 10 which concerns on an Example.

  As explained above, the multiple regression equation (2) with high reliability can also be formulated and the first light quantity condition L4 can be selected by the cultivation method 10a according to the modification of the second embodiment. In this case, it becomes easier to sensuously understand the contents of the first and second lettuce glutamine relative to the conventional lettuce glutamine content, and when the physical quantity P is changed and set, the physical quantity P is also determined. easy. Therefore, since the cultivation method 10a can be easily carried out even by a person skilled in the art of lettuce cultivation not having advanced knowledge as well as having advanced knowledge, Production of lettuce with high glutamine content can be expected. The effect of the cultivation method 10a which concerns on the modification of an Example other than this is the same as the effect of the cultivation method 10 which concerns on an Example.

The cultivation method of the high glutamine content lettuce which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIG. FIG. 7 is a process diagram of a cultivation method for lettuce with a high glutamine content according to Example 3.
As shown in FIG. 7, the cultivation method 11 according to Example 3 uses the target value of Step S5 to determine the target value C3 of the glutamine content instead of the selection step of Step S4 in the cultivation method 10 of Example 2. A determining step, a determining step in step S6 for determining a second light amount condition comprising a combination of light amounts for each light that realizes the determined target value C3, using the adopted multiple regression equation; and a second lettuce A second light irradiation step of step S7 for irradiating light in accordance with the second light quantity condition determined for. The structure of the cultivation method 11 which concerns on Example 3 other than this is the same as that of the cultivation method 10 which concerns on Example 2. FIG.

In the target value determining step of step S5, the content of glutamine in the second lettuce is equal to or greater than the content reference value C = 500 (mg / 100 g), or the physical amount P related to the content reference value C of the second lettuce. The target value C3 is determined such that 500 (mg / 100 g) / 349 (mg / 100 g) = 1.43 or more.
In the determination step of step S6, a second regression consisting of a combination of light amounts for each light realizing the target value C3 using the multiple regression equation (1) in the former case or the multiple regression equation (2) in the latter case. Determine the light condition. Note that such a second light quantity condition is determined with reference to the first light quantity condition and the actual measurement value C1 or the first light quantity condition and the physical quantity P1 so that the target value C3 can be realized.

  Finally, in the second light irradiating step of step S7, the light according to the second light amount condition determined for the second lettuce is irradiated. As a result, the second lettuce is produced as a glutamine-rich lettuce. The other operations of the cultivation method 11 according to the third embodiment are the same as the operations of the cultivation method 10 according to the second embodiment.

  As explained above, according to the cultivation method 11 which concerns on Example 3, by determining the 2nd light quantity condition with respect to a 2nd lettuce, content of glutamine of a glutamine high content lettuce can be freely made into a desired value. And can be realized. Since the second light quantity condition can be easily determined with reference to the first light quantity condition and the actual measurement value C1, there is no particular difficulty in determining the second light quantity condition. The other effects of the cultivation method 11 according to Example 3 are the same as the effects of the cultivation method 10 according to Example 2.

In addition, the cultivation apparatus 1 which concerns on this invention, and the cultivation methods 10, 10a, and 11 are not limited to what is shown to a present Example. For example, in the cultivation apparatus 1, a control unit separate from the control unit 3 may be provided in the light source 2 itself, and a wireless communication unit may be used instead of the wiring 4. In this case, the light source 2 is controlled by the control unit 3 by the control unit of the light source 2 receiving a wireless signal from the control unit 3 via the wireless communication unit.
The cultivation method 10, 10a, in 11, when the degree of freedom adjusted coefficient of determination ^{R 2} is 0.7 or less, the first light irradiation step in step S1 may be repeated.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a glutamine-rich lettuce that gives a good taste, a cultivation method thereof, and a cultivation apparatus thereof.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cultivation apparatus 2 ... Light source 2B, 2G, 2R, 2Fr ... LED element 3 ... Control part 4 ... Wiring 10, 10a, 11 ... Cultivation method

Next, a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are graphs showing wavelength distributions of a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths.
3A and 3B, the horizontal axis is the wavelength of light (nm), the vertical axis is the relative photon flux density, and each light L _W , for each of the first light quantity conditions FL, L1 to L8. It is a plot of relative photon flux densities of L _B , L _G , L _R , and L _Fr. And the relative photon flux density, the light _{L W, L B, L G} , L R, and measuring the photosynthetic photon flux density PPFD of _{L Fr,} the maximum value of the obtained measured values (the first light conditions L2 , Measured values corresponding to a wavelength of 450 nm), and these measured values are respectively divided.

Claims (6)

  A glutamine-rich lettuce, wherein the glutamine content reference value C is 500 mg / 100 g or more. A cultivation method for cultivating a high content of glutamine lettuce according to claim 1,
A plurality of first light amount conditions composed of combinations of light amounts for a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths are changed in a plurality of ways, and a plurality of first lettuce is irradiated with the light according to the plurality of first light amount conditions, respectively. A first light irradiation step to perform,
After actually measuring the measured value C1 of the glutamine content for each of the first light quantity conditions, multiple regression is performed by multiple regression analysis using at least the light quantity for each light as an explanatory variable and the measured value C1 as an objective variable. A formulation step for formulating the formula;
Using the formulated multiple regression equation, the estimated value C2 of the content for each of the first light quantity conditions is estimated, and the estimated value C2 and the measured value C1 are compared to determine the degree of freedom adjusted. A step of obtaining a coefficient R ² and adopting the multiple regression equation formulated when 0.7 ≦ R ² ≦ 1,
Cultivation of lettuce with high glutamine content, comprising a selection step of selecting the first light quantity condition in which the actually measured value C1 of the first light quantity condition is equal to or greater than the content reference value C. Method. In the formulation step, instead of using the actual measurement value C1 as the objective variable, an actual measurement value P1 of a physical quantity related to the actual measurement value C1 is used as the objective variable.
In the adopting step, instead of comparing the estimated value C2 and the actually measured value C1, the estimated value P2 of the physical quantity related to the estimated value C2 is compared with the actually measured value P1,
The physical quantity P related to the actual measurement value P1 and the content reference value C, respectively, is used in the selection step instead of the actual measurement value C1 and the content reference value C. The cultivation method of lettuce with high glutamine content as described. Instead of the selection step, a target value determination step for determining a target value C3;
A determination step of determining a second light amount condition comprising a combination of the light amounts for each of the lights that achieves the determined target value C3 using the adopted multiple regression equation;
The glutamine-rich lettuce according to claim 2 or 3, further comprising a second light irradiation step of irradiating the light according to the second light amount condition determined for the second lettuce. Cultivation method. The plurality of types of light include blue light having a wavelength λ _B (400 nm ≦ λ _B <500 nm), green light having a wavelength λ _G (500 nm ≦ λ _G <600 nm), and a wavelength λ _R (600 nm ≦ λ _R < 700 nm) and red light having a wavelength λ _Fr (700 nm ≦ λ _Fr ≦ 800 nm),
The explanatory variables are the amount of blue light, the amount of green light, the amount of red light, the amount of far red light, and the amount of green light relative to the amount of red light. The cultivation method of lettuce with high glutamine content according to any one of claims 2 to 4. A cultivation apparatus for use in the cultivation method of lettuce with a high glutamine content according to any one of claims 2 to 5,
A light source that emits a plurality of types of light having different wavelengths;
An apparatus for cultivating lettuce with a high glutamine content, comprising a control unit for controlling the amount of light emitted from the light source.

Images