JPH08103167A - Light source for cultivating plant - Google Patents
Light source for cultivating plantInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08103167A JPH08103167A JP27822094A JP27822094A JPH08103167A JP H08103167 A JPH08103167 A JP H08103167A JP 27822094 A JP27822094 A JP 27822094A JP 27822094 A JP27822094 A JP 27822094A JP H08103167 A JPH08103167 A JP H08103167A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- emitting diode
- light emitting
- blue
- red
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Led Devices (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は青色発光ダイオードと赤
色を発光ダイオードを用いた植物栽培用光源に関するも
ので、本発明による光源は、（１）電力消費量少くかつ
効率がよい、（２）発熱がほとんどない、（３）コンパ
クトである、などの特長を有しており、農業（園芸）や
バイオテクノジー、植物生理学実験における野菜、花
卉、樹木などの植物栽培用人工光源として利用できる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light source for plant cultivation using a blue light emitting diode and a red light emitting diode. The light source according to the present invention is (1) low in power consumption and efficient. ) It has features such as almost no heat generation and (3) compactness, and can be used as an artificial light source for plant cultivation such as vegetables (flowers, trees) in agriculture (horticulture) and biotechnology, plant physiology experiments.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来の植物栽培用人工光放射源には、大
別して（１）電熱灯（タングステン・フィラメント通
電）タイプ、（２）放電ランプタイプ、および、（３）
蛍光灯タイプの３つのタイプがある。例えば（１）には
白熱電球やハロゲン電球、（２）にはメタルハライドラ
ンプ、高圧ナトリウムランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、（３）
には野菜栽培用蛍光ランプなどがある。このようなラン
プは、その放射光のスペクトルが太陽光のそれになるべ
く近くなるように、あるいは、植物の生育に必要な光成
分を多く含むように工夫されている。2. Description of the Related Art The conventional artificial light radiation sources for plant cultivation are roughly classified into (1) electric heating lamp (tungsten / filament energization) type, (2) discharge lamp type, and (3).
There are three types of fluorescent lamp type. For example, incandescent lamp or halogen lamp in (1), metal halide lamp, high pressure sodium lamp, high pressure mercury lamp in (2), (3)
There are fluorescent lamps for vegetable cultivation. Such a lamp is designed so that the spectrum of its radiated light is as close as possible to that of sunlight, or that it contains many light components necessary for plant growth.
【０００３】これらの従来型の栽培用人工光源には、
（１）の電熱灯場合、電力効率が悪く寿命が短い、
（２）の場合、調光が困難、価格が高い、（３）の場
合、光の制御が困難、といった難点がある。さらに
（１）の電熱灯や（２）放電ランプは熱放射が大きいた
め植物を光源に近接できない、またランプ発熱のため空
調においてしばしば冷房を要する、といった問題もあ
る。（１）、（２）、（３）のいずれのランプも植物の
生育に不必要な光スペクトル成分まで放射するので、放
射光の質に関して言えば効率は必ずしもよいとはいえな
い。また、いずれのランプも形状の小型化には限度があ
り、コンパクトな栽培空間を作ることは難しい。In these conventional artificial light sources for cultivation,
In the case of the electric heating lamp of (1), the power efficiency is poor and the life is short,
In the case of (2), there are drawbacks such as dimming being difficult and expensive, and in the case of (3), light control being difficult. Further, the electric heating lamp of (1) and the discharge lamp of (2) have a large amount of heat radiation, so that plants cannot be brought close to the light source, and the heating of the lamp often requires cooling in air conditioning. Since the lamps of (1), (2) and (3) emit light spectrum components unnecessary for plant growth, efficiency is not necessarily good in terms of quality of emitted light. Moreover, there is a limit to the size reduction of any lamp, and it is difficult to make a compact cultivation space.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は（１）植物が
生育するのに必要な光波長のみを放射し、（２）消費電
力が小さくかつ電力／光変換効率の良い、（３）ランプ
寿命が長く、さらに（４）コンパクトな栽培空間が作れ
る栽培用人工光源の提供を目的とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention (1) emits only light wavelengths necessary for plants to grow, (2) has low power consumption and good power / light conversion efficiency, and (3) lamps. It is an object of the present invention to provide an artificial light source for cultivation, which has a long life and (4) can create a compact cultivation space.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】植物は、水、窒素、リン
酸、カリウム、マグネシウム、硫黄などの無機物の存在
下で、空気中の二酸化炭素を炭素源とし、光をエネルギ
ー源とする光合成反応を利用して植物体を構成する有機
物を合成し、生活・増殖することができる。この光合成
反応をになうのが葉に含まれる葉緑素（クロロフィル）
である。このため葉緑素は光を吸収するが、あらゆる波
長の光を吸収するわけではない。葉緑素の光吸収波長域
は４００ｎｍから７００ｎｍのちょうど人間の可視光域
にあり、そのピークは図１のように、赤色領域の６６０
ｎｍ近傍と青色領域の４５０ｎｍ付近の２か所にある。
また、光合成に作用する光波長の二つのピークも葉緑素
の光吸収ピークのそれとほぼ一致する（図１）。したが
って、この二つの光波長を放射する光源があれば植物は
生育可能であると考えられる。ところで６６０ｎｍの赤
色光は、現在最も高輝度化が進んでいるＧａＡｌＡｓ
（ガリウム アルミニウム・ひ素）半導体系赤色発光ダ
イオードの放射光のピーク波長である。一方、青色発光
ダイオードは、従来高輝度化が技術的に難しく、１９９
３年秋頃までに発表された最高輝度のものでも２０ｍｃ
ｄ（ミリカンデラ）と同時期の赤色発光ダイオードの光
度（明るさ）の１／１００以下であり、植物栽培のため
の光源として利用するのは不可能であった。ところが、
１９９３年１２月に日亜化学株式会社（徳島県阿南市）
が突如、光度１ｃｄ（カンデラ）のＧａＮ（ガリウム・
窒素）半導体系青色超高輝度発光ダイオードの開発と翌
年春からの生産を発表し、国内外の光半導体研究者、技
術者に衝撃を与えた。本研究の発明者は、この青色超高
輝度発光ダイオードの発光のピークが４５０ｎｍにある
事実（図１右）に注目、直ちにこの青色超高輝度発光ダ
イオードと６６０ｎｍ赤色超高輝度発光ダイオードを多
数個購入し一つの基板上に交互に均等配列することによ
り、葉緑素の活動に必要な上記２つの光をともに十分な
強度で放射する本発明の光源を考案・製作した。[Means for Solving the Problems] A plant is a photosynthetic reaction using carbon dioxide in the air as a carbon source and light as an energy source in the presence of inorganic substances such as water, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, magnesium and sulfur. It is possible to synthesize and use organic substances that make up plants to live and proliferate. It is the chlorophyll contained in the leaves that is responsible for this photosynthetic reaction.
Is. Therefore, chlorophyll absorbs light, but not all wavelengths of light. The light absorption wavelength range of chlorophyll is in the human visible light range of 400 nm to 700 nm, and its peak is 660 in the red range as shown in FIG.
There are two locations, near nm and around 450 nm in the blue region.
In addition, the two peaks of the light wavelength that act on photosynthesis almost coincide with those of the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (Fig. 1). Therefore, it is considered that plants can grow if there is a light source that emits these two light wavelengths. By the way, 660 nm red light is GaAlAs, which has the highest brightness at present.
(Gallium aluminum / arsenic) This is the peak wavelength of the emitted light from the semiconductor red light emitting diode. On the other hand, it is technically difficult to increase the brightness of blue light emitting diodes in the past.
20 mc even with the highest brightness announced by autumn of 3rd year
The luminous intensity (brightness) of the red light emitting diode at the same time as d (millicandela) was 1/100 or less, and it was impossible to use it as a light source for plant cultivation. However,
Nichia Corporation (Anan City, Tokushima Prefecture) in December 1993
Suddenly, GaN (gallium
Nitrogen) announced the development of a semiconductor blue ultra-bright light emitting diode and production from the spring of the following year, and shocked optical semiconductor researchers and engineers at home and abroad. The inventor of this research noticed the fact that the emission peak of this blue ultra-bright light emitting diode is at 450 nm (Fig. 1, right) and immediately found that this blue ultra-bright light emitting diode and 660 nm red ultra-bright light emitting diode By purchasing and evenly arranging them on one substrate alternately, a light source of the present invention that emits both of the above two lights necessary for chlorophyll activity with sufficient intensity was devised and manufactured.
【０００６】さらに、植物（たとえば野菜）のなかのあ
るものは、人工光源照明栽培において間欠照明（ランプ
を点滅させたり有穴遮蔽板をモーターで回転することに
より間欠光を照射すること）を行うことにより光合成を
増長させることができ、これを利用して促成栽培を行っ
たり、電力消費量を低減させることが可能である。しか
し、従来の白熱灯タイプや蛍光灯タイプの光源の場合、
点滅方式による高速間欠照明は原理的に不可能であり、
放電ランプ型光源の場合、ある程度の速度の間欠照明は
可能ではあるが、特殊な駆動回路が必要であり高速点滅
はさほど容易ではない。一方、有穴遮蔽板を回転させる
間欠照明方式は、一個のランプについては有効である
が、ランプが多数ある場合には、事実上その適用は困難
である。本発明における光源は、発光ダイオードという
半導体素子を用いているので、原理上、数メガヘルツ
（ＭＨｚ）以上もの高い周波数で点滅駆動が可能であ
り、簡単な電気回路できわめて高速な間欠光を植物に与
えることができる。Further, some plants (eg vegetables) are subjected to intermittent illumination (irradiating intermittent light by blinking a lamp or rotating a perforated shielding plate with a motor) in artificial light source lighting cultivation. As a result, photosynthesis can be enhanced, and by utilizing this, forcible cultivation can be performed and power consumption can be reduced. However, in the case of the conventional incandescent lamp type or fluorescent lamp type light source,
In principle, high-speed intermittent lighting using the flashing method is impossible,
In the case of a discharge lamp type light source, intermittent lighting at a certain speed is possible, but a special drive circuit is required and high-speed blinking is not so easy. On the other hand, the intermittent illumination method in which the perforated shielding plate is rotated is effective for one lamp, but it is practically difficult to apply it when there are many lamps. Since the light source in the present invention uses a semiconductor element called a light emitting diode, in principle, it is possible to perform blinking drive at a high frequency of several megahertz (MHz) or more, and an extremely high-speed intermittent light can be applied to a plant with a simple electric circuit. Can be given.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】この光源は、回路接続において青色発光ダイオ
ードと赤色発光ダイオードのそれぞれのグループ（青グ
ループ、赤グループ）を別の電源で点灯・駆動すること
により、青色発光ダイオードと赤色発光ダイオードの各
１個あたりの駆動電流の大きさを調整・変化することが
でき、これにより光源の全体的な光強度、および青色光
と赤色光の強度比率を調整・変化することができる。植
物はその種類により、葉緑素の短波長（青色）側の光吸
収ピークと長波長（赤色）側の光吸収ピークの強度比
（図１における２つの吸収ピークの高さの比）には違い
があると考えられるので、このように駆動電源において
青色光と赤色光の強度比率を変えられるような電気回路
構成にすれば、いろいろな種類の植物および葉緑素の働
きにより光合成を行うその他の様々な生物（海藻や淡水
藻、光合成細菌など）を栽培、生育、培養することが可
能な光源装置としうる。In this light source, each group of the blue light emitting diode and the red light emitting diode (blue group, red group) is turned on and driven by another power source in the circuit connection, so that each of the blue light emitting diode and the red light emitting diode The magnitude of the driving current per piece can be adjusted / changed, and thus the overall light intensity of the light source and the intensity ratio of blue light and red light can be adjusted / changed. Depending on the type of plant, there is a difference in the intensity ratio of the light absorption peak on the short wavelength (blue) side and the light absorption peak on the long wavelength (red) side of chlorophyll (the ratio of the heights of the two absorption peaks in Fig. 1). Therefore, if the electric circuit configuration is such that the intensity ratio of blue light and red light can be changed in the driving power supply, various kinds of plants and various other organisms that perform photosynthesis by the action of chlorophyll The light source device can cultivate, grow, and culture (seaweed, freshwater algae, photosynthetic bacteria, etc.).
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】図２は本発明の実施例であり、青色発光ダイ
オードと赤色発光ダイオードとを均等配置したパネル光
源を、育成床の天井に設置した植物育成槽である。EXAMPLE FIG. 2 shows an example of the present invention, which is a plant growing tank in which a panel light source in which blue light emitting diodes and red light emitting diodes are evenly arranged is installed on the ceiling of a growing floor.
【０００９】図３は発光ダイオード光源の駆動電源回路
である。青色発光ダイオードグループと赤色発光ダイオ
ードグループは回路的に独立しており、それぞれを別電
源で駆動することにより青色光と、赤色光の強度比を変
えることができる。FIG. 3 shows a driving power supply circuit for the light emitting diode light source. The blue light emitting diode group and the red light emitting diode group are independent from each other in terms of circuit, and the intensity ratio of blue light and red light can be changed by driving each of them with a separate power source.
【００１０】図４は本発明の発光ダイオード光源を用い
て間欠照明する場合の回路構成である。FIG. 4 shows a circuit configuration for intermittent illumination using the light emitting diode light source of the present invention.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の効果】前述したように、植物の生長にはある程
度以上のエネルギー強度をもった赤色光と青色光がとも
に必要である。本発明の装置を実際に用いたレタスの育
苗実験によれば、青色光と赤色光のいずれか一色のみの
定エネルギー照射においては、レタス苗は茎の部分のみ
が異常に長く伸びた、いわゆる徒長苗となる（これは通
常光でも照度不足のときに起きる）など不健全な発育を
示したが、青色光と赤色光の同時照射下で生育したレタ
ス苗は日光下で育成したものと同様、健全に生長するこ
とが確認された。As described above, both red light and blue light having energy intensity above a certain level are required for plant growth. According to the lettuce raising experiment using the device of the present invention, in constant energy irradiation of only one color of blue light and red light, lettuce seedlings had an abnormally long stem portion, so-called sonochou. Although it showed unhealthy growth such as becoming seedlings (this happens when the illuminance is low even with normal light), lettuce seedlings grown under simultaneous irradiation of blue light and red light were similar to those grown in sunlight. It was confirmed to grow soundly.
【図１】図１は、植物の葉緑素による光吸収特性と光合
成における光波長の作用比である（Ｌｅｏｐｏｌｄ １
９６４、による）。FIG. 1 shows the ratio of light wavelengths in photosynthesis and photoabsorption characteristics of chlorophyll in plants (Leopold 1
964, by).
【図２】図２は、本発明の青色発光ダイオード・赤色発
光ダイオード混合配置光源である。FIG. 2 is a blue light emitting diode / red light emitting diode mixed arrangement light source according to the present invention.
【図３】図３は、発光ダイオード光源の駆動電源回路で
あり、青色発光ダイオード群と赤色発光ダイオード群が
回路的に独立しているところが特徴である。FIG. 3 is a driving power supply circuit for a light emitting diode light source, and is characterized in that a blue light emitting diode group and a red light emitting diode group are circuitally independent.
【図４】図４は、間欠照明（断続照明）を行う際の回路
構成である。FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration when performing intermittent illumination (intermittent illumination).
Claims (6)
を放射する発光ダイオードを１つまたは複数の基板（ボ
ード）上に混合配置し、これらの発光ダイオードを同時
もしくは交互に点灯することにより、植物の培養、生
育、栽培、組織培養のための光エネルギーを照射するこ
とを特徴とする光源。ただし、本特許出願においては、
青色光とは４００ｎｍ（ナノメータ）から４８０ｎｍま
での光波長領域にある光とし、赤色光とは６２０ｎｍか
ら７００ｎｍまでの光波長領域にある光とする。1. A light emitting diode that emits blue light and a light emitting diode that emits red light are mixed and arranged on one or a plurality of substrates (boards), and these light emitting diodes are turned on simultaneously or alternately, A light source characterized by irradiating light energy for culturing, growing, cultivating and tissue culturing plants. However, in this patent application,
Blue light is light in the light wavelength region from 400 nm (nanometer) to 480 nm, and red light is light in the light wavelength region from 620 nm to 700 nm.
を放射する発光ダイオードを１つまたは複数の基板（ボ
ード）上に混合配置し、これらの発光ダイオードを同時
もしくは交互に点灯することにより、光合成を行う微生
物の培養のための光エネルギーを照射することを特徴と
する光源。2. A light emitting diode emitting blue light and a light emitting diode emitting red light are mixedly arranged on one or a plurality of substrates (boards), and these light emitting diodes are turned on simultaneously or alternately, A light source characterized by irradiating light energy for culturing a microorganism that performs photosynthesis.
を放射する発光ダイオードを１つまたは複数の基板（ボ
ード）上に混合配置し、これらの発光ダイオードを同時
もしくは交互に点灯することにより、海藻や海草および
淡水藻や水草を培養、生育、栽培するための光エネルギ
ーを照射することを特徴とする光源。3. A light emitting diode emitting blue light and a light emitting diode emitting red light are mixed and arranged on one or a plurality of substrates (boards), and these light emitting diodes are turned on simultaneously or alternately, A light source characterized by irradiating light energy for culturing, growing and cultivating seaweed, seaweed and freshwater algae.
プと赤色光を放射する発光ダイオード結晶チップとを、
一つの透明樹脂レンズの中に封入した青赤２色発光ダイ
オードを基板（ボード）上に複数個配置した構造からな
る、植物ないしはその他の光合成を行う生物の栽培、培
養のための光エネルギーを照射することを特徴とする光
源。4. A light emitting diode crystal chip emitting blue light and a light emitting diode crystal chip emitting red light are provided.
Irradiate light energy for cultivation and cultivation of plants or other organisms that perform photosynthesis, consisting of a structure in which a plurality of blue-red two-color light-emitting diodes enclosed in one transparent resin lens are arranged on a board. A light source characterized by:
２色照射発光ダイオード光源に、青色発光ダイオード、
赤色発光ダイオードの各グループの明るさを別々に制御
できる電気回路を有する電源を組み合わせたことを特徴
とする光源装置および光源システム。5. The blue / red two-color irradiation light emitting diode light source according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is provided with a blue light emitting diode,
A light source device and a light source system, which are combined with a power source having an electric circuit capable of separately controlling the brightness of each group of red light emitting diodes.
とし、これに、この２色以外の光を放射する発光ダイオ
ード（赤外発光ダイオードを含む）を副光源として加え
た構成の発光ダイオード光源。6. A light emitting diode as a main light source for emitting light of two colors of blue and red, to which a light emitting diode (including an infrared light emitting diode) that emits light other than these two colors is added as a sub light source. light source.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27822094A JPH08103167A (en) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Light source for cultivating plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27822094A JPH08103167A (en) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Light source for cultivating plant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08103167A true JPH08103167A (en) | 1996-04-23 |
Family
ID=17594290
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP27822094A Pending JPH08103167A (en) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Light source for cultivating plant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08103167A (en) |
Cited By (52)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0487335A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-03-19 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Cleaning apparatus of semiconductor wafer |
| JPH10113164A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1998-05-06 | Jiro Kondo | Device for photosynthetic culture |
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