JP2019030179A - 過電圧保護回路と電源装置 - Google Patents
過電圧保護回路と電源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
- H02H7/1252—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/1555—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/1555—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit
- H02M7/1557—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/2176—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only comprising a passive stage to generate a rectified sinusoidal voltage and a controlled switching element in series between such stage and the output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】過電圧保護回路は、整流回路102と、両端に入力コンデンサを有する負荷106との間に接続される。前記過電圧保護回路は、半導体スイッチ104と、制御回路300およびセンス抵抗108を有する電流変化回路200Aと、を備える。制御回路300は、整流電圧V01が所定値を超えると半導体スイッチ104をオフし、半導体スイッチ104の両端の電位差を検出し、当該電位差がゼロ又は所定の微小値の期間において、半導体スイッチ104をオンするための制御電圧を半導体スイッチ104の制御端子に出力する。電流変化回路200Aは、半導体スイッチ104をオフし及び/又はオンするとき、出力電圧における伝導妨害波電圧が所定値以下となるように半導体スイッチ104に流れる電流を緩やかに変化させる。
【選択図】図5
Description
交流電圧を整流して整流電圧を出力する整流回路と、
負荷の両端に接続された入力コンデンサを有する負荷と、
前記整流回路と前記負荷との間に接続される半導体スイッチと、
前記半導体スイッチのオン又はオフを制御する制御回路とを備えた過電圧保護回路であって、
前記制御回路は、前記整流電圧が所定値を超えると前記半導体スイッチをオフする一方、前記半導体スイッチの両端の電位差を検出し、当該電位差がゼロ又は所定の微小値の期間において、前記半導体スイッチをオンするための制御電圧を発生して前記半導体スイッチの制御端子に出力し、
前記過電圧保護回路は、前記半導体スイッチをオフするときと、オンするときの少なくとも一方のときにおいて、前記過電圧保護回路から出力される出力電圧における伝導妨害波電圧が所定値以下となるように、前記半導体スイッチに流れる電流を緩やかに変化させる電流変化回路を含むことを特徴とする。
図5は実施形態1にかかる過電圧保護回路の構成例を示す回路図である。また、図6は図5の過電圧保護回路の動作例を示すタイミングチャートである。図6において、動作波形を分かりやすくするため、電流の破線は従来例にかかる図3の電流I01を示す。
(1)制御回路103に代えて、制御回路103に後述する電流制御機能を追加した制御回路300を備えたこと。
(2)半導体スイッチ104のソースと整流回路102との間にセンス抵抗108を挿入したこと。
(1)図7のローパスフィルタ310に代えて、定電流源401,402とコンデンサ403とバッファ(インバータの反転)404とを備えたこと。ここで、定電流源401,402とコンデンサ403とバッファ404及び差動増幅器309により、電流制御回路300bを構成する。
(1)図7のローパスフィルタ310に代えて、鋸波電流源501,502とコンデンサ503とバッファ(インバータの反転)504とを備えたこと。ここで、鋸波電流源501,502とコンデンサ503とバッファ504及び差動増幅器309により、電流制御回路300bを構成する。
図21は実施形態2にかかる過電圧保護回路の構成例を示す回路図である。また、図22は図21の過電圧保護回路の動作例を示すタイミングチャートである。図21において、実施形態2にかかる過電圧保護回路は、図1の過電圧保護回路に比較して以下の点が異なる。
(1)半導体スイッチ104のソースと接地電圧GNDとの間に、インダクタ109を含む電流変化回路200Bを挿入したこと。
図25は実施形態3にかかる過電圧保護回路の構成例を示す回路図である。また、図26は図25の過電圧保護回路の動作例を示すタイミングチャートである。図25において、実施形態3にかかる過電圧保護回路は、図1の過電圧保護回路に比較して以下の点が異なる。
(1)半導体スイッチ104のドレイン・ゲート間に帰還容量であるコンデンサ115を接続し、制御回路103の出力端子と半導体スイッチ104のゲート間に抵抗116を接続したこと。
以下、上記相違点について詳述する。
図29Aは実施形態4にかかる過電圧保護回路の構成例を示す回路図である。また、図30は図29Aの過電圧保護回路の動作例を示すタイミングチャートであり、図31は図30の拡大図である。図29Aにおいて、図25の実施形態3にかかる過電圧保護回路に比較して以下の点が異なる。
(2)入力コンデンサ111の他端と半導体スイッチ104のドレインとの間に半導体スイッチ113を挿入したこと。
(3)制御回路103の出力端子と半導体スイッチ113のゲート間に制御抵抗117を挿入したこと。
(4)半導体スイッチ113のゲート・ソース間にコンデンサ118と保護用ダイオード119を挿入したこと。
以下、上記相違点について詳述する。
実施形態5にかかる電源装置の説明する前に、比較例における問題点について以下に説明する。
(1)擬似共振フライバックコンバータ130の前段に上記過電圧保護回路を適用すれば、ワールドワイド仕様であってもV04を所望の電圧(例えば140V)以下に設定できるため、ZVSさせることが容易になる。
(2)半導体スイッチ120がオフしているときのドレイン・ソース間電圧は上記式(1)により概ね計算されることから分かるように、上記過電圧保護回路を適用すれば電圧V04を所望の電圧以下に設定できる。このため、半導体スイッチ120として比較的低耐電圧の半導体スイッチを適用でき、コスト減、部品の小型化が可能になる。これは半導体スイッチ120だけではなく、他の部品に対しても同様に低耐電圧部品を適用できる。
102…整流回路、
103,103A,300,300A,300B…制御回路、
104,113,120…半導体スイッチ、
105,111,112…入力コンデンサ、
106,126…負荷、
108…センス抵抗、
109…インダクタ、
114…擬似電源回路網(LISN)、
115,118,128,308,403,503…コンデンサ、
116,129,307…抵抗、
117…制御抵抗、
119,127…ダイオード、
121…スイッチングトランス、
122…1次巻線、
123…2次巻線、
124…2次側整流ダイオード、
125…出力コンデンサ、
130…擬似共振フライバックコンバータ、
200A,200B,200C,200D…電流変化回路、
201,202…分圧抵抗、
203…基準電圧源、
204,205…コンパレータ、
206…遅延型フリップフロップ(DFF)、
300a,300b…電流制御回路、
309…差動増幅器、
310,311…低域通過フィルタ(ローパスフィルタ)、
401,402…定電流源、
404,504…バッファ、
501,502…鋸波電流源、
T1,T2…入力端子。
Claims (9)
- 交流電圧を整流して整流電圧を出力する整流回路と、
負荷の両端に接続された入力コンデンサを有する負荷との間に接続される過電圧保護回路であって、
前記過電圧保護回路は
前記整流回路と前記負荷との間に接続される半導体スイッチと、
前記半導体スイッチのオン又はオフを制御する制御回路とを備え、
前記制御回路は、前記整流電圧が所定値を超えると前記半導体スイッチをオフする一方、前記半導体スイッチの両端の電位差を検出し、当該電位差がゼロ又は所定の微小値の期間において、前記半導体スイッチをオンするための制御電圧を発生して前記半導体スイッチの制御端子に出力し、
前記過電圧保護回路は、前記半導体スイッチをオフするときと、オンするときの少なくとも一方のときにおいて、前記過電圧保護回路から出力される出力電圧における伝導妨害波電圧が所定値以下となるように、前記半導体スイッチに流れる電流を緩やかに変化させる電流変化回路を含むことを特徴とする過電圧保護回路。 - 前記電流変化回路は、前記半導体スイッチと前記整流回路との間に挿入されたインダクタを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の過電圧保護回路。
- 前記電流変化回路は、前記半導体スイッチに流れる電流を緩やかに変化させるための前記制御電圧を発生する電流制御回路を含む前記制御回路を備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の過電圧保護回路。
- 前記電流制御回路は、前記半導体スイッチと前記整流回路との間に挿入された抵抗をさらに備え、
前記整流電圧及び、前記半導体スイッチと前記負荷との間の接続点の電圧に基づいたタイミングで発生される基準電圧を生成する低域通過ろ波する低域通過フィルタを含み、
前記抵抗の両端電圧が前記基準電圧と一致するように前記制御電圧を発生することを特徴とする請求項3記載の過電圧保護回路。 - 前記電流制御回路は、前記半導体スイッチと前記整流回路との間に挿入された抵抗をさらに備え、
前記整流電圧及び、前記半導体スイッチと前記負荷との間の接続点の電圧に基づいたタイミングで発生される基準電圧を発生するための定電流源を含み、
前記抵抗の両端電圧が前記基準電圧と一致するように前記制御電圧を発生することを特徴とする請求項3記載の過電圧保護回路。 - 前記電流制御回路は、前記半導体スイッチと前記整流回路との間に挿入された抵抗をさらに備え、
前記整流電圧及び、前記半導体スイッチと前記負荷との間の接続点の電圧に基づいたタイミングで発生される基準電圧を発生するための三角波電流源を含み、
前記抵抗の両端電圧が前記基準電圧と一致するように前記制御電圧を発生することを特徴とする請求項3記載の過電圧保護回路。 - 前記電流変化回路は、
前記半導体スイッチの制御端子と、前記負荷及び前記半導体スイッチとの間の接続点との間に挿入された帰還容量と、
前記制御回路と、前記半導体スイッチの制御端子との間に挿入された制御抵抗とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の過電圧保護回路。 - 前記入力コンデンサは、互いに並列に接続された複数の入力コンデンサを含み、
前記過電圧保護回路は、前記複数の入力コンデンサのうちの一部の入力コンデンサにおいて、当該一部の入力コンデンサと直列に接続された別の半導体スイッチであって、前記制御電圧に基づいて制御される別の半導体スイッチをさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1〜7のうちのいずれか1つに記載の過電圧保護回路。 - 請求項1〜8のうちのいずれか1つに記載の過電圧保護回路を備えたことを特徴とする電源装置。
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CN112736858A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 杭州拓深科技有限公司 | 一种交流过压自关断保护系统及保护方法 |
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