JP2019018262A - Cut machining device and cut machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a cut machining device and a cut machining method in which a machining load concerning a tool and a workpiece is suppressed, a machining failure is reduced and a machining efficiency can be improved.SOLUTION: A cut machining device 1 includes: a jig 5 for holding a workpiece W; a tool 7 for performing cutting of the workpiece W; drive means 9 for relatively moving the tool 7 and the workpiece W in a cut direction and cutting a part of the workpiece W; feed drive means 25 for moving the tool 7 or the workpiece W in order to move the tool 7 in a desired feeding direction to the workpiece W; a retreat movement mechanism 21 for retreating and moving the workpiece W or the tool 7 in a direction in which a relative feed amount between the tool 7 and the workpiece W to the real feed amount is reduced by the feed drive means 25; and a biasing mechanism 23 for biasing the workpiece W or the tool 7 retreated and moved in a return moving direction when the workpiece W or the tool 7 is retreated and moved by the retreat movement mechanism 21.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining apparatus and a machining method for cutting or grinding ceramics, a crystal material, a cemented carbide, or the like with a fixed abrasive or a diamond tool.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are cutting processing and grinding processing as cutting processing that changes the shape (outer shape) of a workpiece. As a tool to be used, for example, a cutter such as a fixed tool (tool) or a rotating tool (cutters) is used. Processing and processing using abrasive grains (fixed abrasive grains or loose abrasive grains) are well known.

  As a typical method of cutting or grinding using fixed abrasive grains, a grinder, grinding center, machining center, or the like is used to press a high-speed rotating tool (grinding stone) against the workpiece to break the grindstone. There are a method of cutting a workpiece by the method, a method of directly pressing a tool (grindstone) vibrated ultrasonically against the workpiece, breaking the grindstone, and cutting the workpiece by abrasive grains.

  Further, in the cutting using a diamond tool, there is a method in which a sintered polycrystalline diamond or a diamond-coated tool is pressed against a work piece and finely scraped off.

  As a typical method of grinding using loose abrasive grains, an ultrasonically vibrated tool is brought close to the work piece, loose abrasive grains are supplied between them, and abrasive grains receiving ultrasonic energy are covered. A method of cutting by making it collide with a workpiece is generally known.

JP2013-53019A

  However, for example, grinding with a fixed abrasive using a grinder or the like (including ultrasonic vibration machining) is a process for obtaining mechanical rigidity, and a tool is brought into contact with a workpiece with a strong pressing force. Since the grindstone is broken and processed, there is a problem that clogging easily occurs. When machining slippage occurs due to clogging, the load on the tool or workpiece will accumulate if machining in a state that does not reach the desired shape (specified machining amount (cutting)) continues. As a result, the grindstone collapses or the tool breaks easily in a state other than the original shaving.

  Further, when the diameter of the tool is large, the reaction force when the tool is brought into contact with the workpiece is increased, and the tool is likely to slip. Accordingly, there is a problem that machining efficiency is poor because there are many cases where machining can be performed only with a small-diameter tool or a thin grindstone in order to improve the depth of cut into the workpiece.

  On the other hand, cutting with free abrasive grains using ultrasonic vibration can reduce the processing load on tools and workpieces compared to fixed abrasive grains, but the actual machining amount relative to the command value is low because the machining efficiency is low. If the state of not reaching is continued, the load related to the tool or the workpiece is accumulated. When the processing load increases, the ultrasonic vibrations are not efficiently transmitted to the abrasive grains, so that the pressing force of the tool is further increased, and as a result, a vicious cycle is likely to occur, in which the processing load further increases.

  As described above, in any of the conventional methods, a large processing load is likely to be accumulated on the tool or the workpiece, causing problems such as a tool failure or a workpiece damage, and a problem that the processing efficiency cannot be improved. was there.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is capable of suppressing a processing load related to a tool and a workpiece, reducing processing defects, and improving processing efficiency, and a processing apparatus. It aims to provide a method.

  The present invention solves the above problems by the following means.

  (1) The present invention is a shaving apparatus for shaving a part of a workpiece to change it into a desired shape, a jig for holding the workpiece, and a tool for scraping the workpiece. Driving means for moving the tool and the workpiece relative to each other in a cutting direction to scrape a part of the workpiece, and for moving the tool in a desired feed direction with respect to the workpiece. Alternatively, the workpiece is moved in a direction in which a relative feed amount between the tool and the workpiece decreases with respect to an actual feed amount by the feed drive unit that moves the workpiece and the feed drive unit. A retracting movement mechanism for retracting and moving the workpiece or the tool, and biasing the workpiece or the tool to be retracted in the return movement direction when the workpiece or the tool is retracted by the retracting movement mechanism. And a force mechanism. A cutting processing apparatus characterized.

  (2) In the present invention, as the workpiece and the tool are machined, the retracted moving mechanism and the biasing mechanism move the retracted workpiece or the tool in the return direction. The shaving apparatus according to (1) above, characterized in that:

  (3) The present invention also provides a retracted state detecting means for detecting a retracted state by the retracting movement mechanism, a feed state detecting means for detecting an actual feed state by the feed driving means, the retracted state and the feed The cutting apparatus according to (1) or (2), further comprising: a calculation unit that calculates the relative feed amount of the workpiece and the workpiece from a relative difference in state. is there.

  (4) The present invention is also characterized in that the urging force by the urging mechanism is interlocked with the evacuation amount by the evacuation movement mechanism, according to any one of (1) to (3) above. Device.

  (5) The present invention is also the shaving apparatus according to (4) above, characterized in that the feed amount by the feed drive means is controlled so that the retraction amount does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

  (6) The present invention is also characterized in that when the retraction amount by the retraction movement mechanism becomes substantially zero, control is performed so as to end the machining or shift to the next machining. The shaving apparatus according to 4) or (5).

  (7) The present invention is the shaving apparatus according to any one of the above (4) to (6), wherein the biasing force is controlled in a range not exceeding a desired amount.

  (8) The present invention is the shaving apparatus according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the jig includes the retracting movement mechanism and the biasing mechanism.

  (9) In the present invention, any one of the above (1) to (8), wherein the driving unit is a rotation driving unit that relatively rotates the tool and the workpiece in a cutting direction. It is a shaving processing apparatus of description.

  (10) The present invention is the machining apparatus according to any one of (1) to (9), wherein the tool is a cutting tool or a grinding tool.

  (11) The present invention is also a shaving method in which a part of a workpiece is scraped off and changed into a desired shape, the workpiece is held by a jig, and the tool and the workpiece are shaved. Moving the tool or the workpiece in order to move the tool in a desired feed direction relative to the workpiece, cutting the part of the workpiece relative to the workpiece, Retreating the workpiece or the tool in a direction in which a relative feed amount between the tool and the workpiece decreases with respect to an actual feed amount of the tool or the workpiece; And a step of urging the workpiece or the tool to be retracted in the return movement direction when the workpiece or the tool is retracted.

  (12) The present invention is also characterized in that, as the machining with the workpiece and the tool progresses, the retracted workpiece or the tool moves in a return direction. The shaving method described in 1.

  (13) The present invention also includes a step of detecting a retracted state of the workpiece or the tool, a step of detecting an actual feed state of the workpiece or the tool, and a state of the retracted state and the feed state. The method according to (11) or (12) above, further comprising a step of calculating a relative feed amount between the tool and the workpiece from a relative difference.

  (14) The invention according to any one of (11) to (13), wherein the biasing force biasing in the return movement direction is interlocked with a retracting amount of the retracting movement. It is a shaving method.

  (15) The cutting method according to (14), wherein the feed amount is controlled so that the retraction amount does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

  (16) In the present invention described in (14) or (15) above, when the evacuation amount becomes substantially zero, the machining is terminated or the process proceeds to the next machining. It is a shaving method.

  (17) The present invention is the shaving method according to any one of the above (14) to (16), wherein the biasing force is controlled within a range not exceeding a desired amount.

  (18) The present invention is also the cutting method according to any one of the above (11) to (17), characterized in that the cutting of the workpiece is cutting or grinding.

  (19) The present invention is also characterized in that the work piece is cut off by rotating the tool or the work piece to drive the work piece. The shaving method according to any one of the above.

  (20) The present invention is also a cutting method in which a part of the workpiece is scraped and changed into a desired shape, and an excessive pressure applied to the workpiece when a tool presses the workpiece is reduced. It is a shaving method characterized by advancing shaving while being buffered, and shaving the workpiece until the desired shape is obtained.

  (21) The present invention is also characterized in that the machining is advanced while retracting one of the tool or the workpiece in the same direction as the other feed direction in which the machining is advanced. The shaving method described in 1.

  (22) The above (20) or (20) is characterized in that the control is performed so that the pressure when the tool presses the workpiece is maintained within a predetermined range in which the machining efficiently proceeds. 21).

  (23) The present invention is also the cutting method according to any one of the above (20) to (22), characterized in that the cutting of the workpiece is cutting or grinding.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to provide the cutting apparatus and the cutting method which can suppress the processing load which concerns on a tool and a workpiece, can reduce processing defects, and can improve processing efficiency. .

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS (a) The side surface schematic diagram which shows the shaving processing apparatus of embodiment of this invention, (b) The top view which shows a jig | tool, (c) The side view which shows a jig | tool. It is a side surface schematic diagram which shows the cutting by the cutting apparatus of embodiment of this invention. It is a side surface schematic diagram which shows the shaving apparatus of other embodiment of this invention. It is a side surface schematic diagram which shows the shaving apparatus of other embodiment of this invention. It is a side surface schematic diagram which shows the shaving apparatus of other embodiment of this invention. It is the external appearance photograph of the process by the cutting process of this invention, and a process result.

  Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, the shaving apparatus 1 and the shaving method which concern on embodiment of this invention are demonstrated in detail.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a shaving apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, FIG. 1 (a) is a schematic side view of the entire shaving apparatus 1, and FIG. 1 (b) is an example of a jig 5. FIG. 2C is a side view of the same figure.

  First, referring to FIG. 1A, a shaving apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a table 3, a jig 5, a retracting movement mechanism 21, an urging mechanism 23, and a workpiece (workpiece) W. A tool (working tool) 7 for cutting, a driving means 9 for the tool 7, a feed driving means 25, a tool support portion 17 for supporting the tool 7, a control means, and the like. In the following embodiment, the case where the shaving apparatus 1 is an apparatus such as a milling machine that rotationally drives a tool 7 such as a drill and the workpiece (workpiece) W is a cemented carbide will be described as an example.

  The table 3 is, for example, an XY table (stage) that moves a workpiece (workpiece) W within a horizontal XY plane.

  The jig 5 is a means that is provided on the table 3 and holds (supports) the workpiece W. For example, as shown in FIGS. 52, a support portion 53, and the like. Further, the jig 5 of the present embodiment includes a retreat movement mechanism 21 that retreats the workpiece W and a biasing mechanism 23 that biases the workpiece W in the return movement direction. The retract movement mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23 will be described in detail later.

  For example, a support portion 53 is erected at an appropriate position on the base 51, and a flat plate-like holding portion 52 is provided at an upper end portion of the support portion 53, for example. In this example, a case will be described in which the holding portion 52 has a rectangular shape (square shape) in plan view, and the support portions 53 are provided at four positions corresponding to the four corners near the outer periphery of the holding portion 52. In addition, the shape of the holding | maintenance part 52 is not restricted to this example, The rectangular shape and circular shape which have a long side and a short side may be sufficient. In any case, the holding part 52 has a rectangular shape larger than the workpiece W, for example, and the upper surface thereof serves as a holding surface 521 that holds and supports (supports) the workpiece W. Further, the arrangement and the number of the support parts 53 may be two places corresponding to both ends of the holding part 52 or one place corresponding to the center depending on the shape of the holding part 52.

  In addition, as will be described in detail later, in the jig 5 of the present embodiment, the holding portion 52 is extended with respect to the base 51 in the extending direction of the main shaft of the tool 7 (in this example, the vertical direction (Z-axis direction in the drawing)). It is configured to be relatively movable.

  The tool 7 is a fixed abrasive tool (grinding stone) or a diamond tool capable of machining (cutting or grinding) to obtain a desired shape (creating a shape) by scraping a cemented carbide, for example, For example, a diamond grindstone. Moreover, the tool 7 of this embodiment is cutting tools or grinding tools, such as a drill, an end mill, and a polygonal pyramid tool (bite), as an example.

  The driving means 9 is a means for driving the tool 7 and the workpiece W so as to scrape a part of the workpiece W by moving the tool 7 and the workpiece W relative to each other in the cutting direction. The driving means 9 in this example is a rotational driving means for relatively rotating the tool 7 and the workpiece W in the cutting direction. For example, the driving means 9 is a motor that rotationally drives the tool 7 or a spindle of the tool 7 (for example, a shank of a drill). is there. The tool 7 supported by the tool support 17 by the driving means 9 is rotationally driven by a spindle around the vertical Z axis.

  The tool support unit 17 includes feed driving means 25 that moves the tool 7 in order to move the tool 7 in a desired feed direction with respect to the workpiece W, and supports (holds) the tool 7. In this example, the feed direction is the extending direction of the main shaft of the tool 7, that is, the vertical direction (the Z-axis direction shown in the drawing, the direction perpendicular to the surface of the holding portion 52 of the jig 5). As an example, the tool support portion 17 is a Z-axis feed stage that moves in the Z-axis direction.

  Further, the shaving apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a measuring unit 11. The measuring unit 11 includes, for example, a retreat state detection unit 111 that detects a retreat state by the retreat movement mechanism 21, a feed state detection unit 113 that detects an actual feed state by the feed drive unit 25, and a retreat state and a feed state. Calculation means 115 for calculating the relative feed amount of the tool 7 and the workpiece W from the relative difference is provided. The measuring means 11 will be described in detail later.

  Each part of the shaving apparatus 1 is comprehensively controlled by a control means (not shown). The control means includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like, and executes various controls. The CPU is a so-called central processing unit, and various programs are executed to realize various functions. The RAM is used as a work area for the CPU. The ROM stores a basic OS and programs executed by the CPU.

  The control means includes numerical control means (numerical control device) (not shown) that numerically controls the table (XY table) 3 and the tool support (Z-axis feed stage) 17. The numerical control device causes the tool (grindstone) 7 to rotate at high speed about the Z axis by the spindle and the rotational torque and the like are controlled, and the workpiece W is moved in the horizontal XY plane to rotate the tool 7. By making contact, the workpiece W can be processed (ground or cut) into a desired shape.

  The shaving apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment has a desired shape by advancing the shaving while buffering the excessive pressure applied to the work part when the tool 7 presses the work part of the work W. The workpiece W is scraped up to the end. In other words, the workpiece W is scraped off to a desired shape while maintaining the pressure at which the tool 7 presses the workpiece portion of the workpiece W within a predetermined range in which the machining progresses. It is.

  More specifically, the tool 7 advances the cutting process while retracting one of the tool 7 or the workpiece W in the same direction as the other feed direction for advancing the cutting process, so that the tool 7 moves the processing part. Excess pressure applied to the part to be processed during pressing is buffered. By this, the pressure (pressing force) at which the tool 7 and the part to be processed come into contact with each other is maintained within a predetermined range where the cutting process proceeds efficiently. Processing can be performed.

  Conventional cutting, especially cutting or grinding to obtain a desired shape (creating a shape) is a motion control (transfer) method of abrasive processing, especially cutting or grinding with fixed abrasive. In this case, the work piece (particularly cemented carbide) is firmly fixed to a jig that does not move in the direction of machining, and the tool is pressed once against the work piece. It is common to set the amount of cutting at the feed amount (one scan) and the number of times of feed (scan) up to the final amount of cutting to perform scraping. Further, it is common that tool motion control (rotation speed and feed speed control) is performed during machining.

  However, such a method has a problem that unintentional breakage of a tool (grinding stone) or a workpiece proceeds and clogging is likely to occur. Then, for example, machining slip occurs due to clogging and the machining is finished before the final cutting amount is reached. In addition, since the grindstone is worn in the first place, there is no point in using (making) a fine grindstone, and there is a problem that it is difficult to control in units of microns.

  In addition, the load cell used for conventional polishing (for example, mirror finishing) used for smoothing the surface of a solid rather than creating a shape is configured to be movable so that the tool can be retracted when polishing is stopped. It is not possible to control the tool to the micron unit in the Z-axis direction.

  In cutting and grinding, the amount of cutting and the movement of the tool are controlled as described above to detect whether or not the desired shape has been reached, and the tool pressing force is detected and controlled. I wasn't.

  The applicant of the present application pays attention to the pressure at which the tool 7 abuts (presses) the workpiece W (the workpiece part) in grinding and polishing, and as a result of diligent efforts, the pressure (pressing force) is the most. It has been found that there is a predetermined range where the processing proceeds efficiently.

  Further, in the grinding process and the polishing process, in order to maintain the pressure (pressing force) within a predetermined range in which the processing proceeds most efficiently, one of the tool 7 and the workpiece W is used for the other processing to advance the cutting process. The present invention for advancing the cutting process while buffering the excessive pressure applied to the processed part when the tool 7 presses the processed part by retreating in the same direction as the feeding direction of the present invention can be achieved. .

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, in the shaving apparatus 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, one of the jig 5 or the tool support portion 17 has a buffer mechanism 20. The excessive pressure of the tool 7 applied to W is buffered (absorbed), and the processing load on the workpiece W and the tool 7 is reduced. The buffer mechanism 20 is a mechanism that includes, for example, a retreat movement mechanism 21 that retreats the tool 7 or the workpiece W and a biasing mechanism 23 that biases the tool 7 or the workpiece W in the return movement direction. .

  This will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, as an example, the jig 5 includes a buffer mechanism 20, that is, a retracting movement mechanism 21 and an urging mechanism 23.

  In this example, the retreat movement mechanism 21 is a support portion 53 that holds the holding portion 52 (holding surface 521) so as to be movable up and down in the vertical (vertical in this example) direction with respect to the base 51. More specifically, the support portion 53 includes an outer cylinder 531 and an inner cylinder 532 that is held inside the outer cylinder 531 so as to be able to advance and retreat relative to the outer cylinder 531.

  The urging mechanism 23 is, for example, an elastic member 533 provided on the outer periphery of the support portion 53 and having upper and lower ends fixed to the holding portion 52 and the base 51. The elastic member 533 is, for example, a spring (coil spring) wound around the outer periphery of the outer cylinder 531 and having upper and lower ends fixed to the holding portion 52 and the base 51.

  The support portion 53 (the retreat movement mechanism 21) is the same as the actual feed direction of the tool 7 (the direction in which the tool 7 is fed by the feed driving means 25 when machining is performed, in this example, the direction toward the lower side of the Z axis). The holding part 52 is configured to be retractable in the direction, so that the workpiece W on the holding part 52 can be retracted in the same direction as the actual feed direction of the tool 7.

  The urging mechanism 23 urges the workpiece W that moves away in the return movement direction when the workpiece W retracts and moves by the retracting movement mechanism 21. The return movement direction is a direction opposite to the retreat movement direction and is a direction toward the upper side of the Z axis.

  A stopper 535 is provided on the upper surface of the holding portion 52. The stopper 535 restricts the movement of the holding portion 52 urged upward in the Z direction by the urging mechanism 23 (elastic member 533) to a predetermined height.

  As a result, the holding portion 52 and the workpiece W held by the holding portion 52 are pressed by the tool 7 while the cutting process is being performed, and the tool 7 while resisting the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 by the retracting movement mechanism 21. Is retracted in the actual feed direction (below the Z axis), but the workpiece W (withdrawn and moved by the retracting mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23 is advanced by the workpiece W and the tool 7 as the cutting process progresses. While the holding part 52) is pressed by the tool 7, it moves in a direction to return to the initial position.

  Furthermore, the measuring unit 11 includes, for example, a retreat state detection unit 111 that detects a retreat state by the retreat movement mechanism 21, a feed state detection unit 113 that detects an actual feed state by the feed drive unit 25, and a retreat state and a feed. Calculation means 115 is provided for calculating the relative feed amount of the tool 7 and the workpiece W from the relative difference in state.

  Here, the retreat state detected by the retreat movement mechanism 21 is, for example, the amount of retreat movement caused by being pressed by the tool 7 (hereinafter referred to as “retraction amount ΔN”).

  The actual feed state detected by the feed drive means 25 is, for example, an actual (absolute) feed amount (hereinafter referred to as “absolute”) that is a target for performing the machining (set when performing the machining). This is referred to as a typical feed amount ΔT1 ”.

  The relative feed amount calculated by the calculation means 115 is a difference (ΔT1−ΔN) between the absolute feed amount ΔT1 and the retraction amount ΔN, and is hereinafter referred to as “relative feed amount ΔT2.” The relative feed amount ΔT2 (= ΔT1−ΔN) between the tool 7 and the workpiece W can be said to be a progress amount of the processing.

  When the workpiece W is placed on the holding portion 52, the retracting movement mechanism 21 of the present embodiment has the workpiece W even when the tool 7 is not pressed against the workpiece W by the feed driving means 25. It moves in the retreat movement direction by a predetermined amount corresponding to the weight of the (the urging mechanism 23 is set as such). However, in this embodiment, as an example, the retraction amount ΔN detected by the retraction state detection unit 111 is such that the workpiece W is pressed (sent out) by the feed driving unit 25 so that the workpiece W is Z-axis. It is assumed that a change amount retracted downward (a change amount further retracted by pressing of the tool 7 from the state where the workpiece W is placed on the holding portion 52 at the start of machining) is detected.

  Depending on the setting of the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 described later, the holding unit 52 may not move downward in the Z-axis only by placing the workpiece W on the holding unit 52, and is configured as such. It may be.

  The retract movement mechanism 21 is urged by the urging mechanism 23 while the cutting process is in progress (while being pressed by the tool 7), so that the absolute feed amount of the tool 7 by the feed driving means 25. The workpiece W is retracted and moved in the direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W decreases with respect to ΔT1. In this embodiment, “retreating the workpiece W in the direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 decreases” in other words, the movement in the direction of returning to the initial position, The movement is still evacuated.

  Then, the shaving apparatus 1 is controlled so as to end the shaving (one step) when the retracting amount ΔN by the retracting movement mechanism 21 becomes (substantially) zero.

  Specifically, for example, when 2 mm of machining is performed, the absolute feed amount ΔT1 (retraction amount ΔN) of the tool 7 by the feed driving unit 25 is 2 mm, and the retraction amount ΔN (2 mm) is (substantially) zero. At this time, the shaving process is finished. Alternatively, for example, in the case of 2 mm cutting, a plurality of steps may be cut. For example, in the first step, the absolute feed amount ΔT1 (retraction amount ΔN) of the tool 7 by the feed driving means 25 is set. When the retraction amount ΔN (0.2 mm) becomes (substantially) zero when 0.2 mm is set, the first step of the cutting process is completed, and the process proceeds to the next step (second step). You may make it perform. In this case, when the 10th step is completed, the shaving process is completed.

  The urging force of the urging mechanism 23 (elastic force of the elastic member 533) is set so as to be interlocked with the evacuation amount ΔN detected by the evacuation state detection unit 111 so that the evacuation movement and the return movement as described above are possible. Is set in a range not exceeding the desired amount.

  Specifically, the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 is determined by the buffer mechanism 20 (the retreat movement mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23) when the feed driving means 25 sends the tool 7 at an absolute feed amount ΔT1. 7 and the workpiece W are set so as to be able to retreat in a direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 decreases. More specifically, for example, the position of the workpiece W in the Z-axis direction (of the jig 5) corresponding to the feed operation of the feed drive means 25 (the retract amount ΔN by the retract movement mechanism 21 thereby). The biasing force of the biasing mechanism 23 is set so that the workpiece W can vibrate within a small range, for example, while allowing a minute displacement of the holding portion 52 in the Z-axis direction position).

  For example, when the biasing mechanism 23 is an elastic member (coil spring) 533, a spring constant that can be expanded and contracted in conjunction with the retract amount ΔN by the retract movement mechanism 21 is appropriately selected. The elastic member 533 receives the pressing force from the feed driving means 25 and is compressed in the feeding direction of the feed driving means 25 (downward in the Z axis), but resists the pressing force and the actual feed amount (absolute) To the extent that the workpiece W (holding portion 52) can be moved in a direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W decreases. The spring constant is selected.

  In other words, the spring constant is selected such that the workpiece W (holding portion 52) retreated downward in the Z direction moves in the return direction as the machining with the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses.

  However, the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 differs depending on the processing conditions such as the material, shape, processing method, tool 7 to be used, and the like of the workpiece W to be processed. Therefore, the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 is controlled within a range that does not exceed a desired amount that allows the retreating movement and the returning movement according to the processing conditions. That is, when the urging mechanism 23 is the elastic member 533, a spring constant in a range not exceeding a desired amount that allows the retraction movement and the return movement is appropriately selected.

  Further, the feed driving means 25 controls the absolute feed amount ΔT1 so that the retraction amount ΔN of the workpiece W (holding portion 52) does not exceed a predetermined threshold value. Specifically, when the retracted amount ΔN exceeds a predetermined threshold (for example, a target machining amount), the absolute feed amount ΔT1 of the tool 7 is decreased, and the retracted amount ΔN becomes the predetermined threshold. When it is less than the position (when there is little pushing and the tool 7 is in the idling state or a state close thereto), control is performed to increase the absolute feed amount ΔT1 of the tool 7.

  The feed control during the cutting process by the feed drive means 25 may not be performed, and the control by the drive means 9 of the tool 7 (rotation control, rotation) instead of or in combination with the control by the feed drive means 25. For example, control may be performed so that the retracted amount ΔN does not exceed a predetermined threshold.

  The elastic member 522 is not limited to a coil spring, and may be, for example, an air spring or a sponge. The biasing mechanism 23 is a mechanism for biasing by means of magnetic force, hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, etc. Mechanism).

  With reference to FIG. 2, the cutting method in the cutting apparatus 1 will be described in time series.

  First, as shown in FIG. 2A, a workpiece W (for example, cemented carbide) is placed on the holding portion 52 of the jig 5 and held by the jig 5. In this example, in a state before the workpiece W is placed on the holding portion 52 of the jig 5 and pressed by the tool 7, the biasing mechanism 23 (elastic member 533) is caused by the weight of the workpiece W. Is compressed by a predetermined amount, and the holding portion 52 is moved downward in the Z direction by the retracting movement mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23 from the position before the workpiece W is placed (shown by a broken line). Depending on the setting of the urging force of the urging mechanism 23, the holding unit 52 may not move downward in the Z axis only by placing the workpiece W on the holding unit 52, and is configured as such. Also good. In this example, the movement only by the weight of the workpiece W is not included in the retraction amount ΔN. Further, it is assumed that the broken line area on the surface of the workpiece W is machined.

  At this time, the position of the holding surface 521 (the height from the reference surface such as the floor surface) of the holding unit 52 (in a state where the workpiece W before processing is placed) is set as a return position P0.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, the table 3 is moved to adjust the workpiece part W1 to be below the tool 7, and the tool 7 is moved in the desired feed direction with respect to the workpiece W. Move. That is, the tool 7 is moved downward in the Z-axis by the feed driving means 25 of the tool support portion 17 to bring the tool 7 into contact with the machining start site of the workpiece site W1. At this time, the feed driving means 25 moves the tool 7 so that the tool 7 is brought into contact with (pressed on) the workpiece W with a pressing force capable of cutting. The workpiece W receives this pressing force, and the retreat movement mechanism 21 retreats downward in the Z direction by a certain retraction amount ΔN. The evacuation amount ΔN may be, for example, the target final total amount of machining (total machining amount) or a value smaller than the target final amount of total cutting (total machining amount) (total machining) A value obtained by equally dividing (amount) into a plurality of parts).

  Next, as shown in FIG. 3C, the tool 7 and the workpiece W are relatively moved in the cutting direction (in this case, the XY direction) to cut off a part of the processing portion W1. In the present embodiment, in this cutting process, the feed driving means 25 moves the tool 7 in the feed direction (below the Z axis) with an absolute feed amount ΔT1 to press the workpiece W, while the biasing mechanism 23 Urges the retreating workpiece W in the return movement direction (the direction of movement toward the return position P0), and the retraction movement mechanism 21 is connected to the tool 7 with respect to the actual feed amount ΔT1 of the tool 7. The workpiece W (holding portion 52) is retreated in the direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the workpieces W decreases (in this case, downward). The urging force of the urging mechanism 23 is set in a range not exceeding the desired amount in conjunction with the evacuation amount ΔN by the evacuation moving mechanism 21.

  Specifically, the retreat state (retreat amount ΔN) by the retreat movement mechanism 21 detected by the retreat state detection unit 111 and the actual feed state (absolute feed amount) by the feed drive unit 25 detected by the feed state detection unit 113. Based on ΔT1), the calculation means 115 calculates the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W from the relative difference (ΔT1−ΔN) between the two. Further, the feed driving means 25 controls the absolute feed amount ΔT1 so that the retreat amount ΔN does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5C, the retreat movement mechanism 21 retreats the workpiece W in the direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W decreases. As the machining with the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses, the workpiece W retreated by the retraction mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 moves in the direction of the return position P0, and the retraction amount ΔN decreases. Progresses. In this case, it can be said that the workpiece W (holding portion 52) is retracted in a direction in which the relative amount of cutting is reduced with respect to the amount of cutting that is performed when the tool 7 is fed by the feed driving unit 25. .

  In other words, as an example of a phenomenon, the workpiece W is not fixed in the Z-axis direction with respect to the table 3, and is allowed to move (change in position) within a predetermined range in the Z-axis direction. Processing proceeds. While the workpiece W is pushed down by the tool 7 below the Z-axis, the workpiece 5 is vibrated up and down, and the machining progresses while the jig 5 (workpiece W) gradually returns to the return position P0.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 4D, when the shape of the work site W1 becomes a desired final shape (reaches the total machining amount) and the retraction amount ΔN becomes (substantially) zero, the machining is finished. .

  In the case of performing the cutting process by dividing into a plurality of steps, when the retraction amount ΔN of one step becomes (substantially) zero, the cutting process of the step is finished and the process proceeds to the next step. .

  If the feed amount ΔT relative to the retraction amount ΔN is insufficient immediately before the machining is completed, and the tool 7 may be idling without being slightly less than the target value, these are considered. Thus, the absolute feed amount ΔT1, the retreat amount ΔN, and the relative feed amount ΔT2 may be appropriately controlled.

  Further, the measuring unit 11 includes a measuring unit that detects whether or not the final machining amount has been reached and a desired shape has been obtained, so that the final machining shape can be confirmed after the end of the machining. Good.

  According to such a configuration, an excessive pressure is applied to the workpiece W and the tool 7 placed on the holding portion 52 so as to exceed the pressure range where the cutting process proceeds most efficiently. However, it is possible to proceed the shaving process while buffering (absorbing) it.

  Further, the retraction amount ΔN is set to a desired value (the final machining amount or a value obtained by equally dividing the same), and when the retraction amount ΔN becomes (substantially) zero, the machining is finished (for one step). Therefore, it is possible to control the processing amount in units of microns, which is difficult with conventional grinding and cutting.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the processing load (working pressure) on the workpiece W and the tool 7 is small, the surface (working eyes) becomes a working eye close to polishing (polishing), and the polishing level is fine. Sharpening is possible. In the machining according to the present embodiment, the machining load (working pressure) on the workpiece W and the tool 7 changes as needed, but the machining load on the workpiece W and the tool 7 through the entire machining process. (Processing pressure) is roughly high in the processing load (processing pressure) at the beginning of processing, and low in the end of processing (immediately before the end). In other words, at the final stage of processing (immediately before the end), the surface (processed grain) can be sharpened to a surface close to polishing (polishing) by finely grinding the polishing level.

  <Other embodiments>

  With reference to FIGS. 3 to 5, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  In the above example, the shaving apparatus 1 is an apparatus using a milling machine that rotationally drives a tool 7 such as a drill, and the jig 5 includes a buffer mechanism 20 (a retraction mechanism 21 and an urging mechanism 23). Indicated.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the shaving apparatus 1 is a lathe machining apparatus or the like that rotates the columnar workpiece W, and the tool support portion 17 includes a buffer mechanism 20 (retraction movement mechanism). 21 and an urging mechanism 23) are shown.

  As shown in FIG. 5A, in this case, the workpiece W has a cylindrical shape, and the driving means 9 is a motor that rotationally drives a jig (such as a chuck) 5 that holds the workpiece W. The tool 7 is, for example, a cutting tool or the like, and is attached to the table 3 via the tool support portion 17. The table 3 is movable in at least two axial directions (for example, directions along the Y axis and Z axis shown in the figure).

  When the jig 5 is rotationally driven by the driving means 9, the workpiece W rotates about the cylindrical axis. Then, the tool 7 is brought into contact with the workpiece W, and the tool 7 and the workpiece W are relatively moved (rotated) in the cutting direction, and a part of the workpiece W is scraped off.

  The feed driving means 25 is provided in the jig 5 in this example, and moves the jig 5 (workpiece W) with respect to the tool 7. That is, as shown in FIG. 5B, the feed drive means 25 moves the workpiece W relative to the tool 7 in a desired feed direction (in this example, the right direction of the X axis shown in the figure). Let

  On the other hand, the retreat movement mechanism 21 is provided in the tool support 17 and is a direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W decreases with respect to the actual feed amount ΔT1 by the feed driving means 25 ( In this case, the tool 7 is retreated in the same direction as the feed direction of the feed drive means 25 and in the right direction of the X axis).

  The urging mechanism 23 is provided, for example, between the table 3 and the tool support portion 17. It is biased in the direction opposite to the feed direction (in this example, the left direction of the X axis).

  In this case, as the machining process using the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses, the retracted moving mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 cause the retracted tool 7 to move in the return direction (leftward in the X axis).

  From the relative difference between the retracted state and the feed state, the retracted state detector 111 for detecting the retracted state by the retracting movement mechanism 21, the feed state detector 113 for detecting the actual feed state by the feed driving unit 25, and A measuring means 11 having a calculating means 115 for calculating a relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W is provided. The specific configuration of the measuring means 11 is the same as that in the above embodiment.

  Similarly to the above embodiment, the urging force by the urging mechanism 23 is interlocked with the retraction amount ΔN by the retreat movement mechanism 21, and the urging force is controlled within a range not exceeding the predetermined amount. The feed driving means 25 controls the absolute feed amount ΔT1 so that the retraction amount ΔN does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

  As a result, the tool 7 is pressed by the jig 5 and the workpiece W held by the jig 5 while the cutting is being performed, and the workpiece 7 is processed while resisting the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 by the retreating movement mechanism 21. The tool 7 retreats in the actual feeding direction of the workpiece W (rightward in the X axis), but the tool 7 retreated by the retraction mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 as the machining with the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses. Moves in the return direction (left side of the X-axis) while being pressed by the workpiece W (the jig 5). Then, when the retraction amount ΔN by the retreat movement mechanism 21 becomes substantially zero, control is performed so as to finish the shaving process.

  That is, in this case as well, one of the tool 7 and the workpiece W (for example, the tool 7) is moved in the feed direction (in this case, the feed driving means 25) of the other (for example, the workpiece W) for advancing the machining. The cutting process can be advanced while buffering the excessive pressure applied to the processed part when the tool 7 presses the processed part by retreating in the same direction as that of the actual feed direction). .

  Further, the retraction amount ΔN is set to a desired value (the final machining amount or a value obtained by equally dividing the same), and when the retraction amount ΔN becomes (substantially) zero, the machining is finished (for one step). Therefore, it is possible to control the processing amount in units of microns, which is difficult with conventional grinding and cutting.

  FIG. 4 shows a case in which the shaving apparatus 1 is an apparatus such as lathe for rotating the cylindrical workpiece W, and the tool support 17 can be moved by the feed driving means 25 and the buffer mechanism. This is another example including 20 (the retreat movement mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23).

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the workpiece W has a cylindrical shape, and the driving means 9 is a motor or the like that rotationally drives a jig (such as a chuck) 5 that holds the workpiece W. The tool 7 is, for example, a cutting tool or the like, and is attached to the feed driving means 25 via the tool support portion 17. The feed driving means 25 moves the tool 7 in a direction along the X axis and Z axis shown in the figure, for example.

  The retreat movement mechanism 21 is provided on the tool support portion 17 side (for example, between the feed drive means 25 and the tool support portion 17), and the tool 7 and the workpiece W are compared with the actual feed amount ΔT1 by the feed drive means 25. The tool 7 is retreated in the direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 decreases (in this case, the direction opposite to the feed direction of the feed drive means 25).

  Further, the urging mechanism 23 is provided on the tool support portion 17 side (for example, between the feed driving means 25 and the tool support portion 17), and when the tool 7 is retracted by the retract movement mechanism 21, the retracting tool 7 is moved. It is urged in the return movement direction (feed direction of the feed drive means 25).

  When the jig 5 is rotationally driven by the driving means 9, the workpiece W rotates about the cylindrical axis. Then, the tool 7 is brought into contact with the workpiece W, and the tool 7 and the workpiece W are relatively moved (rotated) in the cutting direction, and a part of the workpiece W is scraped off.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5B, the feed drive means 25 moves the tool 7 relative to the workpiece W in a desired feed direction (in this example, the downward direction of the Z axis shown in the figure). To move). In this case, the retreat movement mechanism 21 is configured such that the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W decreases with respect to the actual feed amount ΔT1 by the feed drive unit 25 (feed of the feed drive unit 25). The tool 7 is retreated in the direction opposite to the direction (in this example, upward in the Z axis).

  Further, when the tool 7 is retracted by the retracting movement mechanism 21, the urging mechanism 23 moves the retracting tool 7 in the returning movement direction (the feeding direction of the feed driving means 25, in this example, the downward direction of the Z axis). Energize.

  In this case, as the machining with the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses, the retracted moving mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 move the retracted tool 7 in the return direction (downward in the Z axis).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, the feed driving means 25 moves the tool 7 relative to the workpiece W in a desired feed direction (in this example, the left direction of the X axis shown in the figure). When the retraction mechanism 21 is moved, the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W is decreased with respect to the actual feed amount ΔT1 by the feed drive unit 25 (feed drive unit). The tool 7 is retreated in the direction opposite to the feed direction 25 (in this example, the right direction of the X axis).

  Further, when the tool 7 is retracted by the retracting movement mechanism 21, the biasing mechanism 23 moves the retracting tool 7 in the return movement direction (the feeding direction of the feed driving means 25, in this example, the left direction of the X axis). Energize.

  In this case, as the machining process using the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses, the retracted moving mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 cause the retracted tool 7 to move in the return direction (leftward in the X axis).

  In this example, the feed driving means 25 can simultaneously move the tool 7 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction. In this case, the processes shown in FIGS. Done in parallel.

  From the relative difference between the retracted state and the feed state, the retracted state detector 111 for detecting the retracted state by the retracting movement mechanism 21, the feed state detector 113 for detecting the actual feed state by the feed driving unit 25, and A measuring means 11 having a calculating means 115 for calculating a relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W is provided. The specific configuration of the measuring means 11 is the same as that in the above embodiment.

  Similarly to the above embodiment, the urging force by the urging mechanism 23 is interlocked with the retraction amount ΔN by the retreat movement mechanism 21, and the urging force is controlled within a range not exceeding the predetermined amount. The feed driving means 25 controls the absolute feed amount ΔT1 so that the retraction amount ΔN does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

  As a result, the tool 7 is pressed by the jig 5 and the workpiece W held by the jig 5 while the cutting is being performed, and the workpiece 7 is processed while resisting the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 by the retreating movement mechanism 21. The workpiece W retreats in the relative feed direction (Z-axis upward in the figure (b) and X-axis right in the figure (c)), but as the machining by the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses. The retracted moving mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23 press the retracted tool 7 against the workpiece W (the jig 5), but return direction (in the same figure (b), below the Z axis, the same figure (c)). Then move to the left of the X axis). Then, when the retraction amount ΔN by the retreat movement mechanism 21 becomes substantially zero, control is performed so as to finish the shaving process.

  That is, in this case as well, one of the tool 7 and the workpiece W (for example, the tool 7) is moved relative to the feed driving means 25 in this case (for example, the workpiece W) for proceeding the cutting process. By performing the cutting process while retracting in the same direction as the general feed direction), the cutting process can be advanced while buffering the excessive pressure applied to the processed part when the tool 7 presses the processed part.

  Further, the retraction amount ΔN is set to a desired value (the final machining amount or a value obtained by equally dividing the same), and when the retraction amount ΔN becomes (substantially) zero, the machining is finished (for one step). Therefore, it is possible to control the processing amount in units of microns, which is difficult with conventional grinding and cutting.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the shaving apparatus 1 is an apparatus such as a milling machine that rotationally drives a tool 7 such as an end mill, and the table 3 that supports the jig 5 is provided with a buffer mechanism 20 (retraction movement mechanism). 21 and an urging mechanism 23) are shown.

  In this case, the tool 7 is an end mill, for example, and is attached to the driving means 9. The drive means 9 is a motor that rotates the tool 7 around its main axis (Z axis). The jig 5 is disposed so as to be relatively movable with respect to the table 3, and the workpiece W is placed on the holding portion 52 of the jig 5.

  The driving means 9 drives the tool 7 and the workpiece W so as to scrape a part of the workpiece W by moving the tool 7 and the workpiece W relative to each other in the cutting direction. The driving means 9 in this example is a rotational driving means for relatively rotating the tool 7 and the workpiece W in the cutting direction. For example, the driving means 9 is a motor that rotationally drives the tool 7 or the spindle of the tool 7. Thereby, the tool 7 is rotationally driven by the spindle around the vertical Z axis.

  The feed driving means 25 is provided on the table 3 in this example. The feed driving means 25 moves the tool 7 with respect to the workpiece W in a desired feed direction (in this example, the X-axis right direction in the figure). That is, when the feed driving means 25 moves the table 3 to the left of the illustrated X axis, for example, the workpiece W held by the jig 5 moves to the left of the X axis with respect to the tool 7, and the tool 7 moves relatively in the right direction of the X-axis shown in the figure.

  The retreat movement mechanism 21 is provided in the jig 5, and is a direction in which the relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W decreases with respect to the absolute feed amount ΔT1 by the feed driving means 25 (feed drive). The jig 5 is retreated in the direction opposite to the feeding direction of the means 25 (in this example, the right direction of the X axis).

  The urging mechanism 23 is provided, for example, between the table 3 and the jig 5. When the jig 5 and the workpiece W on it are retracted by the retracting movement mechanism 21, the biasing mechanism 23 ( The return movement direction (the feed direction of the feed drive means 25, in this example, the X-axis of the workpiece W) is moved to the return position (the return position P0 of the jig 5 on the table 3 shown in FIG. Energize left).

  In this case, as the machining with the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses, the retracted moving mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23 cause the retracted jig 5 (workpiece W) to move toward the return position P0. To do.

  From the relative difference between the retracted state and the feed state, the retracted state detector 111 for detecting the retracted state by the retracting movement mechanism 21, the feed state detector 113 for detecting the actual feed state by the feed driving unit 25, and A measuring means 11 having a calculating means 115 for calculating a relative feed amount ΔT2 between the tool 7 and the workpiece W is provided. The specific configuration of the measuring means 11 is the same as that in the above embodiment.

  Similarly to the above embodiment, the urging force by the urging mechanism 23 is interlocked with the retraction amount ΔN by the retreat movement mechanism 21, and the urging force is controlled within a range not exceeding the predetermined amount. The feed driving means 25 controls the absolute feed amount ΔT1 so that the retraction amount ΔN does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

  As a result, the workpiece W is pressed by the tool 7 while the cutting is being performed, and is opposite to the actual feed direction of the workpiece W while resisting the urging force of the urging mechanism 23 by the retraction mechanism 21. The workpiece W retreats in the direction (right side of the X axis), but the workpiece W (the jig 5 is retreated) by the retraction mechanism 21 and the urging mechanism 23 as the machining with the workpiece W and the tool 7 progresses. ) Is moved by the tool 7 in the direction of the return position P0 (to the left of the X axis). Then, when the retraction amount ΔN by the retreat movement mechanism 21 becomes substantially zero, control is performed so as to finish the shaving process.

  That is, also in this case, one of the tool 7 and the workpiece W (workpiece W) is fed to the feed direction of the other (tool 7) for advancing the machining (the feed direction relative to the feed drive means 25, X By performing the machining while retreating in the same direction as the axis right direction), the machining can be advanced while buffering the excessive pressure applied to the machining site when the tool 7 presses the machining site.

  Further, the retraction amount ΔN is set to a desired value (the final machining amount or a value obtained by equally dividing the same), and when the retraction amount ΔN becomes (substantially) zero, the machining is finished (for one step). Therefore, it is possible to control the processing amount in units of microns, which is difficult with conventional grinding and cutting.

  <Modification>

  As described above, in the present embodiment, an example in which the retracting movement mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 are configured separately has been described. However, the retracting movement mechanism 21 and the biasing mechanism 23 are integrated as the buffer mechanism 20. May be. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the jig 5 itself may be configured by an elastic body (such as rubber or a sponge-like resin material) having a buffer function, or in the example shown in FIG. Alternatively, the shank itself may be composed of an elastic body (such as rubber or a sponge-like resin material) having a buffer function.

  Further, in the present embodiment, an example of the cutting process (grinding process or cutting process) in which the tool (grindstone) 7 or the workpiece W is rotated at a high speed by the driving unit 9 to directly contact (press) both has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be similarly applied to a cutting process (grinding process or cutting process) in which a tool (grinding stone) 7 vibrated ultrasonically is directly brought into contact with (pressed on) the workpiece W.

  Further, the present invention can be similarly applied to a shaving process using loose abrasive grains (particularly, a shaving process in which a tool subjected to ultrasonic vibration is brought close to a workpiece and free abrasive grains are supplied therebetween).

  In the shaving process using ultrasonic vibration (both fixed abrasive grains and loose abrasive grains), the ultrasonic pressure is applied to the sound pressure and vibration and the pressure applied to the tool 7, and even in this case, There is a range of pressure (pressing force) at which processing proceeds most efficiently. In this case, since the sound pressure is also related to the pressure (pressing force), the feed driving means 25, the retreating movement mechanism 21, the urging mechanism 23, and the like are controlled in consideration of the sound pressure.

  Moreover, as the tool 7 of this embodiment, not only a grindstone (fixed abrasive grain) but cutting tools or grinding tools, such as a drill, an end mill, a polygonal pyramid tool (bite), a grinder (grinding machine), or a milling machine, are employable. .

  In addition, the machining of the present embodiment includes, for example, face milling, end milling, flat milling, plane cutting, side cutting, grooving, and turning (external rounding, milling) (machining, milling). It can be applied to machining such as chamfering, taper cutting, thread cutting, parting off, drilling, boring, etc.

  Further, it can be applied to grinding with fixed abrasive grains (cylindrical grinding, surface grinding (square table type, rotary table type), internal grinding, coreless grinding, etc.) and grinding with loose abrasive grains.

  Further, the buffer means 10 may be another spring without depending on the coil spring, or may be an elastic member such as sponge or resin. Further, it may be buffered by hydraulic pressure or pneumatic pressure. When the jig 5 includes the buffering means 10, the jig 5 may be made of an elastic material such as sponge or resin.

  As described above, the present embodiment has been described. However, the shaving apparatus 1 and the shaving method of the present invention are, for example, excessive pressure applied to the workpiece W when the tool 7 presses the workpiece portion W1 of the workpiece W. For example, the workpiece W may be scraped off until a desired shape is obtained by having a buffer mechanism 20 for buffering, or by advancing the cutting process while absorbing (absorbing) an excessive pressure by the buffer mechanism 20. That's fine.

  And what is necessary is just to perform control which keeps the pressure at the time of the tool 7 pressing the workpiece W as a result by the buffering of an excess pressure within the predetermined range where a cutting process advances efficiently.

  An example of the buffer mechanism 20 in this case is the above-described example as long as one of the tool 7 or the workpiece W is advanced in the cutting direction while being retracted in the same direction as the other feeding direction in which the cutting is advanced. Not limited to.

  Further, for example, the position of the part serving as a reference of the workpiece W is appropriately measured (for example, at the start of processing, during the processing, or at the end of processing) by the measuring means (for example, a micrometer, dial gauge, etc.) of the measuring means 11. By measuring the machining amount (cutting amount) as appropriate (as needed) and feeding back to the control means to appropriately control the feed driving means 25, the retracting movement mechanism 21, the urging mechanism 23, and the like. Thus, the cutting may be performed while maintaining the pressure within a predetermined range in which the processing efficiently proceeds.

  Further, the pressure at which the tool 7 and the workpiece W come into contact with each other is detected at an appropriate timing and fed back to the control means to appropriately control the feed driving means 25, the retracting movement mechanism 21, the urging mechanism 23, etc. The shaving may be performed while maintaining the pressure within a predetermined range in which the processing proceeds efficiently.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and technical idea thereof.

  Using the shaving apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, ultrafine cemented carbide was machined. The tool 7 is a φ50 (50 mm) diamond electroformed tool (diamond grindstone), and is milled (drilled) with a cutting amount in Z direction (cutting depth and pitch when cutting) of 10 μm and a cutting feed amount of 600 mm / min. , Upper side cutting, etc.). The tool contact area is the total contact of the entire area of the tool bottom surface with the workpiece.

  As a result, even when using a φ7 tool 7 that has been easy to cause slip due to a large reaction force in the past, one of the tool 7 and the workpiece W is the same as the other feed direction for advancing the machining. By performing the machining while retracting in the direction, the machining can be advanced while buffering the excessive pressure applied to the workpiece W when the tool 7 presses the workpiece W.

  As a result, the machining can proceed while maintaining within the pressure range where the machining is most efficiently proceeded, and the tool (grinding stone) 7 and the workpiece W are worn without causing abnormal noise or machining slip. Stable machining was possible for a long time while preventing unintended defects.

  Using the shaving apparatus 1 of this embodiment, tungsten carbide (WC) and silicon carbide (SiC) were processed. In either case, the tool 7 is a φ6 (6 mm) diamond electroformed tool (diamond grindstone), and is milled with a cutting amount in Z direction (cutting depth and pitch when cutting) of 10 μm and a cutting feed amount of 600 mm / min. (Drilling, top side cutting, etc.) were performed. The tool contact area is the total contact of the entire area of the tool bottom surface with the workpiece.

  The result is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a photograph of the appearance of the workpiece used for processing. FIGS. 6A to 6C show tungsten carbide, and FIGS. 6D to 6F show silicon carbide. Further, FIG. 4A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 4D, and FIG. 4E are appearance photographs of the shaving apparatus 1 and the workpiece W, and FIG. f) is an appearance photograph of the workpiece W after processing.

  Silicon carbide has a high hardness among ceramics, and tungsten carbide is a high-hardness material used for molds, both of which are materials with poor workability. We were able to process without any damage or damage to the workpiece.

  Specifically, when cutting is performed by conventional cutting (grinding) processing including ultrasonic processing, the amount of wear of the tool after processing occurs between 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm. According to the form, the amount of wear of the tool 7 after processing was about 27 μm in the case of tungsten carbide and about 9 μm in the case of silicon carbide.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 6C and FIG. 6F, when the processing surface is observed, the processing surface is close to polishing processing (polishing) rather than grinding processing, and the polishing level is fine. It can be said that the shaving is done.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing apparatus 3 Table 5 Jig 7 Tool 9 Driving means 10 Case 10 Buffer means 11 Measuring means 17 Tool support part 20 Buffer mechanism 21 Retraction movement mechanism 23 Energizing mechanism 25 Drive means 51 Base 52 Holding part 53 Support part 111 Retraction State detection means 113 State detection means 115 Calculation means 521 Holding surface 531 Outer cylinder 532 Inner cylinder 533 Elastic member 535 Stopper P0 Return position W Workpiece

(1) The present invention is a shaving apparatus for shaving a part of a workpiece to change it into a desired shape, a jig for holding the workpiece, and a tool for scraping the workpiece. Driving means for moving the tool and the workpiece relative to each other in a cutting direction to scrape a part of the workpiece, and for moving the tool in a desired feed direction with respect to the workpiece. And a feed driving means for moving one of the workpieces, and an actual feed amount by the feed drive means so that a relative feed amount between the tool and the workpiece is reduced. A retraction movement mechanism that retreats the other of the tool and the work piece in the feed direction, and the work piece or the tool that retreats when the work piece or the tool retreats by the retraction movement mechanism. Energize in the return movement direction Comprising a biasing mechanism that, to it is cutting machining apparatus characterized.

(2) The present invention also relates to the as machined cutting by the tool and the workpiece progresses, the retracting movement mechanism and Ri by the urging mechanism, the retracted movement workpiece or the tool is the feed direction The shaving apparatus according to (1) above, which moves in a reverse return direction.

(3) The present invention also provides a retracted state detecting means for detecting a retracted state by the retracting movement mechanism, a feed state detecting means for detecting an actual feed state by the feed driving means, the retracted state and the feed state. The cutting apparatus according to (1) or (2), further comprising a calculation unit that calculates the relative feed amount of the tool and the workpiece from a relative difference.

(5) The cutting apparatus according to (4), wherein the present invention also controls the actual feed amount by the feed driving means so that the retraction amount does not exceed a predetermined threshold value. It is.

(8) The present invention is also characterized in that the tool is moved in the feed direction by the feed driving means, and the jig includes the retracting movement mechanism and the biasing mechanism. A shaving apparatus according to any one of (7) to (7).

(11) The present invention is also a shaving method in which a part of a workpiece is scraped off and changed into a desired shape, the workpiece is held by a jig, and the tool and the workpiece are shaved. And a step of scraping a part of the workpiece by moving the tool relative to the workpiece, and a step of moving one of the tool and the workpiece to move the tool in a desired feed direction with respect to the workpiece. The other of the tool and the work piece is fed so that the relative feed amount between the tool and the work piece decreases with respect to the actual feed amount of the tool or the work piece. A step of retracting in the direction, and a step of urging the workpiece or the tool to be retracted in the return movement direction when the workpiece or the tool is retracted. It is a shaving method.

(12) The present invention also relates to the hand as the machining cutting by the tool and the workpiece progresses, the retracted movement workpiece or the tool is moved in the opposite return direction from said feeding direction, that The sharpening method according to (11) above, which is characterized.

(13) The present invention also includes a step of detecting a retracted state of the workpiece or the tool, a step of detecting an actual feed state of the workpiece or the tool, and a state of the retracted state and the feed state. from the relative difference, and a step of calculating the relative feed amount of the said tool workpiece, a cutting machining method according to (11) or (12), characterized in that.

(14) The shaving according to any one of (11) to (13), wherein the urging force for urging in the return movement direction is linked to the evacuation amount of the evacuation movement. It is a processing method.

(15) The cutting method according to (14), wherein the actual feed amount is controlled so that the retraction amount does not exceed a predetermined threshold value.

(20) The present invention is also a cutting method for cutting a part of a workpiece into a desired shape, and moving one of the tool and the workpiece in a feed direction so that the tool and the workpiece are moved. When the other side of the workpiece is retracted and moved in the same direction as the feed direction, when the tool presses the workpiece, the machining is advanced while the excessive pressure applied to the workpiece is buffered, and the desired The machining method is characterized in that the workpiece is scraped until the shape becomes.

(21) The present invention is also the cutting method according to (20), characterized in that the retreating movement continues during a period in which the cutting with the tool is in progress .

(23) The present invention is also the cutting method according to any one of the above (20) to (22), characterized in that the cutting of the workpiece is cutting or grinding.
(24) The present invention is also characterized in that the retraction movement by the retraction movement mechanism and the urging force by the urging mechanism are continued during the period during which the cutting with the tool is in progress. A shaving apparatus according to any one of (10) to (10).
( 25) The present invention also provides the machining method according to any one of (11) to (19), wherein the tool is moved in the feeding direction, and the jig is retracted. is there.
(26) In the present invention, any one of the above (11) to (19) and (25) is characterized in that the retreating movement and the urging are continued during the period during which the cutting with the tool is in progress. It is a shaving method described in the above.

Claims (23)

A shaving device for scraping a part of a workpiece to change it into a desired shape,
A jig for holding the workpiece;
A tool for scraping the workpiece;
Drive means for relatively moving the tool and the work piece in a cutting direction to cut off a part of the work piece;
A feed driving means for moving the tool or the workpiece to move the tool in a desired feeding direction with respect to the workpiece;
A retraction mechanism for retreating the workpiece or the tool in a direction in which a relative feed amount between the tool and the workpiece decreases with respect to an actual feed amount by the feed driving unit;
An urging mechanism that urges the workpiece or the tool to be retracted in a return movement direction when the workpiece or the tool is retracted by the retract movement mechanism;
A shaving apparatus characterized by that. As the machining with the workpiece and the tool progresses, the retracted movement mechanism and the biasing mechanism move the retracted workpiece or the tool in a return direction.
The shaving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: A retreat state detecting means for detecting a retreat state by the retreat movement mechanism;
A feed state detecting means for detecting an actual feed state by the feed driving means;
A calculating means for calculating the relative feed amount of the tool and the workpiece from a relative difference between the retracted state and the feed state;
The shaving apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the above. The urging force by the urging mechanism is linked to the evacuation amount by the evacuation movement mechanism.
The shaving apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Controlling the feed amount by the feed drive means so that the retraction amount does not exceed a predetermined threshold;
The shaving apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: When the retraction amount by the retraction movement mechanism becomes substantially zero, control is performed so as to end the machining or shift to the next machining.
The shaving apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by the above. The biasing force is controlled within a range not exceeding a desired amount;
The shaving apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The jig includes the retracting movement mechanism and the biasing mechanism.
The shaving apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The drive means is rotational drive means for relatively rotating the tool and the workpiece in a cutting direction.
The shaving apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein The tool is a cutting tool or a grinding tool,
The shaving apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that. A shaving method for shaving a part of a workpiece to change it into a desired shape,
Holding the workpiece with a jig, and relatively moving the tool and the workpiece in a cutting direction to scrape a part of the workpiece;
Moving the tool or the workpiece to move the tool in a desired feed direction relative to the workpiece;
Retreating the workpiece or the tool in a direction in which a relative feed amount between the tool and the workpiece decreases with respect to an actual feed amount of the tool or the workpiece; ,
Urging the workpiece or the tool to be retracted in the return movement direction when the workpiece or the tool is retracted; and
A shaving method characterized by that. As the machining with the workpiece and the tool progresses, the retreated workpiece or the tool moves in a return direction.
The cutting method according to claim 11, wherein: Detecting the retracted state of the workpiece or the tool;
Detecting an actual feed state of the workpiece or the tool;
Calculating a relative feed amount of the tool and the workpiece from a relative difference between the retracted state and the feed state,
The shaving method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that. The urging force for urging in the return movement direction is linked to the evacuation amount of the evacuation movement.
The shaving method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that: Controlling the feed amount so that the retraction amount does not exceed a predetermined threshold;
The cutting method according to claim 14, wherein: When the evacuation amount becomes substantially zero, the cutting process is finished, or the process proceeds to the next cutting process.
The cutting method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein Controlling the biasing force within a range not exceeding a desired amount;
The shaving method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein: The scraping of the workpiece is cutting or grinding,
The shaving method according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein: The work piece is cut off by rotating the tool or the work piece to drive the work piece.
The cutting method according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein: A shaving method for shaving a part of a workpiece to change it into a desired shape,
When the tool presses the workpiece, the machining is advanced while buffering excessive pressure applied to the workpiece, and the workpiece is scraped until the desired shape is obtained.
A shaving method characterized by that. Advancing the cutting while retreating one of the tool or the workpiece in the same direction as the other feed direction for advancing the cutting,
The shaving method according to claim 20, wherein: Performing control to maintain the pressure when the tool presses the workpiece within a predetermined range in which the machining efficiently proceeds;
The shaving method according to claim 20 or claim 21, wherein The scraping of the workpiece is cutting or grinding,
The shaving method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein: