JP2018534948A - トリの卵におけるウイルスの生産 - Google Patents
トリの卵におけるウイルスの生産 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018534948A JP2018534948A JP2018545531A JP2018545531A JP2018534948A JP 2018534948 A JP2018534948 A JP 2018534948A JP 2018545531 A JP2018545531 A JP 2018545531A JP 2018545531 A JP2018545531 A JP 2018545531A JP 2018534948 A JP2018534948 A JP 2018534948A
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- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(1)遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、卵中の抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させる遺伝子改変、並びに/又は、
(2)化合物を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、卵における抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させるか、及び/若しくは抗ウイルスタンパク質活性のレベルを減少させる、外因性化合物を備え、
卵は、アイソジェニック卵よりも多くのウイルスを産生することができる、トリの卵を提供する。
(1)遺伝子改変を含むトリの卵を得ること、
(2)卵にウイルスを播種すること、及び、
(3)所定の時間、ウイルスを複製するために卵を培養すること、を含む。
(1)トリの卵を得ること、
(2)化合物を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させるか、及び/又は卵における抗ウイルスタンパク質活性のレベルを減少させる化合物を投与すること、
(3)卵にウイルスを播種すること、並びに、
(4)所定の時間、ウイルスを複製するために卵を培養すること、を含む。
(1)本発明の方法を用いてウイルスを複製すること、
(2)卵に由来する複製されたウイルス、又はその粒子を収穫すること、及び、
(3)収集されたウイルスからワクチン組成物を調製すること、を含む。
(1)遺伝子改変をトリの細胞に導入すること、
(2)細胞からメスのトリを生産すること、
(3)メスのトリから1つ以上の卵を得ること、及び遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵よりも多くのウイルスを生産する能力に関して卵をスクリーニングすること、
(4)遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵よりも多くのウイルスを生産する遺伝子改変を有する卵を生産する、メスのトリを選択すること、並びに、
(5)随意に、メスのトリを用いてより多くのトリを繁殖させること、を含む。
特に定義されていない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、当業者に一般的に理解されるものと同じ意味を有するものとする(例えば、細胞培養、分子遺伝学、トランスジェニック鳥類、免疫学、免疫組織化学、精密ゲノム工学、タンパク質化学、生化学など)。
本明細書で用いられる場合、「抗ウイルス遺伝子」とは、あらゆる内因性のトリ遺伝子であり、あらゆる手段によって卵におけるウイルスの産生を制限する発現である。抗ウイルス遺伝子は、抗ウイルスタンパク質をコードすることができる。
ウイルス生産の増加は、遺伝的改変されたトリの卵及び/又は本明細書に定義される外因性化合物で処理されたトリの卵を使用することによって達成することができる。
遺伝子改変は、トリの卵における抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現、及び/又は抗ウイルス活性のレベルを低下させる、所望の効果を達成する天然のトリの卵、又はその親に対するあらゆる人工の変更であり得る。細胞を遺伝的に改変する方法は、当技術分野において周知である。一実施形態において、遺伝子改変は、点突然変異、挿入、又は欠失(若しくは、これらの一つ以上の組み合わせ)といった、遺伝子を部分的又は完全に不活性化する内因性遺伝子の突然変異である。点突然変異は、早期停止コドン(ナンセンス変異)、スプライス部位突然変異、欠失、フレームシフト突然変異、又は遺伝子若しくはコードされたポリペプチドの活性を低下させるアミノ酸置換変異であってもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、卵内の抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させる遺伝子改変は、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼを介してトリの卵、又は卵の親の母方及び/若しくは父方の生殖ラインに導入される。いくつかの実施形態において、その化合物を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合に抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させ、及び/又は卵内の抗ウイルスタンパク質活性レベルを減少させる外因性化合物は、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼである。
一実施形態において、遺伝子改変は、相同組換えによって導入される。相同組換えとは、二本鎖切断修復(DSBR)経路及び合成依存鎖アニーリング(SDSA経路)の使用を関与させることができる、2つの類似又は同一分子のDNA間でヌクレオチド配列を交換する遺伝子改変の一種である(Lodish et al.,2000;Weaver,2002)。相同組換えは、遺伝子又はその部分を削除するか、又は抗ウイルス遺伝子又はその調節領域への置換又は挿入を導入するために用いることができる。さらに、相同組換えを用いて導入遺伝子を挿入することもできる。相同組換えを用いて、当業者に公知のあらゆる方法によって、宿主細胞のDNAに遺伝子改変を導入することができる。一実施形態において、相同組換えは、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼによってトリガーされ得る。
一実施形態において、遺伝子改変は、好ましくはトリのゲノムに統合された、RNAi用のdsRNA分子をコードする導入遺伝子である。別の実施形態において、外因性化合物は、RNAi用のdsRNA分子、又はdsRNAをコードする導入遺伝子である(例えば、ウイルスなどの好適な発現ベクターに提供される)。
いくつかの実施形態において、外因性化合物は、小分子である。一実施形態において、小分子は抗ウイルスタンパク質に結合することによって、ウイルス感染したトリの卵において正常な機能を遂行するタンパク質の能力を低下させる。
一実施形態において、外因性化合物は、抗ウイルスタンパク質の活性を結合し、減少させるタンパク質である。一実施形態において、結合剤は、抗体又はその断片である。いくつかの実施形態において、抗体は、IFNAR1、IL−6、CNOT4、MDA5、IFNα、IFNβ、IFNγ、IFNλ、IFNAR2、UBE1DC1、GNAZ、CDX2、LOC100859339、IL28RA、ZFPM2、TRIM50、DNASEIL2、PHF21A、GAPDH、BACE2、HSBP1、PCGF5、IL−1RA、DDI2、CAPN13、UBA5、NPR2、IFIH1、LAMP1、EFR3A、ARRDC3、ABI1、SCAF4、GADL1、ZKSCAN7、PLVAP、RPUSD1、CYYR1、UPF3A、ASAP1、NXF1、TOP1MT、RALGAPB、SUCLA2、GORASP2、NSUN6、CELF1、ANGPTL7、SLC26A6、WBSCR27、SIL1、HTT、MYOC、TM9SF2、CEP250、FAM188A、BCAR3、GOLPH3L、HN1、ADCY7、AKAP10、ALX1、CBLN4、CRK、CXORF56、DDX10、EIF2S3、ESF1、GBF1、GCOM1、GTPBP4、HOXB9、IFT43、IMP4、ISY1、KIAA0586、KPNA3、LRRIQ1、LUC7L、MECR、MRPL12、POLR3E、PWP2、RPL7A、SERPINH1、SLC47A2、SMYD2、STAB1、TTK、WNT3、IFNGR1、IFNGR2、IL−10R2、IFNκ、IFNΩ、IL−1RB、及びXPO1遺伝子、並びに/若しくはタンパク質、又はそれらの対応する受容体若しくはアゴニストの、発現又は活性を方向付けるか、及び/又は減少させる。いくつかの実施形態において、結合剤は、IFNAR1、IL−6、CNOT4、MDA5、IFNα、IFNβ、IFNγ、IFNλ、IFNAR2、UBE1DC1、GNAZ、CDX2、LOC100859339、IL28RA、ZFPM2、TRIM50、DNASEIL2、PHF21A、GAPDH、BACE2、HSBP1、PCGF5、IL−1RA、DDI2、CAPN13、UBA5、NPR2、IFIH1、LAMP1、EFR3A、ARRDC3、ABI1、SCAF4、GADL1、ZKSCAN7、PLVAP、RPUSD1、CYYR1、UPF3A、ASAP1、NXF1、TOP1MT、RALGAPB、SUCLA2、GORASP2、NSUN6、CELF1、ANGPTL7、SLC26A6、WBSCR27、SIL1、HTT、MYOC、TM9SF2、CEP250、FAM188A、BCAR3、GOLPH3L、HN1、ADCY7、AKAP10、ALX1、CBLN4、CRK、CXORF56、DDX10、EIF2S3、ESF1、GBF1、GCOM1、GTPBP4、HOXB9、IFT43、IMP4、ISY1、KIAA0586、KPNA3、LRRIQ1、LUC7L、MECR、MRPL12、POLR3E、PWP2、RPL7A、SERPINH1、SLC47A2、SMYD2、STAB1、TTK、WNT3、IFNGR1、IFNGR2、IL−10R2、IFNκ、IFNΩ、IL−1RB、及びXPO1、又はこれらの受容体若しくはアゴニストのうち、2つ以上のあらゆる組み合わせに向けられた二重特異抗体である。一実施形態において、抗体は、トリの卵の細胞によって、(受動的又は積極的に)侵入又は取り込まれるように修飾された抗体である。一実施形態において、結合剤はB18Rではない。
鳥類及び/又はトリの卵への遺伝子改変の導入は、核酸構築物の使用を含むことができる。一実施形態において、核酸構築物は、導入遺伝子を含むことができる。本明細書で使用される場合、「ターゲット」「核酸構築物」は、例えば、本明細書に定義される二本鎖RNA分子、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼ又はベクター中の興味のあるポリヌクレオチド「ガイド」を含むRNA、DNA、又はRNA/DNAハイブリッド配列をコードする任意の核酸分子を指す。典型的には、核酸構築物は二本鎖DNA又は二本鎖RNA又はそれらの組合せであろう。さらに、核酸構築物は、典型的には、ポリヌクレオチドをコードするオープンリーディングフレームに動作可能に連結された適切なプロモーターを含む。核酸構築物は、例えば、二本鎖RNA分子の第1の一本鎖をコードする第1のオープンリーディングフレームを含み、相補的(2番目)鎖は、異なる、好ましくは同一の核酸構築物によって第2のオープンリーディングフレームによってコードされる。核酸構築物は、直線状の断片又は環状分子であってもよく、また、複製が可能であるか否かを問わない。熟練者は、本発明の核酸構築物が適当なベクター内に含まれ得ることを理解するであろう。核酸構築物を受容細胞にトランスフェクション又は変換することにより、核酸構築物によってコードされるRNA又はDNA分子を発現させることができる。
「トランスジェニック鳥類」は、細胞の1つ以上又は全部が遺伝子改変を含む鳥類を指す。「遺伝子改変」の例は、遺伝子及び/又は調節領域における欠失、置換又は挿入に限定されるものではない。「挿入」には、単一ヌクレオチドの挿入又は核酸構築物(「遺伝子導入遺伝子」)の挿入に限定されるものではない。一実施形態において、遺伝子改変はトランスジェニック鳥類の生殖系列にある。一実施形態において、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼを用いて作製された遺伝子改変は、機能性タンパク質が産生されないような内因性の鳥抗ウイルス遺伝子のコード領域を変化させ、又はコードされたタンパク質が活性を低下させる。遺伝子改変は染色体外であるか、又は卵の核又はミトコンドリアゲノムに組み込まれる。
本発明のトリの卵において産生されるウイルスは、トリの卵中に新たなウイルス粒子を複製し、生成することができる任意のウイルスを含む。このようなウイルスにはDNA及びRNAウイルスが含まれる。一実施形態において、ウイルスは動物ウイルスである。一実施形態において、動物ウイルスはヒトウイルスである。一実施形態において、ウイルスは非ヒトウイルスである。一実施形態において、ウイルスは鳥ウイルスである。
トリの卵でウイルスを複製し、これらの卵からワクチンを製造する方法は、70年以上にわたり、この技術分野でよく知られている。例えば、インフルエンザワクチン組成物を製造する従来の方法は、典型的には、胚形成鶏卵におけるウイルスの増殖を含む。次いで、この方法によって増殖させたウイルスは、例えば弱毒化ウイルスを産生するために使用され、全ウイルス又はサブユニットのワクチン組成物を死滅させる。インフルエンザワクチン組成物の製造方法の1つは、10〜11日齢の鶏卵に生インフルエンザウイルスを接種することである。この接種ワクチンウイルスを、ウイルスの豊富な尿中液(Hoffmann et al., 2002)の収穫前にウイルス複製を可能にするために、所定期間、例えば2日以上インキュベートする。一例において、所定時間は少なくとも12時間、少なくとも24時間、少なくとも18時間、少なくとも24時間、少なくとも48時間、少なくとも72時間若しくは少なくとも4日間、少なくとも5日間、少なくとも6日間、少なくとも7日間、少なくとも8日間、少なくとも9日間又は少なくとも10日間である。
複製されたウイルス又はその粒子(分裂ウイルス粒子やサブユニットウイルス粒子など)は、熟練者に公知の任意の方法によって卵の卵、好ましくは卵の尿中の流体から収穫することができる。例えば、複製されたウイルス又はその粒子の収穫は、明確化、濃度、不活性化、ヌクレアーゼ処理、分離/精製、研磨及び無菌濾過の1つ以上のステップを含むことができる(Wolf et al., 2008; Wolf et al., 2011; Kalbfuss et al., 2006; Josefsberg et al., 2012)。一実施例において、遠心分離、微小濾過及び/又は深さ濾過によって明らかにする。一実施例において、濃縮は遠心分離、限外濾過、沈殿、モノ石及び/又は膜吸着器によって行われる。一実施例において、不活性化はUV、熱又は化学処理によって行われる。不活性化の化学的形態としては、ホルマリン、バイナリーエチレンイミン、βプロピオラクトンなどが挙げられる。一実施形態において、ヌクレアーゼ処理はベンゾナーゼによる処理である。一実施例において、分離/精製は超遠心分離(密度勾配例)、ビーズクロマトグラフ(例えば、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー、イオン交換クロマトグラフィー又はアフィニティークロマトグラフィー)、及び/又は膜吸着器(例えばイオン交換クロマトグラフィー又はアフィニティークロマトグラフィー)によって行われる。一実施例において、研磨は限外濾過及び/又は濾過によって行われる。一実施例において、ウイルス又はウイルス粒子は、アルコール又はポリエチレングリコール沈殿によって濃縮され得る。一実施例において、複製されたウイルス又はそれらの粒子の収穫は、Grein et al. (2013)に記載されるように、膜の使用を含む。
ChIFNα、ChIFNβ、ChIFNγ、及びChIFNλのORFを、pQE50発現系を用いてTop F’10エシェリキア・コリ(大腸菌)に発現させ、IPTGを用いた誘導後に、Ni‐NTA‐アガロースを用いて精製し精製した。rchIFNの生物活性をウイルス中和アッセイ(Lowenthal et al., 1995)を用いて測定した。rchIFNは、濃度範囲にわたって細胞を保護するため、生物学的に活性(図1)である。
抗ウイルス機能をもつ遺伝子候補を同定するために、一連の遺伝子を小干渉RNA(siRNA)アッセイにより評価した。DF‐1細胞を、トリインフルエンザ(AI)ウイルスの感染前に、siRNAの多重(スマートプール)をsiRNAでトランスフェクトした。結果は、KD後のウイルス価が細胞に対して明白な毒性効果を示さないことを示した(図4)。少なくともいくつかの例では明らかな影響は認められなかったが、これは、効率的なKDを産生するのに充分な早期にsiRNAが投与されないためであろう(例えば、抗IL6抗体データを考えると、図4のIL−6siRNAデータを説明するであろう)。CNOT4、IFNAR、又はMDA5に対して、個々のスマートプールsiRNAの細胞生存性及び遺伝子サイレンシングに対する効果を評価した(図5)。
卵分析において、siRNAを、合計200μLのポリマーの4:1のモル比で、2nmolのsiRNAへABA−21/117Q/PFポリマー(ABA−21/117Q;PolyFluor570染料ラベルのないポリマー)と複合体として送達した。錯体は、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)の存在下で水溶液中で形成された。水に再懸濁させた必要量のポリマー(316μg)をチューブに加え、ボルテックスにより混合した。次いで、siControl30μg又はsiAntIFNAR1 24.5μgに相当する合計2nmolを試験管に加え、試料をボルテックスした。錯体を室温で1時間継続した。複合体を、皮質尿液中に直接注入した。48時間後にウイルスを注射し、ウイルス感染後24時間後に採取した。結果は、IFNAR1(図6及び図7)のKD後のウイルス増殖の増加を示した。
ニワトリインターフェロン(アルファ、ベータ、オメガ)受容体1、IFNAR1(遺伝子番号:395665)の永久的欠失がウイルス収量に及ぼす影響を調べる;ニワトリ胚線維芽細胞(DF−1)の連続細胞株からのKO細胞株が発生した。微生物クラスタ化した周期的に間隔を置いた短いパリンドローム反復(CRISPR/Cas9)系からRNA誘導Cas9ヌクレアーゼを用いて2つの異なる単一ガイドRNA(sgRNA)を二本鎖切断を生成するために設計した。sgRNAは(Ran et al., 2013)に従ってクローニングされ、対応する構築物は、約200bbの欠失をコードするDF−1細胞に、完全に転写開始部位(TSS)及びIFNAR1前駆体のエキソン1を除去した。BD FACS Aria IITM細胞ソーターを用いて選別後単離した。ゲノムPCRスクリーニング後に各クローンの欠失を同定し、野生型と単アレル性及び対立遺伝子標的細胞株を区別した。
ヒトHeLa細胞におけるヘンドラウイルス(HeV)感染に必要なタンパク質を調べるsiRNAスクリーニングにおいて、ウイルス産生に関連する多数の遺伝子が同定された。HeLa細胞(ATCC CCL−2)(Eagles改良イーグル培地;EMEM)を、10% v/v胎児ウシ血清(FBS)、10mM HEPES、2mM L−グルタミン及び100U/mLペニシリン、及び100μg/mLストレプトマイシン(P/S;Life Technologies)を添加した成長培地中で維持した。HeLa細胞(7x104)を、Opti−MEM(Life Technologies)中のDharmafect−1(GE Life Sciences)を用いて、一晩逆トランスフェクトし、培地を除去し、トランスフェクション培地(増殖培地から抗生物質)及び細胞をさらに24時間インキュベートした。培地をトランスフェクション後約6時間(h.p.t.)交換し、さらに18時間インキュベートした。次いで、細胞をヘンドラウイルス(HeV)に感染させた(ヘンドラウイルス/オーストラリア/ウマ/1994/ヘンドラ)。50%組織培養感染量(TCID50)について、組織培養上清の10倍希釈を96ウェル組織培養中で培地中で作製した。プレートを37℃及び5% CO2で3日間(ハイブ)インキュベートし、細胞変性効果をスコア化した。感染力価はReed and Muench(1938)法により計算した。サイレンシングされた遺伝子に対するウイルス複製を非標的siRNA制御(サイド)と比較した。ウイルス複製の有意な増加は多数の遺伝子(図9及び表2参照)のサイレンシングにより観察された。ADCY7のサイレンシングは、ウイルス量の最大増加を示した(表2参照)。
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Claims (34)
- トリの卵であって、
(1)遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、卵における抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させる遺伝子改変、並びに/又は、
(2)外因性化合物であって、当該化合物を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、卵における抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させるか、及び/又は抗ウイルスタンパク質活性のレベルを減少させる、外因性化合物
を含み、前記卵は、アイソジェニック卵よりも多くのウイルスを産生することができる、トリの卵。 - 前記抗ウイルス遺伝子及び/又はタンパク質が、以下の:IFNAR1、IL−6、CNOT4、MDA5、IFNα、IFNβ、IFNγ、IFNλ、BACE2、UBA5、ZFPM2、TRIM50、DDI2、NPR2、CAPN13、DNASE1L2、PHF21A、PCGF5、IL28RA、IFIH1、IL−1RA、LAMP1、EFR3A、ABI1、GADL1、PLVAP、CYYR1、ASAP1、NXF1、NSUN6、ANGPTL7、SIL1、BCAR3、GOLPH3L、HN1、ADCY7、CBLN4、CXORF56、DDX10、EIF2S3、ESF1、GCOM1、GTPBP4、IFT43、KPNA3、LRRIQ1、LUC7L、MRPL12、POLR3E、PWP2、RPL7A、SMYD2、XPO1、及びZKSCAN7のうち1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、又はそれより多くから選択される、請求項1に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記抗ウイルス遺伝子及び/又はタンパク質が、以下:IFNAR1、IL−6、CNOT4、MDA5、IFNα、IFNβ、IFNγ、及びIFNλのうちの1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ又は全てから選択される、請求項1又は2に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記遺伝子改変が、前記卵のゲノム内に存在する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記遺伝子改変が、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼによって導入された、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ヌクレアーゼが、RNA誘導操作ヌクレアーゼ(RGEN)、転写活性化因子様ヌクレアーゼ(TALEN)、及びジンクフィンガーヌクレアーゼ(ZFN)から選択される、請求項5に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ヌクレアーゼが、RNA誘導操作ヌクレアーゼ(RGEN)である、請求項6に記載のトリの卵。
- 導入した前記ヌクレアーゼが、欠失、置換、又は挿入を前記抗ウイルス遺伝子又はその調節領域へ導入した、請求項4から7のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記遺伝子改変が、前記卵における抗ウイルス遺伝子の前記発現を減少させるポリヌクレオチドをコードする導入遺伝子である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチドが、前記抗ウイルス遺伝子、二本鎖RNA分子、又はそれに由来する処理されたRNA分子によってコードされたタンパク質を結合するポリペプチドをコードする、アンチセンスポリヌクレオチド、センスポリヌクレオチド、マイクロRNA、ポリヌクレオチドである、請求項9に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記外因性化合物が、炭素系小分子、タンパク質結合剤、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼ、ポリヌクレオチド、又はこれらのうち2つ以上の組合せである、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記タンパク質結合剤又は前記ポリヌクレオチドが、前記卵へ投与される導入遺伝子から発現される、請求項11に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記導入遺伝子が、前記卵において培養されるウイルス中に存在する、請求項12に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記タンパク質結合剤が、抗体である、請求項11から13のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ウイルスが、動物ウイルスである、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記動物が、ヒトである、請求項15に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ウイルスが、オルトミクソウイルス科、ヘルペスウイルス科、パラミクソウイルス科、フラビウイルス科、及びコロナウイルス科から選択される科である、請求項15又は請求項16に記載のトリの卵。
- インフルエンザウイルス、イヌジステンパーウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、レオウイルス、東部ウマ脳炎ウイルス、イヌパラインフルエンザウイルス、狂犬病ウイルス、鶏痘ウイルス、西部ウマ脳炎ウイルス、ムンプスウイルス、ウマ脳脊髄炎、風疹ウイルス、軟卵症候群ウイルス、トリ腫瘍退縮ウイルス、トリ感染性喉頭気管炎ヘルペスウイルス、ニューカッスル病ウイルス、ウシパラインフルエンザウイルス、天然痘ウイルス、伝染性ファブリキウス嚢病ウイルス、ウシイバラキウイルス、組換えポックスウイルス、トリアデノウイルスI型、II型、又はIII型、ブタ日本脳炎ウイルス、黄熱病ウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス、シンドビスウイルス、感染性気管支炎ウイルス、セムリキ森林ウイルス、脳脊髄炎ウイルス、ベネズエラEEVウイルス、ニワトリ貧血ウイルス、マレック病ウイルス、パルボウイルス、口蹄疫ウイルス、ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群ウイルス、ブタコレラウイルス、ブルータングウイルス、カバネウイルス(Kabane virus)、伝染性サケ貧血ウイルス、伝染性造血器壊死症ウイルス、ウイルス性出血性敗血症ウイルス(Viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus)、並びに伝染性膵臓壊死症ウイルスから選択される、請求項17に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ウイルスが、インフルエンザウイルスである、請求項18に記載のトリの卵。
- 鶏卵である、請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- 前記ウイルスを含む、請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵。
- ウイルスを複製する方法であって、
(1)遺伝子改変を含む請求項1から20のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵を得ること、
(2)当該卵にウイルスを播種すること、及び、
(3)所定の時間にわたり卵を培養して、ウイルスを複製させること、を含む、方法。 - ウイルスを複製する方法であって、
(1)トリの卵を得ること、
(2)化合物であって、当該化合物を欠くアイソジェニック卵と比較した場合、抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させるか、及び/又は卵における抗ウイルスタンパク質活性のレベルを減少させるところの化合物を投与すること、
(3)卵にウイルスを播種すること、並びに、
(4)所定の時間、卵を培養して、ウイルスを複製させること
を含む、方法。 - 前記卵由来の前記複製したウイルス又はその粒子をさらに含む、請求項22又は請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記収穫が、前記卵から前記尿膜腔液を得ることを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から21のいずれか一項に記載のトリの卵を用いることか、及び/又は請求項22から25のいずれか一項に記載の方法を用いることで産生される、ウイルス。
- ワクチン組成物を生産する方法であって、
(1)請求項22から25のいずれか一項に記載の方法を用いてウイルスを複製すること、
(2)卵に由来する複製されたウイルス、又はその粒子を収穫すること、及び、
(3)収集されたウイルスからワクチン組成物を調製すること、を含む、方法。 - ステップ(2)又はステップ(3)が、前記ウイルスを不活化することを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 請求項27又は請求項28に記載の方法を用いて製造したワクチン組成物。
- 遺伝子改変は、遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック鳥類によって生産された卵と比較して、前記鳥類によって生産された卵における抗ウイルス遺伝子の発現を減少させる、遺伝子改変を備えるトランスジェニック鳥類。
- (1)遺伝子改変をトリの細胞に導入すること、
(2)細胞からメスのトリを生産すること、
(3)メスのトリから1つ以上の卵を得ること、及び遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵よりも多くのウイルスを生産する能力に関して卵をスクリーニングすること、
(4)遺伝子改変を欠くアイソジェニック卵よりも多くのウイルスを生産する遺伝子改変を有する卵を生産する、メスのトリを選択すること、並びに、
(5)随意に、メスのトリを用いてより多くのトリを繁殖させること、を含む、請求項30に記載のトリを生産する方法。 - 前記遺伝子改変が、前記細胞の前記ゲノムである、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子改変が、プログラム可能なヌクレアーゼによって導入される、請求項31又は請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記トリが、ニワトリである、請求項31から33のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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