JP2018515674A - 塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩処理を含む、グリセリド油精製法 - Google Patents
塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩処理を含む、グリセリド油精製法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018515674A JP2018515674A JP2017561284A JP2017561284A JP2018515674A JP 2018515674 A JP2018515674 A JP 2018515674A JP 2017561284 A JP2017561284 A JP 2017561284A JP 2017561284 A JP2017561284 A JP 2017561284A JP 2018515674 A JP2018515674 A JP 2018515674A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- quaternary ammonium
- ammonium salt
- ion
- ions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title description 22
- -1 Alkoxide ion Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- RZWHKKIXMPLQEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloropropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)Cl RZWHKKIXMPLQEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940104261 taurate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940022036 threonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940009098 aspartate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 240
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 240
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 51
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
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- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- DQKGOGJIOHUEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;carbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)CCO DQKGOGJIOHUEGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HMBHAQMOBKLWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)O)COC2=C1 HMBHAQMOBKLWRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005083 alkoxyalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940075419 choline hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CCl SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 12
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 208000015707 frontal fibrosing alopecia Diseases 0.000 description 7
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DYPJJAAKPQKWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(Cl)CO DYPJJAAKPQKWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol Chemical compound ClCC(O)CCl DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N arachidonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O YZXBAPSDXZZRGB-DOFZRALJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001269 time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004952 protein activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021067 refined food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M serinate Chemical compound OCC(N)C([O-])=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019149 tocopherols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N trans-vaccenic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UWHZIFQPPBDJPM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M valinate Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)C([O-])=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin A aldehyde Natural products O=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C NCYCYZXNIZJOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008170 walnut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
- C11B3/14—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation with the use of indifferent gases or vapours, e.g. steam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
・低レベル(0.5〜1.5mg/kg):菜種油、大豆油、ココナツ油、ヒマワリ油
・中レベル(1.5〜4mg/kg):紅花油、落花生油、トウモロコシ油、オリーブ油、綿実油、米ぬか油
・高レベル(>4mg/kg):水素化脂肪、パーム油、およびパーム油フラクション、固形の揚げ物油。
(i)グリセリド油を、塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩を含有する液体と接触させて、処理されたグリセリド油を形成する工程、ここで第四級アンモニウム塩は、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオン、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、セリン酸イオン、プロリン酸イオン、ヒスチジン酸イオン、トレオニン酸イオン、バリン酸イオン、アスパラギン酸イオン、タウリン酸イオン、およびリシン酸イオンから選択される塩基性アニオンと、第四級アンモニウムカチオンとを含有し、
(ii)処理されたグリセリド油を、第四級アンモニウムカチオンを含有する塩から分離する工程、および
(iii)処理されたグリセリド油を、分離工程後に、少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程に供する工程、
を含む、グリセリドを精製する方法をもたらす。
[N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rd)]+
から選択され、上記式中、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、C1〜C8アルキルから選択され、ここで1つ以上のRa、Rb、RcおよびRdは任意で、C1〜C4アルコキシ、C2〜C8アルコキシアルコキシ、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、−OH、−SH、−CO2Reおよび−OC(O)Reから選択される1〜3個の基、例えば1〜3個の−OH基によって窒素原子と結合されていない炭素原子のところで置換されていてよく、ここでReは、C1〜C6アルキルである。
[N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rd)]+
から選択されており、上記式中、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、sec−ブチル、イソブチルおよびtert−ブチルを含むC1〜C4アルキルから選択され、ここでRa、Rb、RcまたはRdのうち少なくとも1つは、1つの−OH基によってそれぞれ置換されている。置換されたRa、Rb、RcまたはRdは好ましくは、2−ヒドロキシエチル、2−ヒドロキシプロピル、または2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチルエチルである。
(a)コリン脂肪酸塩を、炭酸と接触させる工程、および
(b)コリン重炭酸塩を、工程(a)で形成されたFFAから分離する工程
を含む。
パーム油の酸価(mg KOH/油1g)、およびFFA含分(質量%)の一般的な特定法。
56.1×N×V/m
上記式中、
56.1は、水酸化カリウムの分子量(g/mol)であり、
Vは、使用する水酸化カリウム溶液の体積(ml)であり、
Nは、水酸化カリウム溶液の規定度(mol/l)であり、
mは、パーム油試料の質量(g)である。
質量%FFA=酸価×0.479
測定されたFFA含分が3.8質量%である生のパーム油(CPO)の試料1kgを、サーモスタット制御式水浴中で50℃に加熱した。それから、均質化したCPOを、2lの撹拌式タンク反応器(その内部で反応器の温度は、循環加熱油によって50℃に維持された)に加えた。それから、CPOのFFA含分に対するコリン重炭酸塩(Sigma-Aldrich UKによる、水中で80質量%のもの)の化学量論量を、1分あたり1〜2mlの速度で反応容器に導入した。この混合物を、機械的なオーバーヘッドスターラを用いて500min-1で1時間、撹拌した。その後、この混合物を4000min-1で3分間、遠心分離して、第四級アンモニウム脂肪酸塩を含有する相と、処理されたCPO相とを分離した。
測定されたFFA含分が3.78質量%である例1で使用したのと同じCPOの試料を、以下の表1で規定した工業的に標準な条件を用いて脱ガム、漂白、および脱臭を伴う慣用の物理的な精製法により精製した。精製した油について質的なパラメータ(リンの値を含む)を特定した。その結果は以下の表2に、使用した測定手法とともに示してある。
例1からの、第四級アンモニウム塩処理されたパーム油の試料を、先の表1で規定した条件を用いて脱ガム、漂白および脱臭にかけた。精製した油について質的なパラメータ(リンの値を含む)を特定した。その結果は以下の表2に、使用した測定手法とともに示してある。
漂白工程および脱ガム工程無しで、例3を繰り返した。第四級アンモニウム塩処理し、脱臭した油について、質的なパラメータ(リンの値を含む)を特定した。その結果は以下の表2に、使用した測定手法とともに示してある。
測定されたFFA含分が3.97質量%であるCPOの試料を、先の表1で規定した条件を用いて脱ガム、漂白、および脱臭を伴う慣用の物理的な精製法により精製した。質的なパラメータは、油の精製前、および精製後に特定した。その結果は以下の表3に、使用した測定手法とともに示してある。精製油の官能試験は、KIN GmbH Lebensmittel Instituteで、色、味、外観、および臭いを、BVL L 00.90-6に記載された方法(Beuth-Verlagが管理するオンラインデータベースで公開:“Official Collection of Testing Methods according to § 64 LFGB, § 35 of the Draft Tobacco Regulation and pursuant to § 28b of the Genetic Engineering Act”)に従って判断する4人の試験パネリストによっても行った。試験者は、それぞれのパラメータについて1〜5(1/2=消費に不向き、3=充分、4=良好、5=優秀)というグレードで判断し、判断の平均値および中央値を、各パラメータについての最終的な結果として示した。通常、市販に受け入れられると考えられる油の試料のためには、各パラメータについて4または5の値が必要とされる。その結果は、以下の表4に記載されている。
例5で使用したのと同じCPOの試料4kgを、サーモスタット制御式の水浴で50℃に加熱し、それから撹拌式タンク反応器(その内部で反応器の温度は、循環加熱油によって50℃に維持された)に加えた。それから、CPOのFFA含分に対するコリン重炭酸塩(Sigma-Aldrich UKによる、水中で80質量%のもの)の化学量論量を、1分あたり1〜2mlの速度で反応容器に導入した。この混合物を、機械的なオーバーヘッドスターラを用いて500min-1で1時間、撹拌した。その後、この混合物を4000min-1で3分間、遠心分離して、第四級アンモニウムFFA塩を含有する相と、処理されたパーム油相とを分離した。分離された油相を滴定したところ、FFA含分は0.05質量%であることが判明した。
例6の二段階の脱臭を繰り返したのだが、第二の脱臭段階を180℃の温度ではなく、200℃で行った。
例6からの、第四級アンモニウム塩処理されたパーム油の試料を、先に表1に記載したように脱ガム工程および漂白工程に供し、それから例6の二段階の脱臭を行った。
Claims (24)
- グリセリド油を精製する方法であって、以下の工程:
(i)グリセリド油を、塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩を含有する液体と接触させて、処理されたグリセリド油を形成する工程、ここで塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩は、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオン、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、セリン酸イオン、プロリン酸イオン、ヒスチジン酸イオン、トレオニン酸イオン、バリン酸イオン、アスパラギン酸イオン、タウリン酸イオン、およびリシン酸イオンから選択される塩基性アニオンと、第四級アンモニウムカチオンとを含有し、
(ii)グリセリド油を第四級アンモニウム塩と接触させた後に、処理されたグリセリド油を、第四級アンモニウムカチオンを含有する塩から分離する工程、および
(iii)処理されたグリセリド油を、分離工程後に、少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程に供する工程
を含む、前記方法。 - 少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程が、脱ガム、漂白、脱ろう、脱色、および脱臭から選択され、ここで好ましくは、少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程が脱臭を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程が、脱臭工程、好ましくは水蒸気ストリッピングを伴う脱臭工程を含み、該脱臭工程は、160℃〜270℃の温度、好ましくは160℃〜240℃の温度、より好ましくは170℃〜190℃の温度で行われる、請求項2記載の方法。
- 前記方法はさらに、グリセリド油の少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程を含み、該精製工程は、工程(i)における塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩による処理より前に行われ、ここで好ましくは少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程は、漂白および/または脱ガムから選択される、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程が、漂白土による漂白工程である、請求項4記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのさらなる精製工程(iii)が脱臭工程を含み、前記方法は、脱ガム工程および/または漂白工程を含まない、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(ii)で分離される塩が、塩化物アニオンを含有する、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(ii)で分離される塩が、遊離脂肪酸のアニオンを含有する、請求項1から6までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 接触工程を80℃未満、好ましくは25〜65℃、より好ましくは35〜55℃の温度で行う、請求項1から8までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 第四級アンモニウムカチオンが、
[N(Ra)(Rb)(Rc)(Rd)]+
から選択され、上記式中、Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、C1〜C8アルキルから選択され、ここでRa、Rb、RcまたはRdのうち1つ以上は任意で、C1〜C4アルコキシ、C2〜C8アルコキシアルコキシ、C3〜C6シクロアルキル、OH、SH、CO2ReおよびOC(O)Reから選択される1〜3個の基によって窒素原子と結合されていない炭素原子のところで置換されていてよく、ここでReは、C1〜C6アルキルである、
請求項1から9までのいずれか1項記載の方法。 - Ra、Rb、RcおよびRdはそれぞれ独立して、C1〜C4アルキルから選択され、ここでRa、Rb、RcまたはRdのうち少なくとも1つは、1つの−OH基によってそれぞれ置換されている、請求項10記載の方法。
- 第四級アンモニウムカチオンがコリン:
(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OH
である、請求項11記載の方法。 - 塩基性アニオンが、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオンおよび炭酸イオンから選択され、ここで好ましくは塩基性アニオンが、炭酸水素イオンである、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(i)で接触させる第四級アンモニウム塩が、重炭酸コリン:
(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OH HOCOO-
である、請求項13記載の方法。 - 塩基性アニオンが、水酸化物イオンおよびアルコキシドイオンから選択され、ここで好ましくは塩基性アニオンが水酸化物イオンである、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(i)で接触させる塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩が、水酸化コリン:
(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OH OH-
である、請求項15記載の方法。 - 塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩を含有する液体が溶媒を含有し、該液体中の第四級アンモニウム塩の濃度が、15質量%〜90質量%であり、ここで好ましくは前記溶媒が水性溶媒である、請求項1から16までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩を含有する液体が、溶媒、好ましくは水性溶媒を含有し、ここで前記液体中の第四級アンモニウム塩の濃度は、50質量%〜90質量%、好ましくは75質量%〜85質量%である、請求項13または14記載の方法。
- 塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩を含有する液体が、溶媒、好ましくは水性溶媒を含有し、ここで前記液体中の第四級アンモニウム塩の濃度は、15質量%〜60質量%、好ましくは40質量%〜50質量%である、請求項15または16記載の方法。
- グリセリド油が植物油であり、ここで好ましくは該植物油が、ココナツ油、トウモロコシ油、綿実油、落花生油、オリーブ油、パーム油、菜種油、米ぬか油、紅花油、大豆油、およびヒマワリ油、またはこれらの混合物から選択される、より好ましくは、ここで前記植物油がパーム油である、請求項1から19までのいずれか1項記載の方法。
- グリセリド油を加熱する際に、クロロプロパノールおよび/またはグリシドールの脂肪酸エステルの形成を防止または低減させるための、グリセリド油を、塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩と接触させる使用であって、ここで塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩が、水酸化物イオン、アルコキシドイオン、アルキル炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、炭酸イオン、セリン酸イオン、プロリン酸イオン、ヒスチジン酸イオン、トレオニン酸イオン、バリン酸イオン、アスパラギン酸イオン、タウリン酸イオン、およびリシン酸イオンから選択される塩基性アニオンと、第四級アンモニウムカチオンとを含有する、前記使用。
- 接触を、グリセリド油を100℃超の温度に加熱するより前に行う、請求項21記載の使用。
- グリセリド油が、請求項20で規定されたものである、請求項21または22記載の使用。
- 塩基性第四級アンモニウム塩が、請求項10から16までのいずれか1項で規定されたものである、請求項21から23までのいずれか1項記載の使用。
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BR112017025149A2 (pt) | 2018-08-07 |
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