JP2018113162A - Lightning suppression lightning arrester - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lightning suppression lightning arrester arranged so as to be able to effectively protect a whole protected body against a lightning strike by forming a protection region fitting the structure and shape of the protected body to protect against a lightning strike.SOLUTION: A lightning suppression lightning arrester comprises: a charged body 2 formed by a conductive material provided so as to cover a protected body B set on the ground G; an electrically insulative layer 3 for holding the charged body 2 in the state of being electrically insulated from the ground G and the protected body B; a capacitor 4 set on the ground G, and arranged so as to be able to store an electric charge by an electrostatic capacitance between the ground and itself; and a conductor 5 for electrically connecting between the charged body 2 and a second electrode body 4b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a lightning-suppressing lightning arrester for protecting a protected body such as a building or equipment from lightning damage by suppressing lightning.

  Lightning strikes are discharge phenomena that occur in the atmosphere. Lightning discharges include in-cloud discharges, inter-cloud discharges, and cloud-ground discharges. It is the cloud-to-ground discharge (hereinafter referred to as lightning strike) that causes significant damage from lightning discharge. A lightning strike is a phenomenon that occurs when the electric field strength between a thundercloud (cloud bottom) and a structure constructed on the earth or ground becomes very large, and its charge is saturated to break the insulation of the atmosphere. is there.

When lightning phenomena are observed in detail, in the case of a general lightning (summer lightning) that occurs in the summer, when the thundercloud matures, the steppedore approaches the ground from the thundercloud, selecting where it is likely to discharge air.
When the stepreader is at a certain distance from the ground, a weak current upward streamer (greeting discharge) extends from the ground, a building (lightning rod), a tree, or the like toward the stepreader.
When this streamer and steppeda are coupled, a large current (feedback current) flows between the thundercloud and the ground through the path.
This is a lightning phenomenon.

  In view of such a lightning phenomenon, most conventional lightning protection concepts have received a lightning strike to a ground with a needle-type lightning rod (Franklin rod) from the viewpoint that lightning cannot be prevented.

  On the other hand, the present inventors have proposed a lightning suppression type lightning arrester shown in Patent Document 1 in order to protect the protected object by suppressing the occurrence of lightning as much as possible.

  This lightning-suppressing type lightning arrester has an upper electrode body and a lower electrode body arranged with an insulator interposed therebetween, and is configured by grounding only the lower electrode body.

  For example, when a thundercloud in which negative charges are distributed at the cloud bottom approaches, charges opposite to the thunderclouds (plus charges) are distributed on the surface of the ground, and positive charges are also collected on the grounded lower electrode body.

  Then, the upper electrode body disposed via the insulator is negatively charged by the action of the capacitor.

  This action makes it difficult to generate upward streamers in the lightning arrester and its surroundings and suppresses the occurrence of lightning strikes.

Japanese Patent No. 5839331

  By the above-mentioned proposal by the present inventors as described above, lightning can be suppressed in a circular protection area centering on the lightning arrester.

  However, the structure, shape, and the like of the object to be protected from lightning strikes are not constant, and there are some objects to be protected that do not fall within the above-described protected area.

  The present invention has been made as a solution to the problems remaining in the previous proposal described above, and forms a protection region in accordance with the structure and shape of the object to be protected from lightning strikes, and the entire object to be protected is formed. An object of the present invention is to provide a lightning suppression type lightning arrester capable of effectively protecting against lightning.

  The lightning-suppressing type lightning arrester according to the first invention of the present invention is based on the above-described knowledge, and is a charged body formed of a conductive material provided to cover a protected object installed on the ground. An electrically insulating layer that keeps the charged body electrically insulated from the ground and the object to be protected; a first electrode body that is installed on the ground and electrically connected to the ground; A capacitor composed of a second electrode body opposed to the electrode body through an electrical insulating layer and storing electric charge between the first electrode body by electrostatic capacity, the charged body and the second electrode body, It is characterized by being comprised by the conductor which electrically connects.

  With such a configuration, when a thundercloud in which a negative charge is distributed at the bottom of the cloud approaches, the opposite charge (plus charge) is distributed on the surface of the ground, and the capacitor is grounded to the ground. A positive charge also collects in one electrode body.

Then, the second electrode body opposed to the first electrode body through the electrical insulating layer is negatively charged by the action of the capacitor.
The charged body electrically connected to the second electrode body by the conductor also has a negative charge.

Here, the charged body is provided so as to cover the protected body, and is electrically insulated from the protected body via the electrical insulating layer, whereby the entire protected body is Wrapped in negative charge.
Therefore, upward streamers from around the protected body are less likely to occur, and lightning strikes on the protected body are suppressed.

  The charged body can be installed in accordance with the object to be protected, thereby preventing a lightning strike to the object to be protected without being influenced by the size, shape or structure of the object to be protected. It can be effectively suppressed.

  It is possible to provide a plurality of capacitors. With this configuration, for example, when the object to be protected is large and a large amount of negative charge is required to suppress a lightning strike, it can be easily handled. can do.

  Further, the plurality of capacitors can be constituted by a first capacitor having a large capacitance and a second capacitor having a small capacitance.

  By adopting such a configuration, when a lightning with an energy exceeding an assumption occurs, and when this lightning strikes the charged body, the lightning strike is caused between the electrode bodies of the second capacitor having a small electrostatic capacity. It can flow to the ground via.

  As a result, it is possible to prevent lightning strikes from acting on the protected object and to prevent damage thereof.

  The plurality of capacitors are connected to the charged body in series or in parallel.

  A lightning suppression type lightning arrester according to a second aspect of the present invention is an object that is electrically insulated from the ground and installed at a height of 50 to 100 m, such as a transmission antenna for a medium wave radio. It is used for a protector.

  In order to perform lightning protection of such an object to be protected, the first electrode body electrically connected to the ground is opposed to the first electrode body via an electric insulating layer, and the first electrode body is opposed to the first electrode body. A capacitor composed of a second electrode body that stores electric charge due to capacitance is placed between one electrode body and the second electrode of the capacitor is electrically connected to the above-mentioned protected body by a conductor. Yes.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is necessary for lightning protection according to the size of the protected body by appropriately setting the capacitance of the capacitor with respect to the protected body that is insulated from the ground. A given amount of negative charge can be applied to the protected object.

  According to the lightning suppression type lightning arrester of the present invention, due to the shape and structure of the object to be protected, even when the required protection area becomes large, sufficiently secure the protection area, Generation of upward streamers from the protected body can be effectively suppressed, and thereby the lightning strike suppression effect can be enhanced.

It is a perspective view showing an outline of a 1st embodiment of the 1st invention. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating an example of a capacitor according to a first embodiment of the first invention. FIG. It is the schematic for demonstrating the generation | occurrence | production suppression effect | action of the upward streamer in 1st invention. It is a schematic block diagram of 2nd Embodiment of 1st invention. It is a schematic block diagram of 3rd Embodiment of 1st invention. It is a schematic block diagram of 1st Embodiment of 2nd invention.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the first invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 1, the code | symbol 1 shows the lightning suppression type lightning arrester (henceforth a lightning arrester) concerning this embodiment.

  The lightning arrester 1 of this embodiment includes a charged body 2 formed of a conductive material provided to cover a protected body B installed on the ground G, and the charged body 2 as the ground G and the protected body B. An electric insulation layer 3 that is kept in an electrically insulated state, a first electrode body 4a that is installed on the ground G and is electrically connected to the ground G, as will be described in detail in FIG. A capacitor 4 comprising a second electrode body 4b opposed to the one electrode body 4a through an electrical insulating layer C and storing electric charge between the first electrode body 4a and the first electrode body 4a; And a conductor 5 that electrically connects the second electrode body 4b.

  In the present embodiment, a building is shown as the protected body B, and the charged body 2 is provided so as to cover the entire upper surface and side surfaces of the protected body B.

In the present embodiment, the charged body 2 is formed in a mesh shape, and the mesh width is set according to the protection level. For example, the protection level is set in four stages, and the mesh from the lower protection level is set. The maximum value of the width is set to 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m.
Further, the shape of the charged body 2 is set so as to form a predetermined interval around the entire surface of the protected body B.

  The electrical insulation layer 3 is laid on the ground G so as to surround the body B to be protected, and the air layer 3a formed between the charged body 2 and the body B to be protected. The support body 3b is made of an insulating material. The support body 3b supports the charged body 2 in an electrically insulated state with respect to the ground G.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the capacitor 4 includes the second electrode body 4b formed in a hollow true spherical shape, and the second electrode body 4b in the second electrode body 4b. The first electrode body 4a having a spherical shape is disposed between the inner surface of the first electrode body 4a and the inner surface of the first electrode body 4a.

A nut 6 is integrally attached to a lower portion of the first electrode body 4a, and a tip of a support rod 7 described later is screwed to the nut 6.
A lock nut 8 is screwed to the support rod 7, and the lock rod 8 is pressure-bonded to the nut 6, whereby the support rod 7 and the first electrode body 4 a are fixed.

  The second electrode body 4b is divided into two parts in the vertical direction and is abutted and integrated so as to wrap around the first electrode body 4a.

  A through hole A that communicates the inside and outside of the second electrode structure 4b is formed in the lower center of the second electrode structure 4b, and the support rod 7 that is electrically connected to the first electrode body 4a is formed in the through hole A. Is inserted, and the first electrode body 4 a is grounded through the support rod 7.

  The electrical insulation layer C for electrically insulating the first electrode body 4a and the second electrode body 4b is formed of an electrically insulating material, and the first electrode body 4a and the second electrode body 2 are formed. The gap between the electrode body 4b and the gap between the second electrode body 4b and the support rod 7 are provided.

  Further, a fastening member 9 for fastening one end of the conductor 5 in an electrically conductive state is integrally provided on the upper portion of the second electrode body 4b.

  In the present embodiment, the support base 3b is laid so as to surround the protected body B, the charged body 2 is built on the support base 3b, and is spaced from the support base 3b. The capacitor 4 is installed on the ground G using the support rod 7, and the second electrode body 4 b of the capacitor 4 and the charged body 2 are electrically connected by the conductor 5. A lightning arrester 1 is constructed.

  The lightning strike suppression function by the lightning arrester 1 of this embodiment constructed in this way will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when a thundercloud D in which a negative charge is distributed on the cloud bottom approaches, a charge opposite to that (positive charge) is distributed on the surface of the ground G, and the ground rod G is supported via the support rod 7. As shown in FIG. 2, positive charges are also collected on the first electrode body 4 a that is grounded.

  On the other hand, the second electrode body 4b opposed to the first electrode body 4a through the electrical insulating layer C is negatively charged as shown in FIGS.

  Further, the charging body 2 electrically connected to the second electrode body 4b through the conductor 5 also has a negative charge as a whole.

  Therefore, a protection region against lightning strike is formed over the entire surface of the protected body B by the charged body 2, and the negative charge of the protective region B hardly causes an upward streamer in the protected body B and its surroundings. Thus, the occurrence of lightning is suppressed.

  Here, the capacity of the capacitor 4, that is, the amount of negative charge stored by the capacitor 4, is limited, and the charged body 2 is charged with the negative charge necessary for causing the above-described lightning protection. May be inadequate.

  If such a situation is a concern, it can be dealt with by increasing the number of capacitors 4 connected to the charged body 2.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the first invention.
In the present embodiment, a support body 10 formed of an electrically insulating material is provided outside the protected body B, and the charged body 2 is built into the protected body B via the support body 10. .

The support 10 regulates the distance between the protected body B and the charged body 2 and holds the charged body 2 in a state where it is lifted from the ground G by a predetermined distance. It is electrically insulated from the ground G.
Therefore, the support 10 constitutes the electrical insulating layer 3 that electrically insulates the charged body 2 from the protected body B and the ground G.

By setting it as such a structure, when building the said to-be-protected body B, the installation process of the said electric-insulation layer 3 can be incorporated in the construction process.
Thereby, the installation work of the lightning arrester 1 can be simplified.

  In addition, by installing the charged body 2 so as to float from the ground G, an empty space on the ground G can be expanded.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the first invention.
In the present embodiment, the capacitor 4 shown in each of the above-described embodiments is a first capacitor, and a capacitor 11 having a larger capacitance than the capacitor 4 is added as a second capacitor.

  In the present embodiment, the capacitor 11 is installed in a state where two flat electrode bodies facing each other at a predetermined interval and having a large area are electrically connected to the ground G. Thus, the first electrode body 12 is formed, and the other one is connected to the first electrode body 12 via an electrically insulating spacer 13 such as an insulator to form the second electrode 14. .

  As shown in FIG. 5, the capacitor 4 as the first capacitor and the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor are connected to the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor via the capacitor 4 as the first capacitor. Thus, a serial connection connected to the charging body 2 or a parallel connection in which the capacitor 4 as the first capacitor and the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor are individually connected to the charging body 2 can be used.

  With this configuration, the capacitance of the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor can be easily changed by changing the shapes of the first electrode body 12 and the second electrode body 14.

  As a result, it is possible to generate a negative charge having a capacity in accordance with the size of the charged body 2 and the level of protection from lightning.

  In addition, if a lightning strike with an energy higher than expected occurs and a lightning strikes the charged body 2, the capacitor 4 having a small capacity is short-circuited to cause the lightning energy to flow to the ground. Damage to the protected body B can be prevented.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the second invention.
In the following description, parts common to the constituent members shown in the first invention described above will be simplified by using the same names and reference numerals.

  In FIG. 6, reference numeral 20 denotes a lightning arrester according to the present embodiment, which is a lightning suppression lightning arrester 20 for suppressing lightning strikes on the protected object 21 installed on the ground in an electrically insulated state.

  The protected body 21 is, for example, a medium-wave radio transmission antenna, and is a long pole supported on a support structure 22 constructed on the ground G via an electrical insulator 23.

  And the said to-be-protected body 21 will be in the state electrically insulated with respect to the said ground G by the said electrical insulator 23, and the one end part of the said conductor 5 is fixed in the electrical conduction state in the middle A connector 24 is provided.

  The other end of the conductor 5 having one end fixed to the connector 24 is electrically connected to the second electrode bodies 4b and 14 of the two types of capacitors 4 and 11 separately installed on the ground G. Connected.

  In the lightning arrester 20 of the present embodiment configured as described above, when the thundercloud D approaches and the ground G has a positive charge, the second electrode bodies 4b and 14 of the capacitors 4 and 11 and these Negative charges are accumulated in the protected body 21 electrically connected to the second electrode bodies 4b and 11.

  Therefore, the object to be protected 21 is covered with a negative charge over the entire length thereof, thereby preventing lightning strikes to the object to be protected 21 and obtaining the same effect as the first invention described above. Can do.

  The various shapes, dimensions, and the like of the constituent members shown in the embodiments are merely examples, and various changes can be made based on design requirements and the like.

  For example, the configuration of the charged body 2 can be arbitrarily changed, and the configurations of the capacitors 4 and 11 can be appropriately changed.

  In addition, it is possible to appropriately select a plurality of capacitors 4 and 11 having different capacities, a single use, a combination use, or a use number.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 (Lightning strike suppression type) Lightning arrester 2 Charger 3 Electrical insulation layer 3a Air layer 3b Support base 4 (First) capacitor 4a First electrode body 4b Second electrode body 5 Conductor 6 Nut 7 Support rod 8 Lock nut 9 Fastening member 10 Support body 11 (second) capacitor 12 First electrode body 13 Spacer 14 Second electrode body 20 Lightning arrester 21 Protected body 22 Support structure 23 Electrical insulator 24 Connector A Through hole B Protected body C Electrical insulation layer D Thundercloud G Ground

Therefore, the protection area against lightning strike on the entire surface of the object to be protected B by the charging member 2 is formed by negative charge of the protection area, the less likely occurrence of an upward streamer in and around the protected object B occurs Thus, the occurrence of lightning is suppressed.

Claims (10)

  A charged body formed of a conductive material provided to cover a protected body installed on the ground, an electrical insulating layer that holds the charged body in an electrically insulated state with respect to the ground and the protected body, and A first electrode body, which is installed on the ground and electrically connected to the ground, is opposed to the first electrode body through an electrical insulating layer, and is electrostatically connected to the first electrode body. A lightning-suppressing lightning arrester comprising a capacitor composed of a second electrode body that stores electric charge, and a conductor that electrically connects the charged body and the second electrode body.   The lightning-suppressing type lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the capacitors are provided.   The lightning strike suppression lightning arrester according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of capacitors are configured by a first capacitor having a small capacitance and a second capacitor having a large capacitance.   The lightning strike suppression lightning arrester according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plurality of capacitors are connected in series to the charged body.   The lightning strike suppression lightning arrester according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel to the charged body.   A lightning suppression type lightning arrester for suppressing lightning strike to a protected object installed in an electrically insulated state on the ground, the first electrode body installed on the ground and electrically connected to the ground, A capacitor comprising a second electrode body opposed to the first electrode body via an electrical insulating layer and storing electric charge between the first electrode body by electrostatic capacity, the protected body and the first body A lightning-suppressing type lightning arrester comprising a conductor that electrically connects two electrode bodies.   The lightning-suppressing type lightning arrester according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of the capacitors are provided.   The lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of capacitors are configured by a first capacitor having a small capacitance and a second capacitor having a large capacitance.   9. The lightning-suppressing type lightning arrester according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the plurality of capacitors are connected in series to the object to be protected. 9. The lightning-suppressing lightning arrester according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the plurality of capacitors are connected in parallel to the object to be protected.