JP6659046B2 - Lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester for protecting a protected object such as a building or equipment from lightning damage by suppressing lightning strikes.

  Lightning is a discharge phenomenon that occurs in the atmosphere. Lightning discharges include intra-cloud discharge, inter-cloud discharge, and cloud-to-ground discharge. The major damage caused by lightning discharge is cloud-to-ground discharge (hereinafter called lightning). A lightning strike is a phenomenon that occurs when the electric field strength between a thundercloud (cloud bottom) and the ground or a structure built on the ground becomes extremely large, and its electric charge becomes saturated, destroying the insulation of the atmosphere. is there.

A close look at the phenomenon of lightning strikes shows that in the case of general lightning strikes in summer (summer lightning strikes), as the thundercloud matures, the thundercloud approaches the ground while choosing a place where the atmosphere discharges easily from the thundercloud.
When the step leader reaches a certain distance from the ground, a weak stream of upward streamer (welcome discharge) extends from the ground, a building (lightning rod), a tree, or the like toward the step leader.
When the streamer and the step leader combine, a large current (feedback current) flows between the thundercloud and the ground through the path.
This is the phenomenon of lightning.

  With respect to such lightning phenomena, most of the conventional lightning protection concepts are based on the concept that lightning can not be prevented, and lightning strikes are received by a rod type lightning rod (Franklin rod) and flowed to the ground.

  On the other hand, the present inventors have proposed a lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester disclosed in Patent Document 1 in order to protect a protected object by minimizing the occurrence of lightning strikes.

  This lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester has an upper electrode body and a lower electrode body arranged with an insulator interposed therebetween, and is configured by grounding only the lower electrode body.

  Then, for example, when a thundercloud in which a negative charge is distributed on the cloud bottom approaches, an opposite charge (positive charge) is distributed on the surface of the ground, and a positive charge also collects on the grounded lower electrode body.

  Then, the upper electrode body disposed via the insulator will have a negative charge due to the action of the capacitor.

  By this operation, the occurrence of upward streamers in and around the lightning arrester is suppressed, and the occurrence of lightning is suppressed.

Japanese Patent No. 5839331

  According to the above-mentioned proposal by the present inventors, a lightning strike can be suppressed in a circular protection area centered on a lightning arrester.

  However, the structure, shape, and the like of the protected object that is protected from lightning are not constant, and there are some protected objects that do not fit within the above-described protected area.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems remaining in the above-mentioned proposals, and forms a protection region according to the structure and shape of a protected object to be protected from lightning strike, and the entire protected object is formed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester capable of effectively protecting against lightning strikes.

  The lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester according to the first invention of the present invention is based on the above-described knowledge, and includes a charged body formed of a conductive material provided over a protected body provided on the ground. An electrical insulating layer for holding the charged body in an electrically insulated state with respect to the ground and the protected body; a first electrode body installed on the ground and electrically connected to the ground; A capacitor comprising a second electrode body which is opposed to the electrode body via an electric insulating layer and stores electric charge between the first electrode body and the first electrode body, and the charged body and the second electrode body. And a conductor that electrically connects the two.

  With such a configuration, when a thundercloud in which a negative charge is distributed at the cloud bottom approaches, an opposite charge (positive charge) is distributed on the surface of the ground, and the second capacitor, which is grounded to the ground, of the capacitor. Positive charges also accumulate on one electrode body.

Then, the second electrode body opposed to the first electrode body via the electric insulating layer takes a negative charge due to the action of the capacitor.
Further, the charged body electrically connected to the second electrode body by the conductor also has a negative charge.

Here, the charged body is provided so as to cover the protected body, and is electrically insulated from the protected body via the electrical insulating layer, so that the entire protected body is protected. Wrapped in negative charge.
Therefore, generation of an upward streamer from around the protected object is less likely to occur, and lightning strikes on the protected object are suppressed.

  Then, the charged body can be installed in accordance with the protected body, whereby lightning strikes on the protected body can be performed without being affected by the size, shape, or structure of the protected body. It can be suppressed effectively.

  It is possible to provide a plurality of the capacitors, and by adopting such a configuration, it is possible to easily cope with, for example, a case where the protected object is large and a large amount of negative charge is required to suppress lightning. can do.

  Further, the plurality of capacitors can be configured by a first capacitor having a large capacitance and a second capacitor having a small capacitance.

  With such a configuration, when a lightning with energy exceeding expected is generated and the lightning strikes the charged body, the lightning is applied between both electrode bodies of the second capacitor having the small capacitance. Through the earth.

  Thereby, it is possible to prevent the lightning strike from acting on the above-mentioned protected body, and prevent the damage thereof.

  The plurality of capacitors are connected in series or in parallel to the charged body.

  The lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester according to the second invention of the present invention is, for example, a radio wave transmitting antenna, which is electrically insulated from the ground and installed at a height of 50 m to 100 m. It is used for a protective body.

  In order to perform such lightning protection of the protected object, the first electrode body electrically connected to the ground and the first electrode body are opposed to the first electrode body via an electrical insulating layer. A configuration is provided in which a capacitor including a second electrode body that stores electric charge by capacitance between the first electrode body and the second electrode body is provided, and the second electrode of the capacitor is electrically connected to the above-described protected body by a conductor. I have.

  With such a configuration, by appropriately setting the capacitance of the capacitor with respect to the protected object that is insulated from the ground, it is necessary for lightning arrest according to the size of the protected object. A given amount of negative charge can be provided to the protected object.

  According to the lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester of the present invention, even if the required protected area becomes large due to the shape or structure of the protected body, the sufficient protected area is secured, It is possible to effectively suppress the generation of the upward streamer from the protected object, and thereby increase the lightning strike suppression effect.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing a first embodiment of the first invention. FIG. 2, showing the first embodiment of the first invention, is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating an example of a capacitor. It is a schematic diagram for explaining generation control of the upward streamer in the first invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the first invention. It is a schematic structure figure of a 3rd embodiment of the 1st invention. It is a schematic structure figure of a 1st embodiment of the 2nd invention.

Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the first invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester (hereinafter abbreviated as a lightning arrester) according to the present embodiment.

  The lightning arrester 1 according to the present embodiment includes a charged body 2 formed of a conductive material provided over a protected body B provided on a ground G, and the charged body 2 is connected to the ground G and the protected body B. An electrical insulating layer 3 for maintaining electrical insulation with respect to the first electrode body 4a provided on the ground G and electrically connected to the ground G, as shown in FIG. A capacitor 4 comprising a second electrode body 4b opposed to the first electrode body 4a via an electric insulating layer C and storing electric charge by capacitance with the first electrode body 4a; And a conductor 5 for electrically connecting the second electrode body 4b to the second electrode body 4b.

  In the present embodiment, a building is shown as the protected object B, and the charged body 2 is provided so as to cover the entire upper surface and side surfaces of the protected object B.

In the present embodiment, the charging member 2 is formed in a mesh shape, and the mesh width is set according to the protection level. The maximum value of the width is set to 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m.
The shape of the charging member 2 is set so as to form a predetermined interval around the entire surface of the protected member B.

  The electric insulating layer 3 is laid on the air layer 3a formed between the charged body 2 and the protected object B and on the ground G so as to surround the protected object B. And a support base 3b formed of an insulating material. The support base 3b supports the charged body 2 in an electrically insulated state with respect to the ground G.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the capacitor 4 includes the second electrode body 4b formed in a hollow true sphere shape, and the second electrode body 4b inside the second electrode body 4b. And the spherical first electrode body 4a arranged at a predetermined interval over the entire surface between the first electrode body 4a and the inner surface of the first electrode body 4a.

A nut 6 is integrally attached to a lower part of the first electrode body 4a, and a tip of a support rod 7 described later is screwed to the nut 6.
A lock nut 8 is screwed onto the support rod 7, and the lock nut 8 is pressed against the nut 6, whereby the support rod 7 and the first electrode body 4a are fixed.

  The second electrode body 4b is divided into upper and lower parts, and is butt-joined so as to enclose the first electrode body 4a.

  In the center of the lower part of the second electrode structure 4b, a through-hole A communicating between the inside and the outside is formed, and the support rod 7 electrically connected to the first electrode body 4a is formed in the through-hole A. Is inserted, and the first electrode body 4 a is grounded via the support rod 7.

  The electrical insulation layer C for electrically insulating the first electrode body 4a and the second electrode body 4b is formed of an electrically insulating material, and the first electrode body 4a and the second electrode body 4b are electrically connected to each other. It is provided so as to fill the gap between the electrode body 4b and the gap between the second electrode body 4b and the support rod 7.

  A fastening member 9 for fastening one end of the conductor 5 in an electrically conductive state is integrally provided on the upper portion of the second electrode body 4b.

  In the present embodiment, the support base 3b is laid so as to surround the protected body B, the charged body 2 is built on the support base 3b, and at a position separated from the support base 3b. By placing the capacitor 4 on the ground G using its support rod 7, and further electrically connecting the second electrode body 4 b of the capacitor 4 and the charged body 2 by the conductor 5. The lightning arrester 1 is constructed.

  A lightning strike suppression function of the lightning arrester 1 of the present embodiment constructed as described above will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when a thundercloud D in which a negative charge is distributed on the cloud bottom approaches, an opposite charge (positive charge) is distributed on the surface of the ground G, and the ground G is connected to the ground G via the support rod 7. Positive charges also collect on the first electrode body 4a that is grounded, as shown in FIG.

  On the other hand, the second electrode body 4b opposed to the first electrode body 4a via the electric insulating layer C has a negative charge due to the action of the capacitor as shown in FIGS.

  Further, the charged body 2 electrically connected to the second electrode body 4b via the conductor 5 also has a negative charge as a whole.

  Therefore, a protection region against lightning strike is formed over the entire surface of the protected object B by the charged body 2, and the generation of an upward streamer in the protected object B and its surroundings is less likely to occur due to the negative charge of the protection region. , The occurrence of lightning is suppressed.

  Here, the capacity of the capacitor 4, that is, the amount of the negative charge stored by the capacitor 4 is limited, and the charged body 2 is charged with the negative charge necessary to cause the lightning arrester described above. May be insufficient.

  When such a situation is feared, it can be dealt with by increasing the number of the capacitors 4 connected to the charged body 2.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the first invention.
In the present embodiment, a support 10 formed of an electrically insulating material is provided outside the protected object B, and the charged body 2 is built into the protected object B via the support 10. .

The support 10 regulates the distance between the protected body B and the charged body 2, and holds the charged body 2 at a predetermined distance from the ground G, and The ground G is electrically insulated.
Therefore, the support 10 constitutes the electrical insulating layer 3 that electrically insulates the charged body 2 from the protected body B and the ground G.

With such a configuration, when the protected body B is constructed, a step of installing the electric insulating layer 3 can be incorporated in the construction step.
Thereby, the installation work of the lightning arrester 1 can be simplified.

  Further, by arranging the charged body 2 so as to float from the ground G, an empty space of the ground G can be expanded.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the first invention.
In the present embodiment, the capacitor 4 shown in each of the above embodiments is used as a first capacitor, and the capacitor 11 having a larger capacitance than the capacitor 4 is added as a second capacitor.

  In the present embodiment, the capacitor 11 uses two flat plate-shaped electrode bodies facing each other at a predetermined interval and having a large area, and is installed in a state where one of the electrodes is electrically connected to the ground G. The first electrode body 12 is connected to the first electrode body 12 via an electrically insulating spacer 13 such as an insulator to form a second electrode 14. .

  Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the capacitor 4 as the first capacitor and the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor are connected to the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor via the capacitor 4 as the first capacitor. And a parallel connection in which the capacitor 4 as the first capacitor and the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor are individually connected to the charging member 2.

  With such a configuration, the capacitance of the capacitor 11 as the second capacitor can be easily changed by changing the shapes of the first electrode body 12 and the second electrode body 14.

  As a result, it is possible to generate a negative charge having a capacity corresponding to the size of the charged body 2 and the level of protection from lightning strike.

  Further, if a lightning strike with more energy than expected occurs and a lightning strike occurs on the charged body 2, the capacitor 4 having a small capacity is short-circuited, so that the energy of the lightning flows to the ground, Damage to the protected object B can be prevented.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the second invention.
In the following description, portions common to the components shown in the first aspect of the invention will be described using the same names and reference numerals to simplify the description.

  In FIG. 6, reference numeral 20 denotes a lightning arrester according to the present embodiment, which is a lightning arrester 20 for suppressing lightning strikes on a protected body 21 installed in an electrically insulated state on the ground.

  The protected object 21 is, for example, a transmission antenna of a medium-wave radio, and is a long pole supported via an electrical insulator 23 on a support structure 22 constructed on the ground G.

  The protected body 21 is electrically insulated from the ground G by the electric insulator 23, and one end of the conductor 5 is fixed in the middle thereof in an electrically conductive state. A connector 24 is provided.

  The other end of the conductor 5 having one end fixed to the connector 24 is electrically connected to each of the second electrode bodies 4b and 14 of the two types of capacitors 4 and 11 separately installed on the ground G. Connected.

  In the lightning arrester 20 of the present embodiment configured as described above, when the thundercloud D approaches and the ground G takes a positive charge, the second electrode bodies 4b and 14 of the capacitors 4 and 11 and the two Negative charges accumulate in the protected body 21 electrically connected to the second electrode bodies 4b and 11.

  Therefore, the protected body 21 is covered with negative charges over its entire length, thereby suppressing lightning strikes on the protected body 21 and obtaining the same operation and effects as those of the first invention. Can be.

  The various shapes, dimensions, and the like of the components shown in the embodiments are merely examples, and can be variously changed based on design requirements and the like.

  For example, the configuration of the charging member 2 can be arbitrarily changed, and the configurations of the capacitors 4 and 11 can be changed as appropriate.

  In addition, a plurality of the capacitors 4 and 11 having different capacities may be used alone, a combination of the capacitors 4 and 11 may be used, or the number of capacitors to be used may be appropriately selected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 (Lightning strike suppression type) Lightning arrester 2 Charger 3 Electric insulation layer 3a Air layer 3b Support base 4 (1st) capacitor 4a 1st electrode body 4b 2nd electrode body 5 Conductor 6 Nut 7 Support rod 8 Lock nut 9 Fixing member 10 Support 11 (second) capacitor 12 First electrode body 13 Spacer 14 Second electrode body 20 Lightning arrester 21 Protected body 22 Support structure 23 Electrical insulator 24 Connector A Through hole B Protected body C Electrical insulation layer D Thundercloud G Ground

Claims (4)

  A charged body formed of a conductive material provided over the protected body provided on the ground, an electrical insulating layer for holding the charged body in an electrically insulated state with respect to the ground and the protected body, A first electrode body installed on the ground and electrically connected to the ground, opposed to the first electrode body via an electrical insulating layer, and provided with a capacitance between the first electrode body and the first electrode body; A capacitor comprising a second electrode body for storing electric charges; and a conductor electrically connecting the charged body and the second electrode body, wherein a plurality of the capacitors are provided, and the plurality of capacitors are connected to the charged body. A lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester characterized by being connected in parallel to the lightning arrester.   The lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of capacitors are configured by a first capacitor having a small capacitance and a second capacitor having a large capacitance.   A lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester for suppressing lightning strike on a protected body installed in an electrically insulated state on the ground, comprising: a first electrode body installed on the ground and electrically connected to the ground; A capacitor comprising a second electrode body opposed to the first electrode body via an electric insulating layer and storing electric charge between the first electrode body and the first electrode body by capacitance; A lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester, comprising: a conductor that electrically connects the two electrodes; and a plurality of the capacitors, the plurality of capacitors being connected in parallel to the protected object. 4. The lightning strike suppression type lightning arrester according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of capacitors are configured by a first capacitor having a small capacitance and a second capacitor having a large capacitance. 5.