JP2018102215A - Chrysanthemum grandiflorum illumination culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an illumination culture method which can provide a given illuminance when culturing Chrysanthemum grandiflorum.SOLUTION: When suppressing floral differentiation of Chrysanthemum grandiflorum by irradiating the cultural surface of Chrysanthemum grandiflorum with a red LED, illumination culture of Chrysanthemum grandiflorum is performed with a red LED by ensuring the horizontal irradiance of a planted surface (ridge surface) at 65 mW/m2 or more. The irradiation angle of light is set within a range of 50±10 degrees when irradiating obliquely, and an irradiance of 100 mW/m2 or more is ensured when irradiating from one side to the Chrysanthemum grandiflorum.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an electric cultivation method for controlling the flowering of autumn small chrysanthemums by electric lighting.

The production of flower buds in Okinawa occupies an important position in the primary industry. In recent years, due to the self-restraint policy of incandescent bulb manufacturing and sales, lighting lighting fixtures are also required to be changed to LEDs, but there are few LEDs with excellent weather resistance for facility horticulture. Also, there is no clear way to use it.
As in Patent Document 1, a method using an optical semiconductor is known as a light source for an electric cultivation method for short-day flowering plants such as chrysanthemum, but the practicality in Aki Kogiku is not within the scope of the present invention.

JP-A-8-228599

However, if the LED is used in an open-air or highly ventilated horticultural facility, it may be damaged if it is hung on an existing electric lighting cable. In that case, the LED is forced to illuminate the object from an oblique or ceiling direction. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the amount of light necessary for obtaining the light distribution state and the effect on autumn Kikuiku (inhibition of flower bud differentiation). Also, since LEDs are heavier than conventional incandescent bulbs, it is necessary to consider the mounting hardware.
The technical problem of the present invention is to focus on such problems and to clarify the predetermined illuminance for suppressing the flower bud differentiation in autumn and to fix the heavy LEDs on the facility frame. It is required to solve problems such as the need to prepare mounting brackets.

The technical problem of the present invention is solved by the following means. The first aspect of the present invention is to secure a horizontal irradiance of 65 mW / m2 or more on the fixed planting surface when the red LED is irradiated on the cultivation surface of the autumn chrysanthemum to suppress the flower bud differentiation. It is the illumination method at the time of autumn Kogiku cultivation by LED.

Claim 2 is a red LED that can secure horizontal irradiance of 100 mW / m2 or more on the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) in the case where illumination is radiated from one side to the autumn Kogiku such as the tip of the reed. This is the lighting method for autumn Kikuiku cultivation.

According to claim 3, when the LED is installed on the frame of the cultivation facility at an interval of 6 m and irradiated from an oblique direction to suppress the flower bud differentiation in autumn, the light irradiation angle is set within the range of the angle 50 ± 10. An oblique illumination method for autumn Kikugiku cultivation using a red LED. In this case, the lighting method for securing the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) according to claims 1 and 2.

A fourth aspect of the present invention is a direct lighting method for autumn Kikugiku cultivation using a red LED that suppresses the differentiation of flower buds in autumn Kikuiku by installing the LED on a frame on the ceiling of the cultivation facility and irradiating it from directly above. In this case, the lighting method for securing the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) according to claims 1 and 2.

Claim 5 is an autumn small chrysanthemum cultivation apparatus using red LEDs, and in order to stabilize the irradiation angle of light, a metal fitting for attaching the red LEDs to a square pipe laid vertically and horizontally on the ceiling of a flat facility, It has a vertical plate that contacts the side surface of the square pipe, is provided with a drop prevention hook integrally at the upper end, has a mounting portion for the red LED at the lower part of the vertical plate, and is provided on the other side surface and the lower surface of the square pipe. A red LED mounting bracket in a red chrysanthemum cultivating apparatus using a red LED, comprising a crank plate formed in a crank shape with a vertical surface in contact with the vertical plate in contact with the vertical plate.

A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a vertical plane formed by bending a flat plate attached to the back of an umbrella of an LED bulb downwardly at a right angle, and bending the flat plate to an obtuse angle according to an angle corresponding to a tilt angle θ, It is a red LED mounting bracket characterized in that mounting bolts can be mounted on the flat plate.

As in claim 1, when irradiating the red LED on the cultivation surface of the autumn chrysanthemum to suppress the differentiation of the flowering of the small chrysanthemum, by securing a horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) of 65 mW / m2 or more, It was confirmed that sufficient flower bud differentiation inhibition was possible. Red LED with a horizontal irradiance of at least 65mW / m2 on the planted surface (saddle surface) if planted root seedlings are planted for more than 6 weeks after planting, or if planted with unrooted cuttings is planted for more than 7 weeks after planting If the midnight lighting is interrupted for 4 hours by lighting, the length of the stem that can be shipped to the market can be secured, and the commercial production of cut flowers of autumn Kikuiku will be possible.

By ensuring that the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) is 100 mW / m2 or more in the case where illumination is radiated from one side to Aki Kogiku planted at the tip of the reed as in claim 2 It was confirmed that sufficient flower bud differentiation inhibition was possible. Red LED with a horizontal irradiance of at least 100 mW / m2 on the planted surface (saddle surface) if planted root seedlings are planted for more than 6 weeks after planting, and if planted with unrooted cuttings are planted for more than 7 weeks after planting If the midnight lighting is interrupted for 4 hours by lighting, the length of the stem that can be shipped to the market can be secured, and the commercial production of cut flowers of autumn Kikuiku will be possible.

When the LED is installed on the frame of the cultivation facility at an interval of 6m and irradiated from an oblique angle to suppress the flower bud differentiation in the fall as in claim 3, the light irradiation angle is set to a range of 50 ± 10 It is confirmed that sufficient flower bud differentiation can be suppressed by securing the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) in claims 1 and 2 by the oblique illumination method of autumn Kikuiku cultivation with the red LED inside. did it. Red that has secured the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) according to claim 1 and 2 for planting rooting seedlings for more than 6 weeks from planting, and for direct insertion of unrooted cuttings for more than 7 weeks after planting. By suspending the midnight dark period with LED lighting for 4 hours, the length of the stem that can be shipped to the market can be secured, and the commercial production of cut flowers of Aki Kogiku will be possible.

As in claim 4, the direct illumination method for autumn kogiku cultivation with red LED that suppresses the flower bud differentiation by placing the LED on the frame on the ceiling of the cultivation facility and irradiating from right above. It was confirmed that the flower bud differentiation was sufficiently suppressed by securing the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (the ridge surface) in 2 and 2. Red that has secured the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) according to claim 1 and 2 for planting rooting seedlings for more than 6 weeks from planting, and for direct insertion of unrooted cuttings for more than 7 weeks after planting. By suspending the midnight dark period with LED lighting for 4 hours, the length of the stem that can be shipped to the market can be secured, and the commercial production of cut flowers of Aki Kogiku will be possible.

The autumn Kikuiku cultivation device using red LEDs as in claim 5, wherein the red LED is attached to a square pipe laid vertically and horizontally on the ceiling of a flat facility, and is in contact with the side surface of the square pipe It has a vertical plate, is provided with an anti-drop hook at the upper end, has a mounting part for the red LED at the lower part of the vertical plate, abuts against the other side surface and the lower surface of the square pipe, and contacts the vertical plate. Since it has a structure having a crank plate formed in a crank shape with a vertical surface in contact with it, the light irradiation angle can be stabilized.

As in claim 6, a flat plate attached to the flat ceiling surface of the umbrella of the LED bulb is bent downward at a right angle to form a vertical surface, and the flat plate is bent to an obtuse angle by an angle corresponding to the tilt angle θ. Since the mounting bolts can be mounted on the vertical surface and the flat plate, the light bulb can be mounted directly below, or can be irradiated obliquely according to the downturn angle θ, and the irradiation angle with respect to Aki Kogiku is stabilized.

It is a front view at the time of irradiating with an LED bulb from right above. It is a figure which shows the detail of an umbrella metal fitting, (1) is a front view, (2) is a right view. An example of irradiating an LED bulb from two directions is shown in a perspective view. It is a perspective view which shows the example which irradiates Aki Kogiku from a single LED bulb only from one side. (1) is a longitudinal sectional view of the roof frame attached to the roof frame, (2) is a plan view, (3) is a left side view, (4) is a right side view, (5) Is a bottom view. It is an exploded view, (1) is an assembled state, (2) is a side view of an L-shaped mounting plate, and (3) is a side view of a crank-shaped plate. It is a side view of the down-angle bracket which bent only the down angle beforehand.

Next, an embodiment of how the electric cultivation method according to the present invention is actually realized will be described. In the electric cultivation by the method of the present invention, it is divided into a case where the LED is irradiated from right above and a case where the LED is irradiated obliquely. To do this, special metal fittings are required because the LEDs are heavy.
FIG. 1 is a view in the case of irradiation from directly above, and is attached to the roof frame f via a special metal fitting i attached to the umbrella 1 of the LED bulb L. In this way, when irradiating with an LED bulb L from right above without an angle, an irradiance of 100 mW / m2 or more is required at the end of the gardening facility, and 65 mW / m2 or more is required otherwise. c is Kogiku and W is the irradiation range. FIG. 2 is a view showing details of the metal fitting i, (1) is a front view, and (2) is a right side view. In the metal fitting i, a metal plate is bent at a right angle, and a bolt B1 is previously attached to a vertical side i1, and the horizontal side i2 and the center of the umbrella 1 are connected and fixed by a bolt nut b1. A bolt B2 is attached in advance from the center of the umbrella 1 to the back side.

FIG. 5 is a view showing the entire roof metal fitting P made of a metal plate, where (1) is a longitudinal sectional view of the state where it is attached to the roof frame f, (2) is a plan view, (3) is a left side view, 4) is a right side view and (5) is a bottom view. FIG. 6 is an exploded view thereof. The roof frame f is fastened and fixed with bolts and nuts 10 with the roof frame f sandwiched between the upper end of the L-shaped roof plate 8 and the crank-shaped plate 9. Then, the mounting plate 8 bent at a right angle is used, the horizontal plate i2 on the upper surface of the umbrella portion 1 of the LED bulb L is overlapped with the horizontal side 81, and the male screw B2 is tightened with a nut to obtain a stable posture. When the side surface of the umbrella 1 is attached to the vertical side 82 of the roof plate 8, the vertical side i1 is attached with two female screws B1 and B1.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the LED bulbs L1 and L2 are irradiated from two directions, and is shown in a perspective view. The LED bulbs L1 and L2 irradiate obliquely from two directions with a tilt angle θ · θ. The conditions of the LED bulbs L1 and L2 use a red LED having a center wavelength of 625 to 636 nm, which can secure the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) in claims 1 and 2. Such a light bulb is already commercially available from a plurality of companies as an LED for outdoor lighting having excellent power resistance of 16 W to 22 W, and is relatively inexpensive. However, since many of the LEDs for outdoor lighting are white, it is necessary to replace the LED chip with red having the above wavelength. The LED treated in the present invention has a diffusivity with a ½ illuminance angle of 68 ° or more.

Place these LED bulbs in the facility for autumn Kikuiku cultivation at 6m intervals on the frame of the facility (2 balls will be placed in 6m square). By emitting light at ± 10 °, ensuring horizontal irradiance on the fixed planting surface (bottom surface) in claims 1 and 2, and by interrupting the midnight dark period for 4 hours, chrysanthemum production equivalent to existing incandescent bulbs is possible It becomes. In this case, the number of bulbs used per 10a is half that of conventional incandescent bulbs, and power consumption can be reduced to 1/8.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an example in which Aki Kogiku is irradiated from only one side with a single LED bulb L. FIG. In this case, the horizontal irradiance on the fixed planting surface (ridge surface) must be 100 mW / m2 or more.
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, when the LED bulb L is irradiated obliquely with a down angle θ, the down metal fitting is formed by bending the vertical surface 2 with respect to the upper surface of the umbrella 1 in advance as shown in FIG. If iθ is formed in advance, the setting of the tilt angle θ becomes stable and accurate.
That is, in order to form the down metal fitting iθ, the overlapping surface 3 is overlapped on the upper surface of the umbrella portion 1 of the LED bulb L of the down metal fitting iθ, and the bolts b are tightened and fixed. In addition, the down metal fitting i is previously bent and formed by the down angle θ. That is, the right side of the flat metal fitting i made of a flat plate is bent at a right angle to form the vertical mounting surface 2. Next, the overlapping surface 3 is bent at an obtuse angle at a portion 5 on the vertical mounting surface 2 side. At this time, the overlapping surface 3 and the vertical mounting surface 2 are set so as to have a tilt angle θ.
In this way, if the beveled angle bracket i previously bent by the bend angle θ is used, the bend angle θ will not be distorted, and the correct bevel angle θ will be obtained.

As described above, the fixed bracket is formed at a set angle, whether it is irradiated from right above or on the autumn Kogiku. It was confirmed that the angle could be maintained and sufficient flower bud suppression was possible even with oblique light irradiation. The illumination time is 4 hours at midnight, and the horizontal radiation intensity required for flower bud suppression is 65 mW / m2 or more at the fixed planting surface (minor surface), however, since it is 100 mW / m2 or more at the tip of the culm, it is currently widely used. Experimental results have demonstrated that a significant power saving effect can be obtained compared to incandescent light bulbs. In addition, the fixing bracket does not damage the covering material of the facility, and sufficient strength can be obtained even in the event of a typhoon.

C Aki Kogiku L / L1 / L2 LED bulb i Metal fitting i1 Vertical side i2 Horizontal side (horizontal plate)
1 Umbrella b1 Bolt nut B1 Bolt (Male thread)
B2 bolt (Male thread)
B3 bolt (Male thread)
f Roof frame
10 Bolt nut 8 Mounting plate
81 Horizontal side
82 Vertical side θ Bending angle iθ Bending metal fitting 2 Vertical mounting surface 3 Overlapping surface 4 Vertical mounting surface 5 Obtuse bent portion

Claims (6)

When the red LED is irradiated on the cultivation surface of the autumn chrysanthemum, the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (saddle surface) is secured at least 65 mW / m2 when suppressing the flower bud differentiation. Lighting method during cultivation. When lighting is shined from one side, such as the tip of a cocoon, when cultivating autumn kiku chrysanthemum using a red LED that can ensure a horizontal irradiance of 100 mW / m2 or more on the fixed planting surface. Lighting method. When the LED is installed in the frame of the cultivation facility at an interval of 6m and irradiated from an angle to suppress the flower bud differentiation, the light irradiation angle is set within the range of 50 ± 10. Oblique illumination method during autumn Kogiku cultivation with red LED. In this case, the electric lighting method which ensures the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (back surface) in Claim 1 and 2. A direct lighting method for autumn Kikugiku cultivation using red LEDs that suppresses bud differentiation of autumn Kikuiku by installing the LED on the frame on the ceiling of the cultivation facility and irradiating it from directly above. In this case, the electric lighting method which ensures the horizontal irradiance of the fixed planting surface (back surface) in Claim 1 and 2. In order to stabilize the irradiation angle of the light, it is a metal fitting for attaching the red LED to a square pipe laid vertically and horizontally on the ceiling of a flat facility, and has a vertical plate that contacts the side surface of the square pipe, A fall prevention hook is integrally provided at the upper end, the red LED mounting portion is provided at the lower part of the vertical plate, abuts against the other side surface and the lower surface of the square pipe, and is cranked by the vertical surface that contacts the vertical plate. The red LED mounting bracket for autumn Kikuiku cultivation using the red LED according to claim 2, which has a crank plate formed in a shape. A flat plate attached to the back of the umbrella of the LED bulb is bent downward at a right angle to form a vertical surface, and the flat plate is bent to an obtuse angle according to the angle θ and the mounting bolts are attached to the vertical surface and the flat plate. Red LED mounting bracket, characterized in that can be mounted.

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