JP2018083778A - 濾過胞を維持するための組成物 - Google Patents
濾過胞を維持するための組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018083778A JP2018083778A JP2016227675A JP2016227675A JP2018083778A JP 2018083778 A JP2018083778 A JP 2018083778A JP 2016227675 A JP2016227675 A JP 2016227675A JP 2016227675 A JP2016227675 A JP 2016227675A JP 2018083778 A JP2018083778 A JP 2018083778A
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Abstract
Description
<1> コルヒチン、アムサクリン、メベンダゾール、ミトキサントロン、ニクロサミド、ドキソルビシン、グリセオフルビン、チオリダジン、トリクロサン、リセドロナート、ベニジピン、スルファジメトキシン、リトドリン、エナラプリル、ケトプロフェン、葉酸、トラネキサム酸、セフォキシチン、ベザフィブラート、ゾルミトリプタン、アマンタジン、β‐カロチン、カプレオマイシン、カルバマゼピン、セファドロキシル、ジエチルスチルベストロール及びシラザプリルからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1種の化合物を有効成分として含む、角膜上皮細胞の増殖を抑制せず、かつ線維芽細胞の増殖を抑制するための組成物。
<2> 濾過胞を維持するための医薬組成物である、<1>に記載の組成物。
<3> 前記組成物が、濾過胞を形成するために切開した強膜及び結膜の少なくともいずれか一方に添加される、<2>に記載の組成物。
<4> 前記組成物が、濾過胞の形成後に眼に添加される、<2>に記載の組成物。
後述の実施例に示す通り、既存薬である1274化合物を対象としてスクリーニングを行った結果、線維芽細胞の増殖を抑制する活性を有する一方で、角膜上皮細胞の増殖は抑制しない化合物として、下記表1〜3に示す27種の化合物が同定された。また、これらの化合物を投与することにより、緑内障濾過手術にて形成された濾過胞を、安全性高く、長く維持し、眼圧を低く保つことが可能となることが明らかになった。
後述の実施例に示す通り、本発明の化合物を対象に添加等させることにより、濾過胞を維持することができる。したがって、本発明は、本発明の化合物又は組成物を対象に添加する工程を含む、濾過胞を維持する方法をも提供するものである。
緑内障濾過手術においては、その術後に線維芽細胞の増殖等により、形成された濾過胞が瘢痕化組織し、房水流出が阻害されることが多い。そのため、現在は、結膜及び強膜における線維芽細胞の増殖等を抑制するため、マイトマイシンC(MMC)が主に塗布される(MMC併用線維柱帯切除術)。しかしながら、その抑制効果は十分でない例もある。そこで、様々な疾患に対する既存薬として知られている1274化合物を対象として、MMCより線維芽細胞の増殖抑制活性が高い化合物をスクリーニングした。
MMC併用線維柱帯切除術後に生じる合併症の1つに角膜上皮障害が挙げられる。そこで、前記一次スクリーニングによって得られた67種の化合物を対象とし、ヒト由来の角膜上皮細胞への毒性が低い化合物、すなわち当該細胞に対する細胞増殖抑制活性の低い化合物を、以下の通りにして選抜した。
既存の濾過胞維持薬とは異なる作用メカニズムを有する濾過胞維持薬を見出す目的で、アポトーシス誘導活性に着目し、以下に示す方法にて、スクリーニングを行った。
次に、二次スクリーニングで選抜された49種類の化合物に関し、その添加濃度を10μMから0.01〜10μMに代え、前記同様にmTCFに対する細胞増殖抑制活性を評価し、その薬効を示す濃度範囲(有効域)を決定した(それら結果の一部を図5〜9に示す)。そして、その有効域が狭い化合物を除外した。
先ず、インビボでの薬効評価を行うにあたり、白色家兎を用いた線維柱帯切除術モデルの確立を行った。具体的には、白色家兎に、ケタミン塩酸塩(40mg/kg)及びキシラジン塩酸塩(4mg/kg)を筋肉注射することにより、全身麻酔を施した後、角膜輪部の結膜、強膜及び線維柱帯を切開し、強膜弁を調製した。次いで、0.4mg/mL(0.04%(w/v)) MMC又は生理食塩水を約100〜200μL浸した吸水紙(株式会社イナミ製、Medical quick absorber)を、結膜下及び強膜弁上に5分間置いた。そして、強膜弁は縫合することなく、結膜と強膜とを10−0縫合糸を用いて縫合した。なお、手術は右眼のみに施行し、左眼は無処置とした。また、前房及び濾過胞への不注意による貫通等の周術期合併症はいずれの眼においても認められなかった。
眼圧の測定には圧平式眼圧計(Reichert Technologies社製、製品名:Model 30 Classic Pneumatonometer)を使用し、上記同様に全身麻酔を施した後5〜10分後に両眼の眼圧を測定した。なお、角膜知覚消失のため、オキシブプロカイン溶液(オキシブプロカイン塩酸塩0.4%含有、参天製薬株式会社製、ベノキシール(登録商標)点眼液)を眼圧測定の前に局所的に添加した。また、眼圧測定は3〜7pmにて行った。そして、得られた測定結果に基づき、被手術眼(右眼)と非手術眼(左眼)との眼圧の差を算出した。
濾過胞については、スリットランプを介して観察し、Perkinsらの方法(Perkins TWら、Arch Ophthalmol.、2002年、120巻、941〜949ページ 参照)を若干修正した方法にて評価した。すなわち、濾過胞の高さとサイズとを反映して増加する以下のスコアを用いて評価した。
+0:濾過胞が認められない。
+1:結膜に肥厚が認められる。濾過胞は認められない。
+2:75度の範囲にて濾過胞が認められる。
+3:75〜135度の範囲にて濾過胞が認められる。
+4:135度以上の範囲にて濾過胞が認められる。
現状行われているMMC併用濾過手術において、その術後に点眼することによって、当該手術の眼圧下降維持効果を増強できるか否か、前記化合物においてコルヒチンを対象と、以下の通り評価した。
現状行われている濾過手術において塗布剤として用いられているMMCよりも優れた眼圧下降維持効果を有する化合物を見出すべく、すなわち強膜及び結膜の切開部に術中塗布する薬剤としての有用性について、前記化合物においてアムサクリンを対象とし、以下の通り評価した。
Claims (4)
- コルヒチン、アムサクリン、メベンダゾール、ミトキサントロン、ニクロサミド、ドキソルビシン、グリセオフルビン、チオリダジン、トリクロサン、リセドロナート、ベニジピン、スルファジメトキシン、リトドリン、エナラプリル、ケトプロフェン、葉酸、トラネキサム酸、セフォキシチン、ベザフィブラート、ゾルミトリプタン、アマンタジン、β‐カロチン、カプレオマイシン、カルバマゼピン、セファドロキシル、ジエチルスチルベストロール及びシラザプリルからなる群から選択される、少なくとも1種の化合物を有効成分として含む、角膜上皮細胞の増殖を抑制せず、かつ線維芽細胞の増殖を抑制するための組成物。
- 濾過胞を維持するための医薬組成物である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、濾過胞を形成するために切開した強膜及び結膜の少なくともいずれか一方に添加される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が、濾過胞の形成後に眼に添加される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
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