JP2018078801A - Rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently improve a rotary electric machine with a simple structure, such as a dynamo-electric generator and a driving device.SOLUTION: A rotary electric machine 100 comprises a rotor 18 which is floated by a magnetic bearing and rotated. The magnetic bearing is provided with the reaction of a magnetic pole of an external peripheral side magnet 13 distributed opposite to an inner peripheral side magnet 4 formed in an external periphery of a fly wheel 16. Thus, the fly wheel 16 has a function as a magnet beating for magnetically floating the rotor 18 and pivotally supporting in addition of an original purpose that the rotation of the rotor 18 becomes stable. Therefore, the rotary electric machine 100 makes the rotation of the rotor 18 to be stable while rotating the rotor 18 and reducing friction, and further the rotary electric machine 100 is reduced in size.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine such as a generator and a driving device, and for example, relates to one having a magnetic bearing.

In general, a generator rotates a rotor inside a stator fixed to a casing, and generates electric power by an induced electromotive force generated thereby.
The rotational motion of the rotor is driven by torque generated by, for example, hydraulic power, thermal power, nuclear power, or an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
In order to increase the power generation efficiency by effectively using the torque input to these generators, it is important how to reduce the friction generated by the rotation of the generator.
As a technique for reducing the friction generated by the rotation of a rotating body such as a rotor as described above, there is a “magnetic levitation device” in Patent Document 1.
In this technique, a rotating body is levitated by an attractive force generated by a magnetic force.

  However, in this technique, since the position of the floating object is controlled by adjusting the magnetic attraction force, there is a problem that an advanced technique is required and the structure becomes complicated.

JP-A-8-154388

  An object of the present invention is to reduce friction generated with a simple configuration and to improve the efficiency of a rotating electrical machine such as a generator and a driving device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method according to claim 1,
(A) a rotating shaft extending in the horizontal direction;
(B) a rotor attached to the rotating shaft;
(C) a stator disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor;
In a rotating electrical machine having
(D) a disk member extending radially outward from the rotating shaft;
(E) an inner cylindrical member connected to an end of the disc member opposite to the rotating shaft and formed coaxially with the rotating shaft;
(F) an outer cylindrical member facing the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical member and spaced from the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical member;
(G) The inner cylindrical member has a radial thickness set to be shorter than 2/3 of the outer diameter of the rotary shaft, and is parallel to the axial direction of the rotary shaft, Extending over a length greater than four times the length extending parallel to the axial direction, the disc member and the inner cylindrical member constitute a flywheel;
(H) An inner diameter of the inner cylindrical member is set larger than an outer diameter of the rotor,
(I) The outer cylindrical member extends in parallel with the axial direction of the rotating shaft and over a distance equal to or longer than the axial length of the rotating shaft of the inner cylindrical member,
(J) The outer diameter of the outer cylindrical member is set so as not to exceed the outer diameter of the stator or substantially the same as the outer diameter of the stator,
(K) The rotating electrical machine is characterized in that an inner diameter of the outer cylindrical member is set larger than an outer diameter of the inner cylindrical member, and the inner cylindrical member and the outer cylindrical member constitute a magnetic bearing.

  According to the present invention, the friction can be reduced by a simple configuration in which the rotor is pivotally supported by the repulsive force of the magnetic force, thereby improving the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine such as the generator and the driving device.

It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of rotary electric machines, such as a generator and a drive device which concern on the Example of this invention. It is the perspective view which looked at the outer peripheral side magnet which concerns on the Example of this invention, and the inner peripheral side magnet from the diagonal direction. It is a figure for demonstrating in detail the structure of the magnet which concerns on the Example of this invention, (a) is the example which comprised the outer peripheral side magnet and the inner peripheral side magnet with the single member comprised with the magnetic material. (B) is the figure which showed the example which bonded the some magnet and comprised the outer peripheral side magnet and the inner peripheral side magnet.

1 and 2 are diagrams for explaining the structure of a rotating electrical machine 100 such as a generator and a driving device according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a cross section in the rotation axis direction of a rotating electrical machine 100 such as a generator and a driving device.
A rotating electrical machine 100 such as a generator and a driving device is configured by disposing a component for generating power in a casing 12 having a cylindrical shape.
Near the center of the housing 12, a stator 19 to which armature windings are wired is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 12 coaxially with the central axis of the housing 12.
The stator 19 functions as the stator 19 disposed in the housing 12 so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 18. In the present embodiment, the stator 19 is an armature winding, but a permanent magnet may be used.

Further, in the vicinity of both end faces of the housing 12, a cylindrical outer peripheral magnet 13 a and an outer peripheral magnet 13 b are fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 12 coaxially with the central axis of the housing 12. Yes.
Hereinafter, when the outer peripheral side magnet 13a and the outer peripheral side magnet 13b are not particularly distinguished, they are simply referred to as the outer peripheral side magnet 13.
The outer peripheral side magnet 13 is magnetized in the radial direction. For example, the inner peripheral surface is an N pole and the outer peripheral surface is an S pole.

A rolling bearing 20a and a rolling bearing 20b are fixed to the central portion of both end face portions of the housing 12. Hereinafter, when the rolling bearing 20a and the rolling bearing 20b are not particularly distinguished, they are simply referred to as the rolling bearing 20.
The rolling bearing 20 and the rotating shaft 17 are provided with a play of a predetermined gap, and the rolling bearing 20 and the rotating shaft 17 are not in contact with each other while the rotating shaft 17 is magnetically levitated as will be described later. It has become.
The rolling bearing 20 is provided to regulate the function as a bearing at the start-up of the apparatus and when the rotating shaft 17 is shaken more than a predetermined amount due to disturbance or the like.

At the center of the housing 12, a rotation shaft 17 is disposed coaxially with the central axis of the housing 12.
A rotor 18 around which a field winding is wound in a region facing the inner peripheral surface of the stator 19 is fixed to the rotation shaft 17 at a central portion in the axial direction of the rotation shaft 17.
The rotating shaft 17 functions as a rotor fixed to the rotating shaft.
And the flywheel 16a and the flywheel 16b are being fixed to the both ends of the rotating shaft 17 in the area | region which faces the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral side magnet 13a and the outer peripheral side magnet 13b, respectively.

The flywheel 16a includes a disc member 15a fixed to the rotary shaft 17 coaxially with the rotary shaft 17, and an inner peripheral magnet 14a fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the disc member 15a.
The structure of the flywheel 16b is the same, and is comprised by the disc member 15b and the inner peripheral side magnet 14b.
Hereinafter, when the flywheel 16a, the flywheel 16b, the disc member 15a, the disc member 15b, the inner peripheral side magnet 14a, and the inner peripheral side magnet 14b are not particularly distinguished, the flywheel 16, the disc member 15, the inner periphery It is described as a side magnet 14.

The flywheel 16 has a function of stabilizing the rotation of the rotor 18 by its own moment of inertia. In order to achieve this purpose, it is preferable that the mass on the outer peripheral side is as large as possible.
The inner circumferential side magnet 14 is a magnet formed in a cylindrical shape, and has an outer diameter set so that the outer circumferential surface faces the inner circumferential surface of the outer circumferential side magnet 13 with a predetermined distance.

The inner peripheral magnet 14 is magnetized in the radial direction so that the magnetic pole on the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral magnet 14 is the same as the magnetic pole on the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral magnet 13.
For example, when the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral magnet 13 has N poles, the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral magnet 14 also has N poles. Moreover, when the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral side magnet 13 is a south pole, the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral side magnet 14 is also a south pole.

Thus, since the magnetic pole on the inner peripheral side of the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the magnetic pole on the outer peripheral side of the inner peripheral side magnet 14 are the same, a repulsive force acts between them, and the rotary shaft 17 is connected to the casing 12. It floats (floats) in a non-contact manner.
In addition, although the force which moves to an axial direction acts on the rotating shaft 17, the axial movement of the rotating shaft 17 is controlled by the control means which is not shown in figure.
Further, for example, the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral magnet 13a and the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral magnet 14a are N poles, and the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral magnet 13b and the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral magnet 14b are S poles. As described above, the magnetic poles of the magnets may be reversed or the same between the flywheel 16a and the flywheel 16b.
Furthermore, although the magnitude | size of the magnetic force of the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 is not prescribed | regulated in particular, it is so good that it is large, and it is desirable for both magnitudes of the magnetic force to be comparable.

As described above, the flywheel 16 has a function as a magnetic bearing for supporting the rotor 18 by levitating the rotor 18 by the repulsive force of the magnetic force, in addition to the function as an original spring wheel.
As described above, the magnetic bearing constituted by the inner peripheral side magnet 14 and the outer peripheral side magnet 13 floats the rotating shaft 17 toward the center by the repulsive force of the magnetic force, and pivotally supports the rotor 18 on the casing 12. It functions as a pivoting means.

  The flywheel 16 is formed on both ends of the rotor 18 on the rotary shaft 17 and functions as a flywheel 16 having a predetermined magnetic pole formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. It has an inner peripheral surface facing the outer peripheral surface and functions as a magnetic member having the predetermined magnetic pole formed on the inner peripheral surface. Furthermore, the magnetic poles of the inner peripheral side magnet 14 and the outer peripheral side magnet 13 are both composed of permanent magnets.

  Since the rotor 18 floats and rotates, the friction generated during the rotation is reduced, and the acting force is a repulsive force. Therefore, the rotating shaft 17 is positioned at the balance of magnetic force without requiring complicated control. Furthermore, since the flywheel function and the magnetic bearing function are integrated, the apparatus can be reduced in size.

In the rotating electrical machine 100 such as the generator and the driving device configured as described above, when the rotor 18 is rotated by a driving unit (not shown), an electromotive force is generated in the armature winding of the stator 19, and a terminal (not shown) The current can be taken out and used.
As described above, the rotating electrical machine 100 such as the generator and the driving device includes a current extraction unit that extracts current generated by the rotation of the axially supported rotor 18 with respect to the stator 19.

  Further, for example, a decompression means for decompressing the inside of the housing 12 such as a vacuum system using a rotary pump is provided. When the inside of the housing 12 is in a decompressed state or a vacuum state, the rotor 18 rotates. The air resistance generated in the shaft 17 and the flywheel 16 can be reduced, and friction can be further reduced.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 as seen from an oblique direction.
The arrow in the figure indicates the direction of magnetization, and the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral magnet 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner peripheral magnet 14 are the same magnetic pole.
For this reason, both repel each other, and the inner circumferential side magnet 14 is held at a position where the repulsive forces are balanced.

In other words, when considering the radial direction of these magnets, in the case of the repulsive force of the magnetic force directed toward the center direction, the balance position is an unstable balance position corresponding to the peak portion of the potential energy. In the case of force, it becomes the valley of the potential energy, which is a stable balance position.
Therefore, if the movement in the axial direction is restricted, even if the rotating shaft 17 deviates from the central axis, it returns to the balanced position itself.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 in more detail.
FIG. 3A shows an example in which the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 are configured by a single member made of a magnetic material.
The outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 are formed by forming a magnetic material by firing or the like and then performing magnetization.
In the case of the outer peripheral side magnet 13, a magnetizing device is applied to the inner peripheral side surface and magnetization is performed from the inner side to the outer side, and in the case of the inner peripheral side magnet 14, A magnetizing device is applied to the surface, and magnetization is performed from the outside to the inside over the entire circumference.
This is because a better magnetic pole is formed on the facing surface by magnetizing from the surface where the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 face each other.

FIG. 3B is an example in which a plurality of magnets are bonded to form an outer peripheral side magnet 13 and an inner peripheral side magnet 14.
The inner peripheral side magnet 14 is configured by connecting fan-shaped inner peripheral side divided magnets 41 in the circumferential direction.
The inner circumferential side divided magnet 41 is preliminarily magnetized in the radial direction, and is joined together with an adhesive or fixed with a jig (not shown).
Similarly, the outer peripheral side magnet 13 is configured by connecting fan-shaped outer peripheral side divided magnets 31 in the circumferential direction.
The outer peripheral side split magnet 31 is previously magnetized in the radial direction and is created in the same manner as the inner peripheral side split magnet 41.
FIG. 3B shows an example in which the outer peripheral side split magnet 31 and the inner peripheral side split magnet 41 are arranged in contact with each other. However, actually, the outer peripheral side split magnet 31 and the inner peripheral side split magnet 41 may be arranged with an arbitrary interval. is there.

As described above, the rotating electrical machine 100 such as the generator and the driving device includes the rotor 18 that floats and rotates by the magnetic bearing.
And this magnetic bearing is implement | achieved when the magnetic pole of the inner peripheral side magnet 14 formed in the outer periphery of the flywheel 16 and the outer peripheral side magnet 13 arrange | positioned in the housing | casing 12 facing this repels. .
As described above, the flywheel 16 also has a function as a magnetic bearing in which the rotor 18 is magnetically levitated and supported in addition to the original purpose of stabilizing the rotation of the rotor 18.
For this reason, the rotating electrical machine 100 such as the generator and the driving device reduces friction caused by the rotation of the rotor 18 and stabilizes the rotation of the rotor 18, and further reduces the size of the rotating electrical machine 100 such as the generator and the driving device. Can be
These are the effects newly produced by the flywheel 16 provided with the magnetic rotary levitation device.

According to the embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the rotor 18 can be levitated by the magnetic force of the flywheel 16 and rotated without contact, friction can be reduced and power generation efficiency can be increased. That is, at the beginning of rotation, there is a slight contact with, for example, a bearing or the like, but when the rotation is on the track, the magnetic levitation occurs, so that the generated friction can be brought to zero as much as possible.
(2) Since the rotor 18 is levitated by the repulsion of the magnetic force of the flywheel 16, it is not necessary to provide a complicated control device.
(3) The flywheel 16 is levitated by a magnetic force so as to have a function as a magnetic bearing, thereby stabilizing the rotation of the rotor 18 by the flywheel 16 and non-contact rotation by the magnetic bearing with the flywheel 16 and the outer peripheral side. This can be realized at the same time with a single configuration of the magnet 13, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and cost.
(4) The frictional resistance can be further reduced by reducing the pressure inside the housing 12 (for example, vacuuming).

  As described above, the case where the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the inner peripheral side magnet 14 are formed of a single member or a combination thereof has been described. The shape of the peripheral side magnet 14 can be made, and the inner peripheral side of the outer peripheral side magnet 13 and the outer peripheral side of the inner peripheral side magnet 14 can be embedded.

In addition, the outer periphery side magnet 13 and the inner periphery side magnet 14 should be strong, and for example, a neodymium magnet can be used.
Furthermore, the outer peripheral side magnet 13 can also be comprised with a superconducting magnet. In this case, a plurality of coils are formed with a superconducting member and are arranged along the circumference so that each magnetic pole faces the inner peripheral surface. In some cases, the coil is cooled below Tc (superconducting transition temperature) with liquid nitrogen or the like.
Further, in the power generation and driving apparatus 100, the inner peripheral side magnet 14 is provided on the flywheel 16, but the inner peripheral side magnet 14 may be provided on the rotary shaft 17 so that the flywheel 16 and the magnetic bearing are separated.
Further, the flywheel 16 may be provided with the inner peripheral side magnet 14 on the flywheel 16, but by providing the inner peripheral side magnet 14 on the rotating shaft 17, the flywheel 16 and the magnetic bearing are configured separately. Also good.

Although the present embodiment has been described above, the process of the inventor's idea leading to the present invention is called “zero gravity power generation and drive motor system consideration” by the inventor and is as follows.
Originally, a generator motor generally requires a lot of torque for rotation. Due to the large torque, a rotating torque drive for the generator motor is required to obtain a large torque output.
However, the point of this invention is that the "generator motor" is made "gravity-free" by using the "gravity flywheel", which means that it is designed in the direction that rotation does not fall infinitely. It will become a “generator motor” with a different new idea.
The power source of the “generator motor” can be an “acceleration power source” that has been changed to a method of adding rotation in order to restore rotation each time the rotation drops. This means that a system for a generator motor with energy efficiency can be achieved.

The big problem of requiring a lot of torque, which was required by the “generation motors up to now”, has been epoch-making and the energy of the auxiliary power source is so small that the energy as the power source of power generation cannot be compared. This is the biggest advantage of the “gravity power generation motor” using the “gravity flywheel”.
It changes to a power source concept that has never existed before, when the rotation has fallen, at the time of "deceleration", adding further rotation to the original required rotation. In addition, the power source is considered as an “rotating power source” as an energy source for adding further rotational energy.
Therefore, the energy of the generator motor that compensates for the deceleration of the motor that has started high-speed rotation can be considered as the position of the “rotating power source”. Naturally, the necessary condition of this generator motor does not require a large torque. “Energy-saving light rotation” is sufficient, and it is transformed into a revolutionary “light rotation” and “rotating power source” in terms of energy efficiency.

As an energy characteristic to be applied by the “rotating power source”, it is possible to use a rotating assist power source aimed at maintaining a high rotation rather than requiring torque.
And this “does not require high torque” means that the power source is epoch-making and smaller than conventional power generation systems such as “thermal power (nuclear power generation)” and “hydropower generation”. The idea of generating electricity at a place, transmitting it through a transmission line, and delivering it to ordinary households will also change fundamentally.

As in the case of the above-described “gravity generation motor system”, a “gravity drive motor system” using a “gravity flywheel” can be considered for the drive motor.
Similarly, in the drive motor, it is based on the idea of adding rotation as much as the required number of rotations has dropped, and at that time, the rotational force to be applied adds rotation in a weightless state, so there is an advantage that only a very small amount of energy needs to be added. The same can be obtained for the drive motor. Therefore, it becomes a high-efficiency motor with very little energy for rotation, and can provide a “gravity driving motor system”.
Similarly, there are a variety of applications using this “gravity-free flywheel”. For example, a large uninterruptible power supply (USP) is a great way to increase efficiency.

The ball bearing installed to fix the rotating shaft rotates at a high speed due to the characteristics of the "gravity flywheel" rather than the idea of smooth rotation while supporting the weight of the "electric motor" so far. At the time of rotation, the ball bearing also rotates at the center of the bearing toward the center of the rotating shaft, so the resistance load on the ball bearing is released as much as possible, and it can be called a “gravity bearing” . In order to make effective use of this state, a ball bearing having as little frictional resistance as possible is required.
“Super strong magnet” means a newly developed magnetic material represented by neodymium, a super strong magnetic material that will be developed in the future, and a superconductor magnet.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Housing | casing 13 Outer peripheral side magnet 14 Inner peripheral side magnet 15 Disk member 16 Flywheel 17 Rotating shaft 18 Rotor 19 Stator 20 Rolling bearing 31 Outer peripheral side split magnet 41 Inner peripheral side split magnet 100 Generator, drive device, etc. Rotating electric machine

Claims (6)

(A) a rotating shaft extending in the horizontal direction;
(B) a rotor attached to the rotating shaft;
(C) a stator disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor;
In a rotating electrical machine having
(D) a disk member extending radially outward from the rotating shaft;
(E) an inner cylindrical member connected to an end of the disc member opposite to the rotating shaft and formed coaxially with the rotating shaft;
(F) an outer cylindrical member facing the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical member and spaced from the outer periphery of the inner cylindrical member;
(G) The inner cylindrical member has a radial thickness set to be shorter than 2/3 of the outer diameter of the rotary shaft, and is parallel to the axial direction of the rotary shaft, Extending over a length greater than four times the length extending parallel to the axial direction, the disc member and the inner cylindrical member constitute a flywheel;
(H) An inner diameter of the inner cylindrical member is set larger than an outer diameter of the rotor,
(I) The outer cylindrical member extends in parallel with the axial direction of the rotating shaft and over a distance equal to or longer than the axial length of the rotating shaft of the inner cylindrical member,
(J) The outer diameter of the outer cylindrical member is set so as not to exceed the outer diameter of the stator or substantially the same as the outer diameter of the stator,
(K) The rotating electrical machine characterized in that an inner diameter of the outer cylindrical member is set larger than an outer diameter of the inner cylindrical member, and the inner cylindrical member and the outer cylindrical member constitute a magnetic bearing.   2. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein each of the inner cylindrical member and the outer cylindrical member has a neodymium magnet or is composed of a neodymium magnet.   The inner cylindrical member is made of a magnetized magnetic material or includes a permanent magnet in part, and the outer cylindrical member is made of a magnetized magnetic material, or a permanent magnet or 2. The structure according to claim 1, further comprising a superconducting magnet in a part, wherein the polarity of the inner peripheral side of the outer cylindrical member is the same as the polarity of the outer peripheral side of the inner cylindrical member. The rotating electrical machine described.   The outer cylindrical member is fixed to a stationary member, and the inner cylinder is subjected to a vertical upward buoyancy received by a magnetic repulsive force generated between the inner cylindrical member and the outer cylindrical member when the rotating shaft is stationary. When the total load received by the rotating shaft including at least the weight of the member and the weight of the rotating shaft is large, the rotating shaft is in contact with the rotating shaft and the rotating shaft is rotating stably. The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a bearing having play between the outer periphery of the rotating shaft and the outer periphery of the rotating shaft is provided on the stationary member so as not to contact.   The rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotating electrical machine is a generator or the rotating electrical machine is a drive motor. The disk member, the inner cylindrical member, and the outer cylindrical member are respectively provided in the vicinity of both ends of the rotating shaft so as to sandwich the rotor therebetween. A rotating electrical machine according to claim 1.