JP2018048023A - Ballast device and crane - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ballast device comprising a lifting device for an improved implementation process.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a ballast device comprising at least one ballast frame 20 for mounting on a crane upper revolving body, specially, a revolving base 40 of the crane upper revolving body, and the ballast device is further provided with at least one support cylinder 22 which includes at least two lifting cylinders 21 for lifting the ballast frame up to a mounting position and moves according to lifting operations of the lifting cylinders, and is adapted to improve overturn resistance in a mounting process.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention is a ballast apparatus including at least one ballast frame for mounting on a swing upper part of a crane upper swing body, particularly a crane upper swing body, and further includes at least two lifting cylinders that raise the ballast frame to a mounting position. The present invention relates to a ballast apparatus including

  The ballast device is for stabilizing cranes, in particular mobile cranes. This ballast device is constituted by a ballast frame having a connection portion that is bolted to a crane swivel of a crane. One or more base plates for receiving the ballast plate may be provided.

  Such ballast devices are often separated and dismantled from the upper swing body and transported to the construction site in order to maintain the load capacity and physical dimensions of the crane during land transport. Mounting at a target point is performed by a so-called ballast cylinder in the ballast device, and the ballast frame can be raised to a desired bolt fastening position in the upper swing body of the crane by these ballast cylinders. For mounting, the entire ballast device is lifted by placing the entire ballast device on the lower traveling body of the crane and extending the ballast cylinder so that the ballast frame can be bolted to the swivel of the mobile crane.

  Until now, a ballast device was constituted by two ballast cylinders. In order to suppress the falling of the ballast device during ascent as possible, it is necessary to place the center of gravity of the ballast device at the center on the line connecting both ballast cylinders.

  However, the above conditions are not satisfied in all ballast devices due to the structure. Furthermore, in the case of a ballast device that can be adjusted in position, as a further problem, the center of gravity of the ballast device may vary due to the running operation of the ballast plate.

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a ballast device comprising an improved lifting device for the mounting process.

  The object is solved by a ballast device having the features of claim 1. Preferred configurations of the ballast device are the subject of the dependent claims.

  In view of the known ballast apparatus with at least two lifting cylinders for raising the ballast frame to the mounting position in the prior art, the present invention is provided with at least one support cylinder that moves as the lifting cylinder moves up. . The lifting cylinder corresponds to a known conventional ballast cylinder. By adding the support cylinder, the stability of the raised ballast device is further improved, and the possibility of falling is avoided as much as possible regardless of the specific structure of the ballast device. Various deviations in the ballast center of gravity can also be offset by at least one support cylinder. So far, in the 2-cylinder mode, a base plate has always been necessary in order to improve the fall resistance, but the base plate can be omitted by solving the problem in the present application.

  In the ascending process to the mounting position, the ballast frame is arranged on a stable tripod consisting of so-called cylinder units. Appropriate cylinder unit control ensures that the ballast device can be raised uniformly without tilting.

  The at least two lifting cylinders may be located on an axis perpendicular to the central axis of the ballast device. The central axis preferably intersects at the center of the connecting axis between at least two lifting cylinders, in which case the at least one support cylinder is preferably on the central axis, more preferably rearward, at least two lifting cylinders It is shifted to the side. As a result, a stable triangular tripod for lifting the ballast device is obtained.

  Within the scope of the present invention, four or more cylinders may be used. In this case, the configuration of the cylinder is preferably a quadrangle.

  Particularly preferably, the at least two lifting cylinders and the at least one support cylinder are directly hydraulically connected to each other. By this hydraulic connection, the piston rods extend uniformly at the same time, and accordingly the ballast frame can be raised uniformly. By raising the ballast device uniformly, it is possible to prevent the ballast frame from overturning or tilting to one side, thereby preventing an increase in the bending load of the piston rod during operation in the cylinder unit.

  By skillfully hydraulically connecting and properly dimensioning the built-in cylinder, the ballast frames can be automatically parallelized without using expensive sensors and / or rules. Preferably, the hydraulic connection serves to pressurize at least one support cylinder, for example, the pressure oil of at least one of the lift cylinders, ideally both or all lift cylinders discharged during the lift operation Is done. Preferably, for example, the annular surface of the at least two lifting cylinders is connected to the piston surface of the at least one support cylinder. The piston surfaces of both lifting cylinders are directly pressurized by at least one pressure source for the lifting operation.

  In particular, the built-in cylinder unit is appropriately dimensioned so that the total area of the annular surfaces of the at least two lifting cylinders corresponds to the area of the piston surfaces of the at least one or all connected support cylinders. The ballast frame can be automatically parallelized without using an expensive sensor. When the same lift cylinder is used, the area of the piston surface of the support cylinder corresponds to twice the area of the annular surface of one lift cylinder.

  In the at least two lifting cylinders, the pressure oil inlets operating for the lifting operation are preferably connected in parallel, in particular their piston faces are connected in parallel, more preferably the hydraulic energy is supplied by a common pressure source. Supplied. Particularly preferably, the connection is made by a flow divider, and the same oil flow is supplied from a common pressure oil to at least two lifting cylinders. More preferably, the at least two lifting cylinders used have the same configuration, i.e. at least the same piston area and / or annular area.

  However, the center of gravity of the ballast frame or the ballast device may be located on or near the line connecting the at least two lifting cylinders. In particular, in the case of an adjustable ballast device comprising one or more base plates for receiving the ballast plate, which is pivotally arranged on the ballast frame, preferably suitable neutrals in the base plate during the mounting process The position is set, and at the neutral position, the center of gravity of the device is always located on or near the line connecting the lift cylinders as much as possible. Similarly, the center of gravity position may be within a triangle formed by the cylinder.

  Besides the ballast device according to the invention, the invention also includes a crane, in particular a mobile crane, provided with the ballast device according to the invention. Therefore, this crane has the same effects and features as the ballast device already shown above. Therefore, the overlapping description is omitted.

In the following, further effects and features of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a plan perspective view showing a swivel of a crane on which a ballast device according to the present invention is mounted. FIG. 2 is a side view of the mounting ballast apparatus in FIG. FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram for controlling the built-in ballast cylinder of the ballast apparatus according to the present invention.

  FIG. 1 is a plan perspective view showing a ballast device 10 according to the present invention provided at a mounting position on a swivel base 40 of a crane upper turning body. The ballast device 10 is constituted by a ballast frame 20 including a plurality of base plates 30 hinged so as to be pivotable to the left and right. The base plate 30 itself uses two levers 32 and 33 so that the base plate 30 can turn toward the small center of gravity diameter, the rear position of the crane swivel base 40, or the frame 20 from the lateral position shown in FIG. Are mounted on the frame 20 around two separate vertically extending pivot axes. During this pivoting movement, the base plate 30 may similarly pivot around its own axis so that it can pivot compactly behind the frame. The merit is that the diameter of the center of gravity is enlarged by the rotational movement, but the ballast diameter is only slightly increased.

  However, in such a new configuration of the ballast device, there is a need to improve an existing lifting system including a ballast cylinder for mounting the ballast frame on the crane turntable 40 as well.

  Therefore, in the present invention, a new system including a total of three piston cylinder units 21 and 22 is obtained, and as a result, the ballast frame 20 including the base plate 30 is raised to the mounting position on the swivel base 40. This piston cylinder unit is divided into two lift cylinders 21 and a new support cylinder 22.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a connection location between the swivel base 40 and the ballast frame 20. This connection point is denoted here by reference numeral 24. From this figure, it can be seen that the upper and lower bolt receivers 41, 41 ′ of the swivel base 40 are bolted to the corresponding upper and lower connection portions 25, 25 ′ in the frame 20. In order to mount the frame 20 on the swivel base 40, first, the frame 20 is installed on the upper swing body of the crane. After producing an appropriate hydraulic pressure supply unit, the ballast frame 20 is uniformly raised through both the lift cylinder 21 and the support cylinder 22 so that the connection points 25, 25 ′, 41, 41 ′ are at predetermined positions.

  For example, in FIG. 1, it can be seen that both the lift cylinders 21 are arranged to be shifted from the central axis M of the ballast frame 20 in the left-right direction. A line connecting both the lift cylinders 21 is orthogonal to the central axis of the frame 20. On this central axis M, a further support cylinder 22 is located behind both lifting cylinders 21, whereby a stable tripod consisting of cylinder units 21, 22 is obtained.

  By skillfully hydraulically connecting the elevating cylinder 21 and the support cylinder 22 and skillfully designing the dimensions of the cylinders 21 and 22 themselves, the ballast frame 20 can be automatically parallelized without using expensive sensors and regulations. FIG. 3 shows a hydraulic circuit diagram for connecting the cylinders 21 and 22. Here, the force distribution of the three cylinders 21 and 22 is based on the following principle. The force applied to the support cylinder 22 is fed back to both the lift cylinders 21. As a result, both lift cylinders 21 carry the total weight of the ballast frame 20. The first part of the total load on the lifting cylinder 21 is a static load, and the second part is a hydraulic load caused by pressure on the annular surface of the annular space 28 of both the lifting cylinders 21. This pressure is generated by a static force on the support cylinder 22.

  A pressure P is applied to both piston surfaces 27 of the elevating cylinder 21 through a flow divider 50 from a common hydraulic flow. At this time, the flow divider is configured such that the hydraulic flow of the oil source P is distributed to the two lift cylinders 21 as two partial flows A and B having the same amount. Both partial flows A and B reach the piston surface 27. As the pressure oil is discharged to the annular surfaces 28 of both the lift cylinders 21, two further oil flows C and D that merge and flow to the piston surface 29 of the support cylinder 22 are generated. As a result, when controlling both the lift cylinders 21 and when the resulting frame 20 performs the lifting operation, the pressure oil is discharged, and this pressure oil is supplied to the support cylinder 22 at the same time. The ascending operation of the cylinder 21 is performed.

  The oil pressure oil is always stored in P3 and is not exchanged. The pressure oil simply reciprocates.

  At this time, the total area of both annular surfaces 28 corresponds to the piston surface 29 of the support cylinder 22. When a plurality of support cylinders 22 are used, the total area of the piston surface 29 of the support cylinder 22 corresponds to the total area of the annular surface 28 of the elevating cylinder 21.

Below, the above principle is shown mathematically again.
(Equation 1) V _{lifting cylinder 1 annular surface} + V _{lifting cylinder 2 annular surface} = V _{support cylinder piston surface}

The discharge flow rate V _{lifting cylinder 1 annular surface} and the V _{lifting cylinder 2 annular surface on} the annular surface 28 of the lifting cylinder 21 correspond to the flow rate V _{support cylinder piston surface} on the piston surface 29 of the _{support cylinder} .
(Expression 2) A _{lifting cylinder 1 annular surface} · h ₁ + A _{lifting cylinder 2 annular surface} · h ₂ = A _{support cylinder piston surface} · h ₃

From the fact that the A _{lift cylinder 1 annular surface} and the A _{lift cylinder 2 annular surface} are the same size (same lift cylinder 21), h ₁ = h ₂ is similarly obtained. , B are made identical by the shunt 50. Since h ₃ similarly corresponds to h ₁ and h ₂ , the mathematical formula can be simplified as follows:
(Expression 3) A _{support cylinder piston surface} = 2 · A _{lift cylinder 1 annular surface} = 2 · A _{lift cylinder 2 annular surface}

  Therefore, when the area of the annular surface 28 of the elevating cylinder 21 is half the area of the piston surface 29 of the support cylinder 22, all three cylinders 21, 22 extend simultaneously. If the area ratio is appropriately dimensioned, the counterweight frame 20 can be reliably lifted parallel to the starting point. As a result, the bending moment applied to each piston rod of the cylinders 21 and 22 can be reduced as much as possible.

  Finally, the functional operation will be described again using specific numerical examples such as a 200-ton ballast. From the position of the center of gravity, the load applied to each of the cylinders 21 and 22 is obtained as follows. The support cylinder 22 is subjected to a force F3 of 841 kN, the left main lift cylinder 21 is subjected to a force F1 of 553 kN, and the right main lift cylinder 21 is subjected to a force F2 of 553 kN.

  As already described, here, the force of the rear support cylinder 22 is distributed to both the main elevating cylinders 21 by the set connection method. The rear support cylinder 22 generates a pressure P3 of 267 bar by the weight force applied to the piston surface 29, and the pressure is directly transmitted to the annular surface 28 of the main elevating cylinder 21. Here, since the annular surfaces 28 of the main elevating cylinders 21 are exactly half the size of the piston surface 29 of the support cylinder 22, the pressure is transmitted to the main elevating cylinder 21 in exactly half. In addition to the static weight forces F1 and F2 applied to each main elevating cylinder 21, it is necessary to cope with the pressure load P3 on the annular surface 28. In order to raise the unit, it is necessary to apply a pressure P of at least 310 bar to the flow divider 50. The main elevating cylinder 21 can obtain a total elevating force of 1962 kN corresponding to the total weight force of the unit.

Claims (13)

A ballast apparatus comprising at least one ballast frame for mounting on a crane upper swing body, in particular a swivel of the crane upper swing body,
And further comprising at least two lifting cylinders for raising the ballast frame to a mounting position,
At least one support cylinder is provided, which is moved along with the ascending operation of the elevating cylinder to improve the overturning resistance during the mounting process. The ballast device according to claim 1,
The at least two lifting cylinders are located on an axis orthogonal to the central axis of the ballast device, and the at least one support cylinder is preferably on the central axis, more preferably rearward, toward at least the two lifting cylinders. It is characterized by being displaced. The ballast device according to claim 1 or 2,
The at least two lift cylinders and the at least one support cylinder are directly hydraulically connected to each other. The ballast device according to claim 3,
At least one of the lifting cylinders, ideally the pressure oil of all the lifting cylinders discharged during the lifting operation, serves to pressurize the at least one supporting cylinder, in particular to perform the lifting operation of the supporting cylinder. It is characterized by fulfilling. The ballast device according to claim 4,
An annular surface of the at least two lifting cylinders is connected to a piston surface of the at least one support cylinder. The ballast device according to claim 4 or 5,
The total area of the annular surfaces of the at least two lifting cylinders corresponds to the area of the piston surfaces of the at least one or all connected support cylinders. In the ballast apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-6,
The elevating cylinders are identically configured with the same dimensional design. In the ballast apparatus as described in any one of Claims 5-7,
The elevating cylinder and / or the support cylinder have different dimensional designs. In the ballast apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-8,
Pressure oil inlets operating during the lifting process in the at least two lifting cylinders, in particular in the piston face or annular face thereof, are connected in parallel with an oil source. The ballast device according to claim 9,
The connection of the lift cylinders connected in parallel to the common oil source is preferably made by a flow divider, which can supply the same oil flow to both or all of the lift cylinders. In the ballast apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-10,
One or more base plates hinged to the ballast frame are provided for receiving the ballast plate, the one or more base plates preferably being adjustable with respect to the ballast frame. The ballast frame is preferably hinged to the ballast frame. The ballast device according to claim 1,
The center of gravity of the ballast device is located in a triangle formed by the elevating cylinder and the support cylinder, or on or near a line connecting the at least two elevating cylinders. A crane, in particular a mobile crane, comprising a ballast device according to any one of the preceding claims.

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