JP2017531313A - 有機発光組成物、デバイスおよび方法 - Google Patents
有機発光組成物、デバイスおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017531313A JP2017531313A JP2017511191A JP2017511191A JP2017531313A JP 2017531313 A JP2017531313 A JP 2017531313A JP 2017511191 A JP2017511191 A JP 2017511191A JP 2017511191 A JP2017511191 A JP 2017511191A JP 2017531313 A JP2017531313 A JP 2017531313A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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Abstract
Description
アノード/正孔注入層/発光層/カソード
アノード/正孔輸送層/発光層/カソード
アノード/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/カソード
アノード/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/カソード
が挙げられる。
図2は、例示的なOLEDのための第1のエネルギー移動機構を示す。誤解を避けるために、図2を含む本明細書のエネルギー準位ダイアグラムは、正確な縮尺ではない。
図3は、例示的なOLEDについての第2のエネルギー移動機構を示す。
S1E≦S1A1
S1E≦S1A2
T1E≧T1A1
T1E≧T1A2
三重項励起子消光またはTTAによる、発光材料の三重項励起子密度に対する材料の影響は、準連続波(準cw)励起状態吸収によって決定されてもよい。三重項受容材料は、三重項励起子消光またはTTAによって発光層における三重項励起子の密度を低減することが理解され、発光材料の場合よりも低い最低三重項励起状態を有する三重項受容材料は、その材料が、発光材料単独で測定された三重項励起子集団に比較して発光材料と組み合わせて使用されるときに三重項励起子集団における低減が観察される場合に、存在している。
第1および第2の三重項受容材料は、独立に、蛍光発光材料と混合されてもよく、または蛍光発光材料に共有結合されてもよい。
H;
アルキル(C1−20アルキルであってもよい)(ここで1つ以上の非隣接C原子は、置換されてもよいアリールまたはヘテロアリール、O、S、置換N、C=Oまたは−COO−で置き換えられてもよく、1つ以上のH原子はFで置き換えられてもよい);ならびに
非置換または1つ以上の置換基で置換されてもよいアリールおよびヘテロアリール基、好ましくは1つ以上のC1−20アルキル基で置換されるフェニル
からなる群から選択されてもよい。
非置換または1つ以上の置換基で置換されてもよいアリールおよびヘテロアリール基、好ましくは1つ以上のC1−20アルキル基で置換されるフェニル;F;CNおよびNO2
からなる群から選択されてもよい。
−アルキル(C1−20アルキルであってもよい)(ここで1つ以上の非隣接C原子は、置換されてもよいアリールまたはヘテロアリール、O、S、置換N、C=OまたはCOOで置き換えられてもよく、1つ以上のH原子がFで置き換えられてもよい);
−アリールおよびヘテロアリール基(非置換もしくは1つ以上の置換基で置換されてもよい)、好ましくは1つ以上のC1−20アルキル基で置換されたフェニル;
−線状または分岐状鎖のアリールまたはヘテロアリール基(これらの基のそれぞれは、独立に置換されてもよい)、例えば式−(Ar3)rの基(式中、各Ar3は、独立にアリールまたはヘテロアリール基であり、rは少なくとも2である)、好ましくは分岐状または線状鎖のフェニル基(それぞれ非置換であってもよくもしくは1つ以上のC1−20アルキル基で置換されてもよい);
−式−(Sp)m−TAUの基(ここでSpは上記で記載されるスペーサー基であり、mは0または1であり、TAUは三重項受容単位(式(I)の三重項受容単位であってもよい);および
−架橋性基、例えば二重結合を含む基、例えばビニルまたはアクリレート基、またはベンゾシクロブタン基からなる群から選択されてもよい。
アルキル、例えばC1−20アルキル(ここで1つ以上の非隣接C原子は、O、S、置換N、C=Oおよび−COO−で置き換えられてもよく、アルキル基の1つ以上のH原子は、Fで置き換えられてもよい);
NR9 2、OR9、SR9、SiR9 3ならびに
フッ素、ニトロおよびシアノ
(ここで各R9は、独立に、アルキル、好ましくはC1−20アルキル;およびアリールまたはヘテロアリール、好ましくはフェニル(1つ以上のC1−20アルキル基で置換されてもよい)からなる群から選択される)。
発光材料は、有機蛍光材料のいずれかの形態から選択されてもよく、これらとしては小分子、デンドリマー性、ポリマー性蛍光材料が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
−置換または非置換アルキル(C1−20アルキルであってもよい)、ここで1つ以上の非隣接C原子は、置換されてもよいアリールまたはヘテロアリール、O、S、置換N、C=Oまたは−COO−で置き換えられてもよく、1つ以上のH原子はFで置き換えられてもよい;および
−フルオレン単位に直接結合したまたはスペーサー基によって間隔をあけた架橋性基、例えば二重結合を含む基、例えばビニルまたはアクリレート基またはベンゾシクロブタン基
からなる群から選択されてもよい。
共役発光ポリマーの調製のための好ましい方法は、「金属挿入」を含み、ここで金属錯体触媒の金属原子は、アリールまたはヘテロアリール基とモノマーの脱離基との間に挿入される。例示的な金属挿入方法は、例えば国際公開第00/53656号に記載されるようなSuzuki重合および例えばT.Yamamoto,「Electrically Conducting And Thermally Stable π−Conjugated Poly(arylene)s Prepared by Organometallic Processes」,Progress in Polymer Science 1993,17,1153−1205に記載されるYamamoto重合である。Yamamoto重合の場合、ニッケル錯体触媒が使用される;Suzuki重合の場合に、パラジウム錯体触媒が使用される。
OLEDの場合、正孔輸送層は、アノードと1または複数の発光層との間に提供されてもよい。同様に、電子輸送層は、カソードと1または複数の発光層との間に提供されてもよい。
伝導性有機または無機材料から形成され得る伝導性正孔注入層は、図1に示されるようなOLEDのアノード101と発光層103との間に提供されて、アノードから半導体ポリマーの1または複数の層への正孔注入を補助してもよい。ドープされた有機正孔注入材料の例としては、置換されてもよいドープされたポリ(エチレンジオキシチオフェン)(PEDT)、特に欧州特許第0901176号明細書および欧州特許第0947123号明細書に開示されるような、電荷平衡ポリ酸、例えばポリスチレンスルホネート(PSS)でドープされたPEDT、ポリアクリル酸またはフッ素化スルホン酸、例えばNafion(登録商標);米国特許第5723873号明細書および米国特許第5798170号明細書に開示されるようなポリアニリン;および置換されてもよいポリチオフェンまたはポリ(チエノチオフェン)が挙げられる。伝導性無機材料の例としては、遷移金属酸化物、例えばJournal of Physics D:Applied Physics(1996),29(11),2750−2753に開示されるような、VOx、MoOxおよびRuOxが挙げられる。
カソード105は、OLEDの発光層への電子注入を可能にする仕事関数を有する材料から選択される。カソードと発光材料との間の不利な相互作用の可能性といった他の要因がカソードの選択に影響を及ぼす。カソードは、アルミニウムの層のような単一材料からなってもよい。あるいは、それは、複数の伝導性材料を含んでいてもよく、例えば国際公開第98/10621号に開示されるように、カルシウムおよびアルミニウムのような低仕事関数材料および高仕事関数材料の二層を含んでいてもよい。カソードは、例えば国際公開第98/57381号、Appl.Phys.Lett.2002,81(4),634および国際公開第02/84759号に開示されるように、元素状バリウムを含んでいてもよい。カソードは、金属化合物、特にアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属の酸化物またはフッ化物の薄い(例えば1〜5nm)層を、デバイスの有機層と、1つ以上の伝導性カソード層との間に含んで電子注入を補助してもよく、例えば国際公開第00/48258号に開示されるようにフッ化リチウム;Appl.Phys.Lett.2001,79(5),2001に開示されるようなフッ化バリウム;および酸化バリウムである。電子の効率の良いデバイスへの注入を提供するために、カソードは、好ましくは3.5eV未満、より好ましくは3.2eV未満、最も好ましくは3eV未満の仕事関数を有する。金属の仕事関数は、例えばMichaelson,J.Appl.Phys.48(11),4729,1977に見出され得る。
有機オプトエレクトロニクスデバイスは、湿分および酸素に対して感受性である傾向がある。従って、基材は、好ましくはデバイスへの湿分および酸素の進入を防止するための良好なバリア特性を有する。基材は、一般にガラスであるが、代替基材が、特にデバイスの可撓性が所望される場合に、使用されてもよい。例えば、基材は、1つ以上のプラスチック層、例えば交互のプラスチックおよび誘電体バリア層または薄いガラスおよびプラスチックのラミネートの基材を含んでいてもよい。
発光層を形成するために好適な配合物は、本発明の組成物および1つ以上の好適な溶媒から形成されてもよい。
3Lの3ツ口丸底フラスコは、オーバーヘッド撹拌機、還流冷却器、添加漏斗、窒素入口および排気管を備えていた。フラスコに、水(1000mL)中のNaOH(153g,3.8251mol)および3,6−ジブロモフェナントレン−9,10−ジオン(50g,0.1366mol)を充填し、85℃で16時間加熱した後、室温に冷却させた。
1Lの3ツ口丸底フラスコは、オーバーヘッド撹拌機、還流冷却器、添加漏斗、窒素入口および排気管を備えていた。窒素雰囲気下、ベンジルトリフェニルホスホニウムブロミド(35.38g,0.0816mol)をトルエン(300mL)中に溶解させ、NaOtBu(8.99g,0.0816mol)を混合物に0℃で滴下し、懸濁液を30分間撹拌した。溶液を0℃に維持し、トルエン(160mL)中の3,6−ジブロモ−9H−フルオレン−9−オン(23g,0.0681mol)を混合物に添加し、得られた混合物を室温に加温し、16時間撹拌した。この時間の後、混合物を0℃に再冷却し、氷水(200mL)でクエンチした。反応物をEtOAc(500mL)で希釈し、有機層を分離し、水(200mL)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させ、揮発性物質を減圧下で除去した。粗材料(32g)をフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィによって精製し、続いてアセトニトリルから再結晶させ、19%収率でモノマー1を得た。
発光ポリマー
式(VIIa)のフルオレン繰り返し単位、フェナントレン繰り返し単位、式(IX−1)のアミン繰り返し単位および式(IX−3)のアミン繰り返し単位を含有する青色発光ポリマーLEP1を、国際公開第00/53656号に記載されるようにSuzuki重合によって調製した。
以下の構造を有する青色有機発光デバイスを調製した:
ITO/HIL(35nm)/HTL(22nm)/LE(65nm)/カソード
ここでITOはインジウムスズオキシドアノードであり;HILは正孔注入層であり;HTLは正孔輸送層であり;LEは発光層であり;カソードは、発光層と接触したフッ化金属の層および銀層およびアルミニウム層を含む。
Claims (18)
- 発光材料、第1の三重項受容材料および前記第1の三重項受容材料とは異なる第2の三重項受容材料を含む組成物。
- 前記発光材料が骨格を有する発光ポリマーに提供される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記発光材料が、前記骨格中の繰り返し単位として;前記骨格から垂れ下がった側基として;または前記ポリマーの末端基として提供される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の三重項受容材料が前記発光ポリマーに共有結合される、請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記第1の三重項受容材料が前記骨格中の繰り返し単位;前記骨格から垂れ下がった側基;または前記ポリマーの末端基である、請求項5に記載の組成物。
- Arが、非置換であってもよくまたは1つ以上の置換基で置換されてもよいフェニルである、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- R1がHである、請求項7または8に記載の組成物。
- 前記第2の三重項受容材料が前記発光材料と混合される、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記第2の三重項受容材料が、三重項受容ポリマーの骨格繰り返し単位、側基または末端基として提供される、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 前記第2の三重項受容材料が、前記三重項受容ポリマーの多環式芳香族繰り返し単位である、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記多環式芳香族共繰り返し単位が、アントラセンおよびピレンから選択され、このそれぞれは、非置換であってもよくまたは1つ以上の置換基で置換されてもよい、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1から14のいずれかに記載の組成物および少なくとも1つの溶媒を含む配合物。
- アノード、カソードおよび前記アノードと前記カソードとの間の発光層を含む有機発光デバイスであって、ここで前記発光層が、請求項1から14のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む、有機発光デバイス。
- 請求項16に記載の有機発光デバイスを形成する方法であって、前記方法が、アノードおよびカソードの一方の上に前記発光層を形成する工程、ならびに前記アノードおよびカソードの他方を前記発光層の上に形成する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記発光層が、前記アノードおよびカソードの一方の上に請求項15に記載の配合物を堆積し、前記少なくとも1つの溶媒を蒸発させることによって形成される、請求項17に記載の方法。
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