JP2017524799A - 触媒急速熱分解プロセスから有効成分を回収するための改善されたプロセス - Google Patents
触媒急速熱分解プロセスから有効成分を回収するための改善されたプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017524799A JP2017524799A JP2017521039A JP2017521039A JP2017524799A JP 2017524799 A JP2017524799 A JP 2017524799A JP 2017521039 A JP2017521039 A JP 2017521039A JP 2017521039 A JP2017521039 A JP 2017521039A JP 2017524799 A JP2017524799 A JP 2017524799A
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- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/085—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors two direct washing treatments, one with an aqueous liquid and one with a non-aqueous liquid
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
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- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年7月1日出願の米国仮特許出願第62/019,881号に対する優先権を主張する。
産業化時代初期の頃から、人々の旅行及び消費財への欲求により、石炭及び油等の典型的に地中深くから得られる化石燃料の消費は増え続けている。採鉱及び掘削による化石燃料の抽出は、環境対策費用及び政治的費用を伴うことが多い。その上、より採掘し易い化石燃料源は使い果たされてきているため、水圧破砕及び深海掘削等のより高価な抽出技術の追及を余儀なくされている。さらに、化石燃料の消費は、一般的に二酸化炭素の形態で大気中炭素の濃度を増加させる。
芳香族物質−本明細書で用いる場合、「芳香族物質」または「芳香族化合物」という用語は、例えば、単芳香族環系(例えば、ベンジル、フェニル等)及び縮合多環式芳香族環系(例えば、ナフチル、1,2,3,4−テトラヒドロナフチル等)等の1つ以上の芳香族基を含む炭化水素化合物(複数可)を指すために使用される。芳香族化合物の例には、ベンゼン、トルエン、インダン、インデン、2−エチルトルエン、3−エチルトルエン、4−エチルトルエン、トリメチルベンゼン(例えば、1,3,5−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,4−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,3−トリメチルベンゼン等)、エチルベンゼン、スチレン、クメン、メチルベンゼン、プロピルベンゼン、キシレン(例えば、p−キシレン、m−キシレン、o−キシレン)、ナフタレン、メチル−ナフタレン(例えば、1−メチルナフタレン)、アントラセン、9.10−ジメチルアントラセン、ピレン、フェナントレン、ジメチル−ナフタレン(例えば、1,5−ジメチルナフタレン、1,6−ジメチルナフタレン、2,5−ジメチルナフタレン等)、エチル−ナフタレン、ヒドリンデン、メチル−ヒドリンデン、及びジメチル(dymethyl)−ヒドリンデンが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。いくつかの実施形態では、単環及び/または多環の芳香族物質も生成され得る。芳香族物質は、ヘテロ原子置換基、すなわち、フェノール、クレゾール、ベンゾフラン、アニリン、インドール等を含有する単環及び多環化合物も含む。
CFPに適した装置及びプロセス条件の例は、Huberらの米国特許第8,277,643号及びHuberらの米国特許出願第2013/0060070A1号に記載されており、これらは参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。バイオマスのCFPの条件には、以下の特徴のうちの1つまたは任意の組み合わせが挙げられる(これは、本発明の広範な態様を制限することを意図しない):ゼオライト触媒、ZSM−5触媒;次の金属のうちの1つ以上を含むゼオライト触媒:チタニウム、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ガリウム、白金、パラジウム、銀、リン、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、タングステン、ジルコニウム、セリウム、ランタン、及びそれらの組み合わせ;流動層、循環層、若しくはライザー反応器;300°〜1000℃の範囲の動作温度;ならびに/または0.1〜40の固体触媒対バイオマス質量供給比。
典型的なプロセス原流の回収及び分離は、図2及び3のスキームに従ってASPEN(商標)モデルでモデル化された。このモデルでは、流入速度は、固体を含まないCFPプロセスからの原生成物の211,652kg/時間であった。図2に示されるプロセスに関して、流れの組成、温度、及び圧力は、表1に示されるように計算された。熱交換器202がモデリングから省略されたことを除いて、図3に示されるプロセスに関して、流れの組成、温度、及び圧力は、表2に示されるように計算された。
Claims (56)
- 触媒熱分解プロセスの生成物流から芳香族化学物質を生成するための方法であって、
前記生成物流を水で急冷することと、
第1の気相及び第1の液体生成物に分離することと、
前記第1の気相から芳香族物質を回収することと、
前記第1の液体生成物から酸素化物を回収することと、を含む、前記方法。 - 前記触媒熱分解プロセスへの供給物がバイオマスを含み、前記第1の気相の温度が、10℃〜200℃、または20℃〜150℃、または30℃〜100℃、または40℃〜80℃、または50℃〜70℃である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の気相を凝縮して、前記第1の気相から第2の液相及び第2の気相を生成することを含む、請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の前記方法。
- 前記第2の液体が、少なくとも50重量%、または少なくとも65重量%、または少なくとも75重量%、または少なくとも85重量%、または65〜99重量%、または75〜95重量%、または80〜92重量%、または85〜90重量%のベンゼン+トルエン+キシレンを含む、請求項3に記載の前記方法。
- 前記第2の液相が、5重量%未満、または2重量%未満、または1重量%未満、または0.25重量%未満、または0.01〜5重量%、または0.03〜2重量%、または0.05〜1重量%の酸素化物を含む、請求項3に記載の前記方法。
- 請求項2に記載の前記方法から生成される液相。
- 前記第1の気相を凝縮して、第2の液相及び第2の気相に分離することと、
前記第1の気相若しくは第2の気相またはそれらの組み合わせを接触溶媒と接触させて、第3の液相及び第3の気相を生成することと、
前記第2の液相及び前記第3の液相から芳香族物質を回収することと、を含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。 - 前記第2の液相及び第3の液相を分画システムに通すことと、
前記液体をベンゼン富化、トルエン富化、及びキシレン富化生成物流に分画することと、を含む、請求項3に記載の前記方法。 - 前記接触溶媒が、前記プロセスにおいてバイオマスから生成された液体流を含む、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記接触溶媒が、前記第1の液体生成物または前記第2の液相の一部を含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記接触溶媒が、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、スチレン、クメン、プロピルベンゼン、インダン、インデン、2−エチルトルエン、3−エチルトルエン、4−エチルトルエン、トリメチルベンゼン(例えば、1,3,5−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,4−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,3−トリメチルベンゼン等)、エチルベンゼン、スチレン、クメン、メチルベンゼン、プロピルベンゼン、ナフタレン、メチル−ナフタレン(例えば、1−メチルナフタレン)、アントラセン、9.10−ジメチルアントラセン、ピレン、フェナントレン、ジメチル−ナフタレン(例えば、1,5−ジメチルナフタレン、1,6−ジメチルナフタレン、2,5−ジメチルナフタレン等)、エチル−ナフタレン、ヒドリンデン、メチル−ヒドリンデン、ジメチル−ヒドリンデン、フェノール、o−クレゾール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール、カテコール、レゾルシノール、ヒドロキノン、1−ナフトール、2−ナフトール、ベンゾフラン、ディーゼル燃料、ジェット燃料、パラフィン、芳香族物質、シクロパラフィン、またはそれらの組み合わせから選択される材料を含む、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記接触溶媒が、前記第1の液体生成物の一部を含む、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記第1の液体生成物が有機画分及び水性画分に分離される、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 前記水性流が、10重量%未満、または5重量%未満、または3重量%未満、または2重量%未満、または0.1〜10重量%、または0.5〜5重量%、または1〜3重量%の芳香族物質を含む、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記水性流が、10重量%未満、または5重量%未満、または2重量%未満、または1重量%未満、または0.05〜10重量%、または0.1〜5重量%、または0.5〜3重量%の酸素化物を含む、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記有機流が、少なくとも80重量%、少なくとも85重量%、少なくとも90重量%、または少なくとも95重量%、または90〜99.8重量%の芳香族物質を含む、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記有機流が、少なくとも40重量%、または少なくとも50重量%、または少なくとも60重量%、または40〜90重量%、または50〜80重量%、または60〜70重量%のナフタレンを含む、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記有機流が、25重量%未満、または15重量%未満、または10重量%未満、または0.1〜25重量%、または1〜15重量%、または2〜10重量%の酸素化物を含む、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 請求項13に記載の前記方法から生成される有機液体生成物流。
- 少なくとも80質量%の芳香族物質、少なくとも40質量%の多環式芳香族物質、25質量%未満の単環式芳香族物質、25質量%未満の酸素化物、及び5質量%未満の水を含む、請求項13に記載の前記方法から生成される有機液体生成物流。
- 60〜99.8質量%の芳香族物質、40〜90質量%の多環式芳香族物質、1〜25質量%の単環式芳香族物質、0.1〜25質量%の酸素化物、及び0.001〜5質量%の水を含む、有機液体生成物流。
- 請求項13に記載の前記方法から生成される水性液体生成物流。
- 固体が前記第1の液体生成物から分離される、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 固体が前記水相から分離される、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 固体が前記有機相から分離される、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記固体が濾過によって分離される、請求項25に記載の前記方法。
- 前記第1の液体生成物が有機画分及び水性画分に分離され、
前記有機相の一部が前記接触溶媒として使用される、請求項3に記載の前記方法。 - 前記第1の液体生成物が有機画分及び水性画分に分離され、
前記水性画分の一部が急冷水として使用される、請求項1に記載の前記方法。 - 酸素化物が前記有機画分から回収される、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記接触溶媒がトルエンの沸点よりも高い沸点を有する、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記急冷液体中で使用される前記水の少なくとも25%、または少なくとも50%、または少なくとも75%、または少なくとも90%、または少なくとも95%が、前記プロセスにおいてバイオマスから生成される水である、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- CFPプロセスの流動化ガスが前記第3の気相の一部を構成する、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- バイオマスを前記CFP反応器に輸送するために使用される輸送流体が、前記第3の気相の一部を構成する、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記水性流の一部が、閉ループ冷却水回路を用いた熱交換によって冷却される、請求項14に記載の前記方法。
- 前記水性流の一部がフィン−ファン空気冷却熱交換器中で冷却される、請求項14に記載の前記方法。
- 前記第1の蒸気が、前記接触溶媒と接触する前に圧縮される、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記原生成物流が、前記急冷システムに入る前にベンチュリースクラバーを通過する、請求項7に記載の前記方法。
- 前記原生成物流が、前記ベンチュリースクラバーに入る前に冷却される、請求項37に記載の前記方法。
- 無水及び無固体基準で、本発明の方法に供される触媒熱分解プロセスの前記生成物流が、質量%基準の計算で20〜60%、または25〜55%、または30〜50%、または少なくとも20%、または少なくとも25%、または少なくとも30%のCOを含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 無水及び無固体基準で、本発明の方法に供される触媒熱分解プロセスの前記生成物流が、質量%基準の計算で10〜50%、または15〜40%、または20〜35%、または少なくとも5%、または少なくとも10%、または少なくとも15%、または少なくとも20%のCO2を含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 無水及び無固体基準で、本発明の方法に供される触媒熱分解プロセスの前記生成物流が、質量%基準の計算で0.1〜2.0、または0.2〜1.5、または0.3〜0.75%、または少なくとも0.1%、または少なくとも0.2%、または少なくとも0.3%、または10%未満、または5%未満、または1%未満のH2を含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 無水及び無固体基準で、本発明の方法に供される触媒熱分解プロセスの前記生成物流が、質量%基準の計算で2〜40、または3〜35、または4〜30%、または40%未満、または35%未満、または30%未満、または20%未満のBTXを含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 無水及び無固体基準で、本発明の方法に供される触媒熱分解プロセスの前記生成物流が、質量%基準の計算で0.1〜10、または0.2〜5、または0.3〜3%、または5%未満、または3%未満、または2%未満の酸素化物を含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- ベンゼン及びトルエンの合計が、少なくとも80重量%、少なくとも85重量%、少なくとも90重量%、少なくとも92重量%、または80〜99重量%、または85〜97重量%、または90〜95重量%を構成する、生成物流。
- キシレンが、少なくとも50重量%、または少なくとも60重量%、または少なくとも70重量%、または50〜95重量%、または60〜90重量%、または70〜85重量%を構成する、生成物流。
- 前記水性流が、溶解された炭化水素材料を回収するためにストリッパーカラムに供給される、請求項13に記載の前記方法。
- 前記急冷のために使用される前記水のpHが、酸、塩基、または緩衝液の添加または除去によって制御される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 界面活性剤エマルション破壊化合物(breaking compound)が前記第1の液体生成物に添加される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記界面活性剤エマルション破壊化合物が、アミン、アミル−、ブチル−、若しくはノニル樹脂、エステル、ポリオール、ポリオールエステル、スルホン酸塩、若しくは水性エマルション及び有機エマルションを破壊する他の材料、またはそれらのいくつかの組み合わせから選択される、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 急冷のために使用される前記水が腐食阻害剤を含有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記腐食阻害剤が、アミン、アルカノールアミン、イミダゾリン、リン酸化エトキシル化アルコール/ベンゾトリアゾール誘導体から選択される、請求項49に記載の方法。
- ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、若しくはエチルベンゼン、またはこれらのいくつかの組み合わせを含む有機流が、急冷ユニットに供給される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 触媒熱分解プロセスの生成物流から芳香族化学物質を生成するための方法であって、
前記生成物流を有機急冷流体で急冷して、急冷された生成物流を形成することと、
前記急冷された生成物流から第1の気相及び第1の液相を分離することと、
前記第1の気相を水で急冷して、急冷された第1の気相を形成することと、
前記急冷された第1の気相から第2の気相及び第2の液相を分離することと、
前記第2の気相から芳香族物質を回収することと、を含む、前記方法。 - 前記有機急冷流体が、ディーゼル燃料、熱分解油、パイガス(pygas)、ジェット燃料、重質サイクル油、重質コーカー軽油、重質ビスブレーキング留出物、重質熱クラッキング留出物を浄化した触媒クラッキングデカント油、減圧軽油、中質及び重質減圧留出物、ナフテン油、重質水素化分解留出物、水素化による重質留出物、ナフサ、C9+有機物、酸素化物、前記CFPプロセスからの生成物流、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、スチレン、クメン、プロピルベンゼン、インダン、インデン、2−エチルトルエン、3−エチルトルエン、4−エチルトルエン、トリメチルベンゼン(例えば、1,3,5−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,4−トリメチルベンゼン、1,2,3−トリメチルベンゼン等)、エチルベンゼン、スチレン、クメン、メチルベンゼン、プロピルベンゼン、ナフタレン、メチル−ナフタレン(例えば、1−メチルナフタレン)、アントラセン、9.10−ジメチルアントラセン、ピレン、フェナントレン、ジメチル−ナフタレン(例えば、1,5−ジメチルナフタレン、1,6−ジメチルナフタレン、2,5−ジメチルナフタレン等)、エチル−ナフタレン、ヒドリンデン、メチル−ヒドリンデン、ジメチル−ヒドリンデン、フェノール、o−クレゾール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール、カテコール、レゾルシノール、ヒドロキノン、1−ナフトール、2−ナフトール、ベンゾフラン、またはそれらの組み合わせから選択される材料を含む、請求項53に記載の前記方法。
- 前記有機急冷流体が、バイオマスから生成される少なくとも10重量%、または少なくとも25重量%、または少なくとも50重量%、または少なくとも75重量%、または少なくとも90重量%の材料を含む、請求項53に記載の前記プロセス。
- 前記触媒熱分解プロセスからの前記生成物流が、任意の急冷または分離の前に前記原生成物と名付けられ、ベンゼンの前記回収が、前記原生成物の前記ベンゼンの75%超、若しくは85%超、若しくは90%超、若しくは95%超、若しくは97%超、若しくは75〜99%、若しくは90〜98%、若しくは95〜97.5%であるか、またはトルエンの前記回収が、前記原生成物中の前記トルエンの75%超、若しくは85%超、若しくは90%超、若しくは95%超、若しくは97%超、若しくは75〜99%、若しくは90〜98.5%、若しくは95〜98%であるか、またはキシレンの前記回収が、前記原生成物中の前記キシレンの75%超、若しくは85%超、若しくは90%超、若しくは92%超、若しくは75〜99%、若しくは85〜98%、若しくは90〜93%であるか、またはエチルベンゼン、スチレン、及びクメンの合計の前記回収が、前記原生成物中の前記エチルベンゼン、スチレン、及びクメンの70%超、若しくは80%超、若しくは85%超、若しくは89%超、若しくは70〜99%、若しくは85〜95%、若しくは88〜90%であるか、またはナフタレンの前記回収が、前記原生成物中の前記ナフタレンの85%超、若しくは90%超、若しくは95%超、若しくは97%超、若しくは99%超、若しくは85〜100%、若しくは95〜99.9%、若しくは99〜99.8%であるか、またはこれらの任意の組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の前記プロセス。
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