JP2017523130A - 視神経脊髄炎の治療に対する高可溶性アクアポリン−4細胞外ループペプチド免疫化 - Google Patents
視神経脊髄炎の治療に対する高可溶性アクアポリン−4細胞外ループペプチド免疫化 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、2014年5月19日付出願の「視神経脊髄炎の治療に対する高可溶性アクアポリン−4細胞外ループCペプチド免疫化」と題される米国仮特許出願番号第62/000,356に対する優先権及び米国特許法第119条(e)の利益を主張する。上述の特許出願の全内容は、この参照により本明細書に援用される。
本明細書において引用又は参照される全ての文書、及び本明細書において引用される文書において引用又は参照される全ての文書は、本明細書又は本明細書において参照により援用される任意の文書において言及される任意の製品に関する任意の製造業者による指示書、説明書、製品仕様書、及び製品シートと共に、参照により本明細書に援用され、本明細書の実施において採用され得る。
この成果は、国立衛生研究所神経疾患及び脳卒中研究所による助成金NS078555によって支持された。政府は、本発明において一定の権利を有する。
本発明は、概して神経障害及びその治療に関し、特に、抗原に基づくペプチド及び視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を治療するための該ペプチドを含む医薬組成物に関する。
これらの及び他の実施形態が開示され、又は以下の詳細な説明から明らかであり、またそれにより包含される。
別段の規定がない限り、本明細書で使用される全ての技術用語及び科学用語は、本発明が属する技術分野における当業者の一人によって一般的に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。その開示全体が参照により本明細書に援用される、以下の参照文献は、本発明で使用される多くの用語の一般的な定義(本明細書で別段の定義がない限り)を当業者に提供する:Singleton et al.,Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology(2nd ed.1994);The Cambridge Dictionary of Science and Technology(Walker ed.,1988);The Glossary of Genetics,5th Ed.,R.Rieger et al.(eds.),Springer Verlag(1991);及びHale&Marham,the Harper Collins Dictionary of Biology(1991)。一般的には、本明細書に記載される又は本明細書に固有の分子生物学の手法等は、当該技術分野において使用される一般的な方法である。かかる標準的な技術は、例えば、Sambrook et al.,(2000,Molecular Cloning−−A Laboratory Manual,Third Edition,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories);及びAusubel et al.,(1994,Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,John Wiley&Sons,New−York)等の参照マニュアルに見ることができる。
概念は以下の通り数学的に表される:
感度=真の陽性の数/真の陽性の数+偽陰性の数
特異性=真の陰性の数/真の陰性の数+疑陽性の数
本明細書に提示される範囲は、その範囲に含まれる全ての値に対する省略標記であると理解される。例えば、1〜50の範囲は、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、45、46、47、48、49、又は50からなる群に由来する任意の数字、数字の組み合わせ、又は部分範囲を含むと理解される。
様々な実施例では、本発明の組成物、方法、及びキットは、AQP4ペプチド、特に全長タンパク質の細胞外ループ領域に対応するペプチド、すなわちループCペプチド(配列番号6)及び/又はループC配列含有ペプチド(配列番号8)を含んでもよい。また、他の実施形態では、本発明の組成物、方法、及びキットは、例えばループAペプチド(配列番号5)及びループEペプチド(配列番号7)を含むAQP4の他のペプチドを含んでもよい。
本発明は、治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループC及び/又はループC配列含有ペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を治療するための医薬組成物を提供する。さらに別の態様では、本発明は、治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループC及び/又はループC配列含有ペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を投与することを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体を治療する方法に関する。さらに別の態様では、本発明は、免疫原的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループC及び/又はループC配列含有ペプチド、又は免疫原的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を投与することを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体において耐性応答を誘導する方法を提供する。
治療的有効量のループC及び/又はループC配列含有ペプチド(又はそのフラグメント若しくは変異体)、又は治療的有効量のループC核酸を含む本発明の医薬組成物は、簡便には、選択されたpHに緩衝されてもよい、滅菌液体製剤、例えば、等張性水溶液、懸濁物、エマルジョン、分散物、又は粘性組成物として提供され得る。液体製剤は、通常、ゲル、他の粘性組成物、及び固体組成物よりも作製することが容易である。さらに、液体組成物は、特に注射によって投与することがいくぶん簡便である。一方、粘性組成物は、特定の組織とのより長い接触期間を提供するため、適切な粘度範囲内で製剤化され得る。液体又は粘性の組成物は、例えば水、生理食塩水、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水、ポリオール(例えば、グリセロール、プロピレングリコール、液体ポリエチレングリコール等)、及びそれらの好適な混合物を含む溶媒又は分散媒であってもよい、担体を含むことができる。
視神経脊髄炎(NMO)は、主に脊髄及び視神経を標的とし、麻痺及び失明をもたらす再発性自己免疫疾患である(1)。AQP4に対する免疫反応に関わる非常に特異的な抗アクアポリン4(AQP4)IgG1バイオマーカーの発見は、急性NMO病変内の液性及び細胞性の両方の病理によって証明された(2、3)。疾患病因における循環抗AQP4抗体の役割に着目した幾つかの先のNMOのマウス及びラットのモデルは、抗体それ自体では疾患を誘導するのに不十分であったが、ミエリン応答性T細胞によって誘導された実験的な自己免疫脳脊髄炎を増悪し得たと結論付けた(4〜8)。抗AQP4抗体が神経系において星状細胞上でAQP4に対して受動アクセスを有した場合、抗体は実験条件下でAQP4に結合し、星状細胞に対する補体媒介損傷に関与し得たという豊富な証拠が存在した(9〜11)。まとめると、これらの研究は、NMO攻撃の誘発におけるよりも、NMO再発に由来する星状細胞の損傷の増大における抗AQP4抗体に対する重要な役割を示し、NMOの免疫病因における上流に関与し得る他のAQP4特異的免疫成分に関する研究を促す。各受動移入研究では、抗AQP4抗体は、中枢神経系に対してT細胞に基づく自己免疫攻撃に関してのみ病原性であった。
本発明のAQP4ペプチド、又はそれをコードする核酸分子を含む組成物は、全身的に提供されてもよく、又は新生物、病原体感染、又は感染性疾患の治療のため被験体に直接提供されてもよい。或る一つの実施形態では、本発明の組成物は、目的の臓器(例えば、新生物によって冒された臓器)に直接注射される。代替的には、例えば循環系(例えば腫瘍脈管構造)への投与よって、組成物を目的の臓器に間接的に提供する。
ラパザミン、二塩化チタノセン、塩酸トポテカン、トプサンチン、トレミフェン、クエン酸トレミフェン、全能性幹細胞因子、翻訳阻害剤、トレストロンアセテート、トレチノイン、トリアセチルウリジン、トリシリビン、トリシリビンリン酸塩、トリメトレキセート、トリメトレキセートグルクロン酸塩、トリプトレリン、トロピセトロン、塩酸チューブロゾル、トロンステリド、チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤、チルホスチン、UBC阻害剤、ウベニメックス、ウラシルマスタード、ウレデパ、尿生殖器洞由来成長阻害因子、ウロキナーゼ受容体アンタゴニスト、バプレオチド、バリオリンB、ベラセロール、ベラミン、ベルジン、ベルテポルフィン、硫酸ビンブラスチン、硫酸ビンクリスチン、ビンデシン、硫酸ビンデシン、硫酸ビネピジン硫酸、ビングリシナート、硫酸ビンロイロシン、ビノレルビン、酒石酸ビノレルビン、硫酸ビンロシジン、ビンキサルチン(vinxaltine)、硫酸ビンゾリジン、ビタキシン、ボロゾール、ザノテロン、ゼニプラチン、ジラスコーブ、ジノスタチン、ジノスタチンスチマラマー、並びに塩酸ザルビシン、また同様に、それらの塩、ホモログ、アナログ、誘導体、鏡像異性体、及び/又は機能的に等価な組成物が挙げられる。
本発明のいずれかの組成物を治療的有効量で被験体に投与してもよい。本明細書で使用される「治療的有効量」又は「有効」量若しくは用量は、被験体内で免疫性又は耐性を誘導する、及び/又は被験体がより効果的にNMOの症状を軽減する若しくは全体的にNMOを改善することを可能とするのに必要な量を意味する。被験体に投与された場合、有効量は、治療される特定の状態及び所望の結果に依存する。治療的有効用量は、例えば、以下にさらに記載されるもの等の要因を用い、また日常的な実験野範囲内で、当業者によって決定され得る。
本明細書において、被験体においてNMOを治療する方法及び/又はNMOに対して被験体を免疫する方法が提供される。
特定の実施形態では、本発明は、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体を治療する医薬キットであって、治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチド及び/又はループC配列含有ペプチド、又は治療的有効量のその変異体及び/又はフラグメントと、前記個体を治療するための指示書とを備える医薬キットを提供する。或る実施形態では、本発明の治療剤を含有する滅菌容器を備え、かかる容器は、箱、アンプル、瓶、バイアル、管、袋、パウチ、ブリスターパック、又は当該技術分野で既知の好適な容器の形態であってもよい。かかる容器は、プラスチック、ガラス、ラミネート紙、金属箔、又は医薬品を保持するのに適した他の材料で作製されてもよい。
野生型マウスに養子移植した場合に野生型マウスにNMO様疾患を引き起こした、病原性AQP4応答性T細胞をAQP4ヌルマウスにおいて産生するため、独特のアプローチを採用した。Tヘルパー17表現型に対するAQP4応答性T細胞の極性化は、表現型を増強し、視神経及び脊髄の炎症及び脱髄をもたらした。特に、マウスにおける病原性AQP4応答性T細胞を使用するNMOの血清陰性モデルは、Th17表現型に対して極性化され、野生型マウスに移植された場合に尾及び四肢の脱力をもたらした、AQP4の第2の細胞外ループであるループC(例えば、ループC配列含有ペプチド、配列番号8)に対応するペプチドによってAQP4ヌルマウスを免疫することによって作製された。組織学は、脳と同様に脊髄及び視神経全体に亘る脱髄及びT細胞浸潤を示した。予想外なことに、AQP4応答性T細胞は抗AQP4抗体無しにマウスにおいてNMO様疾患を誘発するのに十分であり、病原性AQP4応答性T細胞がヒトにおいて同様の役割を果たす可能性があることを示した。マウスにおける幅広いAQP4発現にもかかわらず、実質臓器の炎症の他の証拠はなく、ヒトNMO疾患のモデリングに対するこのアプローチの特異性を支持した。
動物
C57BL/6バックグラウンドに対して戻し交雑されたアクアポリン−4ヌルマウスをErlend Nagelhus(ノルウェー国オスローのオスロー大学)から得て、室内で繁殖させた。6週齢〜8週齢の雌性C57BL/6をThe Jackson Laboratoryから購入した。全てのマウスを病原体フリーで12時間の人工明暗サイクルのもと飼育し、食物及び水に自由にアクセスさせた。ジョンズ・ホプキンス研究所実験動物委員会は全ての実験手順を承認した。
注射の2日前に樹脂に基づく精製法(Melon Gel IgG Purificationキット、Thermo Scientific)を使用して、血漿交換を受けている患者の血漿からヒトIgG画分を精製した。精製したIgGをスピンカラム遠心分離(Amicon Ultra、100kD MWカットオフ)により濃縮し、100μlの腹腔内注射のため最終タンパク質濃度を25mg/mlに調整した。Mayo臨床NMO−IgGアッセイにより全てのNMOタンパク質はNMO−IgGに対して血清陽性と確認し、3名の患者に由来するNMO血漿試料を精製前にプールした。ヒトIgG画分(対照IgG)を得た。研究に試料を使用するためのインフォームドコンセントによって無名化(deidentified)された方式で、ジョンズ・ホプキンス研究所治験審査委員会によって承認されたプロトコルにより全ての試料を得た。
ジョンズ・ホプキンス合成及び配列決定基盤施設においてアクアポリン−4細胞外ループペプチド(ヒト56〜69、135〜53及び212〜30)を合成した。120mg/mlのストック溶液をDMSO中に作製した。3つ全てのペプチドを各々2mg/mlでリン酸緩衝生理食塩水にさらに希釈し、不完全アジュバント(Imject;Thermo−Fisher)(14)中8mg/mlの加熱殺菌した結核菌(M.tuberculosis)H37Ra(Difco)を含む完全アジュバントと共に1:1で混合した。アクアポリン−4KO及びシンジェニックC57Bl/6マウス(米国マサチューセッツ州ジャクソン)を合計100μlエマルジョンを用いて側腹部に免疫した。また、0日目及び2日目に250ngの百日咳毒素(Tocris)によりマウスを腹腔内注射した。免疫の23日後、脾臓を採取し、脾臓をシリンジプランジャーを使用して70μmのセルストレーナー(Becton Dickenson)に押し通して細胞単一(singe)細胞懸濁物を作製した。2mlのACKリシス溶液中(米国メリーランド州のQuality Biological)に室温にて2分間、各脾臓を再懸濁することによって赤血球を枯渇させ、その後培地で洗浄した。細胞を計数し、Glutamax、1%必須アミノ酸、1%ピルビン酸ナトリウム、抗生物質−抗真菌剤(Life Technologies,Inc.)、10%仔ウシ血清(Sigma)、及び50μMベタメルカプトエタノール(Sigma)で補足したRPMI1640中、1ウェル当たり3×105細胞で96ウェル平底プレートに播種した。ペプチドを含有する100マイクロリットルの培地(最終濃度:10μg/ml):MOG 35−55 、Aqp4 56−69(ループA)、Aqp4135−53(ループC関連)、又はAqp4212−30(ループE)をウェルに三連で添加した。
ペプチドを添加しない培地、又は0.1%DMSOを含有する培地は、「刺激無し(NS)」バックグラウンド対照としての役割を果たした。加湿雰囲気下37℃、5%CO2のインキュベータで4日間培養した後、0.5マイクロCuの3H−チミジン(Perkin−elmer)を含有する10μlの溶液を各ウェルに添加し、さらに18時間インキュベートした。細胞を濾紙マットに採取した。乾燥後、マットをシンチレーション液で処理し、3H取込みについてアッセイした。結果をカウント毎分(cpm)として表す。
初期の実験では、DMSO/PBS中AQP4の第2の細胞外ループ、ループCに対応するペプチド(配列番号6)によるAQP4ヌルマウスの免疫を、0日目にフロイントアジュバントと共に皮下注射した。23日目に脾臓を採取し、バルクNH4溶解し(bulk NH4−lysed)、標準培地中で培養した。T細胞増殖アッセイについて、12.5mg/mlの加熱殺菌した結核菌を含有する最終濃度10mgの不完全フロイントアジュバントのペプチド:したがって、各動物は625μgの結核菌を受けた(0日目)。百日咳毒素(300ng)を0日目及び2日目に腹腔内投与した。動物を毎日計量し、盲検(blinded examiner)により標準化した5点の障害スケールに基づいて点数を付けた(Jones et al.2008)。プールしたNMO血漿又は対照ヒト血漿のいずれかから精製されたヒトIgGの一連の4回の腹腔内注射を合計10mg/動物に対して13日目、14日目、18日目、及び19日目に投与した。ビヒクル対照は等容量のPBSを受けた。
ELISPOTアッセイを使用して極性化及び非極性化された細胞培養物におけるサイトカイン産生細胞の頻度を特定した。免疫化されたAQP4ヌルマウスから細胞を採取する前日に、イモビロンP−底96ウェルプレート(Multiscreen(登録商標)HTS、0.45μm孔径;米国EMB Millipore)のウェルを35%エタノールで30秒間プリウェット(pre−wet)し、被覆バッファーで3回洗浄し、ELISPOT Ready−Set−Goキット(eBioscience)より提供される50μlの1:250希釈の捕捉抗体である抗IL17(Th17)で被覆した。プレートを被覆して4℃で一晩インキュベートした。その後、ウェルを被覆バッファーで2回洗浄し、完全培地で1回洗浄し、細胞が用意されるまでプレートをインキュベータに保存した。脾臓及びリンパ節を上に記載されるよう、また極性化条件で及びその条件によらずに調製した。採取した細胞を、抗原提示細胞(APC)として3×107照射脾臓細胞(3,500radで照射)を含む培地に2倍連続希釈したところ、12:1で1ウェル当たり1.25×105リンパ節細胞と混合されたAPCは、最も明確なスポットを生じた。一晩の培養の後、ウェルを洗浄した(TBS+0.05%Tween(登録商標)−20)。検出抗体をキットに提供される希釈剤に1:250に希釈し、室温にて2時間に亘り50μlを各ウェルに適用した。洗浄後、ストレプトアビジン−アルカリホスファターゼを各ウェル(1:2500;Sigma)に45分間添加した。更なる洗浄の後、暗所において室温で10分間、BCIP及びNBT(すなわち、4mMのレバミソール(Sigma)、0.15mg/ml 5−ブロモ−4−クロロ−3−インドリル−ホスフェート、及び0.36mg/mlの4−ニトロブルーテトラゾリウムクロリド(Roche)で補足された150mM Tris−HCl、5mM MgCl2、100mM NaCl、pH9.5)を含む現像液でシグナルを現像した。反応をPBSで洗浄することにより停止した後、風乾前に蒸留H2Oで洗浄した。スポットをImmunospot Series 3 Analyzer(Cellular Technology,Ltd.)により画像化し、Image J及び「find Maxima」機能を使用して計数した。結果を、1ウェル当たり106細胞当たりに調整して、三連の値の平均(±平均の標準誤差、SEM)として表す。ステューデントT検定をデータに対して行い、p<0.05を統計学的に有意とした。
イソフルラン(isofluorane)により麻酔し、心臓穿刺により最初にPBS、その後新たに作製した4%パラホルムアルデヒド溶液により灌流した。視神経及び脊髄を採取し、一晩固定し、30%ショ糖中で凍結保存し、切片作製のため冷凍した。O.C.T. Compound(TissueTek(登録商標))中に組織を包埋した後、10ミクロン〜30ミクロンの切片をSuperfrost Plus Microscope Slides(Fisher brand)に固定した。ヒト抗体がマウスの中枢神経系に入ることを追跡する目的のため、最後のヒトIgGの腹腔内注射の20分後に第1のコホートの動物を犠牲した。第2のコホートの動物を犠牲し、疾患誘導の62日目に同様の方法で組織を調製した。
エリクロムシアニンを使用して切片組織における脱髄病変を特定した。エリクロムシアニンを450mlの0.5%H2SO4(0.2%)に溶解し、最終濃度0.4%まで10%FeCl3を添加してエリクロムシアニン溶液を作製した。切片組織を100%エタノール、95%エタノール、70%エタノール、及び蒸留水で各々10分間連続洗浄することにより水和した後、エリクロムシアニン溶液に15分間浸漬した。染色後、新たに作製した0.1%NH4OH中で20秒間〜30秒間に亘り識別を行い、蒸留水で洗浄することによって停止した。スライドを以下に記載されるように固定した。アセテートバッファー中0.1%エオシンYで切片を対比染色した。マイクロ波加圧調理器において0.05Mホウ酸ナトリウム(pH8.0)中の熱媒介抗原賦活化を行う前に、生理食塩水中で切片を洗浄することによりCD3+T細胞に対する免疫組織化学染色を行った。バッファーに浸漬したスライドを最大圧力が達成されるまで最大出力で(5分間)マイクロ波で加熱した後、20%の出力でさらに7分間加熱した。3分間の冷却及び室温の生理食塩水によるスライド容器の浸水の後、内因性ペルオキシダーゼをクエンチするためスライドを20分間3% H2O2に移し、アビジン/ビオチンブロッキングキット(Vector Laboratories,Inc.)を使用して内因性ビオチンをブロックした。室温にて30分間、0.1% Triton(登録商標)X−100中5%ヤギ血清により非特異的結合をブロックした。抗CD3ウサギモノクローナル抗体(クローンSP7;米国Gene Tex)を1:75で4℃で一晩適用し、ビオチニル化ヤギ抗ウサギIgG(1:1000;Vector Laboratories,Inc.)の後、アビジン−ビオチン複合体−セイヨウワサビペルオキシダーゼ((Vector Laboratories,Inc.)によって検出した。シグナルを0.03%H2O2を含むPBS中0.5mg/mlのジアミノベンジジンHClにより5分間現像した。洗浄後、スライドにFast Green対比染色を行い、脱水し、固定した。ミエリン及びCD3染色の定量及び分析は記載される通りである(7)。グリア線維酸性タンパク質(GFAP)、ミエリンに対するミエリン塩基性タンパク質、及びアクアポリン−4を、マウス抗GFAP(1:1000;Sigma)、ウサギモノクローナル抗MBP(1:250;Epitomics/Abcam)、及びウサギ抗AQP4(H−19)(1:250;Santa Cruz Biotechnology)を4℃で一晩適用した後、ヤギAlexa Fluor(登録商標)555−複合抗ウサギIgG及びFluor(登録商標)488−複合抗マウスIgG(1:250;Life Technologies/Molecular Probes)で室温にて30分間適用する免疫蛍光法(抗原賦活を伴わない)により調べた。蛍光切片を2μg/ml 4’,6−ジアミジノ−2−フェニルインドール(DAPI)を含むFluorogel(Electron Microscopy Sciences)により固定し、透明なマニキュアにより密封した。
当業者は、日常的な実験のみによって、本明細書に記載される具体的な実施形態及び方法に対する多くの等価物を認識する、又は確認することが可能である。かかる等価物は、以下の特許請求の範囲によって包含されることが意図される。
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11. Saadoun S, Waters P, Macdonald C, Bridges LR, Bell BA, Vincent A, Verkman AS, Papadopoulos MC. 2011. T cell deficiency does not reduce lesions in mice produced by intracerebral injection of NMO-IgG and complement. J Neuroimmunol 235: 27-32.
12. Nelson PA, Khodadoust M, Prodhomme T, Spencer C, Patarroyo JC, Varrin-Doyer M, Ho JD, Stroud RM, Zamvil SS. 2010. Immunodominant T cell determinants of aquaporin-4, the autoantigen associated with neuromyelitis optica. PLoS One 5: e15050.
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18. Saadoun S, Waters P, Leite MI, Bennett JL, Vincent A, Papadopoulos MC. 2013. Neuromyelitis optica IgG causes placental inflammation and fetal death. J Immunol 191: 2999-3005.
19. Iorio R, Fryer JP, Hinson SR, Fallier-Becker P, Wolburg H, Pittock SJ, Lennon VA. 2013. Astrocytic autoantibody of neuromyelitis optica (NMO-IgG) binds to aquaporin-4 extracellular loops, monomers, tetramers and high order arrays. J Autoimmun 40: 21-7.
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Claims (87)
- 治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP)水チャネルのループCペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)の治療用医薬組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- アクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチドが配列番号1であるか、又はそれと少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドである、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動薬、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、アルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標))、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
- 免疫原的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチド、又はその免疫原性のフラグメント若しくは変異体を含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する患者を免疫するための免疫化組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項9に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項9に記載の免疫化組成物。
- アクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチドが配列番号1、又はそれと少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドである、請求項9に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項9に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項9に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNFタンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項14に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、アルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標))、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項14に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を投与することを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体を治療する方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- アクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチドが配列番号1、又はそれと少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標))、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 免疫原的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチド、又は免疫原的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を投与することを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体において耐性応答を誘導する方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- アクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチドが配列番号1、又はそれと少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するポリペプチドである、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標)、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体を治療するための医薬キットであって、治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループCペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体と、前記個体を治療するための指示書を備える、医薬キット。
- 前記キットが免疫抑制療法をさらに備える、請求項33に記載の医薬キット。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項34に記載の医薬キット。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標)、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項34に記載の医薬キット。
- 治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループA及び/又はBペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそれらのフラグメント若しくは変異体をさらに含む、請求項1又は9に記載の組成物。
- 治療的有効量の第2のNMO治療を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項17又は25に記載の方法。
- 治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループA及び/又はループBのペプチド、又は治療的有効量のそれらのフラグメント若しくは変異体投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項17又は25に記載の方法。
- 配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ、治療的有効量の50又はアミノ酸以下の長さのペプチドを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を治療するための医薬組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項40に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項40に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ペプチドが配列番号8の17以上の連続するアミノ酸残基を含む、前記ペプチドが配列番号8を含んでもよい、前記ペプチドが配列番号8であってもよい、請求項40に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項40に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項40に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項45に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標))、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項45に記載の医薬組成物。
- 配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50アミノ酸以下の長さの免疫原的有効量のペプチドを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する患者を免疫する免疫化組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項48に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項48に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記ペプチドが配列番号8の17以上の連続するアミノ酸残基を含む、前記ペプチドが配列番号8を含んでもよい、前記ペプチドが配列番号8であってもよい、請求項48に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項48に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項48に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項53に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標)、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項53に記載の免疫化組成物。
- 配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50又はアミノ酸以下の長さのペプチドを投与することを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する患者を治療する方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが配列番号8の17以上の連続するアミノ酸残基を含む、前記ペプチドが配列番号8を含んでもよい、前記ペプチドが配列番号8であってもよい、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標)、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項61に記載の方法。
- 配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50又はアミノ酸以下の長さのペプチドを投与することを含む、視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体において耐性応答を誘導する方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が単相性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記視神経脊髄炎(NMO)が再発性視神経脊髄炎(NMO)である、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記ペプチドが配列番号8の17以上の連続するアミノ酸残基を含む、前記ペプチドが配列番号8を含んでもよい、前記ペプチドが配列番号8であってもよい、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記治療的有効量が耐性応答を誘導するのに十分である、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項64に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標)、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項69に記載の方法。
- 視神経脊髄炎(NMO)を有する個体を治療するための医薬キットであって、配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50又はアミノ酸以下の長さの治療的有効用量のペプチドと、前記個体を治療するための指示書を備える、医薬キット。
- 前記キットが免疫抑制療法をさらに含む、請求項72に記載の医療キット。
- 前記免疫抑制療法が、糖質コルチコイド剤、細胞増殖抑制剤、抗体、イムノフィリン作動剤、インターフェロン、オピオイド、TNF結合タンパク質、及びミコフェノール酸からなる群から選択される、請求項73に記載の医療キット。
- 前記免疫抑制療法がアルキル化剤、ナイトロジェンマスタード(シクロホスファミド)、ニトロソウレア、白金化合物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、フルオロウラシル、タンパク質合成阻害剤、ダクチノマイシン、アントラサイクリン、マイトマイシンC、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、IL−2受容体に対する抗体、CD3に対する抗体、ムロノナブ−CD3、シクロスポリン(Sandimmune(登録商標))、タクロリムス(Prograf(登録商標))、シロリムス(Rapamune(登録商標))、IFN−ベータ、インフリキシマブ(Remicade(登録商標))、エタネルセプト(Enbrel(登録商標))、アダリムマブ(Humira(登録商標))、フィンゴリモド、レフルノミド、リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標)、MabThera(登録商標)、又はZytux(登録商標))、エクリズマブ(Soliris(登録商標))、インターフェロンベータ−1a(Avonex(登録商標))、ナタリズマブ(Tysabri(登録商標))及びマロノニトリルアミド(MNA)である、請求項73に記載の医療キット。
- 治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループA及び/又はループBのペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体をさらに含む、請求項40又は48に記載の組成物。
- 治療的有効量の第2のNMO治療を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項56又は64に記載の方法。
- 治療的有効量のアクアポリン−4(AQP4)水チャネルのループA及び/又はループBのペプチド、又は治療的に有効なそのフラグメント若しくは変異体を投与する工程をさらに含む、請求項56又は64に記載の方法。
- 前記AQP4のループCペプチド、又は配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50又はアミノ酸以下の長さの前記ペプチドが、脊髄炎症に起因する麻痺及び視神経炎症に起因する視力障害からなる群から選択される神経学的症状を前記ペプチドが投与されたマウスにおいて誘導する、上記請求項のいずれかに記載の医薬組成物、方法、免疫化組成物又は医薬キット。
- 前記ペプチドがマウスにおいて、対応する量の配列番号9が適切な対照マウスにおいて誘導するよりも大きな神経学的症状を誘導する、請求項79に記載の医薬組成物、方法、免疫化組成物、又は医薬キット。
- 被験体においてNMOを検出する方法であって、
a)被験体からT細胞及び/又は抗体含有試料を得ること、
b)前記試料と、配列番号8特異的抗体−配列番号8ペプチド複合体の形成を可能とする、又は配列番号8特異的な方式でT細胞活性化を可能とするのに十分な量で配列番号8又はそのフラグメント若しくは変異体からからなるペプチドとを接触させること、並びに
c)T細胞活性化又は配列番号8特異的抗体−配列番号8ペプチド複合体の形成を検出し、T細胞活性化又は前記配列番号8特異的抗体−配列番号8ペプチド複合体の形成が、前記被験体がNMOを有することを示し、それによって被験体においてNMOを検出すること、
を含む、被験体においてNMOを検出する方法。 - 前記T細胞及び/又は抗体含有試料が血液試料である、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体に対するNMO療法、任意に免疫抑制療法及び/又はAQP4ワクチン若しくは免疫寛容療法の投与をさらに含み、任意に、配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50又はアミノ酸以下の長さの治療的有効量のペプチドの投与を含む、請求項81に記載の方法。
- 被験体においてNMOを検出するキットであって、配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持ち、被験体の試料と接触させた場合にT細胞活性化を誘導し、それにより被験体におけるNMOを示す50又はアミノ酸以下の長さのペプチドと、その使用のための指示書を備える、被験体においてNMOを検出するキット。
- 前記ペプチドが配列番号8である、請求項84に記載のキット。
- 配列番号8と整列させた場合に配列番号8の17以上のアミノ酸残基を持つ50又はアミノ酸以下の長さのペプチドのマウスへの投与によって誘導されるNMOモデルマウス。
- 候補NMO治療化合物を同定する方法であって、請求項86に記載のNMOモデルマウスに試験化合物を投与すること、及び前記試験化合物の存在下において任意に適切な対照と比較される前記NMOモデルマウスの神経症状の改善を同定し、それによって前記試験化合物を候補NMO治療薬として同定することを含む、候補NMO治療化合物を同定する方法。
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