JP2017520237A - ニューロン障害のための診断方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2014年4月22日に出願された、米国仮特許出願第61/982,589号の利益および優先権を主張し、その内容は、参照によって援用される。
本発明は、ニューロンに影響を及ぼす疾患を診断するための光学的方法に関する。
1.細胞を得る
2.細胞をニューロン、心筋細胞、または特異的な神経亜型へと転換する
2a.細胞のiPSへの転換およびiPSの特異的細胞型への転換
2b.細胞の特異的細胞型への直接的な転換
2c.分化細胞の維持
3.対照細胞系または対照シグネチャー
4.細胞に光遺伝学的系を発現させる
4a.細胞に光遺伝学的レポーターを発現させる
4b.細胞に光遺伝学的アクチュエーターを発現させる
4c.光遺伝学的系を発現させるためのベクター
4d.電位およびCa2+の同時的な測定のための光遺伝学的構築物および播種スキーム
4e.マルチモードセンシング/マルチプレックス化
4f.光学的リードアウト
4g.空間的分離
4h.のパターン化した照射
4i.電位イメージングのための平板の調製
4j.同時的な電位イメージングおよびカルシウムイメージングのための平板の調製
5.イメージング活動アッセイ
5a.画像の捕捉
5b.動画からの蛍光の抽出
6.シグナルの処理
6a.シグナルを細胞と関連させる、独立成分分析によるシグナルの処理
6b.サブナイキスト活動電位タイミング (SNAPT)を介するシグナルの処理
7.診断
8.さらなる方法
9.疾患モデル
i.自閉症
ii.てんかん
iii.ALS
iv.結節性硬化症
v.NGN2ニューロン
10.本発明のシステム
参照による組込み
同等物
SOD1遺伝子における単一遺伝子性変異(SOD1A4V)に由来する、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)の運動ニューロンモデルの光学的分化
(1)線維芽細胞は、ALSを有すると診断され、SOD1における変異を確認された患者から採取した。
(2)線維芽細胞を、人工多能性幹(iPS)細胞へと転換した。
(3)ジンクフィンガードメインを使用して、第2の遺伝子補正細胞系(Sod1V4A)を生成する結果として、2つの、他の点では同系の細胞系をもたらした。
(4)胚様体を使用して、疾患iPS細胞および補正iPS細胞を、運動ニューロンへと分化させた。
(5)分化させた運動ニューロンを解離させ、ポリ−d−リシンおよびラミニンでコーティングされたガラス製カバースリップへと播種した。
(6)運動ニューロンに、N2、B27、GDNF、BDNF、およびCTNFを補充したneurobasal培地を供給した。
(7)培養の4日後、ニューロンに、遺伝子コード型蛍光電位レポーター(QuasAr2)および光電位アクチュエーター(CheRiff)を保持するレンチウイルスを感染させた。
(8)ニューロンを、感染後8〜10日間にわたり、さらに成熟させた。
(9)ニューロンを、高解像度の顕微鏡上で、電位イメージングのための640nmのレーザー(600W/cm)によりイメージングし、488nmのレーザー(20〜200mW/cm)で励起した。
(10)赤色光および青色光のパルス列を使用して、電位についての光学的刺激の増大下における活動電位を記録した(図6)。
(11)疾患運動ニューロンおよび補正運動ニューロンに由来する細胞集団を測定した。
(12)独立成分分析を使用して、視野内の個別の細胞を単離した(図7〜10)。
(13)光退色を除去し、中央値フィルタリングされた出力波形を差し引き、ノイズ閾値を上回るデータを単離することにより、活動電位を同定した。
(14)細胞の興奮性は、各青色光刺激の間にスパイクが発生する確率と、無刺激(自発発火)の間にスパイクが発生する確率とにより測定した(図19)。
Claims (31)
- 状態を診断する方法であって、
該状態を有することが疑われる人間から入手可能な細胞を得るステップと;
前記細胞に、電気活動についての光レポーターを発現させるステップと;
該細胞の光学的刺激に応答して該光レポーターにより発せられるシグネチャーを観察するステップと;
該観察されたシグネチャーを、予測されるシグネチャーと比較するステップと
を含み、該観察されたシグネチャーと該予測されるシグネチャーとの間の差異が、該状態についての陽性の診断に対応する方法。 - 前記細胞に、前記光学的刺激に応答して活動電位を惹起する光アクチュエーターを発現させるステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞の前記刺激が、前記光アクチュエーターを照射することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞を得るステップが、体細胞を被験体から得ること、および該体細胞を電気的に活性な細胞型へと転換することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記体細胞を、ニューロンへと転換する、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記体細胞を、電気的に活性な細胞型へと転換することが、直接的な系列転換;およびiPSの中間段階を介する転換からなるリストから選択される1つを含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記状態を有さないと考えられる対照細胞を得ること、および該対照細胞における対照光レポーターにより発せられる対照シグナルを観察することにより、予測されるシグナルを得るステップをさらに含む、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記対照細胞を得ることが、該対照細胞と前記細胞とが変異を除き同系となるように、前記被験体に由来するゲノムを編集することを含む、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞に前記光レポーターを発現させるステップが、該細胞を、遺伝子コード型蛍光電位レポーターを保持するベクターで形質転換することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ベクターがまた、遺伝子コード型光電位アクチュエーターも含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記シグナルを観察することが、異なる細胞のクラスターを顕微鏡で観察することと、コンピュータを使用して、前記光レポーターにより発せられた前記シグナルを、該異なる細胞に由来する複数のシグナルから単離することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コンピュータで、独立成分分析を実施すること、および前記細胞と関連するスパイク列を同定することにより、前記シグナルを単離する、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記状態が、神経系の疾患を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記状態が、神経変性疾患を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記状態が、コケイン症候群、ダウン症候群、ドラベ症候群、家族性自律神経障害、脆弱X症候群、フリードライヒ運動失調症、ゴーシェ病、遺伝性痙性対麻痺、マシャド−ジョゼフ病、フェラン−マクダーミド症候群(PMDS)、ポリグルタミン(ポリQ)コードCAGリピート、脊髄性筋萎縮症、ティモシー症候群、アルツハイマー病、前頭側頭葉変性症、ハンチントン病、多発性硬化症、パーキンソン病、および球脊髄性筋萎縮症からなるリストから選択される1つを含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記状態が、筋萎縮性側索硬化症を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、SOD1遺伝子における変異を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記変異が、SOD1A4Vである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記観察されたシグナルと前記予測されるシグナルとの間の差異が、対照と比べた前記細胞の前記刺激に応答する電位スパイクの確率の変化を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記観察されたシグナルと前記予測されるシグナルとの間の差異が、対照と比べた前記細胞の前記刺激に応答する電位スパイクの確率の減少、および対照と比べた該細胞の、刺激がない時間において電位スパイクの確率の増大を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 神経学的状態に対する化合物の効果を決定するための方法であって、
化合物を、複数のニューロンを含む試料へと提示するステップであって、該複数のニューロンのうちの少なくとも1つが、膜電位についての光レポーターを発現するステップと;
該化合物の提示の後で、該試料中の光依存性イオンチャネルの光学的刺激に応答して該光レポーターにより発せられる光シグナルを、顕微鏡検査システムを介して受け取るステップと;
該光シグナルに基づき、該化合物を、該神経学的状態を処置するための候補として同定するステップと
を含む方法。 - 複数の試料を、複数の異なる化合物へと曝露する、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記光依存性イオンチャネルが、前記複数のニューロンのうちの前記少なくとも1つとシナプス連絡した第2のニューロンによって発現される藻類チャネルロドプシンを含み、膜電位についての前記光レポーターが、微生物型ロドプシンの野生型形態と比べて1〜10の間のアミノ酸置換を有する該微生物型ロドプシンを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のニューロンのうちの前記少なくとも1つがまた、細胞内カルシウムレベルについての遺伝子コード型インジケーターも発現し、
前記受け取られた光シグナルが、細胞内カルシウムレベルについての該遺伝子コード型インジケーターからのシグナルを含み、さらに、前記神経学的状態が、自閉症、てんかん、アルツハイマー病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、および結節性硬化症のうちの1つである、
請求項23に記載の方法。 - 前記複数のニューロンの各々に、膜電位についての前記光レポーターおよび前記光依存性イオンチャネルの両方を発現させる、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記ニューロンを、膜電位についての前記光レポーターおよび前記光依存性イオンチャネルをコードする核酸を含むベクターで形質転換するステップをさらに含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記神経学的状態が、コケイン症候群、ダウン症候群、ドラベ症候群、家族性自律神経障害、脆弱X症候群、フリードライヒ運動失調症、ゴーシェ病、遺伝性痙性対麻痺、マシャド−ジョゼフ病、フェラン−マクダーミド症候群(PMDS)、ポリグルタミン(ポリQ)コードCAGリピート、脊髄性筋萎縮症、ティモシー症候群、アルツハイマー病、前頭側頭葉変性症、ハンチントン病、多発性硬化症、パーキンソン病、球脊髄性筋萎縮症、および筋萎縮性側索硬化症からなる群から選択される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 対照試料に対して前記ステップを実施するステップをさらに含み、前記試料中の前記ニューロンが、変異を除き該対照試料中の細胞と同系である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記光シグナルを受け取るステップが、細胞のクラスターを顕微鏡で観察すること、およびコンピュータを使用して、前記光レポーターにより発せられたシグナルを、細胞の該クラスターに由来する複数のシグナルの中から単離することを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記コンピュータで、独立成分分析を実施すること、および前記ニューロンによって生じたスパイク列を同定することにより、前記シグナルを単離する、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記顕微鏡検査システムを使用して、細胞の複数のクラスターの画像を得るステップをさらに含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
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