JP2017507917A - 軟骨魚類由来の抗原認識ドメインを使用したキメラ抗原受容体 - Google Patents
軟骨魚類由来の抗原認識ドメインを使用したキメラ抗原受容体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、細胞免疫治療の領域、より具体的には、軟骨魚類のモノクローナル抗体に由来するVNARポリペプチドによって特異性が付与される新世代のキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)に関する。本発明のCARは、特定の抗原、具体的には、薬剤耐性を悪性細胞へ付与するイオンチャネルおよび排出ポンプの成分のような中空抗原へ特異性を向け直すため、免疫細胞の表面に発現され得る。本発明は、特に、難治性癌型の処置のための、効率的な養子免疫治療戦略の道を開く。
エクスビボで生成された自己の抗原特異的T細胞の移入を含む養子免疫治療は、ウイルス感染および癌を処置するための有望な戦略である。養子免疫治療のために使用されるT細胞は、抗原特異的T細胞の増大または遺伝子操作を通したT細胞の向け直しのいずれかによって生成され得る(Park, Rosenberg et al. 2011)。ウイルス抗原特異的T細胞の移入は、移植に関連したウイルス感染および稀なウイルス関連悪性疾患の処置のために使用されている、よく確立された手法である。同様に、腫瘍特異的T細胞の単離および移入は、黒色腫の処置において成功が示されている。
本明細書において特に定義されない限り、使用される技術用語および科学用語は、全て、遺伝子治療、生化学、遺伝学、および分子生物学の領域の当業者によって一般的に理解されるのと同一の意味を有する。
(i)VNARポリペプチドを含む1つの細胞外抗原認識ドメイン;および
(ii)少なくとも1つのシグナル伝達ドメインを含む1つの膜貫通ポリペプチド
を含むことを特徴とするキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)を焦点とする。
本明細書の実施例1ならびに図3および7は、US 7,741,465に記載されるような単一ポリペプチド内に全ての関連するドメインが含有されているCARの古典的編成に対応する、単鎖CARに基づく本発明によるキメラ抗原受容体を例示する。
(a)FcεRIα鎖の一部および細胞外リガンド結合ドメインを含む1つのポリペプチド、
(b)FcεRIβ鎖の一部を含む1つのポリペプチド、および/または
(c)FcεRIγ鎖の一部を含む1つのポリペプチド。
具体的な態様において、2Aペプチドをコードする配列のようなリボソームスキップ配列をコードする核酸配列を含む一つのポリヌクレオチドまたはベクターに、異なる核酸配列を含めることができる。ピコルナウイルスのアフトウイルス亜群において同定された2Aペプチドは、コドンによってコードされた2つのアミノ酸の間にペプチド結合が形成されない、あるコドンから次のコドンへのリボソーム「スキップ」を引き起こす(Donnelly et al., J. of General Virology 82: 1013-1025 (2001); Donnelly et al., J. of Gen. Virology 78: 13-21 (1997); Doronina et al., Mol. And. Cell. Biology 28(13): 4227-4239 (2008); Atkins et al., RNA 13: 803-810 (2007)を参照されたい)。従って、ポリペプチドが、インフレームにある2Aオリゴペプチド配列によって隔てられている時、mRNA内の単一の連続するオープンリーディングフレームから、2つのポリペプチドが合成され得る。そのようなリボソームスキップ機序は、当技術分野において周知であり、単一のメッセンジャーRNAによってコードされた数種のタンパク質の発現のため、数種のベクターによって使用されることが公知である。非限定的な例として、本発明において、2Aペプチドは、細胞内で多鎖CARの様々なポリペプチドを発現するのに使用されている。
本発明は、細胞を操作する方法によって入手可能な単離された細胞または細胞株にも関する。具体的には、単離された細胞は、少なくとも1種の上記の多鎖CARを含む。別の態様において、単離された細胞は、各々異なる細胞外リガンド結合ドメインを含む多鎖CARの集団を含む。具体的には、単離された細胞は、少なくとも1種の多鎖CARを含むポリペプチドをコードする外因性のポリヌクレオチド配列を含む。前記細胞はまた、CD52、GR、TCRα、TCR β、HLA遺伝子、免疫チェックポイント遺伝子(PD1およびCTLA-4など)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の不活性化された遺伝子をさらに含むことができるか、またはpTαトランスジーンを発現することができる。
(a)個体から細胞を得る工程;
(b)TCRα遺伝子またはTCRβ遺伝子を不活化することによって、エクスビボで該細胞を遺伝子修飾する工程;
(c)遺伝子修飾されたT細胞を、該細胞を増幅するために適切な条件でインビトロで培養する工程。
具体的な局面において、細胞を遺伝子修飾する工程のうちの一つは、以下を含む方法であってよい:
(a)免疫抑制剤の標的を発現する少なくとも1種の遺伝子を不活化することによって、T細胞を修飾する工程、および
(b)任意で、免疫抑制剤の存在下で、該細胞を増大させる工程。
(a)好ましくは、細胞培養物からまたは血液試料から、T細胞を準備する工程;
(b)免疫抑制剤の標的を発現しているT細胞において遺伝子を選択する工程;
(c)DNA切断によって、好ましくは、二本鎖破壊によって、免疫抑制剤の標的をコードする遺伝子を選択的に不活化することができる低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼをT細胞へ導入する工程、および
(d)任意で、免疫抑制剤の存在下で、該細胞を増大させる工程。
(a)好ましくは、細胞培養物からまたは血液試料から、T細胞を準備する工程;
(b)免疫抑制剤の標的を発現しているT細胞において遺伝子を選択する工程;
(c)DNA切断によって、好ましくは、二本鎖破壊によって、免疫抑制剤の標的をコードする遺伝子を選択的に不活化することができる低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼをコードする核酸によってT細胞を形質転換する工程、および
(d)T細胞において低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼを発現させる工程;
(e)任意で、免疫抑制剤の存在下で、該細胞を増大させる工程。
具体的な局面において、細胞を遺伝子修飾する一つの具体的な工程は、以下を含む方法であってよい:
(a)少なくとも1種の免疫チェックポイント遺伝子を不活化することによって、T細胞を修飾する工程;および
(b)該細胞を増大させる工程。
(a)好ましくは、細胞培養物からまたは血液試料から、T細胞を準備する工程;
(b)DNA切断によって、好ましくは二本鎖破壊によって、免疫チェックポイントタンパク質をコードする1種の遺伝子を選択的に不活化することができる低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼをT細胞へ導入する工程、
(c)該細胞を増大させる工程。
(a)好ましくは、細胞培養物からまたは血液試料から、T細胞を準備する工程;
(b)DNA切断によって、好ましくは二本鎖破壊によって、免疫チェックポイントタンパク質をコードする遺伝子を選択的に不活化することができる低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼをコードする遺伝子によってT細胞を形質転換する工程;
(c)T細胞において低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼを発現させる工程;
(d)該細胞を増大させる工程。
別の態様において、本発明は、同種免疫治療のために特に適当であり得る。この場合、細胞を遺伝子修飾する工程のうちの一つは、以下の工程を含む方法であり得る:
(a)T細胞受容体(TCR)の成分をコードする少なくとも1種の遺伝子を不活化することによって、T細胞を修飾する工程、
(b)該細胞を増大させる工程。
(a)好ましくは、細胞培養物からまたは血液試料から、T細胞を準備する工程;
DNA切断によって、好ましくは二本鎖破壊によって、T細胞受容体(TCR)の成分をコードする少なくとも1種の遺伝子を選択的に不活化することができる低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼをT細胞へ導入する工程、
(b)該細胞を増大させる工程。
(a)好ましくは、細胞培養物からまたは血液試料から、T細胞を準備する工程;
(b)DNA切断によって、好ましくは二本鎖破壊によって、T細胞受容体(TCR)の成分をコードする少なくとも1種の遺伝子を選択的に不活化することができる低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼによってT細胞を形質転換する工程;
(c)T細胞において低頻度切断エンドヌクレアーゼを発現させる工程;
(d)細胞表面上にTCRを発現していない形質転換されたT細胞を分取する工程;
(e)該細胞を増大させる工程。
T細胞は、例えば、米国特許第6,352,694号;第6,534,055号;第6,905,680号;第6,692,964号;第5,858,358号;第6,887,466号;第6,905,681号;第7,144,575号;第7,067,318号;第7,172,869号;第7,232,566号;第7,175,843号;第5,883,223号;第6,905,874号;第6,797,514号;第6,867,041号;および米国特許出願公開第20060121005号に記載されるような方法に概ねしたがって、遺伝子改変の前であっても後であっても活性化させることができ、インビトロまたはインビボで増大させることができる。通常、これらは、T細胞の表面上のCD3 TCR複合体および共刺激分子を刺激してT細胞のための活性化シグナルを生成する薬剤との接触によって増大する。例えば、カルシウムイオノフォアA23187、ホルボール12-ミリステート13-アセテート(PMA)、またはフィトヘマグルチニン(PHA)のような分裂促進性レクチンのような化学物質が、T細胞のための活性化シグナルを生成するために使用され得る。非限定的な例として、T細胞集団は、例えば、表面に固定された抗CD3抗体もしくはその抗原結合断片もしくは抗CD2抗体と接触させることによって、またはカルシウムイオノフォアと共にプロテインキナーゼC活性化剤(例えば、ブリオスタチン)と接触させることによって、インビトロで刺激され得る。T細胞の表面上のアクセサリー分子の共刺激のため、アクセサリー分子に結合するリガンドが使用される。例えば、T細胞の集団は、T細胞の増殖を刺激するために適切な条件の下で、抗CD3抗体および抗CD28抗体と接触させることができる。CD4+T細胞またはCD8+T細胞のいずれかの増殖を刺激するためには、抗CD3抗体および抗CD28抗体。例えば、各シグナルを提供する薬剤は、溶液中に存在してもよいし、または表面にカップリングされていてもよい。当業者が容易に認識し得るように、粒子と細胞との比は、標的細胞と比べた粒子サイズに依存し得る。本発明のさらなる態様において、T細胞のような細胞を、薬剤によってコーティングされたビーズと組み合わせ、その後、ビーズと細胞とを分離し、次いで、細胞を培養する。別の態様において、培養前に、薬剤によってコーティングされたビーズと細胞とを分離せず、共に培養する。T細胞培養のために適切な条件には、血清(例えば、ウシ胎仔血清もしくはヒト胎児血清)、インターロイキン2(IL-2)、インスリン、IFN-g、1L-4、1L-7、GM-CSF、-10、-2、1L-15、TGFp、およびTNF-、または当業者に公知の細胞の増殖のためのその他の添加剤を含む、増殖および生存可能性のために必要な因子を含有し得る適切な培地(例えば、最小必須培地またはRPMI培地1640またはX-vivo 5(Lonza))が含まれる。細胞の増殖のためのその他の添加剤には、界面活性剤、プラスマネート(plasmanate)、ならびにN-アセチル-システインおよび2-メルカプトエタノールのような還元剤が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。培地には、アミノ酸、ピルビン酸ナトリウム、およびビタミンが添加されており、無血清であるか、または適切な量の血清(もしくは血漿)もしくはホルモンの定義されたセットおよび/もしくはT細胞の増殖および増大のために十分な量のサイトカインが補足されている、RPMI 1640、A1M-V、DMEM、MEM、a-MEM、F-12、X-Vivo 1、およびX-Vivo 20、Optimizerが含まれ得る。抗生物質、例えばペニシリンおよびストレプトマイシンは、実験的培養にのみ含まれ、対象へ注入される細胞の培養物には含まれない。標的細胞は、増殖を支持するのに必要な条件、例えば、適切な温度(例えば、37℃)および雰囲気(例えば、空気+5%C02)で維持される。様々な刺激時間に曝されたT細胞は、異なる特徴を示し得る。
既に記載されたような操作され単離された免疫細胞は、特に、その必要のある患者において癌または感染症を処置するための医薬として使用され得る。本発明はより具体的には、以下の工程のうちの少なくとも一つを含む、患者を処置する方法に関する:
(a)既に記載された方法のいずれかによって入手可能な免疫細胞を準備する工程;
(b)形質転換された免疫細胞を患者へ投与する工程。
ポリペプチド配列内のアミノ酸残基は、1文字コードによって本明細書において表記され、例えば、QはGln、すなわちグルタミン残基を意味し、RはArg、すなわちアルギニン残基を意味し、DはAsp、すなわちアスパラギン酸残基を意味する。
図6および7にそれぞれ例示された以下の転写物を用いて同一のプロトコルに従った:
−CD19抗原に対するVNAR-CAR単鎖ポリペプチドをコードするSEQ ID NO:110の単シストロン転写物。この転写物は、共刺激ドメイン4-1BB、およびITAMを含むシグナリングドメインCD3ζにそれ自体が融合した、CD8α由来の膜貫通ドメインに融合した、足場SEQ ID NO:1に由来するVNARポリペプチド抗CD19を含む単鎖ポリペプチドをコードする。
−CD19抗原に対するマルチサブユニットCARをコードするSEQ ID NO:105の多シストロン転写物。翻訳された配列を異なる鎖へ分割するため、T2A配列およびF2A配列が導入されている。第1の鎖は、FcεRIα鎖の膜貫通ドメインに連結された外部VNARポリペプチド抗CD19(単鎖CARと同一物)をコードする。
Claims (33)
- (i)VNARポリペプチドを含む1つの細胞外抗原認識ドメイン;および
(ii)少なくとも1つのシグナル伝達ドメインを含む1つの膜貫通ポリペプチド
を含むことを特徴とするキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)。 - 抗原認識ドメインが、CDR1およびCDR3と呼ばれる2つの相補性決定領域(CDR)のみを含む、請求項1記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 抗原認識ドメインが1つの相補性決定領域(CDR3)のみを有する、請求項1記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 抗原に対するCARの認識の特異性がCDR3によって決定される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- CDR3が、VNARポリペプチドに由来する残基とのジスルフィド結合を生成する少なくとも2つのシステイン残基を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 膜貫通領域と細胞外抗原認識ドメインとの間にヒンジ領域をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 細胞外ドメイン全体が150アミノ酸より短い、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- VNARポリペプチドがSEQ ID NO:1〜100のいずれかとの少なくとも50%の配列同一性を有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- VNARポリペプチド配列がヒト化されている、請求項8記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- CARの膜貫通領域が、TCRζ鎖、Fc受容体鎖、免疫受容体チロシン活性化モチーフ(ITAM)からなる群より選択されるシグナル伝達ドメインを含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- CD28、OX40、ICOS、CD137、およびCD8からなる群より選択される共刺激分子をさらに含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 単鎖(single-chain)CARの形態にある、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- 多鎖(multi-chain)CARの形態にある、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体。
- CARのシグナル伝達ドメインおよび細胞外抗原認識ドメインが、同一の鎖に存在せず、二量体または多量体のキメラ抗原受容体を形成するために相互作用する少なくとも2本の異なる鎖に存在する、請求項13記載の多鎖キメラ抗原受容体。
- FcεRI鎖が、合わせて多量体CARを形成するために二量体化するか、三量体化するか、または四量体化するよう、異なる鎖が、FcεRIα鎖、FcεRIβ鎖、および/もしくはFcεRIγ鎖の一部分、またはそれらのバリアントを含む、請求項14記載の多鎖キメラ抗原受容体。
- 共刺激ドメインまたはシグナル化ドメインが膜近傍の位置にあるよう、異なる多量体が集合する、請求項14または15記載の多鎖キメラ抗原受容体。
- 請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載のCARをコードする核酸配列を含む、ポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項14〜16のいずれか一項記載の多鎖CARを構成する2種以上の膜貫通ポリペプチドをコードする核酸配列を含む、ポリヌクレオチド。
- 請求項17または18記載のポリヌクレオチドを含む、ベクター。
- (a)免疫細胞を準備する工程;
(b)請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載の少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体を該細胞の表面に発現させる工程
を含む、免疫細胞を操作する方法。 - (a)免疫細胞を準備する工程;
(b)請求項17または18記載の少なくとも1種のポリヌクレオチドを該細胞へ導入する工程;
(c)ポリヌクレオチドを該細胞において発現させる工程
を含む、請求項20記載の免疫細胞を操作する方法。 - 請求項20または21のいずれか一項記載の方法から入手可能な単離された免疫細胞。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載の少なくとも1種のキメラ抗原受容体を含む単離された免疫細胞。
- 炎症性Tリンパ球、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球、制御性Tリンパ球、またはヘルパーTリンパ球に由来する、請求項22または23のいずれか一項記載の単離された細胞。
- 医薬として使用するための、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項記載の単離された免疫細胞。
- 癌または自己免疫疾患を処置するための医薬として使用するための、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項記載の単離された免疫細胞。
- 液性腫瘍を処置するための医薬として使用するための、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項記載の単離された免疫細胞。
- B細胞悪性疾患を処置するための医薬として使用するための、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項記載の単離された免疫細胞。
- 単独でまたは化学療法と組み合わせて、表面上に排出ポンプのイオンチャネルを発現している薬剤耐性細胞を標的とするための医薬として使用するための、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項記載の単離された免疫細胞。
- 養子免疫治療において使用するための、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項記載の単離された免疫細胞。
- (a)請求項1〜16のいずれか一項記載のキメラ抗原受容体を含む免疫細胞を準備する工程;
(b)該免疫細胞を患者へ投与する工程
を含む、その必要のある患者を処置するための方法。 - (a)の免疫細胞がドナーから得られる(同種モード)、請求項31記載の患者を処置するための方法。
- (a)の免疫細胞がその必要のある患者から得られる(自己モード)、請求項31記載の患者を処置するための方法。
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EP3494138A1 (en) | 2016-08-02 | 2019-06-12 | TCR2 Therapeutics Inc. | Compositions and methods for tcr reprogramming using fusion proteins |
DK3445787T3 (da) | 2016-10-07 | 2021-03-01 | Tcr2 Therapeutics Inc | Sammensætninger og fremgangsmåder til omprogrammering af t-cellereceptorer under anvendelse af fusionsproteiner |
AU2017363311A1 (en) | 2016-11-22 | 2019-06-13 | TCR2 Therapeutics Inc. | Compositions and methods for TCR reprogramming using fusion proteins |
WO2018160622A1 (en) | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | Endocyte, Inc. | Compositions and methods for car t cell therapy |
EP3638295A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2020-04-22 | TCR2 Therapeutics Inc. | Compositions and methods for tcr reprogramming using fusion proteins |
EP3415527A1 (de) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-12-19 | Technische Universität Dresden | Verwendung der extrazellulären domäne des transferrinrezeptor 2 zur diagnostik und behandlung von primär und sekundär sklerosierenden erkrankungen |
EP3684399A1 (en) | 2017-12-29 | 2020-07-29 | Cellectis | Method for improving production of car t cells |
CN112055595A (zh) | 2018-01-22 | 2020-12-08 | 恩多塞特公司 | Car t细胞的使用方法 |
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