JP2017221978A - Manufacturing method of elbow material, and elbow material manufactured by method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for avoiding greatly generation of sawdust by forming a large diameter part and a small diameter part in a metal rod-like member by plastic working.SOLUTION: A small diameter opening part penetrating in the axial direction of a metal rod-like member 102 is formed, and a large diameter opening part is opened from its one end side to a middle of the metal rod-like member, and a part generated by plastic working of the metal rod-like member by a small diameter mold is removed from the other end side. Thus, a large diameter passage part and a small diameter passage part are formed in the metal rod-like member, then heated at a prescribed temperature, and bent at a prescribed angle by an elbow material bending device, to thereby form a metal elbow material having different diameters.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 9B

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an elbow material and an elbow material manufactured by the method.

  In general, a pipeline for transferring a fluid is connected and coupled using a joint at an appropriate predetermined position. In this case, an elbow is used as a joint when changing the direction of the transfer pipe. When manufacturing this elbow, conventionally, the hole processing is performed from the edge part side of the solid member toward the bending center part. However, drilling from each end side has a problem in that the intersecting portion is smooth as a fluid passage, and further, the manufacturing cost is high because the passage itself needs to be formed by machining. .

  Hereinafter, although it is a little longer, the structure of a preferable bending apparatus used when carrying out the method of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a toggle type link mechanism. In FIG. 1, reference numeral SL1 is a first guide groove provided in the vertical direction in the center of the figure, and a second guide groove SL2 in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the first guide groove is provided on the upper part thereof. It has been. Reference symbol SM is a slide member, which is provided in contact with and slidable on the groove wall surfaces S1 and S2 of the first guide groove SL1. A center pin CP is integrally attached to the front side of the slide member SM. One end of each of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 is rotatably attached to the center pin CP. On the other hand, support pins SP1 and SP2 are rotatably attached to the other end portions of the guide plates GP1 and GP2, and the support pins SP1 and SP2 are slidably guided by the second guide groove SL2. It has become. When the slide member SM is lowered along the first guide groove SL1, the center pin CP is also lowered along the center line CL, and the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are gradually inclined from the initial horizontal state as indicated by chain lines. To go.

  During this operation, the shaft centers of the support pins SP1 and SP2 move so as to approach each other on the horizontal center line HL of the second guide groove SL2. 1 is a guide line GP1, GP2 in which a contact piece rd1 provided on the upper end of the rod RD of the hydraulic cylinder CYL via the support plate PL is positioned on the outer periphery of the center pin CP. It shows that it is in contact with the arcuate outer periphery on one end side.

  The center pin CP, the first guide groove SL1, and the second guide groove SL2 correspond to the first shaft member, the first guide member, and the second guide member in the present invention, respectively. The vertical direction corresponding to the center line CL and the horizontal direction corresponding to the center line HL correspond to the first direction and the second direction in the present invention, respectively. Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder CYL, the rod RD, the support plate PL, and the contact piece rd1 constitute the second moving means in the present invention.

  FIG. 2 is a front view of a bending apparatus for a metal hollow bar-shaped member. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 10 is a base frame fixed to the ground. A plurality of support columns 12 are erected and fixed to the base frame 10, and a base 14 is disposed and fixed at the upper end portion thereof. A base plate 16 is fixed to the upper surface of the table 14, and a bending unit 18 including a lower mold is mounted and fixed thereon. Reference numeral 88 is a hydraulic cylinder unit for pressing one end face of a metal pipe for forming an elbow material, as will be described later. Reference numeral 20 is a guide member for guiding the guide bar 44 and is provided on the base plate 16.

  Reference numeral 30 is a column erected on the base frame 10. A head 32 is provided on the column 30, and a ram cylinder 34 is attached to the head 32. The ram cylinder 34 is provided with a ram 36 that advances and retreats in the vertical direction, and a holding plate 38 is fixed to the lower end thereof. An upper mold holding body 42 to which the upper mold 40 is fixed is attached to the lower surface side of the holding plate 38.

  The upper end of the guide bar 44 is attached to the holding plate 38, and the guide bar 44 is inserted into a hole provided in the guide member 20 and guided by the lowering operation of the ram 36. The ram cylinder 34, the ram 36, and the holding plate 38 constitute the first moving means in the present invention. Further, reference numerals 22, 24, 26, and 28 respectively correspond to the cylinder CYL, the rod RD, the support plate PL, and the contact member rd1 in FIG. 1, and as described above, these are the second movements in the present invention. Means.

  FIG. 3 is a ZZ line arrow view of FIG. 2 and shows details of the bending unit 18 in plan view. In FIG. 3, reference numerals 50 and 52 are outer plates, and reference numerals 54 and 56 are side plates, which are erected and fixed on the upper surface of the base plate 16, respectively. A rectangular height h space surrounded by the outer plate and the side plate is formed, and a bending mechanism configured almost symmetrically above and below the central AA line is accommodated in the space. Yes. Now, the upper part of line AA of this bending mechanism will be described. Plates 60a and 60b are fixed inside the outer plate 50 in FIG. 3, and a center pin CP is arranged in the middle part thereof. One end portions of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are rotatably attached to the center portion of the center pin CP in the axial direction (B-B line). The other end side of each guide plate GP1, GP2 is penetrated by through pins 64a, 64b, and the end portions of the through pins 64a, 64b are elongated holes 62a, 62b formed at predetermined heights of the plates 60a, 60b. It is stored so that it can move only in the horizontal direction. The horizontal direction of the elongated holes 62a and 62b formed at the predetermined height corresponds to the horizontal line HL in FIG. 1, and the through pins 64a and 64b correspond to the support pins SP1 and SP2, respectively. is there.

  Reference symbol CP1 is a small diameter portion of the center pin CP, and a vertical plane FS is formed on the left and right side portions thereof. Reference numerals 66a and 66b are vertical guide members that come into contact with the vertical plane of the small-diameter portion CP1, and the center pin CP is guided in the vertical direction of the drawing by the guide members. Reference numeral 68 is a snap ring that receives the resilient force of a spring 70 disposed between the guide plates GP1 and GP2 to urge the center pin CP upward in the figure. Reference numeral 72 is a sliding member that comes into contact with the end surface CP2 of the small-diameter portion CP1 of the center pin CP. The sliding surface is formed in a vertical direction, and the sliding surface is hardened by quenching or the like. Therefore, when the center pin CP is moved downward in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, the other end surface CP3 of the center pin CP is a pair of parallel metal hollow rod members PM for forming an elbow material arranged on the line AA. The space between the parallel planes is maintained in contact with the plane. When the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in the horizontal state, the axis center of the center pin CP and the axis center of the metal hollow bar member PM intersect on the same plane.

  Reference numerals 80a and 80b are mold holding members which are respectively arranged on the left and right sides separated by the line BB and fixed to the side surfaces of the guide plates GP1 and GP2. A pair of lower half molds 82a and 82b are mounted and fixed on the mold holding members 80a and 80b along the line AA. When the above-described guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in a horizontal state, both These half molds are arranged in the same straight line to form a single lower mold.

  Reference numeral 84 denotes a spacer provided on the line AA, and reference numeral 86 denotes a position regulating piece member disposed between the left end surface of the metal hollow bar member PM and the spacer 84. Reference numeral 88 denotes a hydraulic cylinder unit, which is fixed to a mold holding member 80b on which the right half mold 82b is mounted, and a push piece member 90 is attached to the left end of the piston rod. An interval ΔL with respect to the right end surface of a certain metal hollow bar member PM can be arbitrarily adjusted. In that case, by making the stroke of the piston rod larger than the interval ΔL, it is possible to press the right end surface of the metal hollow bar member PM with the push piece member 90.

  The components described above are similarly arranged on the lower side of the line AA in FIG. 3, but their descriptions are omitted because they are duplicated.

  4A corresponds to a cross section taken along the line AA of FIG. 3, and on the left side is a pipe member PM in which the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in a horizontal state and the center pin CP and the outer peripheral shape are circular. The pipe member PM is mounted on the split mold 82a fixed to the mold holding member 80a in a state where the centers of the metal hollow bar-shaped members intersect, and the right side shows the center pin. The CP is lowered, the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are inclined from each other from the horizontal state, and the pipe member PM is bent at a predetermined angle, for example, 110 degrees, and is on the half mold 82b fixed to the mold holding member 80b. .

  In FIG. 4A, the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 is fixed and held by a bracket 88b attached to one end of a fixing member 88a fixed on the mold holding member 80b, and slides through a through hole of the fixing member 88a. A push piece member 90 is attached to the tip of the piston rod 88c that can be arranged. Reference numerals 92a and 92b are stoppers having inclined surfaces that come into contact with the contact portions 96a and 96b formed as flat surfaces on the inner peripheral surfaces of the mold holding members 80a and 80b. As shown on the right side of the figure, the stoppers 92 a and 92 b are fixedly attached to the base plate 16. The outer peripheral surfaces of the mold holding members 80a and 80b are formed in an arc shape except for the contact portions 96a and 96b, and the center of the outer arc is formed to be the center of the center pin CP. The outer circular arc portion is in rolling contact with the inner side surfaces of the side plates 54 and 56. Reference numerals 94a and 94b are abutting members that abut against the outer arcuate portions and are embedded in the side plates 54 and 56, respectively. The contact members 94a and 94b are formed by hardening the surface by quenching or the like.

  In this case, the outer peripheral surfaces (arc portions) of the mold holding members 80a and 80b are brought into rolling contact with the contact members 94a and 94b because the outer portion of the pipe member PM indicated by Q in FIG. Accordingly, the mold holding members 80a and 80b are also spread outward, and as a result, a shear force acts on the center pin CP through the rotating portions of the guide plates GP1 and GP2. In order to weaken and protect the center pin CP, a force perpendicular to the rolling contact surface is absorbed on the side plates 54 and 56 side. Of course, it is also possible to withstand the shearing force (force in the vertical direction) by increasing the rigidity of the center pin CP.

  4B corresponds to the cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 3. On the left side of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM in which the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in a horizontal state and the center of the center pin CP and the outer shape are hexagonal. A state in which the metal hollow bar member PM is mounted on the divided mold 82a fixed to the mold holding member 80a in a state where the centers intersect with each other is shown. On the right side, the center pin CP is lowered and the guide plate GP1 is lowered. , GP2 is inclined with respect to each other from the horizontal state, and the metal hollow bar member PM is bent at a predetermined angle, for example, 110 degrees, and is on the half mold 82b fixed to the mold holding member 80b. The detailed part of FIG. 4B is the same as that of FIG.

  FIG. 5A is a detailed view of the guide mechanism for guiding the center pin CP in the vertical direction on the right side of FIG. In FIG. 5A, as described above, the sliding member 72 is housed and fixed to the outer plate 50. The sliding member 72 is formed with an inclined surface DL as shown in the figure, and the center pin CP has a small diameter. The end surface CP2 of the part CP1 is in contact. As described above, the vertical flat surface portion FS is formed on both sides of the side surface of the small-diameter portion CP1 of the center pin CP, and is in contact with the guide members 66a and 66b. Reference sign Fa is a contact surface that comes into contact with the first contact surface F1 formed on the upper mold 40 (see FIG. 2) at the upper periphery of the center pin CP. The center pin CP shown in the figure is at the uppermost position, and its central axis is the same height as the center of the pipe member PM mounted on the pair of lower molds.

  Reference numeral 88b is a bracket for fixing and holding the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 described above. At the position of the center pin CP indicated by a chain line below, the left end surface CP3 of the center pin CP is moved to the left by the inclined surface DL and presses the side surface of the pipe member PM. The lower surface of the outer periphery of one end of each of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 rotatably coupled to the center portion of the center pin CP is formed in an arc shape, and the lower surface is erected from a support plate 26 fixed to the rod 24. The upper end surface of the one contact member 28a is in contact.

  FIG. 5B is a detailed view of the guide mechanism for guiding the center pin CP in the vertical direction on the right side of FIG. In FIG. 5B, as described above, the sliding member 72 is housed and fixed to the outer plate 50. The sliding member 72 is formed with a vertical surface DL as shown in the figure, and the center pin CP has a small diameter. The end surface CP2 of the part CP1 is in contact. As described above, the vertical flat surface portion FS is formed on both sides of the side surface of the small-diameter portion CP1 of the center pin CP, and is in contact with the guide members 66a and 66b. Reference sign Fa is a contact surface that comes into contact with the first contact surface F1 formed on the upper mold 40 (see FIG. 2) at the upper periphery of the center pin CP. The center pin CP shown in the figure is at the uppermost position, and its central axis is the same height as the center of the metal hollow bar member PM mounted on the pair of lower molds.

  Reference numeral 88b is a bracket for fixing and holding the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 described above. At the position of the center pin CP indicated by a chain line below, the left end surface CP3 of the center pin CP is moved to the left by the vertical plane DL and is in contact with the side surface of the metal hollow rod member PM. The lower surface of the outer periphery of one end of each of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 rotatably coupled to the center portion of the center pin CP is formed in an arc shape, and the lower surface is erected from a support plate 26 fixed to the rod 24. The upper end surface of the one contact member 28a is in contact.

  6A is a diagram showing a detailed shape of the upper mold 40, (a) is an enlarged view of the upper mold 40 of FIG. 2, and (b) is an upper mold viewed from the Y direction of (a). The detailed shape of the mold 40 is shown. In FIG. 6A (a), reference numerals 100a and 100b are mold portions that come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the upper half of the pipe member when the pipe member PM is bent and formed as an elbow material. Reference numeral F1 is a first contact surface that contacts the contact surface of the center pin CP.

  Furthermore, in FIG. 6A (b), reference numerals F1a and F1b abut on the contact surface Fa of each center pin CP arranged opposite to each other with the pipe member PM interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. It is a first contact surface of the upper mold 40.

  FIG. 6B is another view showing the detailed shape of the upper mold 40, (a) is an enlarged view of the upper mold 40 of FIG. 2, and (b) is viewed from the Y direction of (a). The detailed shape of the upper mold 40 is shown. In FIG. 6B (a), reference numerals 100a and 100b denote mold parts that contact the outer peripheral surface of the substantially upper half of the metal hollow bar member when the metal hollow bar member PM is bent and formed as an elbow material. is there. Reference numeral F1 is a first contact surface that contacts the contact surface of the center pin CP.

  Further, in FIG. 6B (b), reference numerals F1a and F1b denote contact surfaces Fa of the respective center pins CP arranged opposite to each other with the metal hollow rod member PM interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. It is the 1st contact surface of the upper metal mold | die 40 which contact | abuts.

FIG. 7 shows the back pressure P1 of the ram cylinder 34 corresponding to the bending force of the metal hollow bar member PM and the high pressure corresponding to the pressing force to the end surface of the metal hollow bar member PM in the process up to the end of forming the elbow material. The change in back pressure P2 of the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 (up to 350 kg / cm ² ) and the back pressure P3 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 that pushes the center pin CP upward from below through the guide plate is plotted on the vertical axis, and the elapsed time. It is the graph which showed t on the horizontal axis.

  In the graph of FIG. 7, at time t0, the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is in a state of being placed on a lower mold composed of two half molds. In the graph, t1 is the time when the upper die holder 42 starts to descend by the ram cylinder 34, and t2 is the time when the first contact surface F1 of the upper die 40 and the contact surfaces Fa and Fb of the center pin CP are in contact. Yes, t3 is the time when the outer peripheral contact portions 96a, 96b of the mold holding members 80a, 80b contact the inclined surfaces of the stoppers 92a, 92b, and t4 is the upper mold 40 for a predetermined time (ΔT) after the contact. , T5 is the rising start time of the upper mold 40, and t6 is the time when the upper mold 40 reaches the ascending limit position and is stopped (clamped) at that position. , T7 is the rise start time of the abutting members 28a, 28b by the hydraulic cylinder 22 to raise the center pin CP after the rise start time t5 of the upper mold 40, and t8 is the rise end, Mold The time at which a state of being arranged in a straight line. Here, the time t7 can precede the time t6.

  Next, a process for manufacturing an elbow material from a metal hollow bar member PM will be described.

  The ram cylinder 34 of the bending apparatus shown in FIG. 2 has a pressing force of up to 30 tons. As shown in FIG. 10B, the metal hollow rod member PM has a predetermined length outer periphery having a predetermined thickness obtained by cutting a solid linear steel material made of S45C or the like into a predetermined length in advance and deep drawing. What was formed in the shape of a circular pressed wall is milled so that the outer peripheral shape has a pair of parallel planes. The metal hollow bar member PM is heated to about 800 ° C. by a high-frequency heating device (not shown) arranged adjacent to the bending device. In this temperature range, for example, 750 to 800 ° C., the shape as a hollow rod-shaped member is maintained, but by applying an external force, plastic deformation can be caused very easily as compared with a normal temperature state.

  In FIG. 7, at time t0, the metal hollow rod-shaped members PM heated in advance and conveyed by the conveying means are placed on a pair of half dies 82a and 82b arranged horizontally. Immediately after placement, one end face of the metal hollow bar member PM is pressed by the hydraulic cylinder unit 88. Here, referring to the waveform of the back pressure P1, the ram 36 starts to descend at time t1, and when the first contact surface F1 of the upper mold 40 comes into contact with the corresponding contact surface Fa of the center pin CP at time t2, the ram cylinder 34 Back pressure P1 rises to P1a.

  The pressing force applied to the center pin CP from the upper die 40 corresponding to the back pressure P1a remains substantially constant in the range of about 2 to 5 tons. During this time, as shown in FIG. It descends while being guided by the members 66a and 66b. As the center pin CP is lowered, the other end sides of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are gradually inclined due to the movement of the through pins 64a and 64b restricted in the horizontal direction. The mold holding members 80a and 80b are also inclined, and at the same time, the pair of lower half molds 82a and 82b are gradually inclined. Thereby, the half molds 82a and 82b are separated from each other while being inclined.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the metal hollow rod member PM is also gradually bent, and the contact portions 96a and 96b formed on the mold holding members 80a and 80b at the time t3 contact the stoppers 92a and 92b. The contact state is maintained until time t4. During this ΔT, the ram cylinder 34 is held at the maximum back pressure P1b corresponding to a pressing force of approximately 30 tons.

  Next, the upper mold 40 ascends at time t5, is released from the molded elbow material, retreats to the ascending limit position, and stops at time t6.

  On the other hand, referring to the waveform of the back pressure P3 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 that urges the center pin CP upward during this time, the guide plate and the like are held horizontally until the time t0 to t2. At time t2, the upper die 40 comes into contact with the center pin CP, and the contact member 28a (see FIG. 5) is pressed downward through one end of the guide plate, so that it rises to P3b larger than P3a and until time t3. The difference from the back pressure P1a of the ram cylinder 34 is kept substantially constant. At time t3, the mold holding members 80a and 80b abut against the stoppers 92a and 92b, so that the back pressure P3 is once reduced to zero. Then, at time t7 after time t5, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is again activated by the back pressure P3c, the contact member 28a is raised, the center pin CP is raised while the molded elbow material is placed, and at time t8 the guide plate GP1 and GP2 are returned to the original horizontal state. Thereafter, the back pressure P3 becomes the original P3a state. In this case, as described above, time t7 is not limited to after t6.

  In addition, referring to the waveform of the back pressure P2 of the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 that presses one end face of the metal hollow bar member PM during this period, as described above, it is heated to a predetermined temperature by the conveying means at time t0. When the hollow metal rod members PM are placed on a pair of lower molds 82a and 82b arranged horizontally, as shown in FIG. 3, the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 is activated and the push piece member 90 is moved at time t01. It contacts the right end surface of the metal hollow bar member PM. The back pressure P2 continues to rise, reaches P2a at time t2, then holds P2a, rises to P2b corresponding to P1b at time t3, becomes zero at time t4, and then the push piece member 90 moves away from the end face and then retracts. . (The waveforms after t4 are omitted.) Note that after time t2, it may be temporarily lower than P2a as shown by waveform P2 '.

  The waveform P2 rises prior to time t2 and becomes P2a because the outside of the bent portion of the metal hollow bar member PM indicated by the reference symbol Q in FIG. In order to replenish the thinning, the bulge is formed inside the bent portion of the metal hollow bar member PM by pressing the pipe end face in advance.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a positional relationship among the metal hollow rod member PM placed on the lower mold, the upper mold 40 and the center pin CP in the cross section taken along the line BB in FIG. Reference numeral S in the figure is a plastic deformation receiving gap formed in the vicinity of the bending center of the upper mold 40, and the upper part of the metal hollow rod member PM having a hexagonal cross-sectional outer shape is compressed during bending. It is a space that accepts the plastic deformation part. As can be seen from the figure, the metal hollow rod member PM (having a hexagonal outer periphery) has a side extending left and right from the top of the upper end, and is relatively smaller in cross section by S than when the outer periphery is circular. Accordingly, since the amount of the rod-shaped member existing between the hollow hole and each side is small, the amount of fluid flowing into the nearby space portion is relatively small in the plastic deformation caused by the compressive force acting on the portion during bending. As a result, the circular hollow hole is less likely to be plastically deformed into an elliptical shape. By using the above apparatus and method, an elbow material can be obtained by bending a metal hollow bar-like member having hollow substantially circular cross-sectional passages opened at both ends along the axial direction at a predetermined angle.

International Publication No. 2008/0669269 Pamphlet

  By the way, conventionally, there has been a need for a product in which the diameters of one opening and the other opening are different from each other with respect to the elbow material. This is because piping is performed in a limited region or piping at the shortest distance, and the piping to be connected is not always the same diameter. In such a situation, if the joint for changing the diameter and the elbow joint can have both functions with a single joint, useless piping can be prevented. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, with respect to the L-shaped solid steel material, it is respectively drilled from the both ends with a drill of a necessary diameter. Open each. In this case, the L-shaped intersections are formed vertically, but a large amount of cutting waste is generated during cutting.

  Further, turbulent flow is generated near the intersection of the elbow material in the L shape, and the conductance is reduced. When the conductance is reduced, even if pressure oil is applied to the pipe, an appropriate pressure is not applied to the opposite end.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the object of the present invention is to generate cutting waste by forming a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion in a metal rod-like member by plastic working. The object is to provide a way to avoid it significantly.

  In order to achieve the above object, the method according to the present invention forms a large-diameter passage portion and a small-diameter passage portion in a metal bar-like member, heats them to a predetermined temperature, and bends them to a predetermined angle by an elbow material bending apparatus. Thus, a metal elbow material with a different diameter is formed.

  According to the present invention, since the large-diameter portion and the small-diameter portion are formed in the metal rod-like member by plastic working, generation of cutting waste can be largely avoided.

It is a figure explaining the conventional toggle type link mechanism. It is a front view of the whole conventional bending apparatus. It is a ZZ arrow directional view of Drawing 2 concerning a conventional bending device, and is a figure showing the plane view details of a bending unit. 3 corresponds to the cross section taken along line AA in FIG. 3 relating to the conventional bending apparatus, and the left side shows a state where the pipe member is placed on the half mold, and the center pin is lowered on the right side. Then, the guide plates are inclined from each other from the horizontal state, and the pipe member is bent at a predetermined angle and is placed on the half mold. 3 corresponds to the cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 3 according to the conventional bending apparatus, the left side shows a state where the metal hollow bar-like member is placed on the half mold, and on the right side, It is a figure which shows the state by which a center pin descend | falls and a guide plate inclines mutually from a horizontal state, and the metal hollow bar-shaped member is bent by the predetermined angle, and is mounted on the half metal mold | die. FIG. 4 is a view taken along the line XX of FIG. 3 according to a conventional bending apparatus, and the right side shows details of a guide mechanism for guiding a center pin in a vertical direction. It is another example of the XX line arrow view of FIG. 3 which concerns on the conventional bending apparatus, Comprising: The detail of the guide mechanism which guides a center pin to a perpendicular direction is shown on the right side. It is a figure which shows the detailed shape of the upper metal mold | die which concerns on the conventional bending apparatus, Comprising: (a) expands and shows the upper metal mold | die of FIG. 2, (b) is the upper metal board seen from the Y direction of (a). The detailed shape of the mold is shown. It is another example of the figure which shows the detailed shape of the upper metal mold | die concerning the conventional bending apparatus, Comprising: (a) expands and shows the upper metal mold | die of FIG. 2, (b) is from the Y direction of (a). The detailed shape of the mold is shown. In the process up to the end of molding of the elbow material related to the conventional bending apparatus, the back pressure of the ram cylinder corresponding to the bending force of the metal hollow bar member and the back of the high pressure cylinder corresponding to the pressing force to the end surface of the metal hollow bar member It is the graph which showed the change of the back pressure of the hydraulic cylinder which pushes up a center pin from the downward direction via a pressure plate and a guide plate on the vertical axis, and the elapsed time on the horizontal axis. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship of the metal hollow rod-shaped member mounted on the lower metal mold | die, the upper metal mold | die, and a center pin in the BB sectional view of FIG. 3 which concerns on the conventional bending apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half elbow raw material cut | disconnected along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the elbow formed from the elbow raw material which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the conventional elbow.

  A case of manufacturing an elbow member having a different diameter as a preferred example according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  In order to manufacture a different diameter elbow material, a different diameter metal hollow bar-shaped member is manufactured, and the manufactured different diameter metal hollow bar shape member is adjacent to an elbow material manufacturing apparatus proposed by the applicants by high frequency heating. Heating is performed by the apparatus, and then the metal hollow bar-like member is bent by being placed on a pair of half dies arranged horizontally in the elbow material manufacturing apparatus by the conveying means. Therefore, the production of the hollow metal rod member having a different diameter which is the difference between the present invention and the prior art will be described using a plurality of examples.

  The manufacturing method of the hollow rod-shaped member made of different diameter metal includes a method of performing all processes by cutting, a method of performing a part of all processes by cutting, and performing the remaining processes by plastic processing, and plastic processing of all processes. Is used.

  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B. Example 1 is a method of performing all processes by cutting.

  The metal rod-shaped member 102 is a solid rod-shaped member having a metal radius r. A large-diameter hole 104 having a diameter Dφ is opened with a metal drill in the metal rod-like member 102. Here, since the tip of the metal drill has a taper, the taper 106 is also formed at the bottom of the large-diameter hole 104. If the corners formed by the taper 106 and the side walls are made smoother, fluid resistance can be reduced.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9B, a small-diameter hole 110 having a radius dφ is opened with a metal drill on the bottom surface 108 of the metal rod-like member 102. By forming as described above, the hollow rod-like member 102 having a different diameter can be manufactured by full cutting.

  Here, considering the ratio of the large-bore hole portion and the small-bore hole portion in the elbow material, when the elbow material is formed as an elbow, the axial length of the large-bore hole straddles the elbow bend ( If the length of the elbow is high, the elbow bending portion having a high fluid resistance is constituted by a large-diameter hole portion, so that the fluid resistance as an elbow can be reduced. When bending the hollow metal rod member 102 of different diameters with a bending device, the temperature is set to a predetermined temperature with an induction heating device.

  A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10A and 10B. Example 2 is a method in which all steps are performed by plastic working. As shown in FIG. 10A, the solid rod-like member 112 is manufactured by forging into a cup shape with a bottom. The inner diameter of the cup is Dφ.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 10B, a linear shape having a large-diameter hole portion 116 and a small-diameter hole portion 118 is formed by punching out from above or below the solid rod-like member 112 in the center of the bottom portion 114 over a diameter dφ. The rod member 112 having a different diameter can be formed. Since there is no cutting in this method, generation of cutting waste can be avoided.

  A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11A to 11I. Example 3 is also a method in which all steps are performed by plastic working.

  FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of the metal rod-shaped member 120 before processing.

  In FIG. 11B, a small-diameter hole 121 having a diameter dφ is punched through a metal rod-shaped member 120 with a die.

  In FIG. 11C, the molds 122 and 126 having two convex molds having a tip diameter of dφ and a diameter of the other end of Dφ are respectively placed above and below the small-diameter hole 121 of the metal rod-shaped member 120. Insert.

  In FIG. 11D, the upper mold 122 is pushed into the metal rod-shaped member 120, and a large-diameter hole 125 having a diameter Dφ is formed by plastic flow. The small diameter 121 is sealed by the portion 124 of the material extruded by plastic flow.

  FIG. 11E shows a state in which the molds 122 and 126 are removed. A large-diameter hole portion 125 having a diameter Dφ is provided in the upper portion of the metal rod-shaped member 120, a small-diameter hole portion 121 having a diameter dφ is provided in the lower portion, and the middle is closed by a portion 124.

  In FIG. 11F, a cylindrical mold 132 having an outer shape of Dφ and having a small-diameter hole portion 133 of dφ inserted therein is inserted into the large-diameter hole portion 125 and fixed. On the other hand, a mold 128 having a diameter dφ is prepared on the opening side of the small-diameter hole 121.

  In FIG. 11G, the portion 124 is removed by shearing with the mold 128. The portion 124 is pushed into the small-diameter hole 133.

  In FIG. 11H, the portion 124 is completely extruded and the molds 128 and 132 are removed, so that the metal rod-shaped member 120 has a large-diameter hole portion 125 whose upper portion has a large diameter Dφ and a lower portion whose small diameter has a small diameter dφ. A linear rod member 120 having a different diameter that opens to a different diameter connected to the hole 121 is formed as shown in FIG. 11I.

  A further method for forming the metal rod member 120 having a different diameter will be described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 12H. FIG. 12A is a diagram in which a cylindrical mold 142 having a diameter Dφ is arranged on the upper side of the metal rod-shaped member 120 before processing.

  Subsequently, FIG. 12B is a diagram in which a large-diameter hole portion 144 of Dφ is formed. During processing, the material of the metal rod-shaped member 120 is plastically flowed by the mold 142 to form the large-diameter hole portion 144.

  Next, in FIG. 12C, a metal mold 146 having a dφ diameter is arranged at the lower end of the metal rod-shaped member 120.

  Furthermore, in FIG. 12D, the dφ small-diameter hole 148 is opened by plastic flow with the metal mold 146. At this time, it opens to such an extent that it does not penetrate the large-diameter hole 144. FIG. 12E shows a state where the mold 146 is removed from the metal rod-shaped member 120.

  Next, in FIG. 12F, a cylindrical mold 150 having a small-diameter hole portion 154 having an outer diameter Dφ and dφ inside is inserted into the large-diameter hole 144. The length of the cylindrical mold 150 is approximately equal to the length of the large-diameter hole 144. On the other hand, a mold 146 having a diameter of dφ is prepared on the opening side of the small hole portion 148.

  In FIG. 12G, the portion 152 sandwiched between the large-diameter hole 144 and the small-diameter hole 148 by the metal mold 146 is removed by shearing. The portion 152 is pushed into the small diameter hole 154.

  In FIG. 12H, the portion 152 is completely pushed out and the metal molds 146 and 150 are removed, so that the metal rod-shaped member 120 has a large-diameter hole portion 144 whose upper portion has a large diameter Dφ and a small portion whose lower portion has a small diameter dφ. A linear rod member 120 having a different diameter that opens to the different diameters connected to the aperture 148 is formed.

  As described above, Example 1 is described as being only cutting, and Examples 2, 3, and 4 are described as being only plastic. In addition, a hollow rod-shaped member made of a different diameter metal can be manufactured by appropriately combining cutting and plastic working. At that time, it is preferable to select a cutting portion so as to reduce cutting waste as much as possible.

  As described above, a metal hollow bar-like member having a different diameter is generated and heated by a high-frequency heating device adjacent to the elbow material manufacturing apparatus, and then the metal hollow bar-shaped member is horizontally arranged on the elbow material manufacturing apparatus by the conveying means. The elbow material having a different diameter can be formed by being bent by being placed on the pair of half molds. FIG. 13 shows a cross section of a different diameter elbow in which a fastening screw portion S is processed from the elbow material to the outer peripheral portion or the like. In the present invention, plastic working includes terms such as bending, forging, plastic flow, shearing, and punching. In the above description, the case where the large-diameter passage and the small-diameter passage penetrate is illustrated, but the method for manufacturing the elbow material according to the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the part 152 can also be removed by cutting in a step after being bent at a predetermined angle by a bending apparatus while leaving the part 152 in FIG. 12F.

  Similarly, the stepped portion can be processed smoothly after bending.

  Furthermore, the elbow material according to the present invention means a member provided in the bending process, and therefore, not only when the passage of the rod-shaped member penetrates, but also between the large-diameter passage portion and the small-diameter passage portion. In the case where the gap is not open, it also includes (see FIG. 12F).

10 Base frame 12 Support 14 Base 16 Base plate 18 Bending unit 20a, 20b Guide member 22 Hydraulic cylinder 24 Rod 26 Support plate 28a, 28b Abutting member 30 Column 32 Head 34 Ram cylinder 36 Ram 38 Holding plate 40 Upper mold 42 Upper Mold holder 44 Guide bar 50, 52 Outer plate 54, 56 Side plate 60a, 60b Plate 62a, 62b Slot 64a, 64b Through pin 66a, 66b Guide member 68 Snap ring 70 Spring 72 Sliding member 80a, 80b Mold holding Member 82a, 82b Half mold 84 Spacer 86 Piece member 88 Hydraulic cylinder unit 88a Fixing member 88b Bracket 88c Piston rod 90 Push piece member 92a, 92b Stopper 94a, 94b Contact member 96a, 96b Contact part 100a, 100 Mold portion 102 Metal rod-shaped member 104 Large-diameter hole portion 106 Taper 110 Bottom surface 112 Solid rod-shaped member 114 Center of bottom portion 116 Large-diameter hole portion 118 Small-diameter hole portion 120 Metal rod-shaped member 122 Upper die 124 Ring-shaped member 126 Lower mold 128 Mold 130 Large-diameter hole portion 132 Guide 134, 136 Site CP Center pin CP1 Small-diameter portion CP2 End surface CP3 Left end surface F1 First contact surface Fa Contact surface FS Vertical plane portion GP1, GP2 Guide plates P1, P2, P3 Back pressure PM Metal hollow bar member S Plastic deformation receiving gap

Claims (7)

  A method of forming a metal elbow material having a different diameter by forming a large-diameter passage portion and a small-diameter passage portion in a metal rod-shaped member, heating them to a predetermined temperature, and bending them to a predetermined angle by an elbow material bending device.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the passage is formed by cutting, plastic working, or a combination thereof.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the large-diameter passage portion is formed so as to straddle a bent portion of the elbow.   4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step shape in the middle of the large-diameter and small-diameter passages is a smooth shape so as to reduce fluid resistance.   A small-diameter opening that penetrates in the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member is formed, and a large-diameter opening is opened from one end side to the middle of the metal rod-shaped member, and a metal rod shape is formed by a small-diameter mold from the other end side. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion generated by plastic working of the member is removed.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating to the predetermined temperature is performed by an induction heating method.   A different diameter elbow material molded by the method according to claim 1.

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