JP6868735B2 - Single different diameter elbow material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing an elbow material and an elbow material produced by the same method.

Generally, pipelines that transfer fluids are connected and connected using joints at appropriate predetermined positions. In that case, an elbow is used as a joint when changing the direction of the transfer pipeline. In the case of manufacturing this elbow, conventionally, holes are formed from the end side of the solid member toward the bending center. However, when drilling holes from each end side, there is a problem in that the intersecting portion is smooth as a fluid passage, and there is a problem that the manufacturing cost is high because the passage itself needs to be formed by machining. ..

The structure of a suitable bending device used in carrying out the method of the present invention will be described below, although it will be a little longer. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a toggle type link mechanism. In FIG. 1, reference numeral SL1 is a first guide groove provided in the vertical direction in the center of the figure, and a second guide groove SL2 in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the first guide groove is provided above the first guide groove. Has been done. Reference numeral SM is a slide member, which is provided in contact with and slidable on the groove wall surfaces S1 and S2 of the first guide groove SL1. A center pin CP is integrally attached to the front side of the slide member SM. One end of each of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 is rotatably attached to the center pin CP. On the other hand, support pins SP1 and SP2 are rotatably attached to the other ends of the guide plates GP1 and GP2, and the support pins SP1 and SP2 are slidably guided by the second guide groove SL2. It has become. When the slide member SM is lowered along the first guide groove SL1, the center pin CP is also lowered along the center line CL, and as shown by the chain line, the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are gradually inclined from the initial horizontal state. To go.

During this operation, the axial centers of the support pins SP1 and SP2 move so as to approach each other on the horizontal center line HL of the second guide groove SL2. The chain line portion shown in the lower part of FIG. 1 is a guide plate GP1 and GP2 in which the contact piece rd1 provided at the upper end of the rod RD of the hydraulic cylinder CYL via the support plate PL is located on the outer periphery of the center pin CP. It indicates that it is in contact with the arcuate outer circumference on the one end side.

The center pin CP, the first guide groove SL1, and the second guide groove SL2 correspond to the first shaft member, the first guide member, and the second guide member in the present invention, respectively. Further, the vertical direction corresponding to the center line CL and the horizontal direction corresponding to the center line HL correspond to the first direction and the second direction in the present invention, respectively. Further, the hydraulic cylinder CYL, the rod RD, the support plate PL, and the contact piece rd1 constitute the second moving means in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a bending device for a metal hollow rod-shaped member. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 10 is a base frame fixed to the ground. A plurality of columns 12 are erected and fixed to the base frame 10, and a base 14 is arranged and fixed at the upper end thereof. A base plate 16 is fixed to the upper surface of the table 14, and a bending forming unit 18 including a lower mold is mounted and fixed on the base plate 16. Reference numeral 88 is a hydraulic cylinder unit for pressing one side end surface of a metal pipe for forming an elbow material, as will be described later. Reference numeral 20 is a guide member for guiding the guide bar 44, and is provided on the base plate 16.

Reference numeral 30 is a column erected on the base frame 10, a head 32 is provided above the column, and a ram cylinder 34 is attached to the head 32. The ram cylinder 34 is provided with a ram 36 that moves forward and backward in the vertical direction, and a holding plate 38 is fixed to the lower end portion thereof. An upper mold holder 42 to which the upper mold 40 is fixed is attached to the lower surface side of the holding plate 38.

The upper end of the guide bar 44 is attached to the holding plate 38, and the guide bar 44 is inserted into the hole provided in the guide member 20 and guided by the lowering operation of the ram 36. The ram cylinder 34, the ram 36, and the holding plate 38 constitute the first moving means in the present invention. Further, reference numerals 22, 24, 26, and 28 correspond to the cylinder CYL, the rod RD, the support plate PL, and the contact member rd1 in FIG. 1, respectively, and as described above, these correspond to the second movement in the present invention. It constitutes a means.

FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line ZZ of FIG. 2 and shows the details of the bending forming unit 18 in a plan view. In FIG. 3, reference numerals 50 and 52 are outer plates, and reference numerals 54 and 56 are side plates, which are erected and fixed on the upper surface of the base plate 16, respectively. Then, a rectangular space with a height h surrounded by these outer plates and side plates is formed, and a bending mechanism configured substantially symmetrically above and below the AA line in the central portion is housed in the space. There is. Now, to explain the portion of the bending mechanism above the line AA, the plates 60a and 60b are fixed inside the outer plate 50 of FIG. 3, and the center pin CP is arranged in the middle portion between them. One ends of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are rotatably attached to the central portion of the center pin CP in the axial direction (BB line). Through pins 64a and 64b penetrate through the other ends of the guide plates GP1 and GP2, and the ends of the through pins 64a and 64b are elongated holes 62a and 62b formed at predetermined heights of the plates 60a and 60b. It is stored so that it can be moved only in the horizontal direction. The horizontal directions of the elongated holes 62a and 62b formed at the predetermined height correspond to the horizontal line HL of FIG. 1, and the through pins 64a and 64b correspond to the support pins SP1 and SP2, respectively. is there.

Reference numeral CP1 is a small diameter portion of the center pin CP, and a vertical plane FS is formed on the left and right surface portions thereof. Reference numerals 66a and 66b are vertical guide members that abut on the vertical plane of the small diameter portion CP1, and the guide members guide the center pin CP in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in the drawing. Reference numeral 68 is a snap ring that urges the center pin CP upward in the figure by receiving the elastic force of the spring 70 arranged between the guide plates GP1 and GP2. Reference numeral 72 is a sliding member that comes into contact with the end surface CP2 of the small diameter portion CP1 of the center pin CP, and the sliding surface is formed in the vertical direction, and the sliding surface is hardened by quenching or the like. Therefore, when the center pin CP is moved downward in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, the other end surface CP3 of the center pin CP is a pair of parallel metal hollow rod-shaped members PM for forming the elbow material arranged on the AA line. The distance between the parallel planes is maintained in a state of being in contact with the plane. When the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in the horizontal state, the axial center of the center pin CP and the axial center of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM intersect at the same plane.

Reference numerals 80a and 80b are mold holding members arranged on the left and right sides separated by the BB line and fixed to the side surfaces of the guide plates GP1 and GP2, respectively. A pair of lower half molds 82a and 82b are mounted and fixed to the mold holding members 80a and 80b along the AA line, and both of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 described above are in a horizontal state. The half molds are arranged in the same straight line to form a single lower mold.

Reference numeral 84 is a spacer provided on the line AA, and reference numeral 86 is a position-regulating piece member arranged between the left end surface of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM and the spacer 84. Reference numeral 88 is a hydraulic cylinder unit, which is fixed to a mold holding member 80b on which the right half mold 82b is mounted, and a push piece member 90 is attached to the left end of the piston rod, and has a length L. The distance ΔL from the right end surface of a certain metal hollow rod-shaped member PM can be arbitrarily adjusted. In that case, by making the stroke of the piston rod larger than the interval ΔL, it is possible to press the right end surface of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM with the push piece member 90.

The above-mentioned components are arranged in the same manner on the lower side of the line AA in FIG. 3, but their description will be omitted because they are duplicated.

FIG. 4A corresponds to the cross section taken along line AA of FIG. 3, and on the left side thereof is a pipe member PM in which the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in a horizontal state and the center and outer peripheral shapes of the center pin CP are circular (the present invention). It shows that the pipe member PM is mounted on the split mold 82a fixed to the mold holding member 80a in a state where the centers of the metal hollow rod-shaped members (corresponding to the metal hollow rod-shaped members) intersect, and the right side thereof is a center pin. The CP is lowered, the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are tilted from the horizontal state to each other, and the pipe member PM is bent at a predetermined angle, for example, 110 degrees, and is on the half mold 82b fixed to the mold holding member 80b. ..

In FIG. 4A, the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 is fixedly held by a bracket 88b attached to one end side of the fixing member 88a fixed on the mold holding member 80b, and slides through the through hole of the fixing member 88a. A push piece member 90 is attached to the tip end portion of the piston rod 88c that is arranged so as to be possible. Reference numerals 92a and 92b are stoppers having an inclined surface that comes into contact with the contact portions 96a and 96b formed as a flat surface on the inner outer peripheral surfaces of the mold holding members 80a and 80b. As shown on the right side of the figure, the stoppers 92a and 92b are fixedly attached to the base plate 16. The outer peripheral surfaces of the mold holding members 80a and 80b are formed in an arc shape except for the contact portions 96a and 96b, and the center of the outer arc is formed to be the center of the center pin CP. The outer arc portion rolls and contacts on the inner side surfaces of the side plates 54 and 56. Reference numerals 94a and 94b are contact members that come into contact with the outer arc portion, and are embedded in the side plates 54 and 56, respectively. The surfaces of the abutting members 94a and 94b are hardened by quenching or the like.

In this case, the outer peripheral surface (arc portion) of the mold holding members 80a and 80b is rolled and brought into contact with the contact members 94a and 94b by lowering the center pin CP at the outer portion of the pipe member PM shown in Q of FIG. When the mold holding members 80a and 80b are also expanded outward, a shearing force acts on the center pin CP via the rotating portions of the guide plates GP1 and GP2. In order to weaken and protect the center pin CP, the force in the direction perpendicular to the rolling contact surface is absorbed by the side plates 54 and 56. Of course, by increasing the rigidity of the center pin CP, it is possible to withstand the shearing force (force in the vertical direction).

FIG. 4B corresponds to the cross section taken along line AA of FIG. 3, and on the left side thereof, a metal hollow rod-shaped member PM in which the guide plates GP1 and GP2 are in a horizontal state and the center and the outer shape of the center pin CP are hexagonal. It is shown that the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is mounted on the split mold 82a fixed to the mold holding member 80a with the centers crossed, and on the right side thereof, the center pin CP is lowered and the guide plate GP1 , GP2 is tilted from the horizontal state to each other, and the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is bent at a predetermined angle, for example, 110 degrees, and is on the half mold 82b fixed to the mold holding member 80b. Since the detailed part of FIG. 4B is the same as that of FIG. 4A described above, the description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 5A is a view taken along the line XX of FIG. 3, and the details of the guide mechanism for guiding the center pin CP in the vertical direction are shown on the right side of the figure. In FIG. 5A, the sliding member 72 is housed and fixed to the outer plate 50 as described above, and the sliding member 72 is formed with an inclined surface DL as shown in the drawing, and the diameter of the center pin CP is small. The end face CP2 of the portion CP1 is in contact. As described above, the side surface of the small diameter portion CP1 of the center pin CP has vertical plane portions FS formed on both sides and is in contact with the guide members 66a and 66b. Reference numeral Fa is a contact surface that abuts on the first contact surface F1 formed on the upper mold 40 (see FIG. 2) at the upper part of the outer circumference of the center pin CP. The center pin CP shown in the figure is at the uppermost position, and its central axis is at the same height as the center of the pipe member PM mounted on the pair of lower molds.

Reference numeral 88b is a bracket for fixing and holding the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder unit 88. At the position of the center pin CP shown by the chain line below, the left end surface CP3 of the center pin CP is moved to the left by d1 due to the inclined surface DL and presses the side surface of the pipe member PM. The lower surface side of the outer circumference of one end of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 rotatably connected to the central portion of the center pin CP is formed in an arc shape, and the lower surface is erected from the support plate 26 fixed to the rod 24. The upper end surfaces of one of the contact members 28a are in contact with each other.

FIG. 5B is an X-ray arrow view of FIG. 3, and on the right side of the figure, the details of the guide mechanism for guiding the center pin CP in the vertical direction are shown. In FIG. 5B, a sliding member 72 is housed and fixed to the outer plate 50 as described above, and a vertical surface DL is formed on the sliding member 72 as shown in the drawing, and the diameter of the center pin CP is small. The end face CP2 of the portion CP1 is in contact. As described above, the side surface of the small diameter portion CP1 of the center pin CP has vertical plane portions FS formed on both sides and is in contact with the guide members 66a and 66b. Reference numeral Fa is a contact surface that abuts on the first contact surface F1 formed on the upper mold 40 (see FIG. 2) at the upper part of the outer circumference of the center pin CP. The center pin CP shown in the figure is at the uppermost position, and its central axis is at the same height as the center of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM mounted on the pair of lower molds.

Reference numeral 88b is a bracket for fixing and holding the above-mentioned hydraulic cylinder unit 88. At the position of the center pin CP shown by the chain line below, the left end surface CP3 of the center pin CP is moved to the left by Δd due to the vertical surface DL and is in contact with the side surface of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM. The lower surface side of the outer circumference of one end of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 rotatably connected to the central portion of the center pin CP is formed in an arc shape, and the lower surface is erected from the support plate 26 fixed to the rod 24. The upper end surfaces of one of the contact members 28a are in contact with each other.

6A is a diagram showing the detailed shape of the upper mold 40, FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of the upper mold 40 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 6B is an enlarged upper mold seen from the Y direction of FIG. 2A. The detailed shape of the mold 40 is shown. In FIG. 6A (a), reference numerals 100a and 100b are mold portions that come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of substantially the upper half of the pipe member when the pipe member PM is bent and formed as an elbow material. Further, reference numeral F1 is a first contact surface that comes into contact with the contact surface of the center pin CP.

Further, in FIG. 6A (b), reference numerals F1a and F1b come into contact with the contact surfaces Fa of the respective center pin CPs arranged so as to face each other with the pipe member PM interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. This is the first contact surface of the upper mold 40.

6B is another view showing the detailed shape of the upper mold 40, FIG. 6A is an enlarged view of the upper mold 40 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 6B is viewed from the Y direction of FIG. 2A. The detailed shape of the upper mold 40 is shown. In FIG. 6B (a), reference numerals 100a and 100b are mold portions that come into contact with the outer peripheral surface of substantially the upper half of the metal hollow rod-shaped member when the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is bent and formed as an elbow material. is there. Further, reference numeral F1 is a first contact surface that comes into contact with the contact surface of the center pin CP.

Further, in FIG. 6B (b), reference numerals F1a and F1b are the contact surfaces Fa of the respective center pin CPs arranged so as to face each other with the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM interposed therebetween, as shown in FIG. This is the first contact surface of the upper mold 40 that comes into contact with the metal.

FIG. 7 shows the back pressure P1 of the ram cylinder 34 corresponding to the bending force of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM and the high pressure corresponding to the pressing force on the end face of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM in the process up to the completion of molding of the elbow material. The vertical axis is the change in the back pressure P2 of the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 (maximum 350 kg / cm ² ) and the back pressure P3 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 that pushes up the center pin CP from the bottom to the top via the guide plate, and the elapsed time thereof. It is a graph which showed t on the horizontal axis.

In the graph of FIG. 7, at time t0, the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is placed on a lower mold composed of two half molds. In the graph, t1 is the time when the upper mold holder 42 starts to descend by the ram cylinder 34, and t2 is the time when the first contact surface F1 of the upper mold 40 and the contact surfaces Fa and Fb of the center pin CP come into contact with each other. Yes, t3 is the time when the outer peripheral contact portions 96a and 96b of the mold holding members 80a and 80b abut on the inclined surfaces of the stoppers 92a and 92b, and t4 is the time when the upper mold 40 a predetermined time (ΔT) after the contact. Is the end time in which the upper mold 40 is continuously pressed, t5 is the ascending start time of the upper mold 40, and t6 is the time when the upper mold 40 reaches the ascending limit position and is stopped (clamped) at that position. , T7 are the rising start times of the contact members 28a and 28b by the hydraulic cylinder 22 in order to raise the center pin CP after the rising start time t5 of the upper mold 40, and further, t8 is the rising start time of the contact members 28a and 28b, and t8 is a pair of half This is the time when the molds are arranged in the same linear shape. Here, the time t7 can be preceded by t6.

Next, the process of manufacturing the elbow material from the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM will be described.

The ram cylinder 34 of the bending device shown in FIG. 2 has a pressing force of up to 30 tons. As shown in FIG. 10B, the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is made by cutting a solid linear steel material into a predetermined length in advance with a material of S45C or the like, and deep drawing to form an outer circumference having a predetermined wall thickness and a predetermined length. A circular pressure-walled pipe is milled so that the outer peripheral shape has a pair of parallel planes. The metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is heated to about 800 ° C. by a high-frequency heating device (not shown) arranged adjacent to the bending device. In this temperature range, for example, 750 to 800 ° C., the shape of the hollow rod-shaped member is maintained, but by applying an external force, plastic deformation can be caused much more easily than in the normal temperature state.

In FIG. 7, at time t0, the metal hollow rod-shaped members PM that have been preheated and transported by the transport means are placed on a pair of half molds 82a and 82b that are horizontally arranged. Immediately after mounting, one end face of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is pressed by the hydraulic cylinder unit 88. Here, referring to the waveform of the back pressure P1, when the descent of the ram 36 starts at time t1 and the first contact surface F1 of the upper mold 40 comes into contact with the corresponding contact surface Fa of the center pin CP at time t2, the ram cylinder 34 The back pressure P1 rises to P1a.

The pressing force applied to the center pin CP from the upper die 40 corresponding to the back pressure P1a remains substantially constant in the range of about 2 to 5 tons, and during this period, the center pin CP guides the center pin CP as shown in FIG. It descends while being guided by the members 66a and 66b. As the center pin CP descends, the other end side of the guide plates GP1 and GP2 gradually inclines due to the horizontal restricted movement of the through pins 64a and 64b, so that the lower side fixed to the side surface of each guide plate is fixed. The mold holding members 80a and 80b are also tilted, and at the same time, the pair of lower half molds 82a and 82b are gradually tilted. As a result, the half molds 82a and 82b are separated from each other while being inclined.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is also gradually bent, and the contact portions 96a and 96b formed on the mold holding members 80a and 80b at time t3 hit the stoppers 92a and 92b. The contact state is maintained until time t4. During this ΔT, the ram cylinder 34 is held in a state of maximum back pressure P1b corresponding to a pressing force of approximately 30 tons.

Then, at time t5, the upper mold 40 rises, releases from the molded elbow material, recedes to the ascending limit position, and stops at time t6.

On the other hand, referring to the waveform of the back pressure P3 of the hydraulic cylinder 22 that urges the center pin CP upward during this period, the guide plate and the like are held horizontally from time t0 to t2. At time t2, the upper mold 40 comes into contact with the center pin CP and the contact member 28a (see FIG. 5) is pressed downward through one end of the guide plate, so that the upper mold 40 rises to P3b, which is larger than P3a, until time t3. The difference between the back pressure of the ram cylinder 34 and the back pressure P1a is kept substantially constant. At time t3, the mold holding members 80a and 80b come into contact with the stoppers 92a and 92b, so that the back pressure P3 is temporarily set to zero. Then, at time t7 after time t5, the hydraulic cylinder 22 is started again with the back pressure P3c, the contact member 28a is raised, and the center pin CP is raised while the molded elbow material is placed, and the guide plate is raised at time t8. GP1 and GP2 are returned to the initial horizontal state. After that, the back pressure P3 returns to the original state of P3a. In this case, as described above, the time t7 is not limited to after t6.

Further, referring to the waveform of the back pressure P2 of the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 that presses one end surface of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM during this period, as described above, the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM is heated to a predetermined temperature by the conveying means at time t0. When the metal hollow rod-shaped members PM are placed on a pair of lower molds 82a and 82b arranged horizontally, the hydraulic cylinder unit 88 is activated and the push piece member 90 is pressed at time t01 as shown in FIG. It abuts on the right end surface of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM. The back pressure P2 continues to rise, becomes P2a at time t2, then holds P2a and rises to P2b corresponding to P1b at time t3, becomes zero at time t4, and then the push piece member 90 separates from the end face and retreats. .. (Waveforms after t4 are omitted.) After time t2, it is possible to temporarily lower the waveform than P2a as in the waveform P2'.

It should be noted that the waveform P2 rises prior to the time t2 and becomes P2a because the outside of the bent portion of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM indicated by the reference reference numeral Q in FIG. 4 has a wall thickness due to bending. By pressing the end face of the pipe in advance to replenish the thinning, a bulge is formed inside the bent portion of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM placed on the lower mold, the upper mold 40, and the center pin CP in the cross section taken along the line BB of FIG. Reference numeral S in the figure is a plastic deformation receiving space formed near the bending center of the upper mold 40, and when the upper portion of the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM having a hexagonal cross-sectional outer shape is compressed during bending molding. It is a space that receives the plastically deformed part. As can be seen from the figure, the metal hollow rod-shaped member PM (hexagonal outer circumference) has sides extending from the top of the upper end to the left and right, and the cross section is relatively smaller by S than in the case where the outer circumference is circular. Therefore, since the amount of rod-shaped members existing between the hollow hole and each of the above sides is also small, the amount of plastic deformation caused by the compressive force acting on the portion during bending is relatively small. As a result, the circular hollow holes are less likely to be plastically deformed into an elliptical shape. By using the above device and method, an elbow material can be obtained by bending and molding a metal hollow rod-shaped member having hollow substantially circular cross-sectional passages that open at both ends along the axial direction at a predetermined angle.

International Publication No. 2008/069269 Pamphlet

By the way, conventionally, there has been a need for a product in which the diameters of one opening and the other opening are different from each other with respect to the elbow material. This is because when piping in a limited area or when piping at the shortest distance, not all pipes to be connected always have the same diameter. In such a situation, if the joint for changing the diameter and the elbow joint can have both functions with a single joint, wasteful piping can be prevented. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, for each of the L-shaped solid steel materials, a drill having a required diameter is used from both ends. Open each. In this case, the L-shaped intersections are formed vertically, but a large amount of cutting chips are generated with cutting.

In addition, turbulence is generated near the intersection of the elbow materials in the L-shape, which reduces the conductance. When the conductance decreased, even if pressure oil was applied to the pipe, it was a cause that an appropriate pressure was not applied to the opposite end.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to generate cutting chips by forming a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion in a metal rod-shaped member by plastic working. It is to provide a way to avoid it significantly.

In the method according to the present invention for achieving the above object, a large-diameter passage portion and a small-diameter passage portion are formed on a metal rod-shaped member, heated to a predetermined temperature, and bent to a predetermined angle by an elbow material bending device. As a result, a metal elbow material with a different diameter is formed.

According to the present invention, since a large-diameter portion and a small-diameter portion are formed in the metal rod-shaped member by plastic working, it is possible to significantly avoid the generation of cutting chips.

It is a figure explaining the conventional toggle type link mechanism. It is a front view of the whole conventional bending apparatus. FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line ZZ of FIG. 2 according to a conventional bending device, and is a view showing details of a bending forming unit in a plan view. Corresponding to the AA line cross section of FIG. 3 according to the conventional bending device, the state where the pipe member is placed on the half mold is shown on the left side, and the center pin is lowered on the right side. It is a figure which shows the state which the guide plate is inclined from the horizontal state to each other, the pipe member is bent at a predetermined angle, and is placed on a semi-mold. Corresponding to the cross section taken along line AA of FIG. 3 according to the conventional bending device, the left side shows a state in which a metal hollow rod-shaped member is placed on a half mold, and the right side thereof It is a figure which shows the state which the center pin is lowered, the guide plate is tilted from the horizontal state, and the metal hollow rod-shaped member is bent at a predetermined angle, and is placed on a semi-mold. FIG. 3 is a view taken along the line XX of FIG. 3 according to a conventional bending device, and details of a guide mechanism for guiding the center pin in the vertical direction are shown on the right side thereof. Another example of the X-ray arrow view of FIG. 3 according to the conventional bending device, the details of the guide mechanism for guiding the center pin in the vertical direction are shown on the right side thereof. It is a figure which shows the detailed shape of the upper die which concerns on the conventional bending apparatus, (a) shows the upper die of FIG. 2 enlarged, (b) is the upper die seen from the Y direction of (a). The detailed shape of the mold is shown. Another example of the figure showing the detailed shape of the upper mold according to the conventional bending device, (a) is an enlarged view of the upper mold of FIG. 2, and (b) is from the Y direction of (a). The detailed shape of the upper mold is shown. In the process up to the end of molding of the elbow material related to the conventional bending device, the back pressure of the ram cylinder corresponding to the bending force of the metal hollow rod-shaped member and the back pressure of the high-pressure cylinder corresponding to the pressing force on the end face of the metal hollow rod-shaped member. It is a graph which shows the change of the pressure and the back pressure of the hydraulic cylinder which pushes up a center pin from the lower side to the upper side through a guide plate on the vertical axis, and the elapsed time on the horizontal axis. It is a figure which shows the positional relationship between the metal hollow rod-shaped member placed on the lower mold, the upper mold and the center pin in the cross section of line BB of FIG. 3 which concerns on a conventional bending apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the half-split elbow material cut along the axial direction of the metal rod-shaped member 102 which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the elbow formed from the elbow material which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the conventional elbow.

A case of producing an elbow material having a different diameter as a preferred embodiment according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings below.

In order to manufacture the elbow material with different diameters, a hollow rod-shaped member made of metal with different diameters is manufactured, and the manufactured hollow rod-shaped member made of metal with different diameters is heated at a high frequency adjacent to the elbow material manufacturing apparatus proposed by the applicants. The metal hollow rod-shaped member is placed on a pair of semi-molds horizontally arranged in the elbow material manufacturing apparatus by heating by the apparatus, and then the metal hollow rod-shaped member is bent by the conveying means. Therefore, the production of a hollow rod-shaped member made of metal having a different diameter, which is a difference between the present invention and the prior art, will be described with reference to a plurality of examples.

There are two methods for manufacturing hollow rod-shaped members made of metal with different diameters: a method in which all processes are performed by cutting, a method in which a part of all processes is performed by cutting and the remaining processes are performed by plastic working, and a method in which all processes are plastic working. The method performed by is used.

Example 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B. The first embodiment is a method in which the entire process is performed by cutting.

The metal rod-shaped member 102 is a solid rod-shaped member having a radius r made of metal. A large-diameter hole 104 having a diameter of Dφ is opened in the metal rod-shaped member 102 with a metal drill. Here, since the tip of the metal drill has a taper, the taper 106 is also formed at the bottom of the large-diameter hole portion 104. If the corners formed by the taper 106 and the side wall are made smoother, the fluid resistance can be reduced.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 9B, a small-diameter hole 110 having a radius dφ is opened in the bottom surface 108 of the metal rod-shaped member 102 with a metal drill. By forming as described above, the hollow rod-shaped member 102 made of metal having a different diameter can be manufactured by all cutting.

Here, when the ratio of the large-diameter hole to the small-diameter hole in the elbow material is examined, when the elbow material is formed as an elbow, the axial length of the large-diameter hole straddles the elbow bend ( If it is formed so as to have a length (exceeding), the elbow bent portion having a high fluid resistance is formed of a large-diameter hole portion, so that the fluid resistance of the elbow can be reduced. When the hollow rod-shaped member 102 made of metal having a different diameter is bent by the bending device, the temperature is set to a predetermined temperature by the induction heating device.

Example 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10A and 10B. The second embodiment is a method in which the entire process is performed by plastic working. As shown in FIG. 10A, the solid rod-shaped member 112 is manufactured and processed into a cup shape with a bottom by forging. The inner diameter of the cup is Dφ.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 10B, by punching from above or below the solid rod-shaped member 112 over the diameter dφ in the center of the bottom portion 114, a linear shape having a large-diameter hole portion 116 and a small-diameter hole portion 118 is formed. A metal rod-shaped member 112 having a different diameter can be formed. Since there is no cutting process in this method, it is possible to avoid the generation of cutting chips.

Example 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 11A to 11I. Example 3 is also a method in which the entire process is performed by plastic working.

FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view of the metal rod-shaped member 120 before processing.

In FIG. 11B, a small-diameter hole portion 121 having a diameter of dφ is punched through a metal rod-shaped member 120 with a die.

In FIG. 11C, the two convex molds 122 and 126 having a tip diameter of dφ and the other end diameter of Dφ are placed at the upper and lower portions of the small diameter holes 121 of the metal rod-shaped member 120, respectively. To insert.

In FIG. 11D, the upper mold 122 is pushed into the metal rod-shaped member 120, and a large-diameter hole portion 125 having a diameter of Dφ is formed by plastic flow. The small diameter 121 is sealed by the portion 124 of what is extruded by the plastic flow.

FIG. 11E shows a state in which the molds 122 and 126 are removed. A large-diameter hole portion 125 having a diameter of Dφ is provided in the upper portion of the metal rod-shaped member 120, a small-diameter hole portion 121 having a diameter of dφ is provided in the lower portion, and the middle portion is closed by a portion 124.

In FIG. 11F, a cylindrical mold 132 having an outer shape of Dφ and a dφ small-diameter hole portion 133 penetrating inside is inserted into the large-diameter hole portion 125 and fixed. On the other hand, a mold 128 having a diameter of dφ is prepared on the opening side of the small-diameter hole portion 121.

In FIG. 11G, the portion 124 is removed by shearing with the mold 128. The portion 124 is extruded into the small diameter hole 133.

In FIG. 11H, the portion 124 is completely extruded, and by removing the molds 128 and 132, the metal rod-shaped member 120 has a large diameter hole portion 125 having a large diameter Dφ at the upper part and a small diameter having a small diameter dφ at the lower part. As shown in FIG. 11I, a linear metal rod-shaped member 120 having a different diameter that opens with a different diameter connected to the hole 121 is formed.

A further method for forming the metal rod-shaped member 120 having a different diameter will be described with reference to FIGS. 12A to 12H. FIG. 12A is a diagram in which a cylindrical mold 142 having a diameter of Dφ is arranged on the upper portion of the metal rod-shaped member 120 before processing.

Subsequently, FIG. 12B is a diagram in which a large-diameter hole portion 144 of Dφ is formed. During processing, the material of the metal rod-shaped member 120 is plastically flowed by the mold 142 to form a large-diameter hole portion 144.

Next, in FIG. 12C, a mold 146 having a diameter of dφ is arranged at the lower end of the metal rod-shaped member 120.

Further, in FIG. 12D, the dφ small-diameter hole portion 148 is opened by the plastic flow in the mold 146. At this time, the opening is made so as not to penetrate the large-diameter hole portion 144. FIG. 12E shows a state in which the mold 146 is removed from the metal rod-shaped member 120.

Next, in FIG. 12F, a cylindrical mold 150 having an outer diameter of Dφ and a small-diameter hole portion 154 of dφ inside is inserted into the large-diameter hole 144. The length of the cylindrical mold 150 is substantially equal to the length of the large-diameter hole 144. On the other hand, a mold 146 having a diameter of dφ is prepared on the opening side of the small-diameter hole portion 148.

In FIG. 12G, the portion 152 sandwiched between the large-diameter hole portion 144 and the small-diameter hole portion 148 by the mold 146 is removed by shearing. The portion 152 is extruded into the small diameter hole 154.

In FIG. 12H, the portion 152 is completely extruded, and by removing the molds 146 and 150, the metal rod-shaped member 120 has a large-diameter hole 144 having a large-diameter Dφ at the top and a small-diameter dφ at the bottom. A linear metal rod-shaped member 120 having a different diameter is formed, which is connected to the hole portion 148 and has a different diameter.

As described above, it has been described that Example 1 is only cutting, and Examples 2, 3 and 4 are only plastic working. In addition to this, a hollow rod-shaped member made of metal having a different diameter can be manufactured by appropriately combining cutting and plastic working. At that time, it is preferable to select the cutting portion so as to reduce the cutting chips as much as possible.

As described above, metal hollow rod-shaped members having different diameters are generated, heated by a high-frequency heating device adjacent to the elbow material manufacturing device, and then the metal hollow rod-shaped members are horizontally arranged on the elbow material manufacturing device by a conveying means. By placing it on a pair of semi-molds, it can be bent to form an elbow material with a different diameter. FIG. 13 shows a cross section of an elbow having a different diameter in which a fastening screw portion S is machined on the outer peripheral portion or the like from the elbow material. In the present invention, plastic working includes terms such as bending, forging, plastic flow, shearing, and punching. Further, in the above description, the case where the large-diameter passage and the small-diameter passage penetrate is illustrated, but the method for manufacturing the elbow material according to the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in FIG. 12F, the portion 152 can be removed by cutting in a process after bending at a predetermined angle with a bending device while leaving the portion 152.

Similarly, smooth processing of the stepped portion can be performed after bending processing.

Further, the elbow material according to the present invention means a member provided for the bending process, and therefore, not only when the passage of the rod-shaped member penetrates, but also between the large-diameter passage portion and the small-diameter passage portion. If there is no gap, it shall also include (see FIG. 12F).

10 Base frame 12 Support 14 units 16 Base plate 18 Bending forming unit 20a, 20b Guide member 22 Hydraulic cylinder 24 Rod 26 Support plate 28a, 28b Contact member 30 Column 32 Head 34 Lamb cylinder 36 Lamb 38 Holding plate 40 Upper mold 42 Top Mold holder 44 Guide bar 50, 52 Outer plate 54, 56 Side plate 60a, 60b Plate 62a, 62b Long hole 64a, 64b Through pin 66a, 66b Guide member 68 Snap ring 70 Spring 72 Sliding member 80a, 80b Mold holding Members 82a, 82b Half mold 84 Spacer 86 Piece member 88 Hydraulic cylinder unit 88a Fixing member 88b Bracket 88c Piston rod 90 Push piece member 92a, 92b Stopper 94a, 94b Contact member 96a, 96b Contact portion 100a, 100b Mold part 102 Metal rod-shaped member 104 Large-diameter hole 106 Tapered 110 Bottom surface 112 Solid rod-shaped member 114 Center of bottom 116 Large-diameter hole 118 Small-diameter hole 120 Metal rod-shaped member 122 Upper mold 124 Ring-shaped 126 Lower metal Mold 128 Mold 130 Large-diameter hole 132 Guide 134, 136 Part CP Center pin CP1 Small diameter CP2 End face CP3 Left end face F1 First contact surface Fa Contact surface FS Vertical plane part GP1, GP2 Guide plate P1, P2, P3 Back pressure PM Metal hollow rod-shaped member S Plastic deformation receiving void

Claims (1)

A rod-shaped elbow material formed of a single metal rod-shaped member having a predetermined length and having both ends open.
A large-diameter and small-diameter passage that communicates with both ends of the opening and a connection portion between the large-diameter passage and the small-diameter passage are provided.
The large-diameter passage is formed from one side opening end to a position straddling the elbow bending portion.
The small-diameter passage is formed from the end of the opening on the other side to the straddling position.
Further, the connecting portion is formed smoothly, and the length of the large-diameter hole passage in the axial direction is formed so as to straddle the elbow bending portion, and the elbow bending portion having a higher fluid resistance than the small-diameter passage is formed. Is a single different diameter elbow material characterized by being composed of large diameter hole passages.

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