JP2017201917A - Complex agricultural facilities - Google Patents
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- JP2017201917A JP2017201917A JP2016094670A JP2016094670A JP2017201917A JP 2017201917 A JP2017201917 A JP 2017201917A JP 2016094670 A JP2016094670 A JP 2016094670A JP 2016094670 A JP2016094670 A JP 2016094670A JP 2017201917 A JP2017201917 A JP 2017201917A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、複合農業施設に関する。 The present invention relates to a complex agricultural facility.
従来、温室の床下に地下貯水槽を備える一方、温室内の床上に畜産施設、有機肥料製造施設、農作物栽培施設等を階層的に備え、該地下貯水槽から汲み上げた水を屋根に撒水することにより温室内の温度を調節するようにした複合農業施設が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, underground storage tanks are provided under the greenhouse floor, while livestock facilities, organic fertilizer manufacturing facilities, crop cultivation facilities, etc. are provided hierarchically on the floor of the greenhouse, and the water pumped from the underground storage tank is flooded onto the roof. There is known a combined agricultural facility that adjusts the temperature in the greenhouse by using (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、前記複合農業施設では、前記地下貯水槽から汲み上げた水を単に撒水管から屋根に流しているに過ぎない。このため、例えば夏季においては、水が流れた部分では温度が下がるが、それ以外の部分の温度は下がらず、温室内の温度を均一に調整することが難しいという不都合がある。 However, in the complex agricultural facility, the water pumped up from the underground water tank is simply flowed from the submerged pipe to the roof. For this reason, in summer, for example, the temperature decreases in a portion where water flows, but the temperature in other portions does not decrease, and it is difficult to uniformly adjust the temperature in the greenhouse.
本発明は、かかる不都合を解消して、温室内の温度を均一に調整することができる複合農業施設を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a combined agricultural facility that can eliminate such inconvenience and can uniformly adjust the temperature in a greenhouse.
かかる目的を達成するために、本発明の複合農業施設は、透明部材からなる屋根及び壁を備える温室の床下に設けられた地下貯水槽と、該温室内の床上に設けられ、断熱材が配設された壁及び天井と、該天井を貫通する通気孔とを備える保温室と、該保温室の上方に設けられた栽培棚とを備える複合農業施設であって、該地下貯水槽に収容された水を汲み上げる揚水手段と、該揚水手段により汲み上げられた水を該屋根に撒水する撒水手段とを備え、該屋根はその傾きに沿って流下する水を貯留する複数の凹部を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve such an object, the combined agricultural facility of the present invention is provided with an underground water storage tank provided under the floor of a greenhouse having a roof and walls made of transparent members, and an insulating material provided on the floor in the greenhouse. A combined agricultural facility comprising a wall and ceiling provided, a heat retention room provided with a ventilation hole penetrating the ceiling, and a cultivation shelf provided above the heat retention room, and is accommodated in the underground water storage tank A pumping means for pumping up the water, and a flooding means for flooding the water pumped up by the pumping means to the roof, the roof having a plurality of recesses for storing water flowing down along the inclination. And
本発明の複合農業施設は、前記温室の床下に設けられた前記地下貯水槽と、温室内の床上に設けられた前記保温室と、前記栽培棚とを備える。前記保温室は、断熱材が配設された壁及び天井を備えており、その内部を温室内の雰囲気よりも高い温度に維持することができるので、堆肥、家畜糞尿等を発酵させて有機肥料を製造したり、キノコ等を栽培したりする用途に好適に用いることができる。また、前記栽培棚は、前記保温室の上方に設けられ、植木鉢、プランター等を載置して農作物、花卉等の栽培を行うことができる。 The combined agricultural facility of the present invention includes the underground water storage tank provided under the floor of the greenhouse, the storage room provided on the floor in the greenhouse, and the cultivation shelf. The greenhouse is provided with a wall and a ceiling provided with a heat insulating material, and the interior thereof can be maintained at a temperature higher than the atmosphere in the greenhouse. Can be suitably used for the purpose of producing mushrooms and the like. Moreover, the said cultivation shelf is provided above the said greenhouse, and can plant a flower pot, a planter, etc., and can grow crops, a flower bud, etc.
このとき、前記保温室では、前記堆肥、家畜糞尿等の発酵により発生する発酵熱又は、前記キノコ等の栽培による発熱を前記通気孔から上方に逃がすことができるので、前記熱により、前記栽培棚で栽培される農作物、花卉等を加温することができ、その成育を促進することができる。 At this time, in the storage room, the heat generated by fermentation of the compost, livestock manure, etc. or the heat generated by the cultivation of the mushrooms can be released upward from the vent hole. Agricultural crops, florets and the like cultivated in can be heated and their growth can be promoted.
ところで、このようにするときには、夏季等において前記温室内の温度が過度に高くなることが懸念される。また、冬季等には、前記熱を利用しても前記温室内の温度が十分に高くならないことが懸念される。 By the way, when doing in this way, we are anxious about the temperature in the said greenhouse becoming high too much in summer. In winter and the like, there is a concern that the temperature in the greenhouse does not become sufficiently high even if the heat is used.
そこで、本発明の複合農業施設は、前記地下貯水槽に収容された水を前記揚水手段により汲み上げ、前記撒水手段により前記温室の屋根に撒水する。このようにすると、前記撒水手段から撒水された水が前記屋根の上に拡がって流れるため、前記温室の屋根及び壁の全面を流水で覆うことができ、その水温により温室内を均一に冷却又は加温することができる。 Therefore, the combined agricultural facility of the present invention pumps the water stored in the underground water storage tank by the pumping means, and floods the roof of the greenhouse by the flooding means. In this way, since the water flooded from the flooding means spreads and flows on the roof, the entire roof and walls of the greenhouse can be covered with running water, and the inside of the greenhouse is uniformly cooled or cooled by the water temperature. Can be warmed.
また、このとき前記屋根は、その傾きに沿って流下する水を貯留する複数の凹部を備えるので、該凹部により該屋根上における水の滞留時間を長くすることができ、その水温により前記温室内を冷却又は加温するときにより大きな効果を得ることができる。 In addition, at this time, the roof includes a plurality of recesses for storing water flowing down along the inclination, so that the residence time of water on the roof can be increased by the recesses, and the temperature of the water in the greenhouse can be increased. Greater effects can be obtained when cooling or warming.
本発明の複合農業施設において、前記温室は、前記屋根及び壁の外方に設けられた透明部材からなる外壁を備えることが好ましい。前記温室は、前記外壁を備えることにより、該外壁と前記屋根及び壁との間に空気層を形成することができ、該空気層と前記屋根の凹部に貯留される水とにより、該温室の内外の温度差を大きくすることができる。 In the combined agricultural facility of the present invention, it is preferable that the greenhouse includes an outer wall made of a transparent member provided outside the roof and the wall. By providing the outer wall with the outer wall, an air layer can be formed between the outer wall and the roof and the wall, and the air layer and water stored in the concave portion of the roof make the greenhouse The temperature difference between the inside and outside can be increased.
また、本発明の複合農業施設において、前記地下貯水槽は積雪を収容するようにしてもよく、地下水を汲み上げるポンプを備えていてもよい。前記地下貯水槽は積雪を収容する場合、夏季にはその融水を前記温室の屋根に撒水することにより、温室内を冷却することができる。また、前記地下貯水槽は地下水を汲み上げるポンプを備える場合、冬季には該ポンプにより汲み上げられた地下水を貯留し、該地下水を前記温室の屋根に撒水することにより、積雪を融かしたり、温室内を加温したりすることができる。 Moreover, in the combined agricultural facility of the present invention, the underground water storage tank may contain snow and may be provided with a pump for pumping up the ground water. When the underground water storage tank stores snow, the inside of the greenhouse can be cooled by flooding the molten water onto the roof of the greenhouse in summer. In addition, when the underground water storage tank is equipped with a pump for pumping up ground water, the ground water pumped up by the pump is stored in winter, and the ground water is flooded on the roof of the greenhouse to melt snow, The inside can be heated.
また、本発明の複合農業施設は、前記撒水手段により前記屋根に撒水された水を回収して前記地下貯水槽に循環させる循環手段と、回収された水の温度を撒水前の温度に調整する温度調整手段とを備えることが好ましい。 The combined agricultural facility of the present invention adjusts the temperature of the recovered water to the temperature before the flooding, the circulating means for collecting the water flooded on the roof by the flooding means and circulating it to the underground water storage tank. It is preferable to provide a temperature adjusting means.
前記循環手段は、前記撒水手段により前記温室の屋根に撒水された水を回収して前記地下貯水槽に循環させるが、一旦前記屋根に撒水された水は、該屋根の上を流下する間に外気や積雪と熱交換するため、加熱又は冷却されている。そこで、前記温度調整手段は、前記循環手段により回収された水を加熱又は冷却し、回収された水の温度を撒水前の温度に調整する。 The circulation means collects water that has been flooded to the roof of the greenhouse by the flooding means and circulates it to the underground water storage tank, while the water that has been flooded to the roof once flows down the roof. Heated or cooled to exchange heat with the outside air and snow. Therefore, the temperature adjusting means heats or cools the water collected by the circulation means, and adjusts the temperature of the collected water to the temperature before flooding.
このようにすることにより、前記地下貯水槽に貯留される水の温度が常に一定に保持されるので、該地下貯水槽に貯留される水を該地下貯水槽と前記屋根との間で循環させて使用することができる。 By doing so, since the temperature of the water stored in the underground water storage tank is always kept constant, the water stored in the underground water storage tank is circulated between the underground water storage tank and the roof. Can be used.
本発明の複合農業施設において、前記温室は、例えばビニールハウスとすることができる。 In the combined agricultural facility of the present invention, the greenhouse may be, for example, a vinyl house.
次に、添付の図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態についてさらに詳しく説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図１に示すように、本実施形態の複合農業施設１は、例えば、透明な合成樹脂製シートからなる外壁２と、外壁２の内部に設けられたビニールハウスからなる温室３と、温室３の床下に設けられた地下貯水槽４と、温室３内の床上に設けられた保温室５と、栽培棚６とを備える。 As shown in FIG. 1, the combined agricultural facility 1 of this embodiment includes, for example, an outer wall 2 made of a transparent synthetic resin sheet, a greenhouse 3 made of a plastic house provided inside the outer wall 2, and a greenhouse 3. An underground water storage tank 4 provided under the floor, a storage room 5 provided on the floor in the greenhouse 3, and a cultivation shelf 6 are provided.
温室３は、図示しない支柱により支持されており、切妻型の屋根３ａと、屋根３ａの下端に連なる壁３ｂとからなる。屋根３ａは透明な合成樹脂製板材からなり、上部から下部に向かって凹部７と凸部８とが交互に連なる波形状を備えている。また、壁３ｂは平板状の透明な合成樹脂製板材からなる。 The greenhouse 3 is supported by a pillar (not shown), and includes a gable roof 3a and a wall 3b continuous to the lower end of the roof 3a. The roof 3a is made of a transparent synthetic resin plate, and has a wave shape in which the concave portions 7 and the convex portions 8 are alternately arranged from the upper portion toward the lower portion. The wall 3b is made of a flat transparent synthetic resin plate.
また、屋根３ａは、その頂部を形成する棟の稜線に沿って延在する水管３ｃを備えており、水管３ｃはその長さ方向に沿って屋根３ａ上に開口する複数の孔部（図示せず）を備え、該孔部から屋根３ａ上に撒水する撒水手段を構成している。尚、屋根３ａ及び壁３ｂは図に対し垂直方向に延在しており、その両端面は図示しない透明な合成樹脂製板材からなる壁により閉塞されている。 Moreover, the roof 3a is provided with a water pipe 3c extending along the ridge line of the ridge forming its top, and the water pipe 3c has a plurality of holes (not shown) opened on the roof 3a along its length direction. ) And is configured to flood water from the hole onto the roof 3a. The roof 3a and the wall 3b extend in a direction perpendicular to the figure, and both end surfaces thereof are closed by walls made of a transparent synthetic resin plate material (not shown).
地下貯水槽４は、例えばコンクリートにより形成することができ、内部に収容されている貯留水Ｗを底部から汲み出す揚水管９を備えている。揚水管９は、揚水ポンプ１０を介して水管３ｃに接続されており、揚水管９及び揚水ポンプ１０により揚水手段が構成されている。 The underground water storage tank 4 can be formed of, for example, concrete, and includes a pumping pipe 9 that pumps the stored water W accommodated therein from the bottom. The pumping pipe 9 is connected to the water pipe 3c via the pumping pump 10, and the pumping pipe 9 and the pumping pump 10 constitute pumping means.
また、温室３の壁３ｂの下部には屋根３ａに撒水された水を回収する回収管１１が接続されており、回収管１１の端部は地下貯水槽４内に開口している。この結果、回収管１１により、屋根３ａに撒水された水を地下貯水槽４に循環させる循環手段が構成されている。 Further, a recovery pipe 11 for recovering water flooded by the roof 3 a is connected to the lower part of the wall 3 b of the greenhouse 3, and an end of the recovery pipe 11 is opened in the underground water storage tank 4. As a result, the recovery pipe 11 constitutes a circulation means for circulating the water flooded on the roof 3a to the underground water storage tank 4.
また、回収管１１の途中には、回収された水の温度を調整する温度調整手段１２が設けられている。温度調整手段１２は、いずれも図示しないクーリングタワー及びヒーターを備え、該クーリングタワーと該ヒーターとは、回収された水の温度に応じて選択的に使用される。 Further, a temperature adjusting means 12 for adjusting the temperature of the recovered water is provided in the middle of the recovery pipe 11. Each of the temperature adjusting means 12 includes a cooling tower and a heater (not shown), and the cooling tower and the heater are selectively used according to the temperature of the recovered water.
さらに、地下貯水槽４は地下水供給管１３を備えており、地下水供給管１３の途中には地下水を汲み上げるポンプ１４が配設されている。 Further, the underground water storage tank 4 is provided with a groundwater supply pipe 13, and a pump 14 for pumping up the groundwater is disposed in the middle of the groundwater supply pipe 13.
次に、保温室５は、断熱材が配設された壁及び天井を備えており、その内部を温室３内の雰囲気よりも高い温度に維持することができるようになっている。保温室５の壁及び天井は、市販の断熱ボードにより形成することができ、該断熱ボードは例えば２枚の板材の間にグラスウール、ウレタンフォーム等の断熱材が挟持された構成を備えている。保温室５は、その構造から、堆肥、家畜糞尿等を発酵させて有機肥料を製造したり、キノコ等を栽培したりする用途に好適に用いることができる。 Next, the greenhouse 5 includes a wall and a ceiling on which a heat insulating material is disposed, and the inside thereof can be maintained at a temperature higher than the atmosphere in the greenhouse 3. The wall and the ceiling of the warming room 5 can be formed by a commercially available heat insulating board, and the heat insulating board has a configuration in which a heat insulating material such as glass wool or urethane foam is sandwiched between two plate materials. Because of its structure, the warming chamber 5 can be suitably used for fermenting compost, livestock manure, etc. to produce organic fertilizer, or to cultivate mushrooms and the like.
栽培棚６は、保温室５の上方に設けられており、植木鉢、プランター等の容器６ａを載置することにより、農作物、花卉等の植物Ｖの栽培を行うことができる。 The cultivation shelf 6 is provided above the storage room 5, and plants V such as agricultural crops and flower buds can be cultivated by placing containers 6 a such as flower pots and planters.
本実施形態の複合農業施設１の作用について説明する。 The operation of the combined agricultural facility 1 of this embodiment will be described.
本実施形態の複合農業施設１では、保温室５の内部で前記有機肥料の製造やキノコ等の栽培を行うことができる。このとき、保温室５内部の雰囲気は、前記堆肥、家畜糞尿等の発酵により発生する発酵熱又は、前記キノコ等の栽培による発熱等により７０〜９０℃程度の高温になるが、該雰囲気は保温室５の天井に設けられた通気孔５ａから上方に逃がすことができる。 In the combined agricultural facility 1 of the present embodiment, the organic fertilizer can be produced and mushrooms can be cultivated inside the greenhouse 5. At this time, the atmosphere inside the heat-retaining greenhouse 5 becomes a high temperature of about 70 to 90 ° C. due to fermentation heat generated by fermentation of the compost, livestock manure, or the like, or heat generated by cultivation of the mushrooms or the like. It can escape upward from the vent hole 5a provided in the ceiling of the chamber 5.
また、温室３では、透明な合成樹脂製透明シートからなる外壁２と、透明な合成樹脂製板材からなる屋根３ａ及び壁３ｂを介して採光することができるので、栽培棚６上に載置された植木鉢、プランター等の容器６ａに収容された土壌で農作物、花卉等の植物Ｖを栽培することができる。このとき、栽培棚６上は保温室５の通気孔５ａから供給される高温の雰囲気により加温されるので、前記農作物、花卉等の植物Ｖの成育を促進することができる。 Moreover, in the greenhouse 3, since it can light through the outer wall 2 which consists of a transparent synthetic resin transparent sheet, and the roof 3a and wall 3b which consist of a transparent synthetic resin board | plate material, it is mounted on the cultivation shelf 6 Plants V such as agricultural crops and flower buds can be cultivated in soil accommodated in containers 6a such as plant pots and planters. At this time, since the top of the cultivation shelf 6 is heated by the high temperature atmosphere supplied from the vent 5a of the warming chamber 5, the growth of the plants V such as the crops and the florets can be promoted.
ところで、このようにするときには、夏季等には温室３内の温度が過度に高くなることがあり、冬季等には前記熱を利用しても温室３内の温度が十分に高くならないことがある。 By the way, when doing in this way, the temperature in the greenhouse 3 may become excessively high in summer or the like, and the temperature in the greenhouse 3 may not be sufficiently high even if the heat is used in winter or the like. .
そこで、本実施形態の複合農業施設１では、地下貯水槽４に収容された水を揚水管９及び揚水ポンプ１０により汲み上げ、温室３の水管３ｃから屋根３ａ上に撒水する。このようにすると、水管３ｃから撒水された水が屋根３ａ上に拡がって流れるため、屋根３ａ及び壁３ｂの全面を流水で覆うことができ、その水温により温室３内を均一に冷却又は加温することができる。 Therefore, in the combined agricultural facility 1 of the present embodiment, the water stored in the underground water storage tank 4 is pumped by the pumping pipe 9 and the pumping pump 10, and is flooded from the water pipe 3c of the greenhouse 3 onto the roof 3a. In this way, since the water drowned from the water pipe 3c spreads and flows on the roof 3a, the entire surface of the roof 3a and the wall 3b can be covered with running water, and the inside of the greenhouse 3 is uniformly cooled or heated by the water temperature. can do.
このとき、屋根３ａは、前述のように上部から下部に向かって凹部７と凸部８とが交互に連なる波形状を備えているので、水管３ｃから撒水された水はまず凹部７に貯留され、凹部７から溢れた水が凸部８を超えて次の凹部７に貯留される。この結果、屋根３ａ上における水の滞留時間を長くすることができ、その水温により温室３内を冷却又は加温するときにより大きな効果を得ることができる。 At this time, since the roof 3a has a wave shape in which the concave portions 7 and the convex portions 8 are alternately connected from the upper portion to the lower portion as described above, the water flooded from the water pipe 3c is first stored in the concave portion 7. The water overflowing from the concave portion 7 is stored in the next concave portion 7 beyond the convex portion 8. As a result, the residence time of water on the roof 3a can be lengthened, and a greater effect can be obtained when the inside of the greenhouse 3 is cooled or heated by the water temperature.
本実施形態の複合農業施設１では、冬季の積雪を地下貯水槽４に貯留しておき、夏季にはその融水を屋根３ａ上に撒水することにより、温室３内を冷却することができる。また、本実施形態の複合農業施設１では、冬季にはポンプ１４により地下水供給管１３を介して汲み上げた地下水を地下貯水槽４に貯留し、該地下水を屋根３ａ上に撒水することにより、外壁２上の積雪を融かしたり、温室３内を加温したりすることができる。 In the combined agricultural facility 1 of the present embodiment, winter snow can be stored in the underground water tank 4, and the melted water can be submerged on the roof 3a in the summer to cool the inside of the greenhouse 3. In the combined agricultural facility 1 of the present embodiment, the groundwater pumped up by the pump 14 via the groundwater supply pipe 13 is stored in the underground water tank 4 in the winter, and the groundwater is submerged on the roof 3a, so that the outer wall The snow cover on 2 can be melted or the inside of the greenhouse 3 can be heated.
尚、本実施例では、外壁２の内部にビニールハウスからなる温室３を設けているが、外壁２をビニールハウスとし、その内部に温室３を設けるようにしてもよい。また、本実施例では、屋根３ａを透明な合成樹脂製板材により構成しているが、屋根３ａは透明な合成樹脂製シートにより構成し、適宜フレーム等を用いて凹部７及び凸部８を形成するようにしてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the greenhouse 3 made of a plastic house is provided inside the outer wall 2, but the outer wall 2 may be a plastic house and the greenhouse 3 may be provided therein. In this embodiment, the roof 3a is made of a transparent synthetic resin plate material. However, the roof 3a is made of a transparent synthetic resin sheet, and the concave portions 7 and the convex portions 8 are appropriately formed using a frame or the like. You may make it do.
１…複合農業施設、 ２…外壁、 ３…温室、 ３ａ…屋根、 ３ｂ…壁、 ３ｃ…水管（撒水手段）、 ４…地下貯水槽、 ５…保温室、 ６…栽培棚、 ７…凹部、 ９…揚水管（揚水手段）、 １０…揚水ポンプ（揚水手段）。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Complex agricultural facility, 2 ... Outer wall, 3 ... Greenhouse, 3a ... Roof, 3b ... Wall, 3c ... Water pipe (flooding means), 4 ... Underground water storage tank, 5 ... Reservoir, 6 ... Cultivation shelf, 7 ... Recess, 9 ... pumping pipe (pumping means), 10 ... pumping pump (pumping means).
Claims (6)
該温室内の床上に設けられ、断熱材が配設された壁及び天井と、該天井を貫通する通気孔とを備える保温室と、
該保温室の上方に設けられた栽培棚とを備える複合農業施設であって、
該地下貯水槽に収容された水を汲み上げる揚水手段と、
該揚水手段により汲み上げられた水を該屋根に撒水する撒水手段とを備え、
該屋根はその傾きに沿って流下する水を貯留する複数の凹部を備えることを特徴とする複合農業施設。 An underground water tank provided under the floor of a greenhouse with a roof and walls made of transparent members;
A warming room provided on a floor in the greenhouse and provided with a wall and a ceiling on which a heat insulating material is disposed, and a ventilation hole penetrating the ceiling;
A combined agricultural facility comprising a cultivation shelf provided above the storage room,
Pumping means for pumping up water stored in the underground water tank;
A flooding means for flooding the roof with water pumped up by the pumping means,
The combined agricultural facility, wherein the roof includes a plurality of recesses for storing water flowing down along the inclination.
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| CN110800514A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-02-18 | 江苏中森建筑设计有限公司 | Automatic water supply planting structure for green roof in sponge city |
| CN111820043A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-10-27 | 湖南省园艺研究所 | Peach tree cultivation system and method |
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