JP2017193950A - Fire-proof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fire-proof structure which is superior in fire resistance and has extremely low heat transfer property to the supporting wood part, and even when a covering construction part gets damaged due to a fire etc., the damaged covering construction part can be easily removed, and further, another covering construction part may be relatively easily attached to a support wood part.SOLUTION: A fire-proof structure A used as a construction material includes: a support wood part 1 for supporting the load; and a covering construction part 2A disposed at the outer side of the support wood part 1 so that the periphery of the support wood part 1 is not exposed, and between the support wood part 1 and the covering construction part 2A, a space S is formed. The shortest distance between the support wood part and the covering construction part in the space is preferably 1-20 mm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a fireproof structure, and more particularly to a building material that is a framework of a building, that is, a fireproof structure having fire resistance used as a column, a beam, a wall, a foundation, or the like.

Many so-called wooden buildings that use wood as the main part for structural strength have been humidity-controlled, heat-insulating, etc., and the building materials that make up the wooden buildings are recyclable. Yes.
On the other hand, since a wooden building has the property of being vulnerable to fire, there is a demand for a fire-resistant structure with improved fire resistance while maintaining structural strength as a building material for wooden buildings.

For example, a load support layer made of wood or the like that is sufficient to support a long-term load, a flame stop layer that is disposed outside the load support layer and has a high heat capacity material having a larger heat capacity than wood, and an outside of the flame stop layer A structural material (for example, refer to Patent Document 1) provided with a burnt layer made of wood having a predetermined burnup thickness, a load support layer made of wood, etc. sufficient to support a long-term load, and the load An incombustible layer comprising an incombustible and heat insulating material disposed outside the support layer and a wood having a predetermined thickness and disposed outside the incombustible layer. A structural material provided with a layer (see, for example, Patent Document 2), a load support layer made of wood or the like that is sufficient to support a long-term load, and a predetermined burn-in thickness disposed outside the load support layer Thermal inertia from the load bearing layer White burning consists Kushida wood layers and comprising a structural member (e.g., Patent Document 3 reference) are known, or the like.
These structural materials are equipped with a burn-off layer as a part that disappears in the event of a fire, so even if the burn-off layer is burning, the load-bearing layer maintains strength over a certain period of time. Can be prevented from collapsing.

JP-A-2005-36456 Japanese Patent No. 40654416 Japanese Patent No. 4292119

However, in the structural materials described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, since the load support layer, the non-burning layer and the burnout layer are continuous in the lateral direction, if the burnout layer burns for a long time, Is transmitted to the load support layer. If it does so, there exists a possibility that the load supporting layer may be burnt with the said heat | fever, and the danger of catching fire depending on the case may arise.
Further, in the above structural material, after the burn-off layer burns, a large amount of ash remains and the flame-stopping layer is continuous with the load support layer, so that the load support layer remains. However, it is difficult to remove the flame-stopping layer and the burn-off layer. Furthermore, attaching another burn-off layer and burn-off layer to the load bearing layer requires a very complicated operation.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has excellent fire resistance, extremely low heat transfer to the supporting wood part, and even if the coated building material part is damaged by a fire or the like, it is damaged. It is an object of the present invention to provide a refractory structure in which the covered building material part can be easily removed and, in addition, another covered building material part can be attached to the supporting wood part relatively easily.

  The inventors of the present invention have intensively studied in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, the support wood part and the covered building material part are provided, and a space is positively provided between the support wood part and the covered building material part. Thus, the inventors have found that the above problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.

  The present invention is (1) a refractory structure used as a building material, and is arranged outside the support wood portion so that the support wood portion for supporting the load and the periphery of the support wood portion are not exposed. The fireproof structure includes a covered building material portion, and a space is provided between the support wood portion and the covered building material portion.

  This invention exists in the fireproof structure of the said (1) description whose shortest distance of the support wood part in a space and a covering building material part is 1 mm-20 mm.

  The present invention (3) further includes a plurality of spacers provided between the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion and the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion, and the space is based on the thickness of the spacer (1) Or it exists in the refractory structure as described in (2).

  The present invention resides in (4) the refractory structure according to the above (3), wherein the ratio of the spacer to the volume of the space is 50% or less.

  This invention exists in the fireproof structure as described in said (3) or (4) whose distance between an upper spacer and a lower spacer is (100) or less among (5) adjacent spacers.

  The present invention is as described in any one of the above (3) to (5), wherein (6) the support wood portion is a polygonal column having a side end portion, and the shortest distance from the side end portion to the spacer is 30 mm or more. Lies in the refractory structure.

  This invention exists in the fireproof structure as described in any one of said (3)-(6) whose thermal conductivity of (7) spacer is 0.5 W / (m * K) or less.

  This invention exists in the refractory structure as described in any one of said (1)-(7) in which (8) coating | covering building material part is formed by mutually connecting a some assembled block material.

  The present invention relates to (9) the refractory structure according to (8), wherein the assembly block member has a projection or a recess, and the projection of one assembly block member is fitted into the recess of the other assembly block member. Exist.

  This invention is (10) Fireproof as described in any one of said (1)-(9) by which the heat shielding film is provided in the outer peripheral surface of a support wood part, or the inner peripheral surface of a covering building material part. It exists in the structure.

  This invention exists in the fireproof structure as described in any one of said (1)-(10) used as (11) pillar, beam, or wall.

Since the refractory structure of the present invention includes the support wood portion for supporting the load, the structural strength can be reliably maintained.
Moreover, since the covering building material part is arrange | positioned on the outer side of this support wood part so that the circumference | surroundings of a support wood part may not be exposed, a support wood part does not receive the influence from the outside.

In the fireproof structure of the present invention, since a space is provided between the supporting wood part and the covered building material part, even if the covered building material part is heated during a fire, the heat is transmitted to the supporting wood part. Can be suppressed (heat transfer suppression effect). As a result, it is possible to prevent the support wood portion from being burnt or ignited.
Moreover, in a fireproof structure, a covering building material part can be easily removed from a support wood part through the space mentioned above (detachment | desorption easy effect). For example, when the covered building material part is subjected to a fire or damaged by an external impact, the damaged covered building material part can be removed and another covered building material part can be attached to the supporting wood part relatively easily.

  In the refractory structure of the present invention, the heat transfer suppression effect and the easy separation effect described above can be reliably exhibited by setting the shortest distance between the support wood part and the covering building material part in the space to 1 mm to 20 mm.

In the fireproof structure of the present invention, by providing a plurality of spacers between the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion and the inner peripheral surface of the covering building material portion, the covering building material portion is supported by the supporting wood portion via the spacer. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the covered building material portion from becoming unstable and wobbling and displacing with respect to the supporting wood portion (an effect of preventing wobble displacement). At this time, it is preferable that the distance between an upper spacer and a lower spacer among adjacent spacers is 100 cm or less.
Further, in this case, since the space is based on the thickness of the spacer, that is, the space is formed by the spacer, the space can be reliably ensured.

  In the refractory structure of the present invention, the heat transfer suppression effect described above can be effectively exhibited by setting the ratio of the spacer to 50% or less with respect to the volume of the space.

  In the fireproof structure of the present invention, the support wood part has a polygonal column shape having a side end part, and when the shortest distance from the side end part to the spacer is set to 30 mm or more, when the fire is received, the spacer itself fires. Can be made less susceptible to adverse effects.

  In the refractory structure of the present invention, since the thermal conductivity of the spacer is 0.5 W / (m · K) or less, the heat insulating property is excellent, so even if the coated building material part is heated, the spacer is interposed. Heat transfer to the supporting wood portion can be suppressed.

In the refractory structure of the present invention, the covered building material portion can be easily attached to the supporting wood portion by forming the covered building material portion by connecting a plurality of assembled block materials to each other. That is, by connecting the laminated block materials to each other, the coated building material portion can be attached to the outside of the supporting wood portion, and the assembled building block material can be disassembled to remove the coated building material portion.
At this time, in the fireproof structure, the assembled block material has a convex portion or a concave portion at the end, and the convex portion of one assembled block material is fitted to the concave portion of the other assembled block material. The assembled block materials can be firmly connected to each other.

  In the refractory structure of the present invention, heat can be blocked by providing a heat shielding film on the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion or the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion. In other words, when a thermal barrier film is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood part, the thermal barrier film highly reflects heat, and when a thermal barrier film is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the coated building material part, the thermal barrier film is low. It will be shielded by radiation.

  In the fireproof structure of this invention, it can use suitably as a pillar, a beam, or a wall among building materials.

FIG. 1A is a partially transparent perspective view showing a first embodiment using a refractory structure according to the present invention as a pillar, and FIG. 1B is a horizontal sectional view thereof. FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the supporting wood portion and the assembled block material of the covered building material portion disassembled in the refractory structure according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a state in which the convex portion of one assembled block member is fitted into the concave portion of the other assembled block member in the refractory structure according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the supporting wood portion and the assembled block material of the covered building material portion disassembled in the second embodiment using the refractory structure according to the present invention as a pillar. FIG. 5 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a third embodiment using the refractory structure according to the present invention as a beam. FIG. 6 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a fourth embodiment in which the fireproof structure according to the present invention is used as a wall. (A) of FIG. 7 shows the example at the time of providing the thermal-insulation film in the outer peripheral surface of a support wood part in the refractory structure which concerns on other embodiment, (b) is the refractory which concerns on other embodiment. In a structure, it is a horizontal sectional view showing an example at the time of providing a thermal barrier film on the inner peripheral surface of a covering building material part. (A)-(c) of FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view which shows the example which used the gypsum board instead of the laminated block material as a covering building material part in the fireproof structure which concerns on other embodiment. FIGS. 9A to 9C are horizontal views showing an example in which a solid material is used instead of a laminated block material as a covering building material portion in a refractory structure according to another embodiment, and the shape of the end portion of the joint portion is different. It is sectional drawing.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as necessary. In the drawings, the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. Further, the positional relationship such as up, down, left and right is based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified. Further, the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the illustrated ratios.

The fireproof structure according to the present invention is used as a building material. Specifically, among building materials, it is suitably used as a pillar, beam or wall.
(First embodiment)
First, a first embodiment of a refractory structure according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1A is a partially transparent perspective view showing a first embodiment using a refractory structure according to the present invention as a pillar, and FIG. 1B is a horizontal sectional view thereof.
As shown to (a) and (b) of FIG. 1, the fireproof structure A which concerns on 1st Embodiment is an example at the time of using as a pillar.
The refractory structure A includes a support wood portion 1 that is wood for supporting a load, and a covering building material portion 2A disposed outside the support wood portion 1 so that the periphery of the support wood portion 1 is not exposed. And a plurality of spacers 3 provided between the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion 2A. That is, in the refractory structure A, the covering building material portion 2A surrounds the supporting wood portion 1 in the horizontal direction, and a space S is provided between the supporting wood portion 1 and the covering building material portion 2A. The spacer 3 is provided in the space S.
In the refractory structure A, the upper and lower surfaces of the support wood portion 1 are not provided with the covering building material portion 2A. However, when the refractory structure A is used as a column, the upper and lower surfaces are beams, columns, or floors. Since it joins with other building materials, such as (slab), the upper surface and lower surface of the support wood part 1 will not be exposed as a result.

  Here, in the present specification, the “supporting wood part” means a part made of wood and supporting a load, and the “covered building material part” means that the periphery of the supporting wood part is not exposed. The site | part which consists of building materials which coat | covered the said support wood part is meant. Details of these will be described later.

  In the refractory structure A, since the covered building material portion 2A is disposed outside the support wood portion 1, the support wood portion 1 is not affected by the outside. Therefore, the support wood part 1 can support a load for a long time without being damaged. That is, the support wood part 1 can maintain the initial state.

In the refractory structure A, since the space S is provided between the supporting wood part 1 and the covered building material part 2A, even if heated from the outside of the covered building material part 2A in the event of a fire, the heat transfer Is blocked by the space S and transmitted to the support wood portion 1 as much as possible (heat transfer suppression effect). As a result, it is possible to prevent the support wood portion 1 from being burnt or ignited.
Further, in the fireproof structure A, by using the space S, the covered building material part 2A can be easily detached from the support wood part 1 (easily detached effect). For example, when the covered building material part 2A receives a fire or is damaged by an impact from the outside, the damaged covered building material part 2A can be removed and another covered building material part can be easily attached to the supporting wood part 1. .
In addition, since the covering building material part 2A is supported by the support wood part 1 via the plurality of spacers 3 provided in the space S, it is unstable with respect to the support wood part 1 and prevents the wobble and displacement. (To prevent wobbling displacement).

In the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment, the support wood portion 1 is a quadrangular columnar wood that serves as a core for supporting a load.
The support wood portion 1 is designed so as to be safe in terms of structural strength against load alone. That is, since the load can be supported by the supporting wood portion 1 alone, the structural yield strength can be reliably maintained even if the covered building material portion 2A is removed.
The “load” means a fixed load, a load load, a snow load, a wind load, a seismic load, a soil pressure, or a water pressure defined in the Building Standard Law.

The wood used for the supporting wood part 1 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include common materials such as red pine, bamboo shoots, Karamatsu, cedar, bamboo leaves, chestnuts, rice bran, spruce, rice hulls, rice pine.
It is preferable that the support wood part 1 employs a so-called solid material, which is wood cut out from logs, from the viewpoint of indoor humidity adjustment.
In addition, in the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment, since the space S is positively provided between the support wood portion 1 and the covered building material portion 2A, the support wood portion 1 is provided in the space S. The function of adjusting the humidity in the room can be exhibited through the air. For this reason, if the support wood part 1 is made of a solid material as described above, indoor humidity adjustment can be performed more efficiently.

In the fireproof structure A according to the first embodiment, the covered building material portion 2A has a hollow quadrangular prism shape having a quadrangular prism-shaped hollow portion. Note that the support wood portion 1 is accommodated in the hollow portion so as not to contact the covered building material portion 2A.
The covered building material portion 2A is formed by connecting a plurality of assembled block materials to each other.
Here, it is preferable that the thickness H1 of the side part (gathered block material) of the covering building material part 2A is 20 mm to 200 mm from the viewpoint of protecting the supporting wood part 1 from heat.
If the thickness H1 is less than 20 mm, compared to the case where the thickness H1 is within the above range, if a fire occurs, heat may be transferred to the load support layer, and the thickness H1 exceeds 200 mm. And since thickness becomes large compared with the case where thickness H1 exists in the said range, while there exists a fault to which workability | operativity worsens and cost rises.

FIG. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the supporting wood portion and the assembled block material of the covered building material portion disassembled in the refractory structure according to the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 2, the covering building material portion 2 </ b> A can be divided into four L-shaped assembled block members 21, 22, 23, and 24. That is, the hollow quadrangular prism-shaped covered building material portion 2 </ b> A is separable in the vicinity of approximately the middle of each side portion of the support wood portion 1.
For the sake of convenience, the lower left assembled block member shown in FIG. 2 is the first assembled block member 21, the upper left assembled block member is the second assembled block member 22, the upper right assembled block member is the third assembled block member 23, The lower right assembled block material is also referred to as a fourth assembled block material 24.

  In the covering building material portion 2A, the first assembled block material 21 has a convex portion 21a at the end portion on the fourth assembled block material 24 side, and a concave portion 21b at the end portion on the second assembled block material 22 side. . The second assembled block member 22 has a convex portion 22a at an end portion on the first assembled block member 21 side, and a concave portion 22b at an end portion on the third assembled block member 23 side. The 3rd assembly block material 23 has the convex part 23a in the edge part by the side of the 2nd assembly block material 22, and the edge part by the side of the 4th assembly block material 24 has step shape. The fourth assembled block member 24 has a recess 24b at the end portion on the first assembled block member 21 side, and the end portion on the third assembled block member 23 side is stepped.

And the convex part 21a of the 1st assembly block material 21 can be fitted in the recessed part 24b of the 4th assembly block material 24, and the convex part 22a of the 2nd assembly block material 22 is the 1st assembly block material 21. The convex portion 23 a of the third assembled block member 23 can be fitted into the concave portion 22 b of the second assembled block member 22. In addition, it is preferable that these mutual fitting relationships are interference fits.
Further, the stepped end portion of the third assembled block member 23 and the stepped end portion of the fourth assembled block member 24 are in opposite directions, and the shapes are matched by bringing them into contact with each other. ing.

Therefore, in the refractory structure A, the stepped end of the third assembled block member 23 and the stepped end of the fourth assembled block member 24 are brought into contact with each other, and the assembled block members 21, 22 and 22 are brought into contact with each other. By fitting the protrusions 23 and 24 corresponding to each other into the recesses, a hollow square pillar-covered building material portion 2 </ b> A is formed outside the support wood portion 1.
Thus, since the covering building material part 2A connects the assembled block members 21, 22, 23, and 24 using the convex part and the concave part, the connection is strengthened without coming off at random. be able to.
Moreover, when fitting a convex part and a recessed part, and when contacting step-shaped edge parts, you may provide an adhesive agent and stop both with fixing tools, such as a screw and a nail. Also good. In this case, both can be more firmly connected. In addition, when not using an adhesive agent or not using a fixing tool, it becomes possible to perform attachment or detachment of assembled block materials easily.

Each of the assembled block members 21, 22, 23, and 24 is formed by bonding a plurality of small piece plate-like bodies to each other. Thereby, 2 A of covering building material parts can be made into sufficient intensity | strength.
Here, as the small piece plate-like body, wood (solid material), synthetic wood, non-combustible wood, single plate laminated material (LVL), plywood, plate-like laminated material, and the like are preferably used.
Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness H2 of a small piece plate-shaped body is 5 mm-50 mm from a viewpoint of the ease of handling and the ease of making.

Each of the assembled block members 21, 22, 23, and 24 forms a corner portion of the first laminated body in which the surfaces are bonded so that one ends of the small plate-like bodies having different lengths in the width direction are aligned. ) The first laminate is bonded to the end of the small piece plate-like body at a right angle, and the two laminated bodies are bonded to each other so that the ends of the small piece plate-like bodies having different lengths in the width direction are aligned. It adheres so that it may become a right angle to the side surface, and is obtained by adhere | attaching surfaces on the small plate-shaped body which forms a corner | angular part.
In the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment, three small piece plate-like bodies are laminated as the first laminated body, and two small piece plate-like bodies are laminated as the second laminated body. ing.

Thus, in the laminated block materials 21, 22, 23, and 24 that constitute the coated building material portion 2A, the small plate-like bodies having different lengths in the width direction are used, so that the end portion of the laminated block material can be easily formed. It can be stepped.
Therefore, by projecting the small piece plate-like body at the center, a convex portion can be formed at the end portion of the assembled block material, and conversely, by projecting the front and rear small piece plate-like bodies, the end portion of the assembled block material A recess can be formed on the surface.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a state in which the convex portion of one assembled block member is fitted into the concave portion of the other assembled block member in the refractory structure according to the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the covering building material part 2 </ b> A, the convex part extending in the vertical direction formed by projecting the small piece plate-like body at the center of one of the assembled block members is arranged before and after the other assembled block member. The assembled block materials are connected to each other by strongly pressing and fitting into a vertically extending recess formed by projecting the small plate-like body. Thereby, the assembly block materials 21, 22, 23, and 24 can be firmly connected.
At this time, the small plate-like body forming the convex portion is preferably provided with roundness at the corners on both sides of the convex portion in order to easily fit the concave portion. In addition, what is necessary is just to provide this roundness previously in the small piece plate-shaped body which forms a convex part, when producing a laminated block material.
Further, at this time, the assembled block materials can be more firmly connected to each other by using an adhesive at the connecting portion, and the assembled block materials can be easily disassembled by not using the adhesive. . Similarly, the assembled block materials can be more firmly connected to each other by fastening the connecting portions with screws, nails, or other fixtures, and the assembled block materials can be easily disassembled without using the fixtures. Is possible.

  In the refractory structure A, as described above, the covered building material portion 2A is formed by connecting a plurality of assembled block materials 21, 22, 23, 24, thereby attaching the covered building material portion 2A to the support wood portion 1. Can be easily performed. That is, by connecting the laminated block members 21, 22, 23, and 24 to each other, the covered building material portion 2A can be easily attached to the outside of the supporting wood portion 1, and conversely, the laminated block members 21, 22, 23, By disassembling 24, the covering building material part 2A can be easily removed.

Returning to (a) and (b) of FIG. 1, in the refractory structure A, it is preferable that the shortest distance H3 between the support wood portion 1 and the covering building material portion 2A in the space S is 1 mm to 20 mm. In addition, if the shortest distance H3 between the support wood portion 1 and the covering building material portion 2A is within this range, it is not necessarily constant in all the spaces S.
When the shortest distance H3 between the support wood portion 1 and the covering building material portion 2A in the space S is less than 1 mm, there is a drawback that heat is easily transferred as compared to the case where the shortest distance H3 is within the above range. When the shortest distance H3 between the support wood part 1 and the covering building material part 2A in the space S exceeds 20 mm, compared to the case where the shortest distance H3 is within the above range, it is caused by the flow of air in a certain direction in the space S. Convection of heat may occur. When convection occurs, naturally, heat is easily conducted.

  In the refractory structure A, as described above, the spacer 3 is provided in the space S between the support wood portion 1 and the covered building material portion 2A. That is, the spacer 3 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion 1 or the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion 2A, and depending on the thickness of the spacer 3, the space between the supporting wood portion 1 and the covered building material portion 2A is increased. Space S is secured. In addition, the spacer 3 is attached to at least four corners with respect to the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion 1 or the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion 2A.

Here, the thickness of the attached spacer 3 corresponds to the shortest distance H3 between the support wood portion 1 and the covering building material portion 2A described above.
The spacer 3 is preferably 10 mm to 100 mm in length and 10 mm to 100 mm in width.

In the refractory structure A, the ratio of the volume of the spacer 3 to the volume of the space S between the support wood part 1 and the covered building material part 2A is preferably 50% or less.
When the proportion of the spacer 3 exceeds 50%, the proportion of the space S becomes insufficient compared to the case where the proportion of the spacer 3 is within the above range, and thus the above-described heat transfer suppression effect is sufficiently obtained. It may not be possible.

In the refractory structure A, it is preferable that the shortest distance H4 from the side end portion 1A of the support wood portion 1 to the spacer 3 is 30 mm or more. In addition, a side edge part means the corner | angular part which side surfaces contact | connect in the circumference | surroundings of the support wood part 1. FIG.
When the shortest distance H4 from the side end portion 1A of the supporting wood portion 1 to the spacer 3 is less than 30 mm, the spacer 3 itself may be adversely affected by a fire as compared with the case where the shortest distance H4 is within the above range. is there.
Incidentally, when the refractory structure A receives heat from a fire, for example, the portion of the surface that is not the lower left side end portion 1A of the supporting wood portion 1 shown in FIG. The side end 1A is heated from multiple directions (arrow E1 and arrow E2) while being heated from E2).

In the refractory structure A, the distance H5 between the upper spacer 3 and the lower spacer 3 among the adjacent spacers 3 is preferably 100 cm or less.
When the distance H5 between the upper spacer and the lower spacer exceeds 100 cm, compared to the case where the distance H5 is within the above range, when the coated building material part 2A repeats moisture absorption and drying over a long period of time, Distortion may occur.

Here, the spacer 3 has a flat plate shape, and examples of the material thereof include inorganic materials such as gypsum board and calcium silicate plate, plywood, veneer laminate (LVL), wood-based materials such as lumber, glass wool, and the like. Incombustible fiber materials such as rock wool and cellulose fibers, and foamed resin materials such as polystyrene foam, rigid urethane foam, and phenol foam are preferably used.
Among these, the spacer 3 is preferably a wood-based material, a non-combustible fiber-based material, or a foamed resin-based material from the viewpoint that it is difficult to transfer heat and is so-called highly heat insulating. In particular, it is preferable to select a material having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / (m · K) or less for the spacer 3. In this case, even if the covered building material part 2A is heated by a fire or the like, heat transfer to the support wood part 1 can be reliably suppressed.
In addition, the spacer 3 is preferably an inorganic material or a non-combustible fiber-based material from the viewpoint that it is non-combustible itself.

In the fireproof structure A according to the first embodiment, the space S can be secured by the thickness of the spacer 3, and further, the width of the space S can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the spacer 3. . Thereby, according to the environment to be used, the heat transfer inhibitory effect and the easy separation effect of the covered building material part 2A can be adjusted.
Further, as described above, the refractory structure A can exhibit both the heat transfer suppression effect, the easy separation effect, and the wobble displacement prevention effect.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the refractory structure according to the present invention will be described. Note that a description of items that are the same as those described above is omitted.
The refractory structure B according to the second embodiment is an example in the case of being used as a pillar, like the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment described above.
The refractory structure B includes a support wood portion 1 that is a wood for supporting a load, and a covering building material portion 2B disposed outside the support wood portion 1 so that the periphery of the support wood portion 1 is not exposed. And a plurality of spacers 3 provided between the outer peripheral surface of the support wood portion 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion 2B. That is, in the refractory structure B, the covered building material portion 2B surrounds the supporting wood portion 1 in the horizontal direction, and a space S is provided between the supporting wood portion 1 and the covered building material portion 2B. The spacer 3 is provided in the space S.
Therefore, the refractory structure B according to the second embodiment is the same as the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment except that the structure of the covered building material part 2B is different.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the supporting wood portion and the assembled block material of the covered building material portion disassembled in the second embodiment using the refractory structure according to the present invention as a pillar.
As shown in FIG. 4, the covering building material part 2B in the refractory structure B according to the second embodiment includes four L-shaped assembled block members 21, 22, 23, 25 having corners, and these assembled blocks. It can be divided into linear assembled block materials (hereinafter referred to as “auxiliary assembled block materials”) 31, 32, 33, 34 for connecting the materials. That is, the hollow square pillar-shaped covered building material part 2 </ b> B can be separated at two places on each side surface of the support wood part 1.
For the sake of convenience, the lower left assembled block member shown in FIG. 4 is the first assembled block member 21, the upper left assembled block member is the second assembled block member 22, the upper right assembled block member is the third assembled block member 23, The lower right assembly block material is the fifth assembly block member 25, the lower auxiliary assembly block member is the first auxiliary assembly block member 31, the left auxiliary assembly block member is the second auxiliary assembly block member 32, and the upper auxiliary assembly block member. The material is also referred to as a third auxiliary assembly block member 33, and the right auxiliary assembly block member is also referred to as a fourth auxiliary assembly block member 34.

  In the covering building material portion 2B, the first assembled block material 21 has a convex portion 21a at the end portion on the first auxiliary assembled block material 31 side, and a concave portion 21b at the end portion on the second auxiliary assembled block material 32 side. ing. The second assembled block member 22 has a convex portion 22a at an end portion on the second auxiliary assembled block member 32 side, and a concave portion 22b at an end portion on the third auxiliary assembled block member 33 side. The third assembled block member 23 has a convex portion 23a at the end portion on the third auxiliary assembled block member 33 side, and the end portion on the fourth auxiliary assembled block member 34 side is stepped. The fifth assembled block member 25 has a convex portion 25a at an end portion on the fourth auxiliary assembled block member 34 side, and a concave portion 25b at an end portion on the first auxiliary assembled block member 31 side. The first auxiliary assembly block member 31 has a convex portion 31a at an end portion on the fifth assembly block member 25 side, and a recess portion 31b at an end portion on the first assembly block member 21 side. The second auxiliary assembly block member 32 has a convex portion 32a at the end portion on the first assembly block member 21 side, and a recess portion 32b at the end portion on the second assembly block member 22 side. The third auxiliary assembly block member 33 has a protrusion 33a at the end on the second assembly block member 22 side, and a recess 33b at the end on the third assembly block member 23 side. The 4th auxiliary | assistant assembly block material 34 has the recessed part 34b in the edge part by the side of the 5th assembly block material 25, and the edge part by the side of the 3rd assembly block material 33 is stepped.

And the convex part 31a of the 1st assembly block material 31 can be fitted in the recessed part 25b of the 5th assembly block material 25, and the convex part 21a of the 1st assembly block material 21 is a 1st auxiliary | assistant assembly block. The protrusion 31a of the second auxiliary assembly block member 32 can be fitted into the recess 21b of the first assembly block member 21 and can be fitted into the recess 31b of the member 31. The convex portion 22 a of the second auxiliary assembly block member 32 can be fitted into the concave portion 32 b of the second auxiliary assembly block member 32, and the convex portion 33 a of the third auxiliary assembly block member 33 is fitted into the concave portion 22 b of the second assembly block member 22. The protrusions 23 a of the third assembled block member 23 can be fitted into the recesses 33 b of the third auxiliary assembled block member 33. In addition, it is preferable that these mutual fitting relationships are interference fits.
Further, the stepped end of the third assembled block member 23 and the stepped end of the fourth auxiliary assembled block member 34 are in opposite directions so that the shapes match by bringing them into contact with each other. It has become.

Accordingly, the refractory structure B has the same effect as the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment, and the coated building material part 2B is more finely divided than the refractory structure A according to the first embodiment. Since the assembled block material itself can be reduced in weight, it can be constructed relatively easily.
Moreover, the covering building material part 2B can be made to respond | correspond suitably with the size of the support wood part 1 by changing the length of the width direction of an auxiliary | assistant assembly block material.

Each of the assembled block members 21, 22, 23, and 25 and the auxiliary assembled block members 31, 32, 33, and 34 are bonded to each other in the same manner as the assembled block member according to the first embodiment. It consists of things. In addition, in the refractory structure B according to the second embodiment, three small pieces of plate-like bodies are laminated to form an auxiliary assembly block material.
Thereby, the covering building material part 2B can have sufficient strength.

Each auxiliary | assistant assembly block material 31,32,33,34 is obtained by adhere | attaching the surfaces of a small piece plate-shaped body.
Moreover, a convex part can be formed by projecting the small piece plate-like body at the center, and a concave portion can be formed by projecting the front and rear small piece plate-like bodies.
Furthermore, the edge part of an auxiliary | assistant assembly block material can be easily made into step shape by using the small piece plate-shaped body from which the length of the width direction differs.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the refractory structure according to the present invention will be described. Note that a description of items that are the same as those described above is omitted.
FIG. 5 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a third embodiment using the refractory structure according to the present invention as a beam.
As shown in FIG. 5, the refractory structure C according to the third embodiment is an example when used as a beam.
The refractory structure C includes a support wood portion 1 that is wood for supporting a load, and a covered building material portion that is disposed outside the periphery of the support wood portion 1 so that the periphery of the support wood portion 1 is not exposed. 2C and a plurality of spacers 3 provided between the outer peripheral surface of the supporting wood portion 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion 2C. That is, in the refractory structure C, the covered building material portion 2C covers the side surface and the lower surface of the support wood portion 1, and a space S is provided between the support wood portion 1 and the covered building material portion 2C. A spacer 3 is provided in the space S.
In addition, in the refractory structure C, the covering building material part 2C is not provided on the upper surface and the left and right end surfaces of the support wood part 1, but when the refractory structure C is used as a beam, the upper surface is a floor (slab) F or the like. Because it is joined with other building materials and the left and right end faces are joined with other building materials such as beams (beams), columns or walls, the upper surface and left and right end faces of the support wood part 1 should not be exposed as a result. become.

In the refractory structure C, since the covering building material part 2C is disposed outside the support wood part 1, the support wood part 1 is not affected by the outside.
Moreover, in the refractory structure C, since the space S is provided between the support wood part 1 and the covered building material part 2C, even if the outside of the covered building material part 2C is heated in the event of a fire, the heat Can be prevented from being blocked by the space S and transmitted to the support wood portion 1 (heat transfer suppression effect). As a result, it is possible to prevent the support wood portion 1 from being burnt or ignited.
Moreover, in the refractory structure C, by using the space S, the covered building material part 2C can be easily detached from the support wood part 1 (easily detached effect). For example, when the covered building material part 2C receives a fire or is damaged by an impact from the outside, the damaged covered building material part 2C can be removed and another covered building material part can be easily attached to the supporting wood part 1. .
In addition, since the covering building material part 2C is supported by the support wood part 1 through the plurality of spacers 3 provided in the space S, it is unstable with respect to the support wood part 1 and prevents the wobble and displacement. (To prevent wobbling displacement).

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the refractory structure according to the present invention will be described. Note that a description of items that are the same as those described above is omitted.
FIG. 6 is a partially transparent perspective view showing a fourth embodiment in which the fireproof structure according to the present invention is used as a wall.
As shown in FIG. 6, the refractory structure D according to the third embodiment is an example when used as a wall.
The refractory structure D includes a support wood portion 1 that is wood for supporting a load, and a covering building material portion 2D that is disposed outside the support wood portion 1 so that the periphery of the support wood portion 1 is not exposed. And a plurality of spacers 3 provided between the outer peripheral surface of the support wood portion 1 and the inner peripheral surface of the covering building material portion 2D. That is, the refractory structure D is configured such that the covered building material portion 2D covers the side surface of the support wood portion 1, and the space S is provided between the support wood portion 1 and the cover building material portion 2D. The spacer 3 is provided in the space S.
In the refractory structure D, the upper and lower surfaces and the left and right end surfaces of the support wood portion 1 are not provided with the covering building material portion 2D. However, when the refractory structure D is used as a wall, the upper and lower surfaces are either beams or Since it joins with other building materials, such as a floor (slab), and right and left end surfaces are joined with other building materials, such as a pillar or a wall, as a result, the upper surface, lower surface, and right and left end surfaces of support wood part 1 are not exposed. It will be.

In the refractory structure D, since the covering building material part 2D is disposed outside the support wood part 1, the support wood part 1 is not affected by the outside.
Moreover, in the fireproof structure D, since the space S is provided between the support wood part 1 and the covering building material part 2D, even if the outside of the covering building material part 2D is heated in the event of a fire, the heat Can be prevented from being blocked by the space S and transmitted to the support wood portion 1 (heat transfer suppression effect). As a result, it is possible to prevent the support wood portion 1 from being burnt or ignited.
Moreover, in the fireproof structure D, by using the space S, the covered building material part 2D can be easily detached from the support wood part 1 (easily detached effect). For example, when the covered building material portion 2D receives a fire or is damaged by an impact from the outside, the damaged covered building material portion 2D can be removed and another covered building material portion can be easily attached to the supporting wood portion 1. .
In addition, since the covering building material part 2D is supported by the supporting wood part 1 through the plurality of spacers 3 provided in the space S, the covering building material part 2D is unstable with respect to the supporting wood part 1 and prevents the wobbling displacement. (To prevent wobbling displacement).

  The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

In the refractory structures A to D according to the first to fourth embodiments, the support wood portion 1 is a quadrangular columnar wood, but is not limited to this as long as the load can be supported. That is, the supporting wood part 1 may be a polygonal columnar shape such as a triangular columnar shape, a pentagonal columnar shape, a hexagonal columnar shape, or a cylindrical shape.
Moreover, in the refractory structures A and B according to the first and second embodiments, the covered building material portion has a hollow quadrangular prism shape having a quadrangular columnar hollow portion, but the periphery of the support wood portion 1 is not exposed. If it can arrange | position in, the shape of a hollow part and the external appearance of a covering building material part are not limited to this.
Therefore, as long as the space S can be secured between the support wood portion and the covered building material portion, the appearance shape of the support wood portion 1 and the shape of the hollow portion do not necessarily have to coincide with each other.

Although the refractory structures A to D according to the first to fourth embodiments include the spacer 3, it is not always essential. That is, in the refractory structures A to D, even if the spacer 3 is not provided, by providing the space S, it is possible to exert a heat transfer suppression effect and an easy separation effect.
Moreover, in the refractory structures A to D according to the first to fourth embodiments, the spacer 3 has a flat plate shape, but may be a cube.

  In the refractory structures A to D according to the first to fourth embodiments, a solid material is adopted as the supporting wood portion 1, but it is made of plywood, a single plate laminated material (LVL), a laminated material, and the like. May be.

In the refractory structures A to C according to the first to third embodiments, the heat shielding film 5 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support wood portion 1 or the inner peripheral surfaces of the covering building material portions 2A, 2B, and 2C. Also good.
Moreover, in the fireproof structure D which concerns on 4th Embodiment, the thermal barrier film 5 may be provided in the side surface of the support wood part 1, or the side surface of covering covering material part 2D.
(A) of FIG. 7 shows the example at the time of providing the thermal-insulation film in the outer peripheral surface of a support wood part in the refractory structure which concerns on other embodiment, (b) is the refractory which concerns on other embodiment. In a structure, it is a horizontal sectional view showing an example at the time of providing a thermal barrier film on the inner peripheral surface of a covering building material part.
As shown to (a) of FIG. 7, the thermal-insulation film | membrane 5 may be provided in the outer peripheral surface of the support wood part 1. As shown in FIG. In this case, even if heat is applied to the covering building material part 2E, the heat shielding film 5 highly reflects the heat and shields it, so that the heat is prevented from being transmitted to the support wood part 1. can do. As a result, it is possible to further suppress the support wood portion 1 from being heated.
Moreover, as shown to (b) of FIG. 7, the thermal-insulation film | membrane 5 may be provided in the internal peripheral surface of the covering building material part 2F. In this case, even if heat is applied to the coated building material part 2F, the heat shield film 5 shields heat with low radiation, so that the heat is prevented from being transmitted to the support wood part 1. it can. As a result, it is possible to further suppress the support wood portion 1 from being heated.
Examples of the heat shielding film 5 include a film formed of a heat shielding paint, an aluminum foil, a tin foil, and the like.

In the refractory structures A and B according to the first and second embodiments, the covered building material portion is formed by connecting a plurality of assembled block materials to each other, but is not limited thereto.
For example, as the covering building material part, in addition to the aggregated block material, wood, synthetic wood, non-combustible wood, single board laminated material (LVL), medium density fiberboard (MDF), particle board, wood wool cement board, etc. Material, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, flexible board, cement board and other inorganic board materials, phenol foam insulation board, non-combustible heat-insulated molded board such as calcium carbonate foam, rock wool, glass wool, ceramic fiber etc. Matte non-combustible fiber materials, ALC panels, extruded cement plates, cement-based materials such as concrete blocks, flame-retardant heat-insulating molded plates such as polystyrene foam and rigid urethane foam, or composite materials of these materials It may be adopted.

(A)-(c) of FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view which shows the example which used the gypsum board instead of the laminated block material as a covering building material part in the fireproof structure which concerns on other embodiment.
The covered building material portion 2G shown in FIG. 8A is prepared by preparing two bonded gypsum board blocks and fitting the concave and convex portions at two locations, and FIG. The covering building material part 2H shown in FIG. 3 is prepared by preparing three bonded gypsum board blocks, fitting the concave part and the convex part at two places, and contacting the stepped end parts at one place. Yes, the coated building material part 2I shown in FIG. 8 (c) prepares four bonded gypsum board blocks, fits the concave part and the convex part at three places, and makes the stepped end parts 1 It is made to contact | abut at a location. Thus, the covering building material part may be formed by connecting a plurality of block-shaped gypsum boards.

In the refractory structures A and B according to the first and second embodiments, the assembled block material is formed by bonding a plurality of small plate bodies to each other, but the number of the small plate bodies to be bonded is There is no particular limitation.
Also, at this time, the small plate-like body having a different length in the width direction is adopted, but the same length in the width direction may be included, and the same length in the width direction is used. May be.

In the refractory structures A and B according to the first and second embodiments, the side surfaces of the end portions of the assembled block material are provided with concave portions, convex portions, stepped portions, etc. for mutual connection, Not necessarily required.
FIGS. 9A to 9C are horizontal views showing an example in which a solid material is used instead of a laminated block material as a covering building material portion in a refractory structure according to another embodiment, and the shape of the end portion of the joint portion is different. It is sectional drawing.
As shown in (a) to (c) of FIG. 9, in the fireproof structure, the side surfaces of the end portions of the solid material are inclined planes when viewed from above, and these surfaces are bonded to each other, It is also possible to connect. The inclined plane of one solid material and the inclined plane of the other solid material are brought into contact with each other so that the shapes match each other.
That is, the covered building material portion 2J shown in FIG. 9A is prepared by preparing two bonded solid material blocks and bringing the inclined planes into contact with each other at two locations. The covered building material part 2K shown in FIG. 9 is prepared by preparing three bonded solid material blocks and bringing the inclined planes into contact with each other at three locations. The covered building material part 2L shown in FIG. Is prepared by bonding three solid materials and one solid material, and contacting the inclined planes at four locations.

In the present specification, non-combustible wood is obtained by imparting a non-combustible component to wood.
Examples of such incombustible components include boron compounds such as boric acid, sodium borate, potassium borate, and ammonium borate, phosphate compounds such as ammonium phosphate and guanidine phosphate, halogen compounds such as nitrogen compounds and ammonium bromide, silicon Compounds and the like.
Further, for example, it is possible to employ the treatment liquid described in Japanese Patent No. 3485914.

The fireproof structure according to the present invention is suitably used as a building material that is a framework of a building, that is, a column, a beam, a wall, a foundation or the like.
According to the fireproof structure according to the present invention, the fired structure is excellent in fire resistance, the heat transferability to the supporting wood part is extremely low, and even if the covered building material part is damaged by a fire or the like, the damaged covered building material The part can be easily removed, and further, another covered building material part can be attached to the supporting wood part relatively easily.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Supporting wood part 1A ... Side edge part 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H, 2I, 2J, 2K, 2L ... Covered building material part 21 ... 1st assembly Block material (gathered block material)
21a, 22a, 23a, 25a, 31a, 32a, 33a ... convex part 21b, 22b, 24b, 25b, 31b, 32b, 33b, 34b ... concave part 22 ... second assembled block material (assembled block material) )
23 ... Third assembled block material (assembled block material)
24 ... Fourth assembled block material (assembled block material)
25 ... Fifth assembled block material (assembled block material)
3 ... Spacer 31 ... 1st auxiliary assembly block material (assembly block material)
32 ... 2nd auxiliary assembly block material (assembly block material)
33 ... Third auxiliary assembly block material (assembly block material)
34 ... 4th auxiliary assembled block material (assembled block material)
5 ... Thermal barrier film A, B, C, D ... Refractory structure H1, H2 ... Thickness H3 ... Width H4 ... Shortest distance H5 ... Distance S ... Space

Claims (11)

A fireproof structure used as a building material,
A supporting wood part for supporting the load;
A coated building material portion disposed outside the support wood portion so that the periphery of the support wood portion is not exposed;
With
A fireproof structure in which a space is provided between the support wood portion and the covered building material portion.   The refractory structure according to claim 1, wherein a shortest distance between the support wood portion and the coated building material portion in the space is 1 mm to 20 mm. A plurality of spacers provided between the outer peripheral surface of the support wood portion and the inner peripheral surface of the coated building material portion;
The fireproof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the space is based on a thickness of the spacer.   The refractory structure according to claim 3, wherein a ratio of the spacer to the volume of the space is 50% or less.   The fireproof structure according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a distance between an upper spacer and a lower spacer among the adjacent spacers is 100 cm or less. The support wood part is a polygonal column having side end parts,
The fireproof structure according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a shortest distance from the side end portion to the spacer is 30 mm or more.   The fireproof structure according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the spacer has a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W / (m · K) or less.   The fireproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the covering building material part is formed by connecting a plurality of assembled block materials to each other. The assembled block material has a convex part or a concave part,
The fireproof structure according to claim 8, wherein the convex portion of one of the assembled block members is fitted into the concave portion of the other assembled block member.   The fireproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a heat-shielding film is provided on an outer peripheral surface of the support wood portion or an inner peripheral surface of the covered building material portion.   The fireproof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, which is used as a column, a beam, or a wall.

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