JP2017186751A - Architectural structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a door to be opened even if water pressure is applied on the door and allow a person to escape from an opening that was blocked by the door.SOLUTION: An architectural structure has an opening 3A for entering or exiting, which is formed on a wall 3 of a room 1, and a door 4, which is openably and closably installed in the opening 3A. A low strength part 6 that can be broken is formed at a part corresponding to the height of a lower part of the door 4 on at least one of the door 4 and an adjacent wall part of the wall 3, which is adjacent to the door 4. The low strength part 6 separates between an indoor space Vi and an outdoor space Vo so as not to communicate with each other in an unbroken state, and makes the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo communicate with each other in a broken state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a building provided with an opening for entering and exiting provided in a wall of a room and a door provided in the opening so as to be openable and closable.

  When the water level on the outdoor space side across the door becomes high during flood damage such as heavy rain or typhoon, the water pressure acts on the door. Along with this, there is a possibility that a stopper such as a latch is pressed against the strike and cannot be slid, or it may be difficult to open the door due to the influence of water pressure acting on the door.

Conventionally, this type of building includes a door configured to be able to escape from a room in an emergency where the door cannot be opened due to water damage as described above (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Specifically, the door is provided with an inwardly opening auxiliary door above the depth that is generally easily submerged (the upper half of the door), and in an emergency, the auxiliary door is opened and the auxiliary opening is overcome. It was configured to be able to escape to the outdoor space side.
The auxiliary door is configured so that it can be locked to the door with a stopper.

JP 2001-234676 A (FIG. 2)

According to the above-mentioned conventional building, even when the door does not open due to water pressure, the stopper is unlocked and the auxiliary door is opened. For example, the door is climbed up to the auxiliary opening using a stepping platform, etc. You can escape by getting off.
However, muscular strength is required to climb up to the auxiliary opening in the upper half of the door and to descend to the outside of the door, and even in a flooded environment, it is difficult to see your feet and slip easily. Auxiliary doors are difficult to use for people with low motor skills.

  In addition, when the water level reaches the auxiliary door, the water pressure acts on the auxiliary door as a matter of course, so that the stopper cannot be removed by the action of the water pressure. There is also a risk that the door will not open.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a building that solves the above problems and can be opened even when water pressure is applied to the door, and can escape from the opening that was closed by the door.

A feature of the present invention is an opening for entering and exiting provided on the wall of the chamber,
A door provided in the opening so as to be openable and closable,
In at least one of the door and the adjacent wall portion adjacent to the door among the walls, a portion corresponding to the height of the lower portion of the door is provided with a breakable low-strength portion,
The low-strength portion divides the indoor space and the outdoor space in a non-communication state in a non-destructive state, and communicates the indoor space and the outdoor space in a destructive state.

  According to the present invention, at least one of the door and the adjacent wall portion is provided with a breakable low-strength portion at a portion corresponding to the height of the lower portion of the door. If the strength portion is kept in a non-destructive state, the blocking property as a door can be secured, and the indoor space and the outdoor space can be partitioned in a non-communication state. Moreover, indoor space and outdoor space can be connected by destroying a low intensity | strength part.

Therefore, on a daily basis, keeping the low-strength part in a non-destructive state can exhibit the blocking performance as a door, but if the water pressure acts on the door due to water damage etc., the low-strength part is By destroying, the indoor space and the outdoor space can be in communication.
Therefore, when the indoor space and the outdoor space communicate with each other and water flows and the water levels are in an equilibrium state, the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the door disappears (or is mitigated), and the door can be opened. It becomes possible.
In this way, when the door is opened, it is possible to escape by walking without getting over the auxiliary opening at a high position of the door as in the prior art, so that even a person with low exercise ability can easily use it.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that a partition portion capable of partitioning a door proximity region including the door and the low-strength portion in plan view in the indoor space from other regions of the indoor space is provided. It is.

According to this configuration, since the partition portion is provided, the water that has entered the indoor space from the low-strength portion that has been destroyed can be stored in the door proximity region and balanced with the water level in the outdoor space.
At that time, water can be collected by narrowing the area close to the door compared to the whole area of the indoor space, so that the water level rises quickly in the area close to the door, and the water pressure inside and outside the door can be quickly balanced. It becomes possible.
As a result, it is possible to shorten the time until the door can be opened and to quickly escape.

In the present invention, a communication path capable of communicating the location close to the door and the outdoor space in the indoor space,
It is preferable that a switching device capable of switching the communication path between a communication state and a non-communication state is provided.

According to this configuration, by switching the communication path from the non-communication state to the communication state by the switching device, the indoor space and the outdoor space can be communicated at a location close to the door.
Therefore, for example, when the low-strength part is in a broken state and the water level is balanced, the time to reach the equilibrium is further shortened, or when the destruction operation of the low-strength part does not progress, The water level can be balanced.

  In the present invention, it is preferable that a cover member that is indestructible and has fire prevention performance is provided on the indoor side of the low-strength portion so as to be freely opened and closed.

According to this configuration, since the cover member is provided, even if the low-strength portion is artificially destroyed from the outdoor side, the cover member cannot be destroyed, and daily crime prevention performance can be maintained. Become.
Moreover, since the cover member can exhibit fireproof performance, the fireproof performance as a door can be maintained by keeping the cover member closed.

  Furthermore, since the cover member is provided on the indoor side of the low-strength part so that it can be opened and closed, when water pressure acts on the door due to water damage, the water pressure is located on the outdoor side of the cover member. Can be received by the low-strength portion, and can be opened from the indoor side in a state where the influence of the water pressure does not reach the cover member. Therefore, the problem that the cover member does not open due to water pressure does not occur, and it is possible to shift to the destruction operation of the low-strength portion more reliably.

It is a top view which shows the principal part of a building. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of a building. It is a front view which shows the installation condition of a door. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the building at the time of flooding. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the building at the time of flooding. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the building at the time of flooding. It is a front view which shows the installation condition of the door of another embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the building of another embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a room 1 facing an underground passage 2 of a building which is an embodiment of the building of the present invention.
In addition, although the building demonstrated here has demonstrated and demonstrated the structure, such as reinforced concrete, for example, another structure may be sufficient and it does not specifically limit.

The chamber 1 is surrounded by a wall 3, and an opening 3 </ b> A for entering and exiting is formed in the wall 3 facing the underground passage 2.
The opening 3A is provided with a metal door 4 that can be opened and closed.

Although the underground passage 2 is not shown in the drawing, it communicates with the external space on the ground. For example, in the event of a flood that exceeds the drainage capacity of the drainage facility provided in the building, there is a risk of flooding. .
When the underground passage 2 is submerged, the water pressure corresponding to the submergence depth acts on the door 4 (see FIG. 4), so that the opening / closing operation becomes more difficult as the water pressure increases. The building according to the present invention is configured to be able to escape from the room 1 by opening the door 4 even under such circumstances.

In the embodiment, the door 4 is described by taking an example of a single door that opens outward.
As shown in FIG. 3, the door 4 has a rectangular door frame 4A fixed to the wall 3 and one vertical frame portion of a pair of left and right vertical frame portions of the door frame 4A. And a door main body 4B attached to be swingable around an axis.
The swinging and fixing operation of the door main body 4B with respect to the door frame 4A can be performed by an opening / closing mechanism 4C such as a door knob or a latch provided at the upper and lower central portions of the door main body 4B.

  As described above, when the door 4 is subjected to water pressure due to water immersion, as in the present embodiment, in the case of an outwardly opening door, the water pressure acting on the outer surface of the door body 4B is opened from the outer edge of the door body 4B to the door frame. Even if it is transmitted to 4A and the latch can be released, it becomes difficult to push the door body 4B to the outdoor space Vo side by the action of the pressing force by the water pressure. Further, as a reference example, in the case of an inwardly opening door, the pressing force due to water pressure is concentrated on the contact portion between the latch and the door frame 4A, and the release operation of the latch becomes difficult, so that the door body 4B is It becomes difficult to perform the opening operation toward the indoor space Vi side. As described above, the influence of the water pressure appears as a phenomenon that makes it difficult to open and close the door 4 of either the outward opening type or the inner opening type.

Further, in the lower half region (a portion corresponding to the height of the lower part of the door) K below the opening / closing mechanism 4C in the door main body 4B, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, an indoor space Vi and an outdoor space Vo are provided. A rectangular window portion 5 capable of communicating is formed.
The window portion 5 is provided with a plate-like tempered glass (an example of a low-strength portion) 6 in a closed state on the outdoor space Vo side within the door thickness. Further, an inner opening type metal cover member 7 is provided in an openable and closable state on the indoor space Vi side from the tempered glass 6 within the door thickness of the window portion 5. As the whole door, since the window part 5 can be obstruct | occluded with the metal cover member 7, a fire prevention door can be comprised.

  The tempered glass 6 of the window 5 has lower strength than the metal door body 4B, and partitions the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo in a non-communication state in the installed state (non-destructive state). Further, the tempered glass 6 is formed so as to be easily broken when hit with a hammer or the like, for example. That is, the tempered glass 6 is configured to withstand uniform water pressure over the entire surface, but to be broken when an impact or the like concentrated on one point acts. Therefore, if the tempered glass 6 is broken while the cover member 7 is opened, the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo can be communicated (see FIG. 5).

The tempered glass 6 can be destroyed from the outdoor space Vo side or the indoor space Vi side, but the cover member 7 can be opened only from the indoor space Vi side. 7 is provided so that it can be locked facing the indoor side.
Therefore, on a daily basis, while a third party can prevent an intruding action such as breaking the window 5 from the outdoor space Vo side and unlocking the door 4, From the indoor space Vi side, the cover member 7 is opened and the tempered glass 6 is broken to allow the water in the outdoor space Vo to flow into the indoor space Vi through the window 5 (FIG. 5, (See FIG. 6).

  Incidentally, it is preferable that a breaking tool such as a hammer for breaking the tempered glass 6 is always provided in the vicinity of the opening 3A. For example, if a destructive tool is detachably provided on the back surface of the cover member 7, the cover member 7 is not normally visible from the indoor side when the cover member 7 is in a closed state. If the cover member 7 is opened, it can be used immediately, and it is preferable that the cover member 7 is not lost. Of course, the location of the destruction tool is not limited to this.

If the water level of the indoor space Vi rises due to the breakage of the tempered glass 6, the water pressure difference acting on the indoor / outer surface of the door 4 decreases, so that the door can be opened with a small force and easily escapes through the door 4 to the outside. Become.
In addition, if the said tempered glass 6 uses a transparent thing, the inundation condition at the time of flooding can be visually confirmed through the tempered glass 6 from the indoor space Vi side.

Next, the situation in the vicinity of the opening 3A of the chamber 1 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the compartment 1 is provided with a partitioning portion 8, and in a plan view, includes a door proximity area 1 </ b> A including the door 4 and the vicinity thereof, and another area 1 </ b> B of the indoor space Vi. It is configured so that it can be partitioned. In the embodiment, the door proximity region 1A and the other region 1B are formed at the same level (or almost the same level).
The partition part 8 is comprised as a partition wall which stood up to the position of the neck of an adult male as an example. A part of the partitioning portion 8 is provided with a partitioning door 8A that can be switched between the door proximity region 1A and the other region 1B so as to be switched between an open state and a closed state.

When the tempered glass 6 is broken and the outside water flows into the room through the window 5 with the above-mentioned water immersion, the door proximity area 1A becomes a small water reservoir by closing the partition door 8A. The water level on the indoor side can be raised quickly.
Therefore, compared with the case where water flows into the entire area of the chamber 1, the difference in water level between the inside and outside of the door can be reduced in a short time, and as a result, the door 4 can be opened within an early period after being submerged. Quick escape is possible.

  In addition, the partition part 8 is not restricted to permanent installation, For example, it can also be set as an assembly type, and it can be installed and used as the partition part 8 when it responds to flooding. By doing so, the room can be widely used on a daily basis, and the above-described effects can be exhibited at the time of flooding.

〔Example〕
Incidentally, the position of the window portion 5 provided with the tempered glass 6 serving as a low-strength portion in the door 4 is the lower half region of the door 4 from the viewpoint that the water in the outdoor space Vo can easily flow into the indoor space Vi side. It is preferable that the portion corresponds to the height of the lower portion of the door 4.
Further, the position of the lower end portion of the window portion 5 is preferably 40 cm or less from the lower end portion of the door 4, and more preferably 30 cm or less.
These figures are based on experimental data described in the Kyoto University Disaster Prevention Research Institute Annual Report (No. 48B, April 2005) “Hydraulic Experiments on Evacuation from Underground Space Using Full-Scale Stairs and Door Models” The value is used as a reference. In the relevant literature, the depth of the front of the door, which is the evacuation limit, was 0.4 m for men and 0.3 m for women, which was the limit that could push the door open. It is shown.

[Another embodiment]
Other embodiments will be described below.

<1> The room 1 is not limited to the underground room described in the previous embodiment, and may be provided on the ground, for example. Further, the use is not particularly limited.
The outdoor space Vo is not limited to the underground passage, and may be a corridor, a staircase, a road, an adjacent room, or the like.

<2> The door 4 is not limited to the door with the outer opening described in the previous embodiment, and may be an door with an inner opening, for example. Moreover, it is not restricted to a single door, For example, a double door, a sliding door, a folding door, etc. may be sufficient and these are named generically and are called a door.

<3> The low-strength portion 6 is not limited to the tempered glass described in the previous embodiment, and may be made of synthetic resin, wood, high-strength paper, or the like. In short, it can be artificially destroyed, and in the non-destructive state, the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo are partitioned into a non-communication state, and in the destructive state, both spaces may be communicated. It is called a low strength part.
Incidentally, an example that can be artificially destroyed is not limited to destruction by a destruction tool such as a hammer described in the previous embodiment. For example, it is integrally formed in a state of protruding on the surface of the face material of the low-strength portion 6. The pin-shaped protrusions are formed on the base end part, or the pin-shaped protrusions are pushed in along the thickness direction of the low-strength part 6, so that Stress concentration may be caused in the pin-shaped protrusion mounting portion, and the low strength portion may be destroyed by the stress concentration.
Further, the shape of the low-strength portion 6 is not limited to the rectangular shape described in the previous embodiment, and can be appropriately changed.
Moreover, it replaces with providing in the door 4 and the low intensity | strength part 6 may be provided in the adjacent wall part 3B adjacent to the door 4 among the walls 3, as shown in FIG. Furthermore, the low-strength part 6 may be provided in accordance with the door 4.
However, when the low strength portion 6 is provided in the adjacent wall portion 3B and the partition portion 8 is provided, in order to guide water flowing into the indoor space Vi through the low strength portion 6 to the partition portion 8, It is necessary to form in the adjacent wall part 3B which faces the door proximity | contact area | region 1A in the division part 8. FIG. This is not the case when the partition 8 is not provided.

<4> The cover member 7 is not limited to the shape and structure described in the previous embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate. Moreover, not only in providing in the door 4, but as mentioned above, when providing the low strength part 6 in the adjacent wall part 3B, the cover member 7 is also in the indoor side of the low strength part 6 in the adjacent wall part 3B. They can be provided at overlapping positions.
Further, the structure of the cover member 7 can swing around the swing axis around the upper edge of the cover member 7 or swing around the swing axis along the lower edge of the cover member 7. A flexible structure, a structure that can swing around the swing axis along the side edge of the cover member 7, a structure that can slide along the cover surface of the cover member 7, and the cover member 7 as a target portion. On the other hand, the structure may be detachably attached.
Further, the cover member 7 itself can be omitted.

<5> As a structure for circulating the water in the outdoor space Vo into the indoor space Vi, as shown in FIG. 8, a communication pipe (communication path) capable of communicating the location close to the door 4 and the outdoor space Vo in the indoor space Vi. 9) and a valve (corresponding to a switching device) 10 capable of switching the communication pipe 9 between a communication state and a non-communication state.
According to this embodiment, the communication pipe 9 is provided at a position lower than the height of the lower part of the door 4. By operating the valve 10 in the closed state, the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo can be maintained in a non-communication state, and when it is desired to circulate water, the valve 10 may be opened. By performing the inflow of water through the communication pipe 9, in addition to the inflow of water due to the destruction of the low strength portion 6, the water is introduced into the indoor space Vi in a shorter time, and the water pressure inside and outside the door 4 is increased. The difference can be quickly reduced to escape.
Further, the positions of the communication passage 9 and the switching device 10 can be changed as appropriate, and are not limited to being embedded in the floor portion of the chamber 1, for example, provided in a penetrating state in the adjacent wall 3 </ b> B adjacent to the door 4. Alternatively, the door 4 itself may be provided in a penetrating state.

<6> The partition portion 8 is not limited to the shape and structure described in the previous embodiment. For example, the partition portion 8 may be configured as a wall that rises up to the ceiling.
Moreover, you may form in the height dimension about the height of the opening-and-closing mechanism 4C of the door 4.
Moreover, it is preferable to form in the height dimension more than the lower end part height of the low intensity | strength part 6. FIG.
In short, the partition section 8 does not include a step of the floor provided at the entrance, a sill, an uphill, a curbstone, or the like, and means a partition having a function of actively damming the flooded water. is there.
Furthermore, as described above, it may be an assembly type and removable.
It is also possible to omit the partition unit 8 itself.

  In addition, as mentioned above, although the code | symbol was written in order to make contrast with drawing convenient, this invention is not limited to the structure of an accompanying drawing by this entry. In addition, it goes without saying that the present invention can be carried out in various modes without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  The said invention can be utilized for the building where a door may become difficult to open and close by water immersion.

1 room 1A door proximity area 1B other area 3 wall 3A opening 3B adjacent wall 4 door 6 tempered glass (an example of low strength part)
7 Cover member 8 Partition 9 Communication path 10 Switching device Vi Indoor space Vo Outdoor space

Claims (4)

An access opening on the wall of the room,
A door provided in the opening so as to be openable and closable,
In at least one of the door and the adjacent wall portion adjacent to the door among the walls, a portion corresponding to the height of the lower portion of the door is provided with a breakable low-strength portion,
The low-strength part is a building that partitions an indoor space and an outdoor space in a non-destructive state and communicates the indoor space and the outdoor space in a destructive state.   The building according to claim 1, wherein a partition portion capable of partitioning a door proximity region including the door and the low-strength portion in a plan view of the indoor space from other regions of the indoor space is provided. object. A communication path that allows communication between the indoor space and the outdoor space;
The building according to claim 1, further comprising a switching device capable of switching the communication path between a communication state and a non-communication state.   The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a cover member that is indestructible and has fire prevention performance is provided in an openable and closable state on the indoor side of the low-strength portion.

Images