JP6832632B2 - Building - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a building provided with an entrance / exit opening provided in the wall of a room and a door provided in the opening so as to be openable / closable.

When the water level on the outdoor space side of the door rises during a flood such as a torrential rain or typhoon, the water pressure acts on the door. Along with this, a fastener such as a latch may be pressed against the strike and cannot be slid, or it may be difficult to open the door due to the influence of the water pressure acting on the door.

Conventionally, some buildings of this type are provided with a door configured to allow escape from the room in an emergency when the door cannot be opened due to the flood damage as described above (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Specifically, an auxiliary door that opens inward is provided above the depth (upper half of the door) that is generally easily flooded with respect to the door, and in an emergency, the auxiliary door is opened to overcome the auxiliary opening. It was configured so that it could escape to the outdoor space side.
The auxiliary door is configured so that it can be locked to the door with a fastener.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-234676 (Fig. 2)

According to the conventional building described above, even when the door cannot be opened by water pressure, the lock of the stopper is unlocked to open the auxiliary door, and for example, a stepping stone or the like is used to climb up to the auxiliary opening and pass through to the outside of the room. You can escape by getting off.
However, the act of climbing to the auxiliary opening in the upper half of the door and descending from there to the outside requires muscular strength, let alone in a flooded environment, it is difficult to see your feet and it is slippery. Auxiliary doors are difficult to use for people with low athletic ability.

In addition, when the water level reaches the auxiliary door, the water pressure naturally acts on the auxiliary door, so the action of the water pressure prevents the fasteners from coming off, and as a result, the auxiliary door is assisted. There is a risk that the door will not open.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a building that can be opened even if water pressure acts on the door and can escape from the opening closed by the door.

The features of the present invention are the opening for entry and exit provided on the wall of the room.
The opening is provided with a door that can be opened and closed.
At least one of the door and the adjacent wall portion of the wall adjacent to the door is provided with a destructible low-strength portion at a portion corresponding to the height of the lower part of the door.
In the non-destructive state, the low-strength portion divides the indoor space and the outdoor space into a non-communication state, and in the destructive state, the indoor space and the outdoor space are communicated with each other, and the indoor space is described in a plan view. A partition portion capable of partitioning the door proximity region including the door and the low-strength portion from another region of the indoor space is provided, and the compartment portion is the lower end of the low-strength portion as a whole. It has a height higher than the height of the part ,
A communication passage that can communicate between the indoor space near the door and the outdoor space,
A switching device capable of switching the communication passage between a communication state and a non-communication state is provided.
The passageway is buried in the floor portion .

According to the present invention, at least one of the door and the adjacent wall portion is provided with a destructible low-strength portion at a portion corresponding to the height of the lower portion of the door. If the strength portion is kept in a non-destructive state, the barrier property as a door can be ensured, and the indoor space and the outdoor space can be partitioned in a non-communication state. Further, by destroying the low-strength portion, the indoor space and the outdoor space can be communicated with each other.

Therefore, on a daily basis, by keeping the low-strength part in a non-destructive state, it is possible to exhibit the blocking performance as a door, but when water pressure acts on the door due to flood damage, etc., the low-strength part should be used. By destroying it, the indoor space and the outdoor space can be communicated with each other.
Therefore, if water flows through the communication between the indoor space and the outdoor space and the water levels of each other are in equilibrium, the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the door disappears (or is relaxed), so the door can be opened. It will be possible.
In this way, if the door is opened, it is possible to escape by walking without overcoming the auxiliary opening at a high position of the door as in the conventional case, so that even a person with low athletic ability can easily use it.
Moreover, according to the present invention, by switching the communication passage from the non-communication state to the communication state by the switching device, it is possible to communicate the indoor space and the outdoor space at a place near the door.
Therefore, for example, when the low-strength portion is put into a fractured state to equilibrate the water level, the time until equilibrium is further shortened, or when the fracture operation of the low-strength portion is not progressed, it serves as a substitute. It is possible to balance the water level.

In the present invention, it is preferable that a cover member that is indestructible and has fireproof performance is provided on the indoor side of the low-strength portion in a state that can be opened and closed.

According to this configuration, since the cover member is provided, even if the low-strength part is artificially destroyed from the outdoor side, the cover member cannot be destroyed, and it is possible to maintain daily crime prevention performance. Become.
Further, since the cover member can exhibit fireproof performance, the fireproof performance as a door can be maintained by keeping the cover member in the closed state.

Furthermore, since the cover member is provided on the indoor side of the low-strength part in a state where it can be opened and closed, when water pressure acts on the door due to flood damage, the water pressure is located on the outdoor side of the cover member. It can be received by the low-strength part, and can be opened from the indoor side in a state where the influence of water pressure does not reach the cover member. Therefore, the problem that the cover member does not open due to water pressure does not occur, and the operation of destroying the low-strength portion can be performed more reliably.

It is a top view which shows the main part of a building. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of a building. It is a front view which shows the installation state of a door. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of a building at the time of flooding. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of a building at the time of flooding. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of a building at the time of flooding. It is a front view which shows the installation state of the door of another embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the main part of the building of another embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show a room 1 facing an underground passage 2 of a building, which is an embodiment of the building of the present invention.
The building described here is described by taking, for example, a structure such as reinforced concrete as an example, but other structures may be used, and the structure is not particularly limited.

The chamber 1 is surrounded by a wall 3, and an opening 3A for entering and exiting is formed in the wall 3 facing the underground passage 2.
The opening 3A is provided with a metal door 4 that can be opened and closed.

Although not shown in the figure, the underground passage 2 communicates with the external space on the ground. For example, if flood damage occurs that exceeds the drainage capacity of the drainage facility provided in the building, there is a risk of flooding. ..
When the underground passage 2 is flooded, a water pressure corresponding to the flood depth acts on the door 4 (see FIG. 4), so that the larger the water pressure, the more difficult the opening / closing operation becomes. The building according to the present invention is configured so that the door 4 can be opened to escape from the room 1 even under such a situation.

In the embodiment, the door 4 is described by taking a single door that opens outward as an example.
As shown in FIG. 3, the door 4 is vertically connected to a rectangular door frame 4A fixed to the wall 3 and one of the pair of left and right vertical frame portions of the door frame 4A via a hinge. It is configured to include a door body 4B that is swingably attached around the axis.
The swinging and fixing operation of the door body 4B with respect to the door frame 4A can be performed by an opening / closing mechanism 4C such as a door knob or a latch provided in the upper and lower center portions of the door body 4B.

As described above, when the door 4 receives water pressure due to flooding, in the case of a door that opens outward as in the embodiment, the water pressure acting on the outer surface of the door body 4B is applied from the outer edge of the door body 4B to the door frame. Even if it is transmitted to 4A and the latch can be released, it becomes difficult to push the door body 4B open to the outdoor space Vo side due to the action of the pressing force due to the water pressure. Further, as a reference example, in the case of a door that opens inward, the pressing force due to water pressure acts intensively on the contact portion between the latch and the door frame 4A, which makes it difficult to release the latch and makes the door body 4B. It becomes difficult to open the room to the Vi side. As described above, the influence of water pressure appears as a phenomenon in which opening and closing of the door 4 of either the outward opening or the inward opening becomes difficult.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, an indoor space Vi and an outdoor space Vo are provided in the lower half region (the portion corresponding to the height of the lower part of the door) K below the opening / closing mechanism 4C in the door body 4B. A rectangular window portion 5 that can communicate with each other is formed.
The window portion 5 is provided with a plate-shaped tempered glass (an example of a low-strength portion) 6 fitted and killed on the outdoor space Vo side within the door thickness. Further, an inward opening type metal cover member 7 is provided on the Vi side of the indoor space Vi side of the tempered glass 6 within the door thickness of the window portion 5 so as to be openable and closable. Since the window portion 5 of the door as a whole can be closed by the metal cover member 7, a fire door can be configured.

The tempered glass 6 of the window portion 5 has a lower strength than the metal door body 4B, and in the installed state (non-destructive state), the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo are partitioned in a non-communication state. Further, the tempered glass 6 is formed so as to be easily broken when hit by, for example, a hammer or the like. That is, the tempered glass 6 is configured to withstand uniform water pressure over the entire surface, but to break when an impact or the like concentrated on one point acts. Therefore, if the tempered glass 6 is broken with the cover member 7 open, the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo can be communicated with each other (see FIG. 5).

The tempered glass 6 can be destroyed from either the outdoor space Vo side or the indoor space Vi side, but the cover member 7a is covered with the fastener 7a so that the opening operation of the cover member 7 can be performed only from the indoor space Vi side. It is provided so that it can be locked by facing the indoor side of No. 7.
Therefore, on a daily basis, a third party can prevent an intrusion such as destroying the window portion 5 from the outdoor space Vo side and unlocking the door 4, but in the case of the flood damage or the like, From the indoor space Vi side, the cover member 7 can be opened and the tempered glass 6 can be broken to allow the water in the outdoor space Vo to flow into the indoor space Vi through the window 5 (FIG. 5, FIG. (See FIG. 6).

Incidentally, it is preferable that a destructive tool such as a hammer for destroying the tempered glass 6 is always provided in the vicinity of the opening 3A. For example, if a destructive tool is detachably provided on the back surface of the cover member 7, the cover member 7 is normally in a closed state and cannot be seen from the indoor side, so that the aesthetic appearance is not impaired. , The cover member 7 can be used immediately after being opened, and is suitable without being lost. Of course, the location where the destructive tool is installed is not limited to this.

If the water level of the indoor space Vi rises due to the destruction of the tempered glass 6, the difference in water pressure acting on the indoor and outdoor surfaces of the door 4 decreases, so that the door can be opened with a small force and it is easy to escape to the outside through the door 4. Become.
If the tempered glass 6 is transparent, the inundation state at the time of flood can be visually confirmed from the indoor space Vi side through the tempered glass 6.

Next, the situation in the vicinity of the opening 3A of the chamber 1 will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the chamber 1 is provided with a partition portion 8, and in a plan view, a door proximity region 1A including the door 4 and its vicinity range and another region 1B of the interior space Vi are provided. It is configured so that it can be partitioned. In the embodiment, the door proximity region 1A and the other region 1B are formed at the same level (or substantially the same level).
As an example, the compartment 8 is configured as a partition wall that rises to the position of the neck of an adult male. A partition door 8A that can freely move between the door proximity region 1A and the other region 1B is provided in a part of the compartment 8 so as to be switchable between an open state and a closed state.

When the tempered glass 6 is destroyed and the outside water flows into the room from the window 5 due to the above-mentioned flooding, the partition door 8A is closed so that the door proximity area 1A becomes a small water reservoir. The water level inside the room can be raised quickly.
Therefore, the difference in water level between the inside and outside of the door can be reduced in a short time as compared with the case where water flows into the entire area of the room 1, and as a result, the door 4 can be opened within an early stage after flooding. , Allows quick escape.

The compartment 8 is not limited to the permanent installation. For example, the compartment 8 can be assembled and set up to be used as the compartment 8 when dealing with inundation. By doing so, the room can be widely used on a daily basis, and when flooded, the above-mentioned effects can be exhibited.

〔Example〕
By the way, the position of the window portion 5 provided with the tempered glass 6 which is the low-strength portion of the door 4 is the lower half region of the door 4 from the viewpoint that the inundation in the outdoor space Vo can easily flow into the indoor space Vi side. (A portion corresponding to the height of the lower part of the door 4) is preferable.
The position of the lower end of the window 5 is preferably 40 cm or less from the lower end of the door 4, and more preferably 30 cm or less.
These figures are based on the experimental data described in "Hydraulic Experiments on Evacuation from Underground Space Using Full-scale Stairs and Door Models" in the Annual Report of Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (No. 48B, April 2005). The value is used as a reference, and in the relevant document, the "water depth in front of the door, which is the evacuation limit," was 0.4 m for men and 0.3 m for women, which was the limit at which the door could be pushed open. It is shown.

[Another Embodiment]
Other embodiments will be described below.

<1> The room 1 is not limited to one underground room described in the above embodiment, and may be provided on the ground, for example. Moreover, the use is not particularly limited.
Further, the outdoor space Vo is not limited to the underground passage, but may be a corridor, stairs, a road, an adjacent room, or the like.

<2> The door 4 is not limited to the door that opens outward as described in the previous embodiment, and may be, for example, a door that opens inward. Further, the door is not limited to a single door, and may be, for example, a double door, a sliding door, a folding door, or the like, and these are collectively referred to as a door.

<3> The low-strength portion 6 is not limited to the tempered glass material described in the previous embodiment, and may be, for example, made of synthetic resin, wood, high-strength paper, or the like. In short, it can be artificially destroyed, and in the non-destructive state, the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo may be divided into a non-communication state, and in the destructive state, both spaces may be communicated with each other. It is called a low-strength part.
Incidentally, an example of artificial destruction is not limited to destruction by a destruction tool such as a hammer described in the previous embodiment, and for example, the low-strength portion 6 is integrated in a state of protruding from the surface of the face material. The low-strength portion 6 is provided with the pin-shaped protrusions formed in the low-strength portion 6 by swinging the pin-shaped protrusions around the base end portion or pushing the pin-shaped protrusions along the thickness direction of the low-strength portion 6. The pin-shaped projection mounting portion may be stress-concentrated, and the stress concentration may destroy the low-strength portion.
Further, the shape of the low-strength portion 6 is not limited to the rectangular shape described in the previous embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate.
Further, instead of providing the low-strength portion 6 on the door 4, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the low-strength portion 6 may be provided on the adjacent wall portion 3B adjacent to the door 4 in the wall 3. Further, the low-strength portion 6 may be provided in accordance with the door 4.
However, when the low-strength portion 6 is provided on the adjacent wall portion 3B and the partition portion 8 is provided, the water flowing into the indoor space Vi through the low-strength portion 6 is guided to the compartment portion 8. It is necessary to form the adjacent wall portion 3B facing the door proximity region 1A in the partition portion 8. This does not apply when the partition portion 8 is not provided.

<4> The cover member 7 is not limited to the shape and structure described in the previous embodiment, and can be changed as appropriate. Further, not limited to the door 4, when the low-strength portion 6 is provided on the adjacent wall portion 3B as described above, the cover member 7 is also provided on the indoor side of the low-strength portion 6 in the adjacent wall portion 3B. It can be provided at overlapping positions.
Further, the structure of the cover member 7 is a structure that can swing around the swinging shaft core along the upper edge portion of the cover member 7, and swings around the swinging shaft core along the lower edge portion of the cover member 7. A flexible structure, a structure that can swing around the swing axis along the side edge of the cover member 7, a structure that can slide along the cover surface of the cover member 7, and a cover member 7 as a target portion. On the other hand, the structure may be detachably attached.
It is also possible to omit the cover member 7 itself.

<5> As shown in FIG. 8, as a structure for circulating the inundation of the outdoor space Vo to the indoor space Vi, a communication pipe (communication passage) capable of communicating the part of the indoor space Vi near the door 4 and the outdoor space Vo. It is also possible to include (corresponding to) 9 and a valve (corresponding to a switching device) 10 capable of switching the communication pipe 9 between a communicating state and a non-communication state.
According to this embodiment, the communication pipe 9 is provided at a position lower than the height of the lower part of the door 4. By operating the valve 10 in the closed state, the indoor space Vi and the outdoor space Vo can be maintained in a non-communication state, and when water is desired to flow, the valve 10 may be opened. By carrying out the inflow of water through the communication pipe 9, in addition to the inflow of water due to the destruction of the low-strength portion 6, the water flows into the indoor space Vi side in a shorter time, and the water pressure inside and outside the door 4 The difference can be quickly reduced and led to an escape.
Further, the positions of the communication passage 9 and the switching device 10 can be changed as appropriate, and are not limited to being embedded in the floor portion of the room 1, but are provided, for example, in a penetrating state in the adjacent wall portion 3B adjacent to the door 4. Alternatively, the door 4 itself may be provided in a penetrating state.

<6> The partition portion 8 is not limited to the shape and structure described in the above embodiment, and may be configured as a wall rising up to the ceiling portion in terms of height, for example.
Further, the door 4 may be formed to have a height dimension of about the height of the opening / closing mechanism 4C.
Further, it is preferable that the low strength portion 6 is formed to have a height dimension equal to or higher than the height of the lower end portion.
In short, the section 8 does not include steps, thresholds, climbing stiles, curbs, etc. on the floor provided at the entrance, but means a section having a function of actively blocking inundation. is there.
Further, as described above, it may be an assembly type and removable.
It is also possible to omit the section 8 itself.

As described above, although the reference numerals are given for convenience of comparison with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the attached drawings. In addition, it goes without saying that it can be carried out in various aspects without departing from the gist of the present invention.

The present invention can be used for buildings in which the door may be difficult to open and close due to flooding.

1 room 1A door proximity area 1B other area 3 wall 3A opening 3B adjacent wall part 4 door 6 tempered glass (an example of low strength part)
7 Cover member 8 Section 9 consecutive passages 10 Switching device Vi Indoor space Vo Outdoor space

Claims (2)

An opening for entry and exit on the wall of the room,
The opening is provided with a door that can be opened and closed.
At least one of the door and the adjacent wall portion of the wall adjacent to the door is provided with a destructible low-strength portion at a portion corresponding to the height of the lower part of the door.
In the non-destructive state, the low-strength portion divides the indoor space and the outdoor space into a non-communication state, and in the destructive state, the indoor space and the outdoor space are communicated with each other.
A partition portion is provided that can partition the door proximity region including the door and the low-strength portion of the interior space from other regions of the interior space in a plan view.
The compartment has a height equal to or higher than the height of the lower end of the low-strength portion as a whole .
A communication passage that can communicate between the indoor space near the door and the outdoor space,
A switching device capable of switching the communication passage between a communication state and a non-communication state is provided.
The passageway is a building buried in the floor. The building according to claim 1, wherein a cover member that is indestructible and has fireproof performance is provided on the indoor side of the low-strength portion in a state that can be opened and closed.

Images