JP2017177230A - Five-axis control machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a five-axis control machine tool which not only can process various kinds of workpieces in terms of torque and rigidity but also has excellent performance as a blade process machine.SOLUTION: A five-axis control machine tool comprises: a rotor whose one end in an axial direction is pivotally supported on a bed 20 part so as to be rotatable about a second rotational operation shaft; and a pair of clamping members which are located at both ends of the rotor in a first rotational operation shaft direction and clamp a workpiece W from the first rotational operation shaft direction so as to be rotatable about a first rotational operation shaft. The pair of clamping members include: a first chuck for gripping the workpiece W and a first driver 12A for rotationally driving the first chuck which are provided on one side; and a second chuck for gripping the workpiece W and a second driver 12B for rotationally driving the second chuck which are provided on the other side. The workpiece W is gripped by the first and second chucks from both sides. The workpiece W is rotated by the first and second drivers 12A, 12B from both sides through the first and second chucks.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to a 5-axis control machine tool, for example, a 5-axis control machine tool used for blade machining.

  A machine tool such as a machining center that performs cutting on a workpiece (hereinafter referred to as “workpiece”) with a tool attached to the spindle by so-called five-axis control has become widespread. Here, the five axes are the three axes of the linear movement axes (X, Y, Z) that define the movement of the tool workpiece in the direction orthogonal to each other in the three-dimensional space, and the rotation of the workpiece itself with respect to the tool. These are the two rotation center axes (A, C) that define the turning of the workpiece. By controlling the operation with respect to such five axes, it is possible to process even parts having curved surfaces. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose such machine tools. Note that there is a configuration in which the tool side is physically swung by a swiveling operation between the tool and the workpiece.

  In addition, the present applicant has also proposed a 5-axis control machine tool that can effectively use the work space to increase the efficiency of the machining work process (see Patent Document 3).

JP 2003-266275 A JP 2007-219591 A JP 2014-094425 A

  In the standard 5-axis control machine tool described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, it is difficult to reduce the processing speed of special parts that are curved in a complicated manner, such as the blade shape of an aircraft engine. In order to cope with the machining of workpieces, the machine configuration is also complicated and large, and it is difficult to save space. On the other hand, in the 5-axis control machine tool described in Patent Document 3 described above, it is possible to save space and improve the efficiency of the machining operation process. However, not only general-purpose machining but also machining speed, torque, rigidity, etc. From this aspect, it is a machine tool that can effectively handle various types of workpieces, and the development of machine tools that can contribute to further space saving and lead time reduction of product processing is awaited.

  The present invention has been made for the above-mentioned circumstances, and the purpose thereof is not only for general-purpose machining, but also can effectively handle various types of workpieces in terms of machining speed, torque, rigidity, and the like. Another object is to provide a 5-axis control machine tool capable of further saving space and shortening the lead time for product processing. Another object of the present invention is to provide a 5-axis control machine tool having excellent performance as a blade processing machine.

  In order to achieve the above object, a 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention includes a machining area section and an application area section, and the machining area section rotates a workpiece about a first rotation operation axis and performs a first rotation operation thereof. First, second, and third rectilinearly moving while rotating the workpiece with respect to the bed portion with respect to a second rotational motion axis that is orthogonal to the axis, one of which is orthogonal to the second rotational motion axis in the same direction A 5-axis control machine tool that processes the workpiece with the tool while moving the tool three-dimensionally with respect to the bed portion with respect to the operation axis, so that the tool can rotate about the second rotation operation axis. One end in the axial direction is located at both ends of the rotating body pivotally supported by the bed portion and the first rotating operation axis direction of the rotating body, so that the workpiece can be rotated about the first rotating operation axis. In the first rotation operation A pair of clamping members for clamping from the direction, and the application area unit includes at least a dressing device for dressing the tool and a tank system for supplying coolant to a processing point of the workpiece by the tool. It is characterized by that.

  Here, in the preferred 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention, the pair of clamping members includes a first chuck for gripping the workpiece on one side, and a first driver for rotationally driving the first chuck. A second chuck for gripping the workpiece on the other side and a second driving body for rotationally driving the second chuck, and gripping the workpiece from both sides by the first and second chucks, It is desirable that the work is rotated from both sides by the first and second driving bodies via the first and second chucks.

  The preferred 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention can be used for machining blade products and cam grooves.

  According to the present invention, not only general-purpose machining but also various types of workpieces can be effectively handled from the viewpoint of machining speed, torque, rigidity, etc., and further space saving and lead time for product machining are possible. Shortening becomes possible. Moreover, the 5-axis control machine tool which has the outstanding performance as a blade processing machine can be provided.

It is a top view of a 5-axis control machine tool concerning an applicant's prior application. It is a front view of a 5-axis control machine tool concerning an applicant's previous application. It is a side view of a 5-axis control machine tool according to the prior application of the applicant. It is a perspective view which shows the detail of the structure which concerns on A-axis and C-axis operation | movement in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on an applicant's prior application. It is a top view which shows the layout structure of the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an enlarged plan view of the structure concerning the A-axis and C-axis operation in the 5-axis control machine tool according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a view showing one-side tailstock specifications. It is a perspective view centering on the process area | region part in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and is a figure which shows the tandem specification of the structure which concerns on an A-axis and C-axis operation | movement. It is a 1st figure for demonstrating the relative positional relationship on the operation | movement of a main axis | shaft and a workpiece | work in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a 2nd figure for demonstrating the relative positional relationship on the operation | movement of a main axis | shaft and a workpiece | work in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the predominance of the blade process by the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  First, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, a five-axis control machine tool described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-247075, which is the prior application of the present applicant, will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a plan view of the 5-axis control machine tool, FIG. 2 is a front view of the 5-axis control machine tool, FIG. 3 is a side view of the 5-axis control machine tool, and FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the detail of the structure which concerns on an axis | shaft and C-axis operation | movement. A 5-axis control machine tool 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 includes a bed 20 as a foundation, a Y-axis moving body (column) 30 that can slide in the Y-axis direction with respect to the bed 20, and a Y-axis thereof. An X-axis moving body 40 that can slide in the X-axis direction with respect to the moving body 30 and a Z-axis moving body 50 that can slide in the Z-axis direction with respect to the X-axis moving body 40 are provided. A main shaft 51 having an axis in the same direction as the Z axis is provided at the lower portion of the Z axis moving body 50, and a tool can be attached to the lower end of the main shaft 51. A tool attached to the spindle 51 can be rotated around the spindle by a spindle motor (not shown) built in the spindle 51. Here, the Y-axis moving body 30, the X-axis moving body 40, and the Z-axis moving body 50 are respectively a Y-axis driving motor 31, an X-axis driving motor (not shown), and a Z-axis driving motor (not shown). ) To move in the respective axial directions. With the above structure, the tool rotated by the spindle motor can be moved relative to the bed 20 in a three-dimensional manner, and this operation realizes a three-dimensional approach / separation operation with respect to the workpiece W described later. ing.

  Next, the structure 400 according to the A-axis and C-axis operations will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the detailed structure. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the A axis is an axis parallel to the X axis, and the C axis is an axis orthogonal to the A axis as shown in FIG. As will be described, it is an axis that can rotate in a plane defined by the Y axis and the Z axis as the A axis rotates. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the left side wall of the workable region MS in the bed 20 has a substantially rectangular column vertically long shape, and its central portion is pivotally supported so as to be rotatable around the A axis. A shaft rotating body 11 is provided. The A-axis rotating body 11 is driven to rotate by an A-axis rotation drive motor 15. One end of the A-axis rotating body 11 is provided with a C-axis rotating drive body 12, and the other end is provided with a tailstock 13 that is hydraulically driven. The C-axis rotation drive body 12 is attached with a chuck 14 that can grip the workpiece W and is driven to rotate around the C-axis by the C-axis rotation drive body 12. As an operation, when the chuck 14 is rotated by the C-axis rotation driving body 12 with one end of the workpiece W held by the chuck 14 and the other end supported by the tailstock 13, the workpiece W rotates around the C-axis. Will do. Therefore, when the chuck 14 rotates about the C axis and rotates about the A axis by the A axis rotating body 11A axis rotation driving motor 15, the workpiece W rotates about the A axis while rotating about the C axis. . The relative movement of the workpiece W relative to the bed 20 due to the rotation about the C axis and the A axis and the relative movement relative to the bed 20 due to the movement of the tool relative to the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis. Processing can be realized. Note that the two-dot chain line in FIG. 3 represents the rotation trajectory at both ends of the A-axis rotating body 11. Thus, in the 5-axis control machine tool 100, the member that realizes the relative A-axis rotation of the work W with respect to the bed 20 is configured to pivotally support the work W with respect to the bed 20 at one end in the A-axis direction. doing. Simply put, it has a so-called cantilever structure. Along with this, as a structure for regulating the C-axis rotation of the work, a structure is adopted in which the work W is sandwiched between the C-axis rotation driving body 12 and the tailstock 13 fixed to the A-axis rotation body 11, respectively. Yes. The 5-axis control machine tool 100 includes an automatic tool changer 60. The tool gripping and changing mechanism 61 selects a desired tool from a plurality of tools, grips and moves it, and attaches it to the spindle 51. It is possible to withdraw the tool after processing. The above-described and later-described mechanical operation control is performed by an NC (Numerical Control) control unit 70. Further, the 5-axis control machine tool 100 includes an operation / display panel 80.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the layout configuration of the 5-axis control machine tool according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of the structure 500 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations. It is a figure which shows a stock specification. 5 and 6, the basic configuration of the NC machining unit 220 of the 5-axis control machine tool 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is the prior application of the applicant shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Therefore, detailed description and illustration thereof are omitted. In the 5-axis control machine tool 200 according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the structure 500 related to the A-axis and C-axis operation is configured to have a one-side tailstock specification. That is, the member that realizes relative rotation of the A axis with respect to the bed 20 (see FIG. 3 and the like) of the workpiece W is configured to pivot with respect to the bed 20 at one end in the A axis direction with respect to the workpiece W. It is said. In addition, as a structure for defining the C-axis rotation of the work, a structure in which the work W is sandwiched between the C-axis rotation driving body 12 and the tailstock 13 respectively fixed to the A-axis rotation body 11 is adopted.

  Now, a major feature of the 5-axis control machine tool 200 according to the present embodiment is that it pursues superiority as a blade processing machine. That is, the 5-axis control machine tool 200 includes an NC processing unit 220 as a processing region unit and an application region unit 230. As shown in FIG. 5, the application region unit 230 includes a dressing device, a tank system 260, etc. (not shown). It is configured as a comprehensive application for enabling general-purpose processing, and for this reason, it is configured so that the lead time until manufacturing of the processed product can be shortened. In addition, space saving is realized as a comprehensive application, and it is configured as a machine that realizes high acceleration and deceleration in terms of mechanism and control. Further, since it can be manufactured as a general-purpose machine instead of a dedicated machine, the delivery time of the 5-axis control machine tool 200 can be shortened, and the total machine can be manufactured at a lower cost. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the 5-axis control machine tool 200 of the present embodiment includes a dressing device (not shown) for dressing a grindstone or the like as a tool. Moreover, the tank system 260 for supplying a coolant to the processing point of the workpiece | work W with a tool is provided. For this reason, while having various functions, it has a compact plane configuration as shown in FIG. 5, and is configured as a comprehensive application for enabling general-purpose machining. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the lead time until manufacturing the processed product. Further, in the 5-axis control machine tool 200 of the present embodiment, the structure 500 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations is configured in a compact manner, so that the machining operation possible region MS (see FIG. 1 and the like) is the same as the conventional one. If it is a volume, the area significantly generated by the downsizing can be used effectively. For this purpose, a setup table 216 is provided as shown in FIG. If the setup table 216 is juxtaposed in this way, pre-processing such as processing of the chucking portion of other workpieces and other processing can be performed in parallel with processing of the workpiece W, and more complex processing can be performed. This makes it possible to increase the diversity and to improve the efficiency and time of the entire machining process.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. In the NC processing unit 320 of the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the present embodiment, a member that realizes relative rotation of the A axis with respect to the bed 20 of the workpiece (not shown) is pivotally supported with respect to the bed 20 at one end in the A axis direction. The so-called cantilever structure is the same as that of the 5-axis control machine tool 100 according to the prior application of the applicant shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, but is related to the A-axis and C-axis operations. Unlike the 5-axis control machine tool 100 according to the applicant's previous application and the first embodiment described above, the structure 600 is configured in tandem specifications. In other words, the structure that regulates the C-axis rotation of the workpiece is a structure in which the workpiece is sandwiched between the C-axis rotation driving bodies 12A and 12B fixed to both ends of the A-axis rotation body 11, respectively. And the structure of what is called a tandem drive by 12B is employ | adopted. In other words, a major feature of the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the present embodiment is that it pursues the superiority of tandem drive, and thereby, it is possible to enhance torque and support rigidity, and thus improve rotational speed. ing. As shown in FIG. 7, the setup table 216 is provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, in the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the second embodiment, the three directions around the machining operation possible region MS (see FIG. 1 and the like) of the NC machining unit 320 are due to the wall body. Surrounded. That is, in the 5-axis control machine tool 300, the fixed walls 302 and 304 are erected on both sides of the machining operation possible region MS, and the movable wall 306 is erected on the rear side so as to be opened and closed. Three directions are surrounded by a wall. Thereby, metal processing powder and coolant by processing are prevented from scattering. The rear movable wall 306 is configured to be openable and closable in accordance with the timing of tool change by the automatic tool changer 60 (see FIG. 5 and the like). In the example shown in FIG. 7, only one structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations is provided in the machining operation possible region MS, but the A-axis is connected via the circular hole 304H of the fixed wall 304. Further, a modification in which another pair of structures 600 related to the C-axis operation is provided is also possible. According to such a modification, so-called tandem machining (tandem drive + tandem machining) in which two workpieces are machined in parallel can be realized.

  Next, the relative positional relationship in operation between the spindle 51 and the workpiece W (not shown, see FIG. 10 described later) will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8A is a partial front view of a portion of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations, and shows a relative movement stroke related to the X-axis and the Z-axis of the main shaft 51 with respect to the structure 600. . FIG. 8B is a partial plan view of the portion of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations. FIGS. 8C and 9A to 9D are also partial side views of the part of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations, and show the main shaft 51 with respect to the structure 600. The relationship between the relative movement about the Y-axis and the A-axis rotation operation of the structure 600 is shown. Specifically, FIG. 8C and FIG. 9A show a case where the direction of the C-axis and the direction of the Y-axis coincide (for example, the rotation of the A-axis is set to 0 degree). The stroke of the movement of the main shaft 51 in the Y-axis direction (movement in the longitudinal direction with respect to the workpiece W) at that time is shown. In FIG. 8C, a circular one-dot chain line, and in FIGS. 9A to 9D, a circular two-dot chain line represents the rotation locus of both ends of the A-axis rotating body 11, respectively. Similarly, FIG. 9B shows a stroke of movement of the main shaft 51 in the Y-axis direction, and in particular, the structure 600 is rotated by −45 degrees with respect to the A-axis, that is, the C-axis is the Y-axis. It shows a state tilted by −45 degrees with respect to the angle. Similarly, FIG. 8C shows a stroke of movement of the main shaft 51 in the Y-axis direction. In particular, the structure 600 is rotated by −90 degrees with respect to the A-axis, that is, the C-axis is the Y-axis. The state which is orthogonal to is shown. Similarly, FIG. 9D shows a stroke of movement of the main shaft 51 in the Y-axis direction. In particular, the structure 600 rotates 45 degrees with respect to the A-axis, that is, the C-axis changes to the Y-axis. It shows a state tilted by 45 degrees. Thus, even if the structure 600 rotates with respect to the A axis, the main shaft 51 moves so as not to interfere with the C axis rotation driving body 12 and the like.

  The 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is in pursuit of superiority as a blade processing machine. Here, processing of the blade product by the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the present embodiment and a standard 5-axis machine as a comparative example will be described. FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagrams for explaining that it is difficult to machine a blade product in the standard 5-axis machine of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and FIG. 10C is a 5-axis control according to the present embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the predominance in the process of the blade product by the machine tool 300. FIG. FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C show an example of processing a workpiece used as an aircraft engine blade. For convenience of explanation, the axis corresponding to the C axis described above may be described as the B axis. In other words, it is necessary to machine a complex-shaped processed part in which a gear-like groove is machined into a triangular body on the fixed end side, and a blade-like rotator extending therefrom is smoothly curved. However, as shown in FIG. 10A, in the standard 5-shaft machine of Comparative Example 1, (1) the C-axis of the rotating shaft corresponding to the B-axis table is large, (2) the inertia is large, (3) A-axis rotation There is a problem that it is difficult to process the blade product because the angle is small, (4) the work W is fixed only on one side, the rigidity is insufficient, and (5) the interference is large. In addition, as shown in FIG. 10B, in the standard 5-axis machine of Comparative Example 2, (1) the rotation axis corresponding to the B-axis table is large, (2) the inertia is large, and (3) the A-axis rotation angle is ± There is a problem that it is difficult to process the blade product because it is small enough to rotate only up to about 75 degrees. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10C, the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes (1) the place of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations. Because it is large, interference with the spindle can be avoided. (2) Since the work W can be fixed on both sides, the support rigidity is strong. (3) The B-axis table can rotate quickly (small inertia), and the rotation can be switched. The blade product can be processed for reasons such as being fast (small inertia) and capable of rotating 360 degrees or more (spin table) as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9D. There is an epoch-making advantage of being easy. It has been confirmed that, for example, the cam groove of the roller gear cam can be processed by taking advantage of the same structural advantage as described above.

  As described above, according to the above-described embodiment of the 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention, it is possible to process blade products and cam grooves, which are difficult with conventional standard 5-axis machines, and A great advantage is that these processes can be performed as a machine.

  The 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention can be used as a machining center, particularly as a blade processing machine. It can also be used as a cam groove processing machine.

100 5-axis control machine tool 11 A-axis rotating body 12 C-axis rotating drive body 13 Tailstock 14 Chuck 15 A-axis rotating drive motor 16 Setup table 20 Bed 30 Y-axis moving body 40 X-axis moving body 50 Z-axis moving body 51 Spindle 60 Automatic tool changer 61 Tool gripping change mechanism 70 NC control unit 80 Operation / display panel W Work MS Workable range

Claims (3)

  A machining area section and an application area section, wherein the machining area section rotates the workpiece about the first rotation operation axis and the workpiece with respect to the bed section about the second rotation operation axis perpendicular to the first rotation operation axis. The tool is moved three-dimensionally with respect to the bed portion with respect to the first, second, and third rectilinear motion axes, one of which is orthogonal to the second rotational motion axis in the same direction as the second rotational motion axis. Meanwhile, a 5-axis control machine tool that processes the workpiece with the tool, and a rotating body having one end in the axial direction pivotally supported by the bed portion so as to be rotatable about the second rotational movement axis A pair of clamping members that are at both ends of the rotating body in the first rotational motion axis direction and sandwich the workpiece from the first rotational motion axis direction so as to be rotatable about the first rotational motion axis. The application area Parts includes a dresser for dressing at least the tool, 5-axis control machine tool, characterized in that it comprises a tank system for supplying coolant to the machining point of the workpiece by the tool.   The pair of clamping members includes a first chuck for gripping the workpiece on one side and a first driving body for rotating the first chuck, a second chuck for gripping the workpiece on the other side, and A second driving body for rotating the second chuck, gripping the workpiece from both sides by the first and second chucks, and holding the workpiece from both sides by the first and second driving bodies. The 5-axis control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool is rotated via the first and second chucks. The 5-axis control machine tool according to claim 2, which can be used for machining a blade product and machining a cam groove.

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