JP6823900B2 - 5-axis control machine tool - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a 5-axis control machine tool, for example, a 5-axis control machine tool used for blade machining.

Machine tools such as machining centers that perform cutting on an object to be machined (hereinafter referred to as "work") with a tool mounted on the spindle by so-called 5-axis control have become widespread. Here, the five axes are the three axes of the linear movement axes (X, Y, Z) that define the movement of the tool work in the directions orthogonal to each other in the three-dimensional space, and the rotation of the work itself with respect to the tool. It is two axes of rotation center axes (A, C) that define the rotation of the work. By controlling the operation with respect to such five axes, it is possible to process even a part having a curved surface. For example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose such machine tools. In addition, there is also a configuration in which the tool side is physically swiveled by the swivel operation between the tool and the work.

In addition, the applicant has also proposed a 5-axis control machine tool that can effectively utilize the work space to improve the efficiency of the machining work process (see Patent Document 3).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-266275 JP-A-2007-219951 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-04425

With the standard 5-axis control machine tools described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, it is difficult to reduce the machining speed of special parts that are complicatedly curved, such as the blade shape of an aircraft engine, and there are many types. It was difficult to save space because the machine configuration was complicated and large in order to handle the machining of the workpiece. On the other hand, in the 5-axis control machine tool described in Patent Document 3 described above, it is possible to save space and improve the efficiency of the machining work process, but not only general-purpose machining but also machining speed, torque, rigidity, etc. From this aspect, it is a machine tool that can effectively handle the machining of various types of workpieces, and the development of a machine tool that can contribute to further space saving and shortening of lead time for product machining is awaited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention can effectively cope with not only general-purpose machining but also machining of various types of workpieces in terms of machining speed, torque, rigidity, and the like. Above, it is to provide a 5-axis control machine tool capable of further saving space and shortening the lead time of product processing. Another object of the present invention is to provide a 5-axis control machine tool having excellent performance as a blade processing machine.

In order to achieve the above object, the 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention includes a machining area portion and an application region portion, and the machining area portion rotates the work with respect to the first rotation operation axis and the first rotation operation thereof. Regarding the second rotation operation axis orthogonal to the axis, the work is rotated by a table rotating with respect to the bed portion , and one of them is orthogonal to each other in the same direction as the second rotation operation axis. A 5-axis control machine tool that processes the workpiece with the tool while moving the tool three-dimensionally with respect to the bed portion with respect to the third linear motion axis, and is rotatable about the second rotary motion axis. As described above, one end in the axial direction is at both ends of the rotating body pivotally supported by the bed portion and the rotating body in the first rotation operating axis direction, and the work is provided on the first rotating operating axis. provided from the to be rotatable first rotation axis and a pair of clamping members for clamping, the application area section, coolant pre SL tool and dresser for dressing, the working point of the workpiece by the tool A tank system for supplying a tool and an automatic tool changing device are provided, and the pair of holding members is a first driving body that rotationally drives a first chuck that grips the work and the first chuck thereof on one side. The other side includes a second chuck for gripping the work and a second driving body for rotationally driving the second chuck, and the first and second chucks grip the work from both sides and grip the work. The work is rotated from both sides by the first and second driving bodies via the first and second chucks, and fixed walls are erected on both sides of the processing region portion. Further, on the rear side, the movable wall is erected so as to be openable and closable, so that the surrounding three directions are surrounded by the wall body, and the table can rotate 360 degrees or more with respect to the second rotation operation axis. It is a feature.

The movable wall on the rear side may be configured to be openable and closable at the timing of tool exchange by the automatic tool exchange device. Further, since another table is provided through the circular hole of the fixed wall, two tables may be provided in the processing region portion. Further, the above-mentioned suitable 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention can be used for processing blade products and cam grooves.

According to the present invention, not only general-purpose machining but also machining of various types of workpieces can be effectively supported in terms of machining speed, torque, rigidity, etc., and further space saving and lead time for product machining can be achieved. It can be shortened. Further, it is possible to provide a 5-axis control machine tool having excellent performance as a blade processing machine.

It is a top view of the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the applicant's prior application. It is a front view of the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the applicant's prior application. It is a side view of the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the applicant's prior application. It is a perspective view which shows the detail of the structure which concerns on the A-axis and C-axis operation in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on the applicant's prior application. It is a top view which shows the layout structure of the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an enlarged plan view of the structure which concerns on the A-axis and C-axis operation in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention, and is the figure which shows the tail stock specification on one side. It is a perspective view centering on the processing area part in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and is the figure which shows the tandem specification of the structure which concerns on A-axis and C-axis operation. It is the first figure for demonstrating the relative positional relationship between the spindle and the work in operation in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a 2nd figure for demonstrating the relative positional relationship between the spindle and the work in operation in the 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating superiority of blade processing by a 5-axis control machine tool which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

First, in order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the five-axis control machine tool described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-247075, which is the prior application of the applicant, will be briefly described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the 5-axis control machine tool, FIG. 2 is a front view of the 5-axis control machine tool, FIG. 3 is a side view of the 5-axis control machine tool, and FIG. 4 is A in the 5-axis control machine tool. It is a perspective view which shows the detail of the structure which concerns on the axis and C-axis operation. The 5-axis control machine tool 100 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has a bed 20 as a base, a Y-axis moving body (column) 30 slidable in the Y-axis direction with respect to the bed 20, and its Y-axis. It includes an X-axis moving body 40 that can slide in the X-axis direction with respect to the moving body 30, and a Z-axis moving body 50 that can slide in the Z-axis direction with respect to the X-axis moving body 40. Further, a spindle 51 having an axis in the same direction as the Z axis is provided at the lower portion of the Z-axis moving body 50, and a tool can be attached to the lower end of the spindle 51. The tool attached to the spindle 51 can be rotated around the spindle by a spindle motor (not shown) built in the spindle 51. Here, the Y-axis moving body 30, the X-axis moving body 40, and the Z-axis moving body 50 are the Y-axis drive motor 31, the X-axis drive motor (not shown), and the Z-axis drive motor (not shown), respectively. ) To move in each axial direction. With the above structure, the tool in the rotating state by the spindle motor can move relative to the bed 20 in three dimensions, and this operation realizes a three-dimensional approach / separation operation with respect to the work W described later. ing.

Next, the structure 400 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the detailed structure thereof. Therefore, the A-axis is an axis parallel to the X-axis as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the C-axis is an axis orthogonal to the A-axis as shown in FIG. As described above, it is an axis that can rotate in a plane defined by the Y axis and the Z axis as the A axis rotates. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, A has a substantially square pillar vertically elongated shape on the left wall of the processable region MS in the bed 20, and the central portion thereof is rotatably supported around the A axis. The shaft rotating body 11 is provided. The A-axis rotating body 11 is rotationally driven by the A-axis rotating drive motor 15. Further, one end of the A-axis rotating body 11 is provided with a C-axis rotating driving body 12, and the other end is provided with a tailstock 13 that is driven hydraulically. Further, the C-axis rotation drive body 12 is equipped with a chuck 14 that can grip the work W and is rotationally driven around the C-axis by the C-axis rotation drive body 12. As an operation, when one end of the work W is gripped by the chuck 14 and the other end is supported by the tailstock 13 and the chuck 14 is rotated by the C-axis rotation drive body 12, the work W rotates around the C-axis. Will be done. Therefore, when the chuck 14 rotates on the C-axis and the A-axis rotating body 11 A-axis rotation drive motor 15 rotates on the A-axis, the work W rotates on the C-axis and rotates on the A-axis. .. 5-axis control of the work W to the work W by the relative movement of the work W with respect to the bed 20 due to rotation about the C-axis and A-axis and relative movement with respect to the bed 20 by movement of the tool with respect to the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis Processing can be realized. The two-dot chain line in FIG. 3 represents the rotation locus at both ends of the A-axis rotating body 11. As described above, in the 5-axis control machine tool 100, the member that realizes the relative A-axis rotation of the work W with respect to the bed 20 is configured to pivotally support the work W with respect to the bed 20 at one end in the A-axis direction. doing. Simply put, it has a so-called cantilever structure. Along with this, as a structure for defining the C-axis rotation of the work, a structure in which the work W is sandwiched by the C-axis rotation drive body 12 and the tailstock 13 fixed to the A-axis rotating body 11, respectively, is adopted. There is. Further, the 5-axis control machine tool 100 includes an automatic tool changing device 60, and the tool gripping and changing mechanism 61 selects a desired tool from a plurality of tools, grips and moves the tool, and attaches the tool to the spindle 51. , It is possible to withdraw the tool after machining. Further, the control of the mechanical operation described above and described later is performed by the NC (Numerical Control) control unit 70. Further, the 5-axis control machine tool 100 includes an operation / display panel 80.

Hereinafter, the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a layout configuration of a 5-axis control machine tool according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a structure 500 related to its A-axis and C-axis operation, and one side tail. It is a figure which shows the stock specification. With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the basic configuration of the NC machining section 220 of the 5-axis controlled machine tool 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is the prior application of the applicant shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. Since it is substantially the same as the 5-axis control machine tool 100 according to the above, detailed description and illustration thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 6, in the 5-axis control machine tool 200 according to the present embodiment, the structure 500 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations is configured to have a one-sided tailstock specification. That is, a member that realizes relative A-axis rotation of the work W with respect to the bed 20 (see FIG. 3 and the like) is configured to pivotally support the work W with respect to the bed 20 at one end in the A-axis direction, so-called cantilever structure. It is supposed to be. Further, as a structure that regulates the C-axis rotation of the work, a structure is adopted in which the work W is sandwiched by the C-axis rotation driving body 12 and the tailstock 13 fixed to the A-axis rotating body 11, respectively.

By the way, a major feature of the 5-axis control machine tool 200 according to the present embodiment is that it pursues superiority as a blade processing machine. That is, the 5-axis control machine tool 200 includes an NC machining section 220 as a machining area section and an application area section 230, and as shown in FIG. 5, the application area section 230 includes a dressing device, a tank system 260, etc. (not shown). , It is configured as a comprehensive application to enable general-purpose machining, and therefore it is configured to shorten the lead time until the production of machined products. In addition, it is configured as a machine that realizes space saving as a comprehensive application and realizes high acceleration / deceleration both mechanically and in terms of control. Further, since it can be manufactured as a general-purpose machine instead of a dedicated machine, it is possible to shorten the product delivery time of the 5-axis control machine tool 200, and there is an advantage that the total machine can be manufactured at a lower cost. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the 5-axis control machine tool 200 of the present embodiment includes a dressing device (not shown) for dressing a grindstone or the like as a tool. It also includes a tank system 260 for supplying coolant to the machining point of the work W by the tool. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, it has a compact planar configuration while being equipped with various functions, and is configured as a comprehensive application to enable general-purpose machining. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the lead time until the production of processed products. Further, in the 5-axis control machine tool 200 of the present embodiment, since the structure 500 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations is compactly configured, the machining operationable area MS (see FIG. 1 and the like) is the same as the conventional one. If it is a volume, a region significantly generated by the compactness can be effectively used, and for that purpose, a setup table 216 is provided as shown in FIG. By arranging the setup tables 216 side by side in this way, pre-processing such as processing of the chucking portion of another work and other processing can be performed in parallel with the processing of the work W, and more complex processing can be performed. This will make it possible, increase the variety, and improve the efficiency and time of all processing processes.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10. In the NC processing unit 320 of the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the present embodiment, a member that realizes the relative A-axis rotation of the work with respect to the bed 20 (not shown) is pivotally supported with respect to the bed 20 at one end in the A-axis direction of the work. The so-called cantilever structure is the same as that of the 5-axis control machine tool 100 according to the applicant's prior application shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, but is related to the A-axis and C-axis operations. The structure 600 is configured in tandem specifications, unlike the 5-axis controlled machine tool 100 according to the applicant's prior application and the first embodiment described above. That is, as a structure that regulates the C-axis rotation of the work, a structure in which the work is sandwiched by C-axis rotation drive bodies 12A and 12B fixed to both ends of the A-axis rotation body 11, respectively, and therefore, the C-axis rotation drive body 12A And 12B, so-called tandem drive configuration is adopted. That is, a major feature of the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the present embodiment is that it pursues the superiority of tandem drive, thereby increasing torque, strengthening support rigidity, and improving rotational speed. ing. As shown in FIG. 7, the setup table 216 is provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, in the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the second embodiment, the three directions around the machining operable area MS (see FIG. 1 and the like) in the NC machining section 320 are formed by the wall body. It is surrounded. That is, in the 5-axis control machine tool 300, fixed walls 302 and 304 are erected on both sides of the machining operable area MS, respectively, and movable walls 306 are erected on the rear side so as to be openable and closable. It is surrounded by walls in three directions. This prevents metalworking powder and coolant from being scattered during processing. The movable wall 306 on the rear side is configured to be openable and closable in accordance with the timing of tool change by the automatic tool change device 60 (see FIG. 5 and the like). Further, in the example shown in FIG. 7, only one structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis movements is provided in the machining movable region MS, but the A-axis is provided through the circular hole 304H of the fixed wall 304. It is also possible to provide another pair of structures 600 related to the C-axis operation. According to such a modification, so-called tandem processing (tandem drive + tandem processing) in which two workpieces are processed in parallel can be realized.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, the relative positional relationship between the spindle 51 and the work W (not shown, see FIG. 10 described later) in operation will be described. FIG. 8A is a partial front view of a portion of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations, and shows the stroke of relative movement of the spindle 51 with respect to the structure 600 with respect to the X-axis and the Z-axis. .. Further, FIG. 8B is a partial plan view of a portion of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations. 8 (c) and 9 (a) to 9 (d) are similarly partial side views of the portion of the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operations, and the spindle 51 with respect to the structure 600. The relationship between the relative movement related to the Y-axis and the A-axis rotation operation of the structure 600 is shown. In detail, FIGS. 8 (c) and 9 (a) show the case where the direction of the C axis and the direction of the Y axis match (at this time, for example, the rotation of the A axis is 0 degree). The stroke of the movement of the spindle 51 in the Y-axis direction (movement in the longitudinal direction with respect to the work W) at that time is shown. Note that the circular alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 8 (c) and the circular alternate long and short dash line in FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (d) represent the rotation loci at both ends of the A-axis rotating body 11, respectively. Similarly, FIG. 9B shows the stroke of movement of the spindle 51 in the Y-axis direction. In particular, the structure 600 rotates −45 degrees with respect to the A-axis, that is, the C-axis is the Y-axis. It shows a state of being tilted by -45 degrees with respect to. Similarly, FIG. 8 (c) shows the stroke of movement of the spindle 51 in the Y-axis direction. In particular, the structure 600 is rotated by −90 degrees with respect to the A-axis, that is, the C-axis is the Y-axis. It shows a state that is orthogonal to. Similarly, FIG. 9D shows the stroke of movement of the spindle 51 in the Y-axis direction. In particular, the structure 600 rotates 45 degrees with respect to the A-axis, that is, the C-axis is on the Y-axis. It shows a state of being tilted 45 degrees. In this way, even if the structure 600 rotates with respect to the A axis, the spindle 51 moves so as not to interfere with the C axis rotation driving body 12 and the like.

The 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is in pursuit of superiority as a blade processing machine. Here, the machining of the blade product by the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the present embodiment and the standard 5-axis machine as a comparative example will be described. 10 (a) and 10 (b) are diagrams for explaining that it is difficult to process a blade product with the standard 5-axis machine of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and FIG. 10 (c) is a 5-axis control according to the present embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating superiority in processing of a blade product by a machine tool 300. 10 (a), (b), and (c) show an example of processing a workpiece used as a blade of an aircraft engine. For convenience of explanation, the axis corresponding to the above-mentioned C axis may be described as the B axis. That is, it is necessary to process a machined part having a complicated shape in which a gear-shaped groove is machined into a triangular body on the fixed end side and a blade-shaped rotating body extending from the groove is smoothly curved. However, as shown in FIG. 10A, in the standard 5-axis machine of Comparative Example 1, (1) the C-axis of the rotation axis corresponding to the B-axis table is large, (2) the inertia is large, and (3) the A-axis rotation. There are problems that it is difficult to process the blade product because the angle is small, (4) the work W is fixed only on one side and the rigidity is insufficient, and (5) the interference is large. Further, as shown in FIG. 10B, in the standard 5-axis machine of Comparative Example 2, (1) the rotation axis corresponding to the B-axis table is large, (2) the inertia is large, and (3) the A-axis rotation angle is ±. There is also a problem that it is difficult to process the above-mentioned blade product because it is small and can rotate only up to about 75 degrees. On the other hand, in the 5-axis control machine tool 300 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 10 (c), (1) the structure 600 related to the A-axis and C-axis operation is located. Since it is large, it is possible to avoid interference with the spindle. (2) The work W can be fixed on both sides, so the support rigidity is strong. (3) The B-axis table can rotate quickly (small inertia), and the rotation can be switched. The blade product can be processed because it is fast (small inertia) and can rotate 360 degrees or more (spin table) as shown in FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (d). It has the epoch-making advantage of being easy. It has been confirmed that, for example, it is possible to process a cam groove of a roller gear cam by taking advantage of the same configuration as described above.

As described above, according to the above-described embodiment of the 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention, it is possible to process blade products and cam grooves, which are difficult with the conventional standard 5-axis machine, and also for general purposes. A great advantage is obtained that these processes can be performed as a machine.

The 5-axis control machine tool of the present invention can be used as a machining center, particularly a blade processing machine. It can also be used as a cam groove processing machine.

100 5-axis control machine tool 11 A-axis rotary body 12 C-axis rotary drive body 13 tailstock 14 chuck 15 A-axis rotary drive motor 16 setup table 20 bed 30 Y-axis moving body 40 X-axis moving body 50 Z-axis moving body 51 Spindle 60 Automatic tool changer 61 Tool grip change mechanism 70 NC control unit 80 Operation / display panel W Work MS Machining workable area

Claims (3)

A machining area portion and an application region portion are provided, and the machining region portion rotates the work about the first rotation operation axis and rotates with respect to the bed portion about the second rotation operation axis orthogonal to the first rotation operation axis. While rotating the work by the table , one of them is three-dimensional with respect to the bed portion with respect to the first, second, and third straight motion axes orthogonal to each other in the same direction as the second rotary motion axis. A 5-axis control machine that processes the work with the tool while moving the work, and one end in the axial direction is pivotally supported by the bed portion so as to be rotatable about the second rotation operation axis. A pair of rotating bodies and a pair of workpieces at both ends of the rotating body in the direction of the first rotation operation axis, sandwiching the work from the direction of the first rotation operation axis so as to be rotatable about the first rotation operation axis. and a clamping member, the application area portion includes a front SL tool dresser for dressing and a tank system for supplying coolant to the machining point of the workpiece by the tool, the tool automatic changing apparatus, the The pair of sandwiching members includes a first chuck that grips the work on one side and a first driving body that rotationally drives the first chuck thereof, and a second chuck that grips the work on the other side and a second chuck thereof. A second driving body for rotationally driving the two chucks is included, the work is gripped from both sides by the first and second chucks, and the work is held from both sides by the first and second driving bodies. It is rotated via the first and second chucks, and fixed walls are erected on both sides of the processing region, and movable walls are erected on the rear side so as to be openable and closable. A 5-axis control machine tool characterized in that the surrounding three directions are surrounded by a wall body, and the table can rotate 360 degrees or more with respect to the second rotation operation axis . The 5-axis control machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the movable wall on the rear side is configured to be openable and closable in accordance with the timing of tool change by the automatic tool change device. The first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein two more tables are provided in the processing area portion by further providing another table through the circular hole of the fixed wall. 5-axis control machine tool.

Images