JP2017032126A - Disaster prevention facility of hydrogen station - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disaster prevention facility of a hydrogen station capable of integrally managing various kinds of monitoring in a hydrogen station with a simple facility.SOLUTION: In a disaster prevention facility of a hydrogen station including a storage tank 13 configured to store hydrogen, on a surface of the storage tank 13, provided are an optical fiber 40 laid so as to deform together with the surface, and a detector 34 configured to detect temperature and distribution of distortion along a lengthwise direction of the optical fiber 40. The detector 34 makes light having a given wavelength range incident into a core of the optical fiber 40, detects light that incident light has been reflected onto an incident side, and thereby detects the temperature and distribution of distortion along the lengthwise direction of the optical fiber 40.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention facility for a hydrogen station that stores liquid hydrogen or compressed hydrogen and supplies hydrogen to a fuel cell vehicle or the like.

  A fuel cell vehicle using hydrogen as a fuel does not emit carbon dioxide when running, nor does it emit NOx or other substances that cause air pollution. Further, since it can travel several hundred km with a fuel supply of about several minutes, it is more convenient than an electric vehicle that requires time for charging. For this reason, technological development for fuel cell vehicles that are expected to become popular in the future is underway.

  The fuel supply to the fuel cell vehicle is performed at the hydrogen station. There are two types of hydrogen stations: an off-site type that stores and supplies hydrogen that is manufactured and transported in a factory or the like, and an on-site type that reforms raw materials such as LPG in the station to produce and supply hydrogen.

  If hydrogen leaks or ignites, it may cause a large-scale explosion. Regardless of the type, the compartment where the hydrogen storage tank is placed must be surrounded by a barrier with a predetermined strength and height. It has been demanded. Also, in the unlikely event that a fire occurs in a hydrogen station, there is a possibility of a major disaster, so it is necessary to provide a more stringent fire prevention facility than ordinary facilities. As a hydrogen station provided with such fire prevention equipment, there is one as listed in Patent Document 1, for example.

JP 2012-66086 A

  At the hydrogen station, various types of monitoring are performed, including fires. For example, equipment with high-pressure hydrogen such as a hydrogen storage tank is constantly monitored so that the surface temperature does not exceed a predetermined level because there is a risk of equipment destruction due to an increase in internal pressure when the temperature rises. If the surface temperature exceeds a predetermined level, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the storage tank by spraying water. In order to monitor the surface temperature of the storage tank, a temperature detector is provided in the vicinity of the storage tank. In addition, a fire detector is provided to detect the occurrence of a fire.

  Abnormalities in hydrogen storage tanks can lead to fires, so it is desirable to be able to measure not only the surface temperature, but also strain. In this case, it is necessary to arrange a sensor such as a strain gauge on the surface of the storage tank and connect it to a monitoring device.

  In addition, a control panel that controls and monitors equipment in the hydrogen station is required to be installed in a room such as an office that is partitioned separately from a section in which a barrier is provided. In this case, it is necessary to monitor whether a suspicious person enters from an office window or doorway. For this purpose, a security monitoring device is provided in the office.

  As described above, the hydrogen station is provided with different monitoring devices in order to perform various types of monitoring such as fire occurrence monitoring, temperature monitoring, and crime prevention monitoring, which hinders centralized management and cost reduction of monitoring at the hydrogen station.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and it aims at providing the disaster prevention equipment of the hydrogen station which can centrally manage the various monitoring in a hydrogen station with simple equipment.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the hydrogen station disaster prevention equipment according to claim 1 is a hydrogen station disaster prevention equipment having a storage tank for storing hydrogen.
The surface of the storage tank includes an optical fiber laid so as to be deformed together with the surface, and a detector for detecting temperature and strain distribution along the length direction of the optical fiber. ing.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 1, the local temperature change of a storage tank can be detected and monitored.

  Further, in the disaster prevention equipment for the hydrogen station according to the invention of claim 2, the detector makes light in an arbitrary wavelength range incident on the core of the optical fiber, and the incident light is reflected on the incident side. By detecting, temperature and strain distribution along the length direction of the optical fiber are detected.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the temperature change distribution and strain distribution along the length direction of the optical fiber can be measured with a relatively simple configuration.

  Furthermore, in the disaster prevention equipment for a hydrogen station according to the invention of claim 3, the optical fiber is laid on an interlocking body that moves or deforms in conjunction with a window and / or doorway of a building where the detector is installed, and the detection An open / close of the window and / or the entrance / exit is detected by a container.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 3, the crime prevention monitoring of a building can be performed by the structure similar to the temperature change detection of a storage tank.

  Furthermore, the disaster prevention equipment for a hydrogen station according to the invention of claim 4 is characterized in that the optical fiber is laid in a hydrogen production apparatus and / or a hydrogen compressor installed in the hydrogen station. Yes.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, abnormality detection of a hydrogen production apparatus or a hydrogen compressor can be performed by the structure similar to the temperature change detection of a storage tank.

  In the disaster prevention equipment for the hydrogen station according to the invention of claim 5, the optical fiber is laid on a joint part of at least one of a hydrogen production apparatus, a compressor, and a storage tank installed in the hydrogen station. The optical fiber is configured to be installed in a hydrogen compressor installed in the hydrogen station.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, the leakage of hydrogen by the loosening etc. of a joint part is detectable. An abnormality of the hydrogen compressor can be detected by the same configuration as the temperature change detection of the storage tank.

  According to the disaster prevention equipment of the hydrogen station according to the present invention, the temperature change of the storage tank can be detected by laying the optical fiber, and it is possible to detect abnormality of other equipment and monitor the crime prevention of the building using the same configuration. In addition, various types of monitoring at the hydrogen station can be performed by a unified system.

It is a block diagram of the hydrogen station provided with the disaster prevention equipment in this embodiment. It is a block diagram of disaster prevention equipment. It is an example of a waveform in a detector. It is a front view of the storage tank which laid the optical fiber for detection. It is a front view of the storage tank which laid the optical fiber for detection by another pattern. It is a front view of the window which laid the optical fiber for detection.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the block diagram of the hydrogen station provided with the disaster prevention equipment in this embodiment is shown. The hydrogen station shown in this figure is provided with a gasoline station, and is configured as an on-site type capable of reforming fuel and producing hydrogen in the station.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the hydrogen station of the present embodiment is installed facing the road 1 and is provided in a region surrounded by predetermined partition walls 2 defined by laws and regulations. In a region surrounded by the partition walls 2, a place where hydrogen is produced (reformed) and stored is surrounded by a barrier 3 having a height of 2 m or more.

  In the hydrogen station, a hydrogen dispenser 5 for supplying hydrogen to the automobile and an oil supply facility 6 for supplying gasoline to the automobile are arranged. Furthermore, an office building 4 is also arranged in the hydrogen station. A monitoring panel 32 is installed in the office building 4 so that when an abnormality such as a fire is detected by a fire detector or the like installed in the hydrogen station, it can be monitored centrally. In the office building 4, a light source device 33 and a detector 34 are arranged as part of a disaster prevention device for monitoring the temperature and the like in the hydrogen storage tank 13. This disaster prevention device will be described in detail later.

  The fuel used as a raw material for hydrogen is stored in a fuel tank 10 provided in the basement of the hydrogen station. The fuel from the fuel tank 10 is sent to the hydrogen production device 11, where the fuel is reformed to produce hydrogen. The produced hydrogen is in a gaseous state, which is sent to the compressor 1211 to be compressed, and stored in the storage tank 13 in a compressed hydrogen state.

  If a fire or the like occurs in an area surrounded by the barrier 3, there is a risk of igniting hydrogen, so a plurality of devices for detecting an abnormality such as a fire are installed in this area. In the present embodiment, a fire detector 30 that detects the occurrence of a fire in the area within the barrier 3 and a fire when an abnormality such as the occurrence of a fire is manually notified or a fire occurrence is detected by the fire detector 30 are detected. An activation device 31 for transmitting a confirmation signal is provided.

  The storage tank 13 is provided with a detection optical fiber 40 capable of detecting temperature changes and occurrence of strain. The detection optical fiber 40 is also laid in the hydrogen production apparatus 11, the compressor 12, and the window 50 and the entrance / exit 55 of the office building 4, and each detection optical fiber 40 is installed in the office building 4. The light source device 33 and the detector 34 are connected.

  The fire detector 30 and the activation device 31 are also provided near the hydrogen dispenser 5. Both the fire detector 30 and the activation device 31 are connected to the monitoring panel 3233. Further, the detection optical fiber 40 is connected to a detector 34, and the detector 34 is further connected to a monitoring panel 3233, and changes in temperature and strain in the storage tank 13, the hydrogen production device 11, and the compressor 12, The opening and closing of the window 50 and the entrance / exit 55 can be monitored.

  In a region surrounded by the barrier 3, a water spray head 24, which is a water sprinkling part capable of watering the storage tank 13, is provided. The water spray head 24 receives water from the water storage tank 20 via a water supply line, and a plurality of water spray heads 24 are installed at positions where water can be sprayed with respect to the storage tank 13. The water supply line is provided with a pump 21 for sending water from the water storage tank 20 to the water spray head 24. The water spray head 24 can sprinkle water to extinguish the fire when a fire occurs, and can spray water to cool the storage tank 13 when the surface temperature of the storage tank 13 rises.

  The configuration of disaster prevention equipment that detects changes in temperature and strain will be described in detail. In FIG. 2, the block diagram of disaster prevention equipment is shown. This disaster prevention facility can measure the lengthwise distribution of temperature and strain generated in the detection optical fiber 40 by measuring Rayleigh scattered light generated in the detection optical fiber 40 laid on the measurement target. it can. Since the detection optical fiber 40 is laid so as to be deformable together with the measurement object, it is possible to detect the temperature change and the occurrence of strain in the measurement object. Using this, in this embodiment, the temperature change and the generation | occurrence | production of distortion in the storage tank 13, the hydrogen production apparatus 11, and the compressor 12 are detected, and generation | occurrence | production of abnormality in each apparatus is detected. Moreover, by laying the detection optical fiber 40 at the window 50 and the entrance / exit 55 of the office building 4, the opening and closing of these are monitored and used as a crime prevention device.

  The disaster prevention equipment receives the detection optical fiber 40 laid on the object to be measured, the light source device 33 that generates light incident on the detection optical fiber 40, and the reflected light from the detection optical fiber 40 to receive the temperature and A detector 34 that detects the occurrence of distortion, a first spectrometer 41 that splits light from the light source device 33 into the detection optical fiber 40 side and the detector 34 side, and light from the light source device 33 for detection. The second spectroscope 42 is configured to split the reflected light from the detection optical fiber 40 toward the detector 34 while passing through the optical fiber 40.

  The light source device 33 is configured by a tunable laser device that can generate light while changing light in a predetermined wavelength range. In this embodiment, light having a wavelength range of 1510 nm to 1570 nm is generated. However, the wavelength range is not limited to this, and may be another wavelength range.

  In the first spectroscope 41, the light is split into measurement light traveling toward the detection optical fiber 40 and reference light traveling toward the detector 34. The measurement light is guided into the detection optical fiber 40. An optical fiber generally has minute density unevenness in glass molecules, and a difference in refractive index of light occurs due to density unevenness in the length direction. Due to the difference in the refractive index of light at each position, strong Rayleigh scattering occurs at a specific wavelength at each position. Which wavelength of Rayleigh scattered light is generated at each position in the detection optical fiber 40 is measured in advance as specific fingerprint information.

  Rayleigh scattered light generated in the detection optical fiber 40 travels toward the light incident direction, that is, toward the light source device 33 side, and is split by the second spectroscope 42 toward the detector 34 side. In the detector 34, the reference light from the light source device 33 and the reflected light from the detection optical fiber 40 merge.

  FIG. 3 shows a waveform example in the detector 34. FIG. 3A shows the time change of the reference light and the time change of the reflected light. When these merge, light interference occurs, and a waveform as shown in FIG. 3B is obtained. The interference light data can be Fourier transformed to obtain data as shown in FIG. From this data, the frequency of Rayleigh scattered light from the detection optical fiber 40 is specified. Further, the optical path difference between the two can be calculated from the period of the interference light intensity generated by the reference light and the reflected light, and the reflection position in the detection optical fiber 40 is specified based on this. Then, the unique fingerprint information of the detection optical fiber 40 measured in advance is compared with the measured frequency of Rayleigh scattered light, and the amount of change in frequency is calculated. The amount of strain at a specific position of the detection optical fiber 40 can be obtained from the amount of change in frequency.

  For example, since it is not assumed that an external force is applied to the surface of the storage tank 13, the strain amount of the detection optical fiber 40 is due to a temperature change, and the storage tank is based on the measured strain amount. 13 surface temperature changes can be detected. In addition, since a sudden temperature change is not assumed in the window 50 of the office building 4, the strain detected by the detection optical fiber 40 is considered to be due to some force applied to the window 50, and the opening / closing detection of the window 50 is detected. It can be performed.

  Next, the installation of the detection optical fiber 40 in the storage tank 13 will be described. FIG. 4 shows a front view of the storage tank 13 in which the detection optical fiber 40 is laid. The circumferential surface of the storage tank 13 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape. In FIG. 4, the detection optical fiber 40 is laid so as to be spirally wound around the circumferential surface of the storage tank 13. Since the temperature change distribution is detected along the length direction of the detection optical fiber 40, the detection optical fiber 40 is laid as shown in FIG. A temperature change distribution can be acquired along the length direction of the tank 13. Thereby, the temperature change including the local temperature rise on the surface of the storage tank 13 can be detected.

  FIG. 5 shows a front view of the storage tank 13 in which the detection optical fibers 40 are laid in another pattern. As shown in this figure, the detection optical fiber 40 may be laid so as to change its position in the circumferential direction while reciprocating in the length direction of the storage tank 13. Even with such an arrangement of the detection optical fiber 40, the temperature change distribution in the circumferential direction and the length direction of the storage tank 13 can be acquired.

  Furthermore, the laying pattern of the detection optical fiber 40 in the storage tank 13 is not limited to these examples, and the detection optical fiber 40 only has to be laid at a location where the temperature detection of the storage tank 13 is necessary.

  The hydrogen production apparatus 11 has a plurality of tanks and heat exchangers, and by laying the detection optical fiber 40 so as to be along a location where temperature change measurement or strain measurement is necessary, hydrogen production is performed. Abnormality detection in the device 11 can be performed. Further, the compressor 12 can also detect an abnormality by laying the detection optical fiber 40 so as to be along a place where temperature change measurement or strain measurement is required.

  The hydrogen production apparatus 11, the compressor 12, and the storage tank 13 have a joint portion that is fixed by abutting steel materials or abutting sandwiching packings or the like. It is necessary to monitor the state of the joint part because there is a possibility of hydrogen leakage if the joint part is loosened. By laying the detection optical fiber 40 so as to straddle the joint portion, the relative movement of the steel materials in the joint portion can be detected. Thereby, abnormality detection in a joint part can be performed.

  The hydrogen production apparatus 11, the compressor 12, and the storage tank 13 have a joint portion in which steel materials are joined by welding or the like. If the joint part is peeled off due to thermal expansion or the like and opened, hydrogen may leak from the joint part, and such a joint part needs to be monitored. By laying the detection optical fiber 40 so as to straddle the joint, it is possible to detect that an opening is generated in the joint due to the detection of strain. Thereby, the abnormality detection in a junction part can be performed.

  Moreover, the optical fiber 40 for a detection can also be laid along the rolling direction with respect to the steel material which forms the hydrogen production apparatus 11, the compressor 12, and a storage tank. The steel material is deformed so as to be pulled in the rolling direction by thermal expansion, but by repeating this, a thinned portion is generated. Since hydrogen may leak due to the opening of the thinned portion of the steel material, it is necessary to monitor the portion where the thermal expansion of the steel material repeatedly occurs. By laying the detection member along the rolling direction of the steel material, it is possible to detect a portion where the steel material is thinned by detecting the strain. Thereby, the abnormality detection in steel materials can be performed.

  The monitoring panel 3233 installed in the office building 4 constantly monitors temperature changes in the storage tank 13 and abnormality detection in the hydrogen production apparatus 11 and the compressor 12. In the storage tank 13, when the temperature rises above a predetermined level, water is sprayed from the water spray head 24 through the water supply line to cool the storage tank 13. Further, when an abnormality is detected in the hydrogen production apparatus 11 or the compressor 12, these operations are stopped, a predetermined alarm is issued, or a notification is given to the outside.

  Next, laying of the detection optical fiber 40 in the window 50 will be described. In FIG. 6, the front view of the window 50 which laid the optical fiber 40 for a detection is shown. In the window 50, two shojis 52 are accommodated in a rectangular frame 51 installed in the opening of the building, and each shoji 52 can be moved in the horizontal direction within the frame 51. Thus, the shoji 52 can be opened and closed.

  In the window 50, the detection optical fiber 40 is laid along the lower part of the lower side of the frame 51. Thereby, the strain distribution in the length direction can be detected for the lower side of the frame 51. The lower side of the frame 51 is slightly deformed because it receives the weight of the shoji 52. When the shoji 52 is opened and closed, the position and size of the deformation that occurs on the lower side of the frame 51 changes. Therefore, this change can be detected by measuring the strain distribution in the length direction on the lower side of the frame 51. it can. Thereby, it can be detected that the shoji 52 is opened and closed.

  In addition, at the entrance / exit 55 of the office building 4, the detection optical fiber 40 can be laid along the lower part of the lower side of the frame to detect opening / closing. The laying position of the detection optical fiber 40 in the window 50 or the entrance / exit 55 may be an interlocking body that moves or deforms in conjunction with the opening / closing of the window 50 or the entrance / exit 55, such as the lower part of the lower side of the frame body. May be laid on the body.

  In the absence of a person entering or leaving the office building 4 such as outside the business hours of the hydrogen station, the monitoring panel 3233 monitors the opening and closing of the windows 50 and the entrances and exits. Issue an alarm or report to the outside.

  In this way, the detection optical fiber 40 capable of detecting temperature changes and strains is laid on each device, window 50 or entrance / exit 55 of the hydrogen station, so that abnormality detection and crime prevention monitoring are comprehensively performed within the hydrogen station. Therefore, various monitoring at the hydrogen station can be easily and centrally managed with simple equipment.

  Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the application of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be applied in various ways within the scope of the technical idea. For example, other devices or places in the hydrogen station can be added as monitoring targets using the detection optical fiber 40. In this embodiment, the Rayleigh scattered light is measured by the detector 34 and the temperature change and strain length distribution in the detection optical fiber 40 are detected. However, Brillouin scattered light or Raman scattered light is used. The distribution may be detected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Road 2 Bulkhead 3 Barrier 4 Office building 5 Hydrogen dispenser 6 Refueling equipment 10 Fuel tank 11 Hydrogen production apparatus 12 Compressor 13 Storage tank 20 Water storage tank 21 Pump 24 Water spray head 30 Fire detector 31 Start-up device 32 Monitoring board 33 Light source device 34 Detector 40 Optical fiber for detection 41 First spectroscope 42 Second spectroscope 50 Window 51 Frame 52 Shoji 55 Entrance / exit

Claims (5)

In the hydrogen station disaster prevention equipment with a storage tank for storing hydrogen,
Hydrogen having an optical fiber laid on the surface of the storage tank so as to be deformed together with the surface, and a detector for detecting temperature and strain distribution along the length direction of the optical fiber. Station disaster prevention equipment.   The detector makes light in an arbitrary wavelength range incident on the core of the optical fiber, and detects light reflected by the incident light on the incident side, whereby the temperature along the length direction of the optical fiber and 2. The disaster prevention equipment for a hydrogen station according to claim 1, wherein a strain distribution is detected.   The optical fiber is laid on an interlocking body that moves or deforms in conjunction with a window and / or entrance / exit of a building in which the detector is installed, and the detector detects opening / closing of the window and / or entrance / exit. The disaster prevention equipment for a hydrogen station according to claim 1 or 2.   The said optical fiber is laid in the hydrogen production apparatus and / or hydrogen compressor which are installed in the said hydrogen station, The disaster prevention equipment of the hydrogen station of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. The said optical fiber is laid in the compressor of hydrogen installed in the said hydrogen station, The disaster prevention equipment of the hydrogen station of any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
The said optical fiber is laid in the joint part which at least any one of the hydrogen production apparatus installed in the said hydrogen station, a compressor, and a storage tank has, It is any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. Disaster prevention facilities for the listed hydrogen station.

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