JP2017030224A - 三次元形状造形物の製造方法および三次元形状造形物 - Google Patents
三次元形状造形物の製造方法および三次元形状造形物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】(i)粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射して該所定箇所の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程、および(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、その新たな粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程によって粉末層形成および固化層形成を交互に繰り返して行う三次元形状造形物の製造方法が提供される。特に、本発明の製造方法においては、三次元形状造形物の内部に冷却媒体路を形成すると共に、三次元形状造形物の表面を凹凸状に形成し、冷却媒体路の輪郭面の一部と凹凸状の表面とを互いに同一形状にする。
【選択図】図1
Description
(i)粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射し、かかる所定箇所の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程。
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、同様に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程。
(i)粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射して当該所定箇所の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程、および
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、その新たな粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程
によって粉末層形成および固化層形成を交互に繰り返し行って三次元形状造形物を製造する方法であって、
三次元形状造形物の製造において、冷却媒体路を三次元形状造形物の内部に形成すると共に、三次元形状造形物の表面を凹凸状に形成し、また、
冷却媒体路の輪郭面の一部と凹凸状の表面とを互いに同一形状にすることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法が提供される。
三次元形状造形物の表面が凹凸状を有し、冷却媒体路の輪郭面の一部と凹凸状の表面とが互いに同一形状になっていることを特徴とする三次元形状造形物も提供される。
まず、本発明の製造方法の前提となる粉末焼結積層法について説明する。特に粉末焼結積層法において三次元形状造形物の切削処理を付加的に行う光造形複合加工を例として挙げる。図6は、光造形複合加工のプロセス態様を模式的に示しており、図7および図8は、粉末焼結積層法と切削処理とを実施できる光造形複合加工機1の主たる構成および動作のフローチャートをそれぞれ示している。
本発明の製造方法は、上述した粉末焼結積層法のうち、固化層の積層化に関連した態様に特徴を有している。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、三次元形状造形物の内部に形成する冷却媒体路の位置は、三次元形状造形物を金型として用いた際の“局所的な除熱”の観点から決めてよい。この点、本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、凹凸状の表面100Aのコーナー部分に冷却媒体路50を位置付けることが好ましい(図3(A)および3(B)参照)。より好ましくは、図3(A)に示されるように、「凹凸状に起因して形成される三次元形状造形物100の凸状局所部100Bの天面側コーナー部分100B’」に冷却媒体路50を位置付ける。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、冷却媒体路50の輪郭面50Aに微細形状を付与してもよい。具体的には、図4に示すように、冷却媒体路50の近位側輪郭面50A’において複数の微細陥部51’から成る微細形状51を形成してよい。このような微細形状51が形成されると近位側輪郭面50A’の表面積を大きくすることができ、冷却媒体路50からの伝熱がより効率的となる。かかる態様では、巨視的には近位側輪郭面50A’を凹凸状の表面100Aと同一形状にすることに加えて、微視的には近位側輪郭面50A’に「複数の微細陥部51’から成る微細形状51」を形成する。従って、冷却媒体路50からキャビティ形成面への伝熱をより均一かつ効率的にすることができ、三次元形状造形物が金型として使用される場合に最終的な成形品の形状精度の低下をより効果的に防止できる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、三次元形状造形物の内部において冷却媒体路の近位側輪郭面と三次元形状造形物の凹凸状の表面との間に伝熱部材を設けてよい。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、粉末焼結積層法以外の手法を組み合わせて固化層形成を行ってよい。つまり、粉末焼結積層法とそれ以外の固化層形成手法と組み合わせたハイブリッド方式で固化層形成を実施してよい。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法において、冷却媒体路は、その断面形状が延在方向に沿って相似変化するように設けてもよい。つまり、冷却媒体路の断面形状が冷却媒体路の延在方向において相似変化するように冷却媒体路を延在させてよい。特に本発明では、冷却媒体路の断面形状が延在方向に沿って相似変化する場合、任意の箇所における冷却媒体路の輪郭面の一部(好ましくは近位側輪郭面)と三次元形状造形物の凹凸状の表面との離隔距離を一定にすることが好ましい。ここでいう「任意の箇所」とは、具体的には延在方向に沿った冷却媒体路の任意の箇所を意味する。これによって、三次元形状造形物を金型として使用する場合、かかる任意の箇所における冷却媒体路の除熱効果をより均一にすることができる。
本発明の三次元形状造形物は上述の製造方法で得られるものである。従って、本発明の三次元形状造形物は、粉末層に対する光ビーム照射で形成される固化層が積層して構成されている。図1に示されるように、本発明の三次元形状造形物100は、その内部に冷却媒体路50を備えており、表面100Aが凹凸状を有すると共に、冷却媒体路50の輪郭面50Aの一部と凹凸状の表面100Aとが互いに同一形状になっている特徴を有している。かかる特徴に起因して、より適した除熱特性が呈され、特に三次元形状造形物100を金型として使用する場合、冷却媒体路50からキャビティ形成面への伝熱(冷却のための伝熱)がより均一となる。
24 固化層
50 冷却媒体路
50A 冷却媒体路の輪郭面
50A’ 近位側輪郭面
51 微細形状
51’ 微細陥部
100 三次元形状造形物
100A 三次元形状造形物の凹凸状の表面
100B 凸状局所部
100B’凸状局所部の天面側コーナー部分
L 光ビーム
Claims (7)
- (i)粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射して該所定箇所の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程、および
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、該新たな粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程
によって粉末層形成および固化層形成を交互に繰り返し行い三次元形状造形物を製造する方法であって、
前記三次元形状造形物の前記製造において、冷却媒体路を該三次元形状造形物の内部に形成すると共に、該三次元形状造形物の表面を凹凸状に形成し、また、
前記冷却媒体路の輪郭面の一部と前記凹凸状の前記表面とを互いに同一形状にすることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。 - 前記冷却媒体路の前記輪郭面のうち前記凹凸状の前記表面に対して近位側に位置する近位側輪郭面を前記凹凸状の前記表面と前記同一形状にすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記近位側輪郭面と前記凹凸状の前記表面との離隔距離を一定にすることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記近位側輪郭面において複数の微細陥部から成る微細形状を形成することを特徴とする、請求項2または3に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記近位側輪郭面において前記微細形状を少なくとも2種類含むように形成することを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記凹凸状に起因して形成される前記三次元形状造形物の凸状局所部の天面側コーナー部分に前記冷却媒体路を位置付けることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 冷却媒体路を内部に備えた三次元形状造形物であって、
前記三次元形状造形物の表面が凹凸状を有し、前記冷却媒体路の輪郭面の一部と前記凹凸状の前記表面とが互いに同一形状になっていることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物。
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