JP2016528892A - 体細胞の神経堤細胞への低分子による変換 - Google Patents
体細胞の神経堤細胞への低分子による変換 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、化学的に規定された培地による誘導段階の組み合わせに基づいて体細胞をマルチコンピテント神経堤細胞に分化させる方法に関する。神経堤細胞は、シュワン細胞、軟骨細胞、平滑筋細胞、または脂肪細胞などの多数の細胞タイプに分化することができる。
4つの重要な発生遺伝子、c-myc、Sox2、Oct4、およびKlf4の異所性発現によって体細胞を人工多能性幹細胞へとリプログラムするノーベル賞受賞方法は、任意の細胞タイプへと分化することができる患者特異的多能性細胞を得るための強力なツールである(Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006)。より最近では、異なる研究により、細胞タイプ特異的遺伝子もまた、1つの体細胞タイプを別の細胞タイプへと直接変換することができることが報告されており、このプロセスは細胞変換または分化転換として報告されている(Vierbuchen and Wernig, 2011)。このアプローチは、潜在的に腫瘍形成性の多能性細胞期を回避しながら、臨床および研究用の様々な定義された細胞を得るための有望な戦略である。
a)バルプロ酸を添加した培地中で体細胞を培養する段階、
b)段階(a)で得られた細胞を、N-{(3R,4R)-4-[4-(2-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシ-ベンゾイル)-ベンゾイルアミノ]-アゼパン-3-イル}-4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメチル-ベンズアミドを添加した無血清培地中で培養する段階、を含む、体細胞から神経堤細胞の方法が提供される。
現行の1つの細胞タイプからもう1つの細胞タイプへの直接変換プロトコールの効率は低い。これは、多くのプロトコールが、分裂が終了した細胞タイプ、例えば心筋細胞またはニューロンを得ることを試みているという事実に部分的による可能性がある。このため変換技法は、増殖の停止を含み、それによって収率および効率がいずれも減少する。加えて、非分裂細胞は、おそらく可塑性がより低いエピジェネティックランドスケープにより、リプログラミングなどの強制的な表現型の変化を受けにくいように思われる。本明細書において、細胞を遺伝子の導入によって遺伝子改変する必要なく、線維芽細胞などの体細胞をシュワン細胞(SC)に効率よく変換する新規2段階アプローチが提供される。第1の段階において、線維芽細胞は、分裂するSC前駆細胞集団である神経堤細胞(NCC)へとリプログラムされる。NCCを増殖させて、次に第2段階において、成熟SCへと分化させることができる。シュワン細胞のほかに、NCCは、軟骨細胞、平滑筋細胞、または脂肪細胞も生じることができる。
a)バルプロ酸を添加した培地中で体細胞を培養する段階、
b)段階(a)で得られた細胞を、N-{(3R,4R)-4-[4-(2-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシ-ベンゾイル)-ベンゾイルアミノ]-アゼパン-3-イル}-4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメチル-ベンズアミドを添加した無血清培地中で培養する段階
を含む、体細胞から神経堤細胞の方法が提供される。
SCC058包皮線維芽細胞(Millipore)を、低血清FibroGro(Millipore)中で37℃および5%CO2で培養した。変換のために、細胞7300個/cm2を1 mMバルプロ酸(VPA, Sigma)を含む線維芽細胞培地に播種した。次に、細胞を1 mM VPA、および6μg/mlポリブレン(Millipore)によって2日間処置した後、スフェア形成のためにNSC培地中で低接着プレートに移した。NSC培地は、ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン、bFGF(20 ng/ml)、EGF(20 ng/ml)、BDNF(20 ng/ml)、ヘパリン(2 μg/ml)、Dll4(500 ng/ml)、Jagged1(500 ng/ml)、SHH(500 ng/ml、peprotech)、アスコルビン酸(0.2 mM、Sigma)、FGF8a(100 ng/ml)、10%NSC-CM(ESC-NSCsによる条件培地)、および化合物B(2μM、Roche)を添加したNeuroCult NS-A増殖培地(StemCell Technologies)からなった。
融点PT(℃):180〜183℃
組織名:
[3R,4R]-N-{4-[4-(2-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシ-ベンゾイル)-ベンゾイルアミノ]-アゼプ+アン-3-イル}-4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメチル-ベンズアミド塩酸塩
キナーゼ選択性プロファイリングは、Caliper(Perkin Elmer)のProfilerProキナーゼキットを用いて製造元の説明書に従って行った。
全ての免疫蛍光染色に関して、細胞を4%PFAで15分間固定した。10%ロバ血清によってブロックした後、細胞を一次抗体によって終夜染色した。次に、細胞を洗浄して、Alexa 488、555、および647(Molecular Probes)にコンジュゲートした二次抗体によって染色した。核をヘキスト(Molecular Probes)によって染色した。一次抗体は、抗-Sox1(Santacruz, 1:250)、抗-ネスチン(Millipore、1:500)、抗-Sox10(Santacruz、1:200)、抗-Snail(Santacruz、1:100)、抗-FoxD3(Santacruz、1:100)、抗-AN2(Miltenyi、1:20)、抗- Plp(abcam、1:75)、抗-GalC(Millipore、1:100)、抗-S100B(abcam、1:20)、抗-MBP(Sigma、1:100)、抗-ABCA2(santacruz、1:200)、抗-Map2ab(Sigma、1:800)、抗-GFAP(DAKO、1:500)、ミエリン染色(Molecular probes)、および抗-SMA(Dako、1:100)であった。細胞を、Zeiss倒立顕微鏡を用いて撮像して、画像を、ImageJソフトウェアを用いて分析した。PlpおよびMap2染色の定量は、OperettaイメージングシステムおよびHarmony画像分析ソフトウェア(Perkin Elmer)を用いて行った。
18日目に、細胞をAccutaseによって剥離させた後、条件培地中で37℃、5%CO2で2時間インキュベートして、表面抗原を再度発現させた。細胞を、一次抗体抗CD29-PE(BD Bioscience)、抗CD271-APC(Miltenyi)、または対応するアイソタイプ対照(BD Bioscience)を含むMACSランニング緩衝液(Miltenyi)中で4℃で10分間染色した後、PBSで洗浄した後、2%PFAによって1時間固定した後、PBS中で4℃で保存した。フローサイトメトリーは、BD FACS Cantorを用いて行い、データをFlowJoソフトウェアによって分析した。
総RNA抽出に関して、1.4 mmセラミックビーズおよびQIAzol溶解試薬を予め充填したチューブ中で、FastPrep-24機器(MP Biomedicals)およびDNアーゼ処理を行うQiagen miRNeasyミニキット(Qiagen)を用いて細胞をホモジナイズした。RNAの品質評価および定量は、Agilent 2100バイオアナライザ(Agilent Technologies)においてマイクロフルイディックチップ分析を用いて行った。Biomek FXpワークステーション(Beckman Coulter)において、総RNA 10 ngを、NuGen Ovation Pico WTA Systems V2を用いて逆転写した後に断片化して、NuGen Encore Biotinモジュール(NuGEN Technologies)によって3'-ビオチン標識を行った。断片化したcDNA 4.4 μgを、Affymetrix HG-U133_plus_2マイクロアレイにおいて45℃および65 rpmで16時間ハイブリダイズさせた後、洗浄して、染色し、GeneChip Fluidics 450ステーションおよびGeneChip Scanner 3000(Affymetrix)で走査した。Affymetrixのプローブ強度を、ロバストなマルチアレイ分析(RMA)、分位数正規化によるバックグラウンド補正、およびPartek Genomics Suite 6.6ソフトウェア(Partek)において実行されるメディアンポリッシュプローブセット要約に供した。プローブセットの遺伝子名を、PartekおよびNetAffyx(Affymetrix)を用いて同定した。BROAD Instituteのアルゴリズムに基づいて、遺伝子セット濃縮分析をデータに適用した。生物学的プロセスおよびシグナル伝達経路を、GOタームおよびReactome/RONETに基づく遺伝子セットを用いて同定した。Cytoscapeプラグイン濃縮マップを用いて、有意性閾値を超えるGSEA結果を可視化した(p値<0.005、偽発見率<0.1)。遺伝子発現ヒートマップを、Tibco Spotfire 3.1.0(Tibco Software)を用いて作製した。
化合物Bは、神経幹細胞の増殖を選択的に促進するが、間葉幹細胞に対して効果を示さないことが示された(図1A)。化合物Bが線維芽細胞においてNC前駆細胞期を誘導することができるか否かを分析するために、スフェア形成アッセイを行った。このアッセイは、多数の研究において、様々な組織から幹細胞特徴を有する細胞を同定および選択するために用いられている(Dontu et al, 2003; Seaberg et al, 2004; Toma et al, 2001; Tropepe, 2000)。化合物B処置によって、スフェアサイズおよび総細胞数がいずれも有意に増加した(図1B)。キナーゼプロファイリング(図1C)により、主要な標的AMPK、PKA、MSK1、SGK1、ROCK2、およびPKGaに対する効率的なマルチキナーゼ阻害剤(80%を超える阻害)として化合物Bが同定された。化合物B処置により増加したスフェア形成能が、これらの標的の1つまたは組み合わせの阻害によって媒介されたか否かを試験するために、スフェア形成に及ぼす特異的な単一キナーゼ阻害剤の効果を試験した。化合物B処置のみが、浮遊培養中の総細胞数を有意に増加させた。その上、平均スフェアサイズもまた、化合物B処置で最大であった(図1D)。興味深いことに、単一キナーゼ阻害剤を組み合わせても、化合物Bほど細胞数を増加させず、スフェアサイズは対照と比較してわずかに減少すら起こった。
近年、体細胞のリプログラミングまたは分化転換を報告する多数の試験から、たとえ最終分化細胞においても一定の可塑性を誘発することができること、および他の無関係な細胞タイプへの移行がなおも起こりうることが示されている。このことは、例えば神経細胞タイプのようにアクセスすることができない、またはアクセスすることが非常に難しい臨床または研究に関連する細胞を得る新しい機会を与える。しかし、現在の細胞変換プロトコールは、一般的に、規定の遺伝子の異所性発現を必要とする。これによって、望ましくないまたは予想されない様式で後の応用に影響を及ぼしうるリプログラム細胞の遺伝子改変が起こる。
Claims (23)
- a)バルプロ酸を添加した培地中で体細胞を培養する段階、
b)段階(a)で得られた細胞を、N-{(3R,4R)-4-[4-(2-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシ-ベンゾイル)-ベンゾイルアミノ]-アゼパン-3-イル}-4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメチル-ベンズアミドを添加した無血清培地中で培養する段階
を含む、体細胞から神経堤細胞を産生する方法。 - 体細胞または段階(a)で得られた細胞を遺伝子の導入によって遺伝子改変する段階を含まない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 段階b)が浮遊培養で細胞を培養する段階を含む、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 段階b)の無血清培地に、骨形成タンパク質(BMP)の阻害剤が添加される、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- BMPの阻害剤がノギンである、請求項4記載の方法。
- 段階b)の無血清培地に、トランスフォーミング増殖因子β(TGFβ)の低分子阻害剤が添加される、請求項1から5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- TGFβの低分子阻害剤がSB431542である、請求項6記載の方法。
- 段階b)の無血清培地に、グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ3(GSK3β)の低分子阻害剤が添加される、請求項1から7のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- GSK3βの阻害剤が、3-(3-アミノ-フェニル)-4-(1-メチル-1H-インドル-3-イル)-ピロール-2,5-ジオンである、請求項8記載の方法。
- 段階a)が、細胞を2日間培養する段階を含む、請求項1から9のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 段階b)が、細胞を7日間培養する段階を含む、請求項1から10のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 体細胞が線維芽細胞である、請求項1から11のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 体細胞がヒト細胞である、請求項1から12のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 体細胞が、神経疾患に罹患した対象から得られる、請求項1から13のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 前記請求項のいずれか1項に記載の方法によって得られる神経堤細胞。
- c)シュワン細胞、軟骨細胞、平滑筋細胞、または脂肪細胞の群から選択される分化した細胞への神経堤細胞の分化に適した条件下で、段階b)の産物をインキュベートする段階
をさらに含む、請求項1から14のいずれか1項記載の方法。 - 請求項16記載の方法によって得られたシュワン細胞、軟骨細胞、平滑筋細胞、または脂肪細胞。
- 請求項15記載の神経堤細胞、または請求項17記載の分化したシュワン細胞、軟骨細胞、平滑筋細胞、もしくは脂肪細胞のバイオバンク。
- 神経疾患のインビトロモデルとしての、請求項15もしくは17に記載の細胞または請求項18記載のバイオバンクの使用。
- 請求項15もしくは17記載の細胞または請求項18記載のバイオバンクを含む治療組成物。
- 体細胞から神経堤細胞を産生する方法におけるN-{(3R,4R)-4-[4-(2-フルオロ-6-ヒドロキシ-3-メトキシ-ベンゾイル)-ベンゾイルアミノ]-アゼパン-3-イル}-4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジメチル-ベンズアミドの使用。
- 体細胞から神経堤細胞を産生する方法における3-(3-アミノ-フェニル)-4-(1-メチル-1H-インドル-3-イル)-ピロール-2,5-ジオンの使用。
- 本明細書において本質的に記述される方法および使用。
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Cited By (2)
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WO2018225868A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-10 | 2018-12-13 | 株式会社 島津製作所 | iPS細胞の遺伝子発現プロファイルによる軟骨細胞への分化能予測方法 |
JPWO2018225868A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-10 | 2020-04-09 | 株式会社島津製作所 | iPS細胞の遺伝子発現プロファイルによる軟骨細胞への分化能予測方法 |
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HK1222414A1 (zh) | 2017-06-30 |
CA2914520A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
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KR20160033703A (ko) | 2016-03-28 |
EP3024928A1 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
JP6474806B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 |
CN105392881A (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
BR112015032235A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
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MX2016000557A (es) | 2016-04-20 |
US10724000B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 |
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