JP2016528423A - 選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム - Google Patents
選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammeline Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(O)=N1 MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediimine Chemical compound N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
選択的触媒還元システムは、触媒が内部に設けられた反応器に排気ガスと還元剤とを共に通過させながら、排気ガスに含有された窒素酸化物と還元剤とを反応させることで、窒素と水蒸気とに還元する処理を行う。
前記アンモニア噴射部は、前記ウレア噴射部より相対的に前記反応器側に隣接して位置することができる。
前記浄化動作状態であるとき、前記アンモニア供給バルブ及び前記ウレア供給バルブのうちの少なくとも1つが開放され、前記再生動作状態であるとき、前記アンモニア供給バルブ及び前記ウレア供給バルブが遮断される。
前記加熱装置としてバーナ(burner)が使用され、上述した選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システムは、前記加熱装置に外気を供給し得るように前記多機能流路に連結された外気供給流路をさらに備えることができる。
また、前記多機能流路上に設けられたブロワをさらに備えることができる。
図1に示されるように、本実施形態に係る選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム101は、メイン排気流路210、反応器100、迂回排気流路220、アンモニア噴射部460、加水分解チャンバ510、アンモニア供給流路260、分岐流路230、再循環流路240、及び多機能流路250を備えている。
メイン排気流路210は、窒素酸化物(NOx)を含有した排気ガスが移動する通路である。例えば、ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼過程で発生した排ガスがメイン排気流路210を通過する。なお、ディーゼルエンジンとしては、船舶に採用される低速又は中速のディーゼルエンジンが挙げられる。
また、本実施形態において、アンモニア噴射部460は、アンモニアに加え、イソシアン酸(HNCO)を共に噴射することができる。イソシアン酸は、高温の環境下でアンモニアに分解される。
分岐流路230は、反応器100の前方のメイン排気流路210から分岐される。また、再循環流路240は、反応器100の後方のメイン排気流路210から分岐され、分岐流路230に合流する。
このように、本実施形態によれば、反応器100を経ていない排気ガスが、分岐流路230と多機能流路250を経て加水分解チャンバ510に流入されることができる。即ち、反応器100を経ていない排気ガスが、相対的に高温であるとき、排気ガスを、分岐流路230と多機能流路250を介して加水分解チャンバ510に供給し、排気ガスが有する熱エネルギを、加水分解チャンバ510におけるウレアの加水分解に活用することが可能である。
加熱装置550は、多機能流路250上に設けられ、多機能流路250を流れる流体を昇温させる。本実施形態において、加熱装置550は、バーナ(burner)であることができる。具体的には、加熱装置550が、燃料供給装置、加熱温度制御のために供給燃料量を制御する制御装置、および安定装置などを備えていてもよい。
また、加熱装置550は、プラズマ(plasma)を用いて性能を向上させたプラズマバーナを用いてもよい。
ブロワ560は、多機能流路250上に設けられる。ブロワ560は、多機能流路250を通過する流体に動力を提供する。即ち、ブロワ560は、排気ガスが分岐流路230と多機能流路250を介して加水分解チャンバ510に流入されるように動力を提供し、又は、排気ガスが、再循環流路240と多機能流路250を介して循環するように動力を提供することができる。
また、アンモニア供給バルブ360はチャンバ連結流路280上に設けられ、ウレア供給バルブ370はウレア供給流路270上に設けられる。
また、外気供給バルブ390は、外気供給流路290上に設けられる。
また、第1のメイン排気バルブ311及び分岐バルブ340は、1つの三方バルブを介して一体化することもできる。
さらに、分岐バルブ330と再循環バルブ340とを三方バルブを介して一体化することができ、分岐バルブ330、再循環バルブ340、及び外気供給バルブ390を四方バルブを介して一体化することもできる。
本実施形態に係る選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム101は、浄化動作状態又は再生動作状態のうちのいずれかの動作状態に区分して動作する。
本実施形態に係る選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム101は、浄化動作状態又は再生動作状態に区分して動作する。
しかし、本実施形態において、第1の設定温度、第2の設定温度、及び第3の設定温度の範囲は、使用環境によって変化される。
この時、ブロワ560は、分岐流路230と多機能流路250を流れる排気ガスに動力を提供する。
また、加熱装置550としてバーナが使用される場合、燃焼に必要な酸素を加熱装置550に供給するため、外気供給流路290に設けられた外気供給バルブ390の一部又は全部が開放される。
再生動作状態とは、反応器100の内部に設けられた触媒が被毒されると、これを再生させる動作を行う状態である。
図5は、再生動作状態を示している。図5に示されるように、被毒された触媒を再生する再生動作状態においては、第1のメイン排気バルブ311、第2のメイン排気バルブ312、及び分岐バルブ330が遮断される。また、迂回排気バルブ320及び再循環バルブ340が開放される。
そして、加熱装置550が、閉ループを循環する流体、即ち、反応器100を経た排気ガスを加熱して昇温させる。このように、本発明の一実施形態によれば、閉ループを循環する排気ガスを昇温させているため、加熱装置550は、少量の燃料消費で効率良く排気ガスの温度を高めることができる。また、昇温された排気ガスは、被毒された触媒に熱エネルギが提供され、被毒物質が除去される。
この時、センサを用いて閉ループにおける酸素濃度をモニタリングし、これにより、外気供給バルブ90を制御することで、閉ループにおける酸素濃度を一定に維持することができる。
101 選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム
210 メイン排気流路
220 迂回排気流路
230 分岐流路
240 再循環流路
260 アンモニア供給流路
270 ウレア供給流路
280 チャンバ連結流路
290 外気供給流路
311 第1のメイン排気バルブ
312 第2のメイン排気バルブ
320 迂回排気バルブ
330 分岐バルブ
340 再循環バルブ
360 アンモニア供給バルブ
370 ウレア供給バルブ
390 外気供給バルブ
460 アンモニア噴射部
470 ウレア噴射部
510 加水分解チャンバ
520 ウレア供給部
530 ウレア貯蔵部
550 加熱装置
560 ブロワ
580 エアフィルタ
Claims (16)
- 窒素酸化物(NOx)を含有した排気ガスが移動するメイン排気流路と、
該メイン排気流路上に設けられ、排気ガスの窒素酸化物(NOx)を低減させるための触媒を有する反応器と、
前記メイン排気流路から分岐され、前記反応器を迂回した後、再度前記メイン排気流路に合流する迂回排気流路と、
前記メイン排気流路上に設けられ、前記反応器に流入する排気ガスにアンモニア(NH3)を噴射するアンモニア噴射部と、
ウレアを提供され、前記アンモニア噴射部に供給するアンモニアを生成する加水分解チャンバと、
前記アンモニア噴射部と前記加水分解チャンバとを連結するアンモニア供給流路と、
前記反応器の前方の前記メイン排気流路から分岐された分岐流路と、
前記反応器の後方の前記メイン排気流路から分岐され、前記分岐流路に合流する再循環流路と、
前記分岐流路及び前記再循環流路の合流地点と、前記加水分解チャンバとを連結する多機能流路とを備える選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記分岐流路の分岐地点と前記ウレア噴射部との間の前記メイン排気流路上に設けられた第1のメイン排気バルブと、
前記再循環流路の分岐地点と前記迂回排気流路の合流地点との間の前記メイン排気流路上に設けられた第2のメイン排気バルブと、
前記迂回排気流路に設けられた迂回排気バルブと、
前記分岐流路に設けられた分岐バルブと、
前記再循環流路に設けられた再循環バルブとをさらに備え、
前記第1のメイン排気バルブ、前記第2のメイン排気バルブ、前記迂回排気バルブ、前記分岐バルブ、及び前記再循環バルブは、浄化動作状態又は再生動作状態のうちのいずれか1つの状態に区分して動作する請求項1に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記浄化動作状態であるときに、前記第1のメイン排気バルブ及び前記第2のメイン排気バルブが開放され、前記迂回排気バルブ及び前記再循環バルブが遮断され、
前記再生動作状態であるときに、前記第1のメイン排気バルブ及び前記第2のメイン排気バルブが遮断され、前記迂回排気バルブ及び前記再循環バルブが開放される請求項2に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記加水分解チャンバにウレアを供給するウレア供給部と、
該ウレア供給部と前記加水分解チャンバとを連結するチャンバ連結流路とをさらに備える請求項2に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記メイン排気流路上に設けられ、前記反応器に流入する排気ガスにウレアを噴射するウレア噴射部と、
前記ウレア供給部と前記ウレア噴射部とを直接連結するウレア供給流路とをさらに備える請求項4に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記アンモニア噴射部は、前記ウレア噴射部より相対的に前記反応器側に隣接して位置する請求項5に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。
- 前記チャンバ連結流路上に設けられたアンモニア供給バルブと、
前記ウレア供給流路上に設けられたウレア供給バルブとをさらに備える請求項5に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記浄化動作状態であるときに、前記アンモニア供給バルブ及び前記ウレア供給バルブのうちの少なくとも1つが開放され、
前記再生動作状態であるときに、前記アンモニア供給バルブ及び前記ウレア供給バルブが遮断される請求項7に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記浄化動作状態において、前記メイン排気流路を介して前記反応器に流入する排気ガスの温度が第1の設定温度であるときに、
前記分岐バルブ及び前記アンモニア供給バルブが開放され、前記ウレア供給バルブが遮断されることで、前記メイン排気流路にアンモニアが噴射される請求項8に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記浄化動作状態において、前記メイン排気流路を介して前記反応器に流入する排気ガスの温度が第2の設定温度であるときに、
前記分岐バルブ、前記アンモニア供給バルブ、及び前記ウレア供給バルブが開放されることで、前記メイン排気流路にアンモニア及びウレアが共に噴射される請求項8に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記浄化動作状態において、前記メイン排気流路を介して前記反応器に流入する排気ガスの温度が第3の設定温度であるときに、
前記分岐バルブ及び前記アンモニア供給バルブが遮断され、前記ウレア供給バルブが開放されることで、前記メイン排気流路にウレアが噴射される請求項8に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記多機能流路上に設けられ、前記多機能流路を流れる流体を昇温させる加熱装置をさらに備える請求項1から請求項11のいずれかに記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。
- 前記加熱装置としてバーナが使用され、
前記加熱装置に外気を供給し得るように前記多機能流路に連結された外気供給流路をさらに備える請求項12に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記外気供給流路上に設けられた外気供給バルブをさらに備え、
前記加熱装置が稼動されると、前記外気供給バルブが開放される請求項13に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。 - 前記外気供給流路上に設けられたエアフィルタをさらに備える請求項13に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。
- 前記多機能流路上に設けられたブロワをさらに備える請求項12に記載の選択的触媒還元及び触媒再生システム。
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US20160131000A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
EP3015670A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
US9482130B2 (en) | 2016-11-01 |
DK3015670T3 (da) | 2020-05-04 |
JP6305528B2 (ja) | 2018-04-04 |
KR101445038B1 (ko) | 2014-09-26 |
WO2014208839A1 (ko) | 2014-12-31 |
SG11201510694SA (en) | 2016-01-28 |
EP3015670A4 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
CN105339620A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
CN105339620B (zh) | 2018-07-27 |
EP3015670B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
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