JP2016516991A - 動物用飼料の分析のためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
動物用飼料の分析のためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016516991A JP2016516991A JP2016500234A JP2016500234A JP2016516991A JP 2016516991 A JP2016516991 A JP 2016516991A JP 2016500234 A JP2016500234 A JP 2016500234A JP 2016500234 A JP2016500234 A JP 2016500234A JP 2016516991 A JP2016516991 A JP 2016516991A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、PCT国際特許出願として2014年2月11日に出願される予定であり、2013年3月15日に出願された米国特許出願第61/787,842および2013年12月17日に出願された米国特許出願第14/109,359に対する優先権を主張するものであり、なお、当該特許出願の開示は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
本明細書において使用される場合、用語w/w(重量/重量)は、重量ベースでの、組成物中の所定の物質の量を意味する。例えば、0.02w/w%の食物飼料サプリメントを含む動物用飼料は、食餌飼料サプリメントの質量が、動物用飼料の総質量の0.02%である(例えば、907,200グラムの動物用飼料中に本発明の食物飼料サプリメント200グラム)ことを意味する。
本発明は、動物用飼料を分析するためのシステムおよび方法に関する。特に、本開示は、栄養素およびエネルギー源の代謝について動物用飼料を分析するための、インビトロのシステムおよび方法に関する。
したがって、いくつかの実施形態において、本開示のシステムおよび方法は、以下の工程:a)インビトロモデルを使用して飼料を消化させる工程;b)収集した乾燥物を分光法(例えば、NIR)を用いて分析する工程;ならびにc)説明したデータベース/モデルを使用して、スペクトルピークを識別および定量化する工程、を実施する。本明細書において説明されるシステムおよび方法は、大規模な解析的分析を行うことなく、動物用飼料に対する迅速で正確な解析を可能にする。いくつかの実施形態において、結果は、所定の飼料配合物の消化率に対する特定の酵素(例えば、消化酵素)の影響を予測するために使用される。
本開示は、任意の数の動物用飼料の分析において適用可能であり、特定の飼料の分析に限定されない。動物用飼料は、特に、家畜(例えば、ウシ、ヤギ、ヒツジ、ウマ、家禽、バッファロー、アルパカ、ラマ、ロバ、ラバ、ウサギ、およびブタなど)に給餌するために使用される任意の食物である。動物用飼料は、多くの場合、干し草、わら、生牧草、偏平化されたペレット状飼料、油および混合糧食、酵素、発芽穀物、およびマメ類を含む。世界的動物用飼料産業は、約2%の年間成長率において、2006年に6億3500万トンの餌料を消費した。人間の食料ではなく飼料の栽培のための農地の使用は、議論の的になり得るが、いくつかのタイプの飼料、例えば、トウモロコシ(メイズ)など、は、人間の食料としての役割も果たし得るが、その一方で、他のもの、例えば草など、は果たし得ない。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明は、動物用飼料の分析のためのシステムを提供する。いくつかの実施形態において、システムは、インビトロ消化を実施するため、スペクトルデータを得るため、およびスペクトルデータを解析して動物用飼料の消化に対する飼料添加剤の影響を特定するために、有用な、必要な、もしくは十分な構成要素を含む。
以下の実施例は、本発明のある特定の好ましい実施形態および態様を実証し、さらに詳しく例示するために提供されるのであって、本発明の範囲の限定として解釈されるべきではない。
リン酸および糖放出に対するブタのインビトロモデル
参考文献:Boisen S.,A multienzyme assay for pigs,Chapter 10,A Model for Feed Evaluation Based on Invitro Digestible Dry Matter and Protein,Invitro Digestion for Pig and Poultry, 1990,M.F.Fuller。
A.0.2MのHCl
B.4MのHCl
C.2MのHCl
D.0.6MのNaOH:24gの水酸化ナトリウム(Fisher S318)を900mlの脱イオン水に溶解させて1Lの最終体積にした。
E.Sigma製のペプシン(P7012):−20℃で保存。
F.Sigma製のパンクレアチン(P3292):−20℃で保存
G.15%のトリクロロ酢酸(TCA):15gのトリクロロ酢酸(Sigma T6399)を脱イオン水で100mlの体積まで希釈する
H.0.1Mの酢酸緩衝液、pH6.0
a.8.203gの酢酸ナトリウム(Fisher S210)を900mlの脱イオン水に溶解させる
b.1MのHCLによってpH6.0に調節し、脱イオン水により1Lの体積にする
I.0.2Mの酢酸緩衝液、pH6.8
a.16.406gの酢酸ナトリウム(Fisher S210)を900mlの脱イオン水に溶解させる
b.脱イオン水によってpH6.8に調節して1Lの体積にする
J.着色試薬(新たに作成)
a.3体積の1Mの硫酸酸
i.メスフラスコにおいて、5.52mlの濃硫酸(18.1M)(S6014)を90mlの脱イオン水に加えて100mlの最終体積にする
1.40mLの5Nの硫酸酸を60mLの脱イオン水に加える
b.1体積の2.5%(w/v)のモリブデン酸アンモニウム
i.2.65gのモリブデン酸アンモニウム四水和物(Sigma A7302)を80mlの脱イオン水に溶解させて100mlの最終体積にする
c.1体積の10%(w/v)のアスコルビン酸
i.10gのアスコルビン酸(Fisher BP351)を80mlの脱イオン水に溶解させ、100mlの最終体積にする
K.DNS溶液:暗色瓶において保存−6ヶ月において良好
a.10gのジニトロサリチル酸(Sigma D0550)を400mlに溶解させる
b.16gのNaOH(Fisher S318)を150mlの脱イオン水に溶解させる
c.撹拌しながら、NaOH溶液をゆっくりとジニトロサリチル酸溶液に加える
d.すべての固体が溶解するまで50℃の水浴に位置する
e.撹拌しながら、300gの酒石酸カリウムナトリウム四水和物(Sigma 217255)を加える
f.脱イオン水により1Lの体積にする
L.デキストロース標準物質:1gのデキストロース(Fisher D16)を脱イオン水で希釈して100mlの体積にする。このストック溶液から、以下のデキストロースの希釈を行う
a.1.22gのKH2PO4(Fisher Sp361)を800mlの脱イオン水に溶解させて、1Lの最終体積にする
N.ホスフェート標準物質:9mMのホスフェートストック溶液により以下のホスフェートの希釈を行う
SSF抽出
1.キャップ付きの125mL瓶において、1gのSSF−ふすまを100mLの脱イオン水に加える
2.250で1時間振とうする
3.希釈
a.1:500(1mLのSSF/4mLの0.1Mの酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液)、次いで1:5000(1mLの1:500ミックス/9mLの緩衝液)
1.飼料を磨り潰して、1×1mmの篩を通す。
2.2gの試料を250mlフラスコに装入する
a.50分間SSFを抽出し、50mlの0.1Mの酢酸ナトリウム溶液を加え、撹拌しながらゆっくりと20mlの0.2MのHClを加える
b.飼料に酵素が含まれない場合、1mlの酵素+49mlの酢酸ナトリウムを加える
3.4MのHCl(約10滴)によりpH3に調節し、次いで2MのHCl(約10滴)によりpH2に調節する
4.2mlのペプシン溶液(10mgのペプシン/1mlの脱イオン水、新たに作製)および1.0mlのクロラムフェニコール溶液(5mgのクロラムフェニコール(Sigma C0378)/1mlのアルコール、新たに作製)を加える
a.実施例:ペプシン=130mg/13mLの脱イオン水(6フラスコ+1mL過剰)
b.実施例:クロラムフェニコール=32.5mg/6.5mLのアルコール(6フラスコ+0.5m過剰)
5.フラスコにカバーをして、溶液を撹拌し、39℃の撹拌した水浴(55RPM)に6時間位置する(重量を利用してフラスコが浮遊しないようにする)
a.良好な混合を確保するために毎時間フラスコをよく撹拌する
1.20mlの0.2Mの酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液および10mLの0.6MのNaOHを加える(撹拌しながらゆっくりと加える)
2.0.6MのNaOH(20〜25滴)によってpH6.8に調節する
3.2mLのパンクレアチン溶液(50mg/1mlの脱イオン水+2mL過剰;撹拌棒によりビーカーにおいて混合、新たに作製)を加える
4.溶液を撹拌し、39℃の撹拌した(55RPM)水浴に18時間入れる
5.溶液を撹拌し、Falcon遠心分離機管に注ぎ入れ、14000gで20分にわたって遠心分離する
参考文献:Kim T.W.,Lei X.G.(2005),An Improved Method for a Rapid Determination of Phytase in Animal Feed,J.Animal science,83:1062−1067
1.インキュベート後、遠心分離が完了する直前にピペットにより1mlの15%のTCA停止溶液を1mlの上澄みに加え(デュブリケートを使用)、次いで管をボルテックスする
2.当該管を2,000xgで10分間遠心分離する
a.この間に着色試薬が調製され得る
3.清浄な試験管において、0.2mlの上澄みを1.8mlのナノピュア水(18MΩ・cm)と混合する。さらに0.2mlの各リン酸標準物質を1.8mlのナノピュア水に加え、ボルテックスする。上澄みを加える一方で、管に加える前のそれぞれの1試料を燃焼させる。
4.2.0mlの新鮮な着色試薬をすべての管に加え、よくボルテックスする。
5.すべての試料を水浴において50℃で15分間インキュベートする。
6.すべての試料を室温に戻させる。室温水浴(20〜25℃)に温度計を位置する。
7.820nmでの吸光度を読み取る。
a.吸光度の平均を標準物質と比較し、mgリン酸/kg飼料を算出する。
b.結果を計算する際に忘れずに希釈を考慮する
参考文献:Miller(1959),Use of Dintrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar,Anal.Chem.31,426−428
1.必要であれば1mlの上澄みを脱イオン水で希釈する
2.ガラス試験管において、1mlの希釈した上澄みを1mlの水に加える(デュブリケートを使用)
3.ガラス試験管において、ピペットにより1mlの各デキストロース標準溶液を1ml水の水に加える
4.3mlのDNS溶液を各試験管に加え、すぐにボルテックスし、沸騰した熱浴に5分間位置する
5.沸騰させた試験管を氷浴に約2〜3分間位置して当該試験管を室温に冷やす。室温水浴(20〜25℃)に温度計を位置する。
6.540nmにおいて吸光度を読み取る
a.吸光度の平均を標準物質と比較し、g還元糖/kg飼料を算出する
b.結果を計算する際に忘れずに希釈を考慮する
1.希釈倍率を決定する
2.脱イオン水において1:100(1g/100ml)希釈する
3.ペプトン瓶において60分間混合する(RT、250RPM)
4.15ml管において希釈を続ける
5.工程1.3を参照する
Claims (9)
- 以下の工程:
a)少なくとも1種の残留成分を含む消化された動物用飼料を作製するために、動物用飼料の試料をインビトロにおいて少なくとも1種の消化酵素を用いて消化する工程と;
b)スペクトルデータを作成するために、前記消化された動物用飼料をNIR分光法を用いてスキャンする工程と;
c)該スペクトルデータを、該消化された動物用飼料の該少なくとも1種の残留成分の予測濃度を作成するためのコンピュータモデルと比較する工程と、
を含む、動物用飼料を分析するための方法。 - 前記少なくとも1種の消化された酵素が、ペプシン若しくはパンクレアチン、またはその両方である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 動物用飼料の前記試料を消化する工程がさらに、前記消化された試料を乾燥物部分と液体部分とに分離する工程を含み、前記消化された動物用飼料をスキャンする工程が、該乾燥物部分をスキャンする工程を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥物部分が、該乾燥物部分をスキャンする前に乾燥される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1種の残留成分が、タンパク質、リン、総エネルギー、および炭水化物からなる群より選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 動物用飼料の前記試料が添加剤を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記添加剤が酵素を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- さらに、前記添加剤を含む消化された動物用飼料の前記試料中の前記少なくとも1種の残留成分の前記予測濃度を、該添加剤を含まない該消化された動物用飼料の試料中の該少なくとも1種の残留成分の予測濃度と比較することによって、動物用飼料の消化率に対する該添加剤の効果を特定する工程を含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記スペクトルデータが、前記消化された試料からのスペクトルデータを受け取る工程と、該スペクトルデータを前記コンピュータモデルと比較することにより前記少なくとも1種の残留成分の前記予測濃度を得る工程とを含むコンピュータ実装方法を使用して比較される、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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EP3623810A1 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-18 | Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique | Serum color as biomarker of digestive efficiency of poultry |
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CN111175166A (zh) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-05-19 | 华南农业大学 | 一种用于测定鸭饲料养分利用率的体外仿生消化方法 |
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CN111631299A (zh) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-09-08 | 巴马中发科创健康科技有限公司 | 一种蛋鸡饲料、蛋鸡饲养方法及饲养系统 |
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