JP2016160106A - Granular fertilizer composition and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Granular fertilizer composition and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、粒硬度が高いため粉体発生量が少なく、保管中の固結性の低い粒状肥料組成物およびその製造方法に関するものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer composition having a low grain yield due to high grain hardness and low caking property during storage, and a method for producing the same.
鶏ふん燃焼灰などの畜ふん燃焼灰は、リン、カリウム等の肥効成分を含むため、肥料原料として有用である。しかし、畜ふん燃焼灰は、軽くて空中に舞いやすい粉状あるいは細粒形状であるため取扱いにくい。特に広大な農地での施肥においては機械散布が主流であるため、軽くて空中に舞いやすい形状は、肥料として必須用件である到達飛距離を長くてかつ均一に施肥することには適さない。均一な施肥は、ばらつきなく植物が生育するためには重要である。 Livestock manure ash such as chicken manure ash is useful as a fertilizer material because it contains fertilizers such as phosphorus and potassium. However, animal manure ash is difficult to handle because it is light and powdery or fine-grained so that it can easily fly in the air. In particular, in the fertilization in a vast farmland, machine spraying is the mainstream, so the light and easy-to-float shape is not suitable for uniform and long fertility, which is an essential requirement for fertilizer. Uniform fertilization is important for plant growth without variation.
そこで、これら課題を克服すべく粉状肥料を造粒し、粒径を２〜４ｍｍ程度に加工することで肥料として取扱い性を向上させることが検討されている。例えば、鶏ふん焼成灰などの粉状肥料を湿潤化させて、動植物性有機物質、賦型剤および油性物質を加えた後、必要に応じ水あるいは水蒸気で水分を加え、造粒した粒状肥料（特許文献１）が提案されている。また、肥料組成物として湿潤させた鶏ふん燃焼灰に、副産りん酸肥料、副産複合肥料ならびにベントナイト、木質泥炭などの粒状化促進材を配合混練して造粒した粒状肥料（特許文献２）が提案されている。また、造粒促進材を含まない肥料として、鶏ふん燃焼灰とパームやし燃焼灰との混合物に水を加えて造粒した粒状肥料（特許文献３）があり、水を含まない粒状肥料としては、畜ふん燃焼灰と、腐植酸、腐植酸塩、畜ふん炭化物、及び若年炭から選ばれた一種又は二種以上とを含有し、石灰、珪石、粘土などの各種資材を混合して造粒した粒状肥料（特許文献４）が提案されている。その他、粒状肥料の造粒方法として、加圧成形法では、鶏ふん燃焼灰のアルカリ性を完全に中和すると、固形分量に対して液体量が過多となり造粒できないため、畜ふん燃焼灰と中性カリウム化合物の混合物に鉱酸を添加して核粒子を成長させ転動造粒した粒状肥料（特許文献５）も提案されている。 Then, in order to overcome these problems, it has been studied to improve the handleability as a fertilizer by granulating a powdered fertilizer and processing the particle size to about 2 to 4 mm. For example, powdered fertilizers such as chicken manure ash are moistened, and after adding animal and plant organic substances, excipients and oily substances, water is added with water or steam as necessary, and granulated granular fertilizer (patent Document 1) has been proposed. Further, granulated fertilizer that is granulated by blending and kneading granulation accelerators such as by-product phosphate fertilizer, by-product composite fertilizer and bentonite and woody peat into chicken dung combustion ash moistened as a fertilizer composition (Patent Document 2) Has been proposed. In addition, as a fertilizer that does not contain a granulation accelerator, there is a granular fertilizer (Patent Document 3) that is granulated by adding water to a mixture of chicken manure ash and palm palm combustion ash, and as a granular fertilizer that does not contain water It contains granulation by mixing various materials such as lime, quartzite, and clay, containing ash, combustible ash, and one or more selected from humic acid, humic acid salt, livestock charcoal, and juvenile charcoal. A granular fertilizer (Patent Document 4) has been proposed. In addition, as a granulation method for granular fertilizer, in the pressure molding method, if the alkalinity of chicken manure combustion ash is completely neutralized, the liquid amount is excessive with respect to the solid content and granulation cannot be performed. There has also been proposed a granular fertilizer (Patent Document 5) in which a mineral acid is added to a mixture of potassium compounds to grow core particles and roll granulate.
前記の通り、様々な造粒肥料や粒状肥料の製造方法が提案されているが、畜ふん燃焼灰は製造時に水を加えただけでは、混合物の粘性が上昇し、造粒装置内に付着するため収率が低下する場合がある。そのため、水以外の原料を加えることや、あるいは水を加えずに別の原料を加えて造粒する方法が提案されている。 As described above, various methods for producing granulated fertilizers and granular fertilizers have been proposed. However, if manure-burning ash is added with water at the time of production, the viscosity of the mixture increases and adheres to the granulator. Therefore, the yield may decrease. Therefore, a method of adding a raw material other than water or adding another raw material without adding water and granulating it has been proposed.
特許文献１では、粒状肥料の製造方法として動植物性有機物質や賦型剤および油性物質を畜ふん燃焼灰に対して添加することが記載されているが、本方法で燃焼灰を使用して粒状物を大量生産する場合、一定品質の動植物性有機物質等を安定して保管使用することが難しい。さらに、得られた粒状肥料の粒硬度を制御できないため、粒硬度が低い場合は製造過程で粒状肥料の粉化が多く発生して製造時の収率が低下する問題がある。また、粒硬度の低い粒状物は保管中においても粉化しやすいため固結の原因にもなる。 In Patent Document 1, it is described that animal and vegetable organic substances, excipients, and oily substances are added to animal manure combustion ash as a method for producing granular fertilizer. When mass-producing products, it is difficult to stably store and use certain quality animal and plant organic substances. Furthermore, since the grain hardness of the obtained granular fertilizer cannot be controlled, there is a problem that when the grain hardness is low, the granular fertilizer is often pulverized during the production process and the yield during production is reduced. Moreover, since the granular material with low particle hardness is easily pulverized even during storage, it also causes caking.
特許文献２も同様に、副産りん酸肥料および副産複合肥料を使用した場合、粒硬度が低くなるため、製造時の収率が低く、また保管中の固結も発生しやすい。 Similarly, in Patent Document 2, when by-product phosphate fertilizer and by-product composite fertilizer are used, the grain hardness is low, so the yield during production is low, and consolidation during storage is likely to occur.
特許文献３のパームやし燃焼灰や、特許文献４の腐植酸、腐植酸塩、畜ふん炭化物、及び若年炭から選ばれた一種又は二種を使用した場合も同様に保管中に固結が発生しやすい。 In the case where one or two kinds selected from the palm palm combustion ash of Patent Document 3 and the humic acid, humic acid salt, livestock dung carbide, and juvenile charcoal of Patent Document 4 are used, solidification occurs during storage. Likely to happen.
さらに特許文献５に記載された方法では、粒状肥料の製造方法として、畜ふん燃焼灰と中性カリウム化合物との混合物に、鉱酸や造粒促進材を添加して、核粒子を成長させる方法により造粒することが記載されているが、転動造粒法またはスラリー式造粒法を前提とした方法であり、ローラーを用いたブリケット方式などの核粒子を成長させない造粒法では、粘性が高くなり装置内に付着するため造粒収率は低下するという課題があった。 Furthermore, in the method described in Patent Document 5, as a method for producing granular fertilizer, a method of growing nuclear particles by adding a mineral acid or a granulation accelerator to a mixture of animal manure ash and neutral potassium compound. However, it is a method based on the rolling granulation method or the slurry type granulation method, and in the granulation method that does not grow core particles such as briquette method using a roller, the viscosity is However, there is a problem that the granulation yield is lowered because of the increase in the particle size and adhesion in the apparatus.
本発明は、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、畜ふん燃焼灰に、タルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を粒状化促進材として含む粒状肥料組成物とすることで取り扱いが容易で、機械散布にも耐えうる粒状肥料組成物を得ることができることを見出した。 As a result of diligent studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is based on animal manure ash, talc, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid metal salt, lauryl sulfate metal salt, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, oxidation By using a granular fertilizer composition containing at least one selected from aluminum, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride as a granulation accelerator, a granular fertilizer composition that is easy to handle and can withstand mechanical spraying can be obtained. I found out that I can do it.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は以下の構成を採用する。すなわち、
１．畜ふん燃焼灰に、タルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を粒状化促進材を含む粒状肥料組成物
２．粒状肥料組成物の水分率が１％以下であることを特徴とする１記載の粒状肥料組成物。
３．畜ふん燃焼灰が、鶏、アヒル、鴨、豚、牛、馬、山羊、羊、犬、および猫から選ばれる少なくとも一種の畜ふん燃焼灰である１または２記載の粒状肥料組成物。
４．畜ふん燃焼灰が、リン酸、硫酸、硝酸、および塩酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種の鉱酸で中和された中和灰である１〜３のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物。
５．前記粒状化促進材が、粒状肥料組成物の表面に被覆されている１〜４のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物
６．畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して前記粒状化促進材１〜５重量部を含む１〜５のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物。
７．粒状肥料組成物７５０ｇに６０ｋｇの錘で１ヶ月荷重をかけた後の固結率が２０％以下である１〜６のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物。
８．１〜７のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物に、リン成分を含有する粒状組成物および／またはカリウム成分を含有する粒状組成物が混合された混合肥料。
９．下記の４工程を含む１〜８のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物の製造方法。
１）畜ふん燃焼灰に、水および、タルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種の粒状化促進材を混合する工程
２）１）で得られた混合物を造粒して粒状にする工程
３）２）で得られた粒状物を整粒し形状を調節する工程
４）３）で得られた形状が調節された粒状物を乾燥する工程
１０．下記の４工程を含む１〜８のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物の製造方法。
１）畜ふん燃焼灰に水を加えて造粒して粒状にする工程
２）１）で得られた粒状物を整粒し形状を調節する工程
３）２）で得られた形状が調節された粒状物にタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種の粒状化促進材を添加し被覆する工程
４）３）で得られた粒状物を乾燥する工程
１１．水の添加量が、畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して１〜５重量部である９または１０記載の粒状肥料組成物の製造方法。
１２．造粒が圧縮造粒方式であることを特徴とする９〜１１のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物の製造方法。
１３．原料を一対のローラーを用いたブリケット方式により圧縮して造粒物を製造することを特徴とする９〜１２のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物の製造方法。
１４．粒状肥料組成物の原料合計重量に対する得られる粒状肥料組成物の収率が６０重量％以上である９〜１３のいずれかに記載の粒状肥料組成物の製造方法。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following configuration. That is,
1. At least one selected from talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride 1. A granular fertilizer composition containing a granulation accelerator 2. The granular fertilizer composition according to 1, wherein the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition is 1% or less.
3. The granular fertilizer composition according to 1 or 2, wherein the animal manure ash is at least one animal manure ash selected from chickens, ducks, duck, pigs, cows, horses, goats, sheep, dogs, and cats.
4). The granular fertilizer composition according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the animal manure combustion ash is a neutralized ash neutralized with at least one mineral acid selected from phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
5. 5. The granular fertilizer composition according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the granulation accelerator is coated on the surface of the granular fertilizer composition. The granular fertilizer composition in any one of 1-5 containing the said granulation acceleration | stimulation material 1-5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of livestock dung combustion ash.
7). The granular fertilizer composition in any one of 1-6 whose consolidation rate after applying a load for 1 month with a 60-kg weight to 750 g of granular fertilizer composition is 20% or less.
The mixed fertilizer in which the granular composition containing a phosphorus component and / or the granular composition containing a potassium component were mixed with the granular fertilizer composition in any one of 8.1-7.
9. The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of 1-8 containing the following 4 processes.
1) Livestock manure ash, water and talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride Step 2) Mixing at least one granulation promoting material selected from 1) Granulating the mixture obtained in 1) to granulate Step 3) Adjusting the shape of the granule obtained in 2) and adjusting the shape Step 4) Drying the granular material having the adjusted shape obtained in 3) 10. The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of 1-8 containing the following 4 processes.
1) Step 2) Adding granulated granulation by adding water to livestock dung combustion ash 2) Adjusting the shape by adjusting the shape of the granular material obtained in 1) 3) The shape obtained in 2) is adjusted At least one granular material selected from talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride Step 4 of adding and coating the accelerating agent 4) Step of drying the granular material obtained in 3) The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition of 9 or 10 whose addition amount of water is 1-5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of livestock dung combustion ash.
12 Granulation is a compression granulation method, The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of 9-11 characterized by the above-mentioned.
13. The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of 9-12 characterized by manufacturing a granulated material by compressing a raw material by the briquette system using a pair of roller.
14 The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of 9-13 whose yield of the granular fertilizer composition obtained with respect to the raw material total weight of a granular fertilizer composition is 60 weight% or more.
本発明によれば、取り扱いが容易で、粒状肥料の粒硬度が高く、かつ保管時の固結強度が低いため、肥料を機械散布した場合の到達飛距離が長く、保管時に固結しにくい粒状肥料組成物を得ることができる。 According to the present invention, the granular fertilizer is easy to handle, the granular hardness of the fertilizer is high, and the solidification strength at the time of storage is low. A fertilizer composition can be obtained.
＜畜ふん燃焼灰＞
畜ふん燃焼灰とは、鶏、アヒル、鴨などの家禽および豚、牛、馬、山羊、羊、犬、猫等家畜から得られるふんを焼却処分して得られる灰のことである。これらのうち、肥料取締法上で化成肥料原料として認可されており、肥料としての有効成分であるリン、カリウム、カルシウムなどを含有している鶏ふん燃焼灰であることが好ましい。
<Animal dung burning ash>
Livestock excrement burning ash is ash obtained by incineration of poultry obtained from poultry such as chickens, ducks and duck, and livestock such as pigs, cows, horses, goats, sheep, dogs and cats. Among these, chicken manure ash which is approved as a raw material for chemical fertilizer under the Fertilizer Control Law and contains phosphorus, potassium, calcium, etc., which are active ingredients as fertilizer, is preferable.
畜ふん燃焼灰は、通常アルカリ性であるので、鉱酸であるリン酸、硫酸、硝酸、塩酸のいずれかを加えて中和して使用してもよい。このうち、畜ふん燃焼灰中にはリン酸が含まれるがほとんどがク溶性で肥効が発現しないケースがあるため、リン酸で中和した場合、可溶性リン酸が含まれることにより肥効が改善するので、リン酸を使用することが好ましい。 Since animal manure ash is usually alkaline, it may be neutralized by adding any of mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. Among these, livestock manure ash contains phosphoric acid, but most of them are soluble and not fertilizing, so when neutralized with phosphoric acid, fertilizing effect is obtained by the inclusion of soluble phosphoric acid. Since it improves, it is preferable to use phosphoric acid.
＜粒状肥料組成物＞
本発明では、粒状肥料組成物は、粒状化促進材としてタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする。これらの物質は、添加量を調整することで粒状肥料組成物の粒硬度を制御し、収率向上を達成することができる。さらには、滑剤の効果を持つため、造粒装置内での粉体のつまりや、水分を含むことによる粘性による付着を防止する効果も期待できる。
<Granular fertilizer composition>
In the present invention, the granular fertilizer composition includes talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate as a granulation accelerator. And at least one selected from lithium fluoride. These substances can achieve an improvement in yield by controlling the grain hardness of the granular fertilizer composition by adjusting the addition amount. Furthermore, since it has the effect of a lubricant, it can be expected to prevent adhesion of the powder in the granulation apparatus or adhesion due to viscosity due to moisture.
上記粒状化促進材の添加量は、畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して１〜５重量部が好ましく、装置への付着によるロスがなく、肥料として崩壊性がよい硬度の肥料を得るためには畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して１．５〜４．５重量部がより好ましい。装置への付着ロスをより少なくするためには、畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して２．５〜３．５重量部がさらに好ましい。また上記粒状化促進材は、原料である畜ふん燃焼灰に含まれてもよいし、粒状に加工した肥料組成物の表面に被覆されていてもよい。 The addition amount of the granulation accelerator is preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of livestock excrement combustion ash, in order to obtain a fertilizer having good disintegrability as a fertilizer without loss due to adhesion to the apparatus. 1.5 to 4.5 parts by weight is more preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of livestock dung combustion ash. In order to reduce the adhesion loss to the apparatus, 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight are more preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of livestock dung combustion ash. Moreover, the said granulation acceleration | stimulation material may be contained in the livestock dung combustion ash which is a raw material, and may be coat | covered by the surface of the fertilizer composition processed into the granule.
粒状肥料組成物の水分率は、長期保管中の粒状肥料組成物どうしの固結を防止する観点で３％以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは２％以下であり、さらに好ましくは１％以下であり、完全に水分を乾燥させた０％であれば全く固結しないため最も好ましい。なお、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は、公定肥料分析法に従い加熱減量法で測定した値である。 The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition is preferably 3% or less from the viewpoint of preventing the solidification of the granular fertilizer compositions during long-term storage. More preferably, it is 2% or less, more preferably 1% or less, and it is most preferable that the moisture content is 0% when it is completely dried since it does not solidify at all. In addition, the moisture content of a granular fertilizer composition is the value measured by the heat loss method according to the official fertilizer analysis method.
粒状肥料組成物の粒径は、機械施肥において、肥料の到達距離を確保するため、２〜４ｍｍが好ましい。より好ましくは２．５〜３．５ｍｍである。 The particle size of the granular fertilizer composition is preferably 2 to 4 mm in order to ensure the reach of the fertilizer in mechanical fertilization. More preferably, it is 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
粒状肥料組成物の形状は、機械施肥をした場合、作物の葉などに付着せず土壌に落下するよう丸形状であることが好ましい。丸形状ではない、例えば平らな形状の圧片肥料であると、葉に付着して落下せず栄養分供給が乏しくなるため好ましくない。粒状肥料組成物の粒径は、篩い分けを行って測定する。 The shape of the granular fertilizer composition is preferably round so as not to adhere to the leaves of crops and fall to the soil when subjected to mechanical fertilization. It is not preferable that the pressure fertilizer has a round shape, for example, a flat shape, because it adheres to the leaf and does not fall, resulting in poor nutrient supply. The particle size of the granular fertilizer composition is measured by sieving.
粒状肥料組成物の粒硬度は、２〜５ｋｇｆの範囲であることが好ましい。粒硬度が２ｋｇｆ未満であると、製造時に粒状肥料組成物が粉化しやすく、製造時の収率が低下する。また、粒状肥料組成物の保管中にも粉化が発生しやすく、粒状物どうしの固結の原因となる。一方、粒硬度が５ｋｇｆを越える場合は、土壌中での粒状肥料組成物の崩壊性が悪く、肥効が低下する。より好ましくは３〜５ｋｇｆの範囲であり、さらに好ましくは３．５〜４．５ｋｇｆの範囲である。なお、粒状肥料組成物の粒硬度は木屋式硬度計で２０粒を測定し、その平均値を粒硬度とする。 The grain hardness of the granular fertilizer composition is preferably in the range of 2 to 5 kgf. When the grain hardness is less than 2 kgf, the granular fertilizer composition is easily pulverized during production, and the yield during production is reduced. Further, pulverization is likely to occur during storage of the granular fertilizer composition, which causes caking of the granular materials. On the other hand, when the grain hardness exceeds 5 kgf, the disintegration property of the granular fertilizer composition in the soil is poor and the fertilization effect is reduced. More preferably, it is the range of 3-5 kgf, More preferably, it is the range of 3.5-4.5 kgf. In addition, the grain hardness of a granular fertilizer composition measures 20 grains with a Kiyama-type hardness meter, and makes the average value grain hardness.
粒状肥料組成物の収率は、造粒時および整粒時の肥料組成物の廃棄量をできるだけ削減するため、あるいは廃棄せずに造粒工程へリサイクルするためには６０％以上であることが好ましい。より好ましくは６５％以上であり、さらに好ましくは７０％以上であり、完全に回収できた場合１００％が最も好ましい。なお、収率とは、投入原料の重量に対する造粒および整粒して得られた粒状肥料組成物の重量であって、下記式（１）で示される。
収率＝（粒状肥料組成物の重量）／（投入原料重量）×１００（％）・・・（１）
The yield of granular fertilizer composition should be 60% or more in order to reduce the amount of fertilizer composition discarded during granulation and granulation as much as possible, or to recycle to the granulation process without discarding. preferable. More preferably, it is 65% or more, further preferably 70% or more, and 100% is most preferable when it can be completely recovered. The yield is the weight of the granular fertilizer composition obtained by granulation and sizing with respect to the weight of the input raw material, and is represented by the following formula (1).
Yield = (weight of granular fertilizer composition) / (input raw material weight) × 100 (%) (1)
粒状肥料組成物の固結強度は、１ｋｇ／ｃｍ２以下であることが好ましい。１ｋｇ／ｃｍ２以上であると、例えば固結部分がフレコンから流れ出ないため、ホッパーに投入することが容易ではない、あるいは機械施肥において生育させる植物まで粒状肥料組成物をまくことができないなど、取り扱い性に劣る。より好ましくは固結強度が０．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２以下であり、さらに好ましくは０．２ｋｇ／ｃｍ２以下である。なお、固結強度は、山中式土壌硬度計を使用して針部を肥料上面に対して垂直に圧入して測定した値である。 The consolidation strength of the granular fertilizer composition is preferably 1 kg / cm 2 or less. When it is 1 kg / cm 2 or more, for example, the consolidated portion does not flow out of the flexible container, so that it is not easy to put into the hopper, or the granular fertilizer composition cannot be planted up to plants grown in mechanical fertilization. Inferior to sex. More preferably consolidation strength is 0.5 kg / cm 2 or less, more preferably 0.2 kg / cm 2 or less. The consolidation strength is a value measured by pressing the needle portion perpendicularly to the upper surface of the fertilizer using a Yamanaka type soil hardness meter.
粒状肥料組成物の取り扱いを容易にするため固結率は２０％以下であることが好ましい。固結率が２０％を越えると上記と同様に流動性が悪くなったり、機械施肥ができないため好ましくない。より好ましくは１５％以下であり、さらに好ましくは１０％以下であり、全く固結がない０％が最も好ましい。なお、固結率は粒状肥料組成物７５０ｇに対して６０ｋｇの錘で一ヶ月荷重後の粒状肥料組成物のうち固結部分重量の割合であり、下記式（２）で示される。
固結率＝ （一ヶ月間荷重後の固結部分重量（ｇ）) ／７５０×１００ ・・・（２）
In order to facilitate handling of the granular fertilizer composition, the consolidation rate is preferably 20% or less. If the consolidation rate exceeds 20%, the fluidity is deteriorated as described above, and mechanical fertilization cannot be performed. More preferably, it is 15% or less, more preferably 10% or less, and most preferably 0% which does not cause any solidification. The solidification rate is the ratio of the weight of the solidified portion of the granular fertilizer composition after one month load with a weight of 60 kg with respect to 750 g of the granular fertilizer composition, and is represented by the following formula (2).
Consolidation rate = (Consolidated part weight after loading for one month (g)) / 750 × 100 (2)
本発明で得られた粒状肥料組成物は、リン成分を含有する粒状肥料組成物および／またはカリウム成分を含有する粒状肥料組成物をドライブレンドして得られる混合肥料として使用ができる。この混合肥料は任意の割合でブレンドできるため、作物毎に対応したブレンドを行うことができる。 The granular fertilizer composition obtained by the present invention can be used as a mixed fertilizer obtained by dry blending a granular fertilizer composition containing a phosphorus component and / or a granular fertilizer composition containing a potassium component. Since this mixed fertilizer can be blended at an arbitrary ratio, blending corresponding to each crop can be performed.
＜粒状肥料組成物の製造方法＞
粒状肥料組成物の製造方法としては、畜ふん燃焼灰に、水および、粒状化促進材としてタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を混合後、該混合物を造粒および整粒して粒状物を製造し、乾燥することで得る方法（製法１）と、畜ふん燃焼灰に水を加えて造粒および整粒して粒状物を製造した後、該粒状物に上記粒状化促進材を添加して粒状物の表面を粒状化促進材で被覆した後、乾燥して得られる製造方法（製法２）の二種がある。
<Method for producing granular fertilizer composition>
As a method for producing a granular fertilizer composition, livestock dung combustion ash, water, and talc as a granulation accelerator, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate , After mixing at least one selected from aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate and lithium fluoride, granulating and sizing the mixture to produce a granular material (Production Method 1); After adding water to animal manure combustion ash and granulating and sizing to produce granules, the granulation product is added with the above granulation accelerator and the surface of the granule is coated with the granulation accelerator, There are two types of production methods (Production Method 2) obtained by drying.
畜ふん燃焼灰と水の混合方法は、均一に混合されていれば、ミキサーを使用して予め混合してもよいし、造粒機内で混合してもよい。水の添加量は、軽くて飛散しやすい畜ふん燃焼灰を湿潤させ、取り扱いを容易にさせること、および造粒でのバインダー効果を向上するため、畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部あたり、１〜１０重量部が好ましい。造粒装置内での水分の粘性による付着や、製品の乾燥のための負荷を低減するため、１〜５重量部とすることがより好ましい。さらに好ましくは２〜４重量部である。 As for the mixing method of animal manure combustion ash and water, if they are uniformly mixed, they may be mixed in advance using a mixer, or may be mixed in a granulator. The amount of water added is 1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of livestock manure ash in order to wet and facilitate handling of livestock manure ash, which is light and easy to scatter, and to improve the binder effect in granulation. Part by weight is preferred. In order to reduce adhesion due to the viscosity of moisture in the granulator and the load for drying the product, it is more preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight. More preferably, it is 2 to 4 parts by weight.
粒状肥料組成物の製法１において、畜ふん燃焼灰に、粒状化促進材としてタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、フッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を混合する方法は、均一に混合されていれば、ミキサーを使用して予め混合してもよいし、造粒機内で混合してもよい。 In the manufacturing method 1 of a granular fertilizer composition, talc, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid metal salt, lauryl sulfate metal salt, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, As for the method of mixing at least one selected from titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride, if they are uniformly mixed, they may be mixed in advance using a mixer or may be mixed in a granulator.
粒状肥料組成物の造粒方法は、圧縮造粒が好ましく、圧縮造粒装置は、タブレット方式、板状方式、ブリケット方式の何れを用いても問題ないが、タブレット方式では生産効率が低く造粒窒素肥料の大量生産が困難であり、また板状方式では球形でバリの少ない造粒窒素肥料を生産することが困難であるため、ブリケット方式を用いることが好ましい。ブリケット方式の圧縮造粒装置としては、例えばブリケッタ（登録商標）ＢＳＳ型（新東工業製）などを好ましく用いることができる。 The granulation method of the granular fertilizer composition is preferably compression granulation, and the compression granulation apparatus may be any of the tablet method, plate method, and briquette method, but the tablet method has low production efficiency and granulation. Since it is difficult to mass-produce nitrogen fertilizer, and it is difficult to produce granulated nitrogen fertilizer with a spherical shape and few burrs in the plate-like method, it is preferable to use a briquette method. As a briquette type compression granulator, for example, a Briquetta (registered trademark) BSS type (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo) or the like can be preferably used.
原料の畜ふん燃焼灰を圧縮造粒装置に供給する方法は、特に制限はされないが、例えば上記で得られた畜ふん燃焼灰と水の混合物、あるいは畜ふん燃焼灰、水および粒状化促進材の３種混合物をホッパーに貯蔵し、ホッパーに付帯した搬送コンベアより造粒装置に直接供給、またはホッパー搬送コンベアからベルトコンベアやバケットコンベア等を経由して造粒装置へ供給することができる。 The method for supplying the raw animal manure ash to the compression granulator is not particularly limited. For example, the animal manure ash and water mixture obtained above, or animal manure ash, water and granulation accelerator These three kinds of mixtures can be stored in a hopper and supplied directly to a granulating device from a conveying conveyor attached to the hopper, or can be supplied from the hopper conveying conveyor to a granulating device via a belt conveyor, a bucket conveyor or the like.
造粒圧力とは、原料の畜ふん燃焼灰に加わる総荷重を有効幅で割った値（線圧）を示し、有効幅とは、原料の畜ふん燃焼灰に荷重が加わる部分における、圧縮機側の長径を示す。例えば、タブレット方式であれば有効幅はタブレット部分の長径であり、ローラーを用いたブリケット方式であれば、有効幅はローラーにて原料の畜ふん燃焼灰が圧縮されている部分の長さである。造粒圧力は、ロール圧で０．６〜３０．０ｋＮ／ｃｍの範囲内にあることが好ましい。造粒圧力が上記を超えて低くなると、圧力不足のため、畜ふん燃焼灰の造粒自体が起こらない。造粒圧力が上記を超えて高くなると、圧縮造粒機に必要以上の荷重がかかるため、装置寿命が著しく低下する。 The granulation pressure indicates the value (linear pressure) obtained by dividing the total load applied to the raw animal manure combustion ash by the effective width, and the effective width is the compressor in the portion where the load is applied to the raw animal manure combustion ash. The major axis on the side is shown. For example, if it is a tablet system, the effective width is the long diameter of the tablet part, and if it is a briquette system using a roller, the effective width is the length of the part where the raw animal manure ash is compressed by the roller. . The granulation pressure is preferably in the range of 0.6 to 30.0 kN / cm in terms of roll pressure. When the granulation pressure is lower than the above, granulation of livestock dung combustion ash does not occur due to insufficient pressure. If the granulation pressure is higher than the above, an excessive load is applied to the compression granulator, so that the device life is significantly reduced.
圧縮造粒機のバリ厚みとは、原料の畜ふん燃焼灰に荷重が加わる部分における原料の畜ふん燃焼灰の短径を示す。例えばタブレット方式であれば、バリ厚みはタブレット部分の短径であり、ローラーを用いたブリケット方式であれば、バリ厚みはロール間距離（クリアランス）の最も短い長さのことである。バリ厚みは、１．００〜２．５０ｍｍの範囲内にあることが好ましく、１．２０〜２．００ｍｍの範囲内にあることがより好ましい。バリ厚みが上記を超えて低くなると、粒状肥料組成物の圧壊強度・収量ともに低下する傾向にある。バリ厚みが上記を超えて高くなると、粒状肥料組成物の形状が肥料散布に不適となることや、造粒した粒状肥料組成物を、例えば解砕ボールを用いた振動篩で解砕し粒径を揃える場合、篩いの目詰まりの原因となるため好ましくない。 The burr thickness of the compression granulator indicates the short diameter of the raw material manure ash in the portion where the load is applied to the raw material manure ash. For example, in the case of a tablet system, the burr thickness is the short diameter of the tablet part, and in the case of a briquette system using a roller, the burr thickness is the length of the shortest distance between the rolls (clearance). The burr thickness is preferably in the range of 1.00 to 2.50 mm, and more preferably in the range of 1.20 to 2.00 mm. If the burr thickness exceeds the above, the crushing strength and yield of the granular fertilizer composition tend to decrease. When the burr thickness is higher than the above, the shape of the granular fertilizer composition becomes unsuitable for fertilizer application, or the granulated granular fertilizer composition is crushed by, for example, a vibrating sieve using a pulverizing ball. Is not preferable because it causes clogging of the sieve.
単位時間・単位長さあたりの造粒機が処理可能な原料の畜ふん燃焼灰（以下造粒効率と称する）とは、造粒機に供給した原料の畜ふん燃焼灰を１時間あたりの供給量に換算し、さらに有効幅にて除算した、単位時間・単位長さあたりの造粒能力を示す。 Raw material manure ash that can be processed by the granulator per unit time and unit length (hereinafter referred to as granulation efficiency) is the supply of raw material manure ash supplied to the granulator per hour It shows the granulation capacity per unit time and unit length, which is converted into a quantity and further divided by the effective width.
圧縮造粒機で造粒した粒状肥料組成物は、解砕、整粒、分級を行うことで、肥料として好ましい粒状品の畜ふん燃焼灰を得ることができる。 The granular fertilizer composition granulated by the compression granulator can be pulverized, sized and classified to obtain livestock combustible ash which is a granular product preferable as a fertilizer.
粒径の揃った粒状肥料組成物を得るために、解砕機を用いて圧縮造粒後の粒状肥料組成物を解砕することが好ましい。解砕機の種類に特に制限は無く、例えば、ジョークラッシャー・ロールクラッシャーなどの各種クラッシャーや、ローラーミル・カッティングミルなどの各種ミル、解砕メディアを添加した振動篩などが好ましく用いられる。また、これらの解砕機を組み合わせ用いることも可能である。 In order to obtain a granular fertilizer composition having a uniform particle size, it is preferable to crush the granular fertilizer composition after compression granulation using a crusher. There are no particular limitations on the type of crusher, and various crushers such as a jaw crusher and a roll crusher, various mills such as a roller mill and a cutting mill, and a vibration sieve to which crushing media are added are preferably used. It is also possible to use a combination of these crushers.
球形でバリの少ない粒状肥料組成物を得るために、整粒機を用いて整粒することが好ましい。整粒機の種類に特に制限はなく、例えば高速転動方法、オシレータ式、架砕方式、遠心回転方式などが好ましく用いられ、高速転動方式の球形整粒機であるマルメライザー（登録商標：ダルトン製）を用いて粒状肥料組成物を整粒することがより好ましい。 In order to obtain a granular fertilizer composition having a spherical shape and less burrs, it is preferable to use a granulator to regulate the size. There is no particular limitation on the type of the granulator, and for example, a high-speed rolling method, an oscillator type, a crushing method, a centrifugal rotating method, and the like are preferably used. Malmerizer (registered trademark: a registered trademark: More preferably, the granular fertilizer composition is sized using Dalton).
整粒機の処理時間は、０．３〜５．０分の範囲内にあることが好ましく、０．５〜３．０分の範囲内であることがより好ましい。整粒機の処理時間が上記を超えて低くなると、粒状肥料組成物のバリ除去が不十分となる。整粒機の処理時間が上記を超えて高くなると、バリ以外の部分が切削される量が増加し、粒状肥料組成物の収量が低下する。さらに整粒処理に必要な時間が多くなるため、単位時間あたりの造粒状肥料組成物収量も低下する。 The processing time of the granulator is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 5.0 minutes, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 minutes. When the processing time of the granulator becomes lower than the above, the burr removal of the granular fertilizer composition becomes insufficient. When the processing time of the granulator becomes higher than the above, the amount of parts other than burrs that are cut increases, and the yield of the granular fertilizer composition decreases. Furthermore, since the time required for the sizing treatment increases, the yield of the granulated fertilizer composition per unit time also decreases.
整粒機の回転速度は、５０〜２０００回転／分の範囲内にあることが好ましく、１００〜１５００回転／分の範囲内にあることがより好ましい。整粒機の回転速度が上記の範囲より低くなると、粒状肥料組成物のバリ除去が不十分となり、さらに整粒処理に必要な時間が多くなるため、単位時間あたりの粒状肥料組成物収量も低下する。整粒機の回転速度が上記の範囲を超えて高くなると、騒音増加および機器寿命の低下といった問題が生ずる。 The rotational speed of the granulator is preferably in the range of 50 to 2000 revolutions / minute, and more preferably in the range of 100 to 1500 revolutions / minute. If the rotational speed of the granulator becomes lower than the above range, the removal of burrs from the granular fertilizer composition will be insufficient, and the time required for the granulation process will increase, and the yield of granular fertilizer composition per unit time will also decrease. To do. When the rotational speed of the granulator becomes higher than the above range, problems such as an increase in noise and a decrease in equipment life occur.
所定の粒径以上の粒状肥料組成物を得るために、分級機を用いて粒状肥料組成物を分級することが望ましい。乾式分級が可能なものであれば、分級機の種類に特に制限はないが、振動篩を用いることが好ましい。篩の目開きは、所定の粒径を得られる大きさであれば特に制限はないが、１．８〜２．２ｍｍ、および３．８〜４．２ｍｍの目開きであることが好ましく、これら目開きを有する篩を組み合わせて粒径２．０〜４．０ｍｍの粒状肥料組成物を得る分級方法が好ましい。 In order to obtain a granular fertilizer composition having a predetermined particle size or more, it is desirable to classify the granular fertilizer composition using a classifier. The type of classifier is not particularly limited as long as dry classification is possible, but it is preferable to use a vibration sieve. The opening of the sieve is not particularly limited as long as a predetermined particle size can be obtained, but preferably 1.8 to 2.2 mm and 3.8 to 4.2 mm. A classification method for obtaining a granular fertilizer composition having a particle size of 2.0 to 4.0 mm by combining sieves having openings is preferable.
バリが少なく、圧壊強度が強く、窒素濃度が高く、粉塵の発生も少なく、固結が起こりづらい粒状肥料組成物を得るために、圧縮造粒機を用いて原料粒状肥料組成物を造粒し、解砕機を用いて圧縮造粒後の粒状肥料組成物を解砕した後、球形整粒機を用いて解砕後の粒状肥料組成物を整粒し、分級機を用いて整粒の粒状肥料組成物を分級することが好ましい。各工程における粒状肥料組成物の輸送方法に制限はないが、自然落下・コンベア輸送・風送などを用いることが可能であり、コンベア輸送で原料粒状肥料組成物を造粒機に輸送した後、自然落下で解砕機・球形整粒機・分級機へ輸送する方法が好ましい。これら輸送機器を含めた機器の接粉部分については、粒状肥料組成物に耐食性を持つ材質を用いることが好ましく、ＳＵＳ３１６Ｌまたは樹脂を用いることが好ましい。 In order to obtain a granular fertilizer composition with few burrs, strong crushing strength, high nitrogen concentration, little dust generation, and no caking, granulate the raw granular fertilizer composition using a compression granulator. After pulverizing the granulated fertilizer composition after compression granulation using a pulverizer, the granulated fertilizer composition after pulverization is sized using a spherical granulator, and the granulated particles are sized using a classifier It is preferable to classify the fertilizer composition. Although there is no restriction on the method of transporting the granular fertilizer composition in each step, it is possible to use natural fall, conveyor transport, air feeding, etc., and after transporting the raw granular fertilizer composition to the granulator by conveyor transport, A method of transporting to a crusher, a spherical granulator, and a classifier by natural fall is preferable. For the contact parts of equipment including these transportation equipment, it is preferable to use a material having corrosion resistance for the granular fertilizer composition, and it is preferable to use SUS316L or resin.
圧縮造粒機を用いて原料粒状肥料組成物を造粒し、解砕機を用いて圧縮造粒後の粒状肥料組成物を解砕した際、また球形整粒機を用いて解砕後の粒状肥料組成物を整粒し、分級機を用いて整粒の粒状肥料組成物を分級した際に得られる篩下の微粉は、図に示すように原料粒状肥料組成物中にリサイクルして混合し、原料として使用することができる。 When granulating the raw granular fertilizer composition using a compression granulator and pulverizing the granular fertilizer composition after compression granulation using a pulverizer, the granules after pulverization using a spherical granulator The fine powder under the sieve obtained when the fertilizer composition is sized and the sized granular fertilizer composition is classified using a classifier is recycled and mixed into the raw granular fertilizer composition as shown in the figure. Can be used as raw material.
粒状肥料組成物の製法２において、粒状化促進材としてタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、フッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を畜ふん燃焼灰と水の混合物からなる粒状物表面に被覆する方法としては、粒状肥料組成物を造粒および整粒し、分級機で分級した後に均一に被覆されていれば、分級機出口で添加してもよいし、ミキサーを用いて混合し被覆してもよいし、ベルトコンベア上で吹き付けを行って被覆してもよい。 In the production method 2 of the granular fertilizer composition, talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, fluorine As a method of coating at least one kind selected from lithium fluoride on the surface of granular material composed of a mixture of livestock excreta ash and water, the granular fertilizer composition is granulated and sized, and then classified by a classifier to be uniformly coated. If so, it may be added at the outlet of the classifier, may be mixed and coated using a mixer, or may be coated by spraying on a belt conveyor.
粒状肥料組成物に対する粒状化促進材の添加量は、畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して１〜５重量部が好ましく、装置への付着によるロスがなく、肥料として崩壊性がよい硬度の肥料を得るためには畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して１．５〜４．５重量部がより好ましい。装置への付着ロスをより少なくするためには、畜ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対して２．５〜３．５重量部がさらに好ましい。 The amount of granulation accelerator added to the granular fertilizer composition is preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of livestock dung combustion ash, no loss due to adhesion to the apparatus, and a fertilizer with a hardness that has good disintegration as a fertilizer In order to obtain this, 1.5 to 4.5 parts by weight is more preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of livestock dung combustion ash. In order to reduce the adhesion loss to the apparatus, 2.5 to 3.5 parts by weight are more preferable with respect to 100 parts by weight of livestock dung combustion ash.
本発明の実施例を以下に示すが、本発明は以下の実施例のみに限定されるものではない。ここで、実施例中の部数は、重量部を示す。物性等の測定方法は以下のとおりである。 Examples of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. Here, the number of parts in the examples indicates parts by weight. Measuring methods for physical properties and the like are as follows.
（１）粒径
粒径は、目開き２ｍｍおよび４ｍｍの篩いを使用して、下記式により２〜４ｍｍの粒径の割合を算出した。
２〜４ｍｍ粒径（％）＝粒径２〜４ｍｍの重量／篩い分けサンプル重量×１００
(1) Particle size The particle size was calculated using the following formula using a sieve with 2 mm openings and 4 mm sieves, and the ratio of the particle size of 2 to 4 mm was calculated.
2-4 mm particle size (%) = weight of particle size 2-4 mm / sieving sample weight × 100
（２）収率
投入原料の重量に対する造粒および整粒して得られた粒状肥料組成物の重量であって、下記式により算出した。
収率（％）＝（粒状肥料組成物の重量）／（投入原料重量）×１００
(2) Yield The weight of the granular fertilizer composition obtained by granulation and sizing with respect to the weight of the input raw material, and calculated by the following formula.
Yield (%) = (weight of granular fertilizer composition) / (input raw material weight) × 100
（３）粒硬度
木屋式硬度計で粒状肥料２０粒それぞれの粒硬度を測定し、その平均を求めた値である。
(3) Grain Hardness This is a value obtained by measuring the grain hardness of each of the 20 granular fertilizers using a Kiyama-type hardness meter and calculating the average.
（４）水分率
粒状肥料組成物の水分率は、乾燥前の粒状肥料組成物を１３０℃で３時間乾燥後重量測定を行った際の加熱減量により求めた値であり、下記式で算出した。
水分率（％）＝（乾燥前の粒状肥料組成物重量−乾燥後の粒状肥料組成物）
／（加熱前の粒状肥料組成物）×１００
(4) Moisture content The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition is a value obtained by weight loss after drying the granular fertilizer composition before drying at 130 ° C. for 3 hours, and was calculated by the following formula. .
Moisture content (%) = (weight of granular fertilizer composition before drying−particulate fertilizer composition after drying)
/ (Granular fertilizer composition before heating) x 100
（５）固結強度
山中式土壌硬度計を使用して針部を肥料上面に対して垂直に圧入して測定した値である。
(5) Consolidation strength This is a value measured by pressing the needle part perpendicularly to the upper surface of the fertilizer using a Yamanaka soil hardness tester.
（６）固結率
粒状肥料組成物７５０ｇに対して６０ｋｇの錘で一ヶ月間荷重後の粒状肥料組成物のうち固結部分重量の割合であり、下記式で算出した。
固結率（％）＝ （一ヶ月間荷重後の固結部分重量（ｇ）)／７５０×１００
(6) Consolidation rate It is the ratio of the solidified part weight of the granular fertilizer composition after 60-month weight load with respect to 750 g of the granular fertilizer composition, and was calculated by the following formula.
Consolidation rate (%) = (consolidated part weight after loading for one month (g)) / 750 × 100
（実施例１）
リン酸で中和した鶏ふん中和灰１００重量部に、水を３重量部、タルクを２重量部を容器に入れて混合し原料とした。該混合原料を造粒機としてブリケッタ（登録商標）ＢＳＳ−ＩＶ型（新東工業製）に供給し、ロール有効幅を１５０ｍｍ、ロール圧力を８．４ｋＮ／ｃｍ、バリ厚みを１．７０ｍｍ、ポケットサイズを３．９ｍｍ、ローラー回転数５０ｒｐｍで造粒を行い、粗砕機にて破砕した後、目開き６．７ｍｍ、５．２ｍｍ、３．０ｍｍの篩いを有する３段解砕篩機（興和工業所製）に投入し、解砕メディア（ナイロン硬球ボール上段２００個、下段２００個）で解砕し、篩上品を回収した。続いて、マルメライザー（ダルトン製）に篩上解砕品を投入し、回転速度２２５ｒｐｍで１．７分間整粒処理を行った後に、目開き２ｍｍの篩を有する円形振動篩機（ダルトン製）に送り、分級を行った後、目開き２ｍｍの篩上品を粒状肥料組成物として回収した。粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９５．２％で、収率は６４．５％で、粒硬度は３．８ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は１．０％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は５．３％、固結強度は０．３ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
Example 1
3 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of talc were mixed in 100 parts by weight of neutralized chicken ash neutralized with phosphoric acid to prepare a raw material. This mixed raw material is supplied as a granulator to Briquetta (registered trademark) BSS-IV type (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo), effective roll width is 150 mm, roll pressure is 8.4 kN / cm, burr thickness is 1.70 mm, pocket After granulating at a size of 3.9 mm and a roller rotation speed of 50 rpm and crushing with a coarse crusher, a three-stage crushing sieve machine having a sieve with openings of 6.7 mm, 5.2 mm, and 3.0 mm (Kowa Industry Co., Ltd.) And then crushed with a crushing medium (200 nylon hard ball balls, 200 lower balls), and the sieved product was collected. Subsequently, the pulverized product on the sieve was put into a marumerizer (made by Dalton), subjected to granulation treatment for 1.7 minutes at a rotational speed of 225 rpm, and then sent to a circular vibrating sieve (made by Dalton) having a sieve with an opening of 2 mm. After classifying, a sieved product having an opening of 2 mm was recovered as a granular fertilizer composition. The granular fertilizer composition had a 2-4 mm particle size of 95.2%, a yield of 64.5%, and a particle hardness of 3.8 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 1.0%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 5.3%, and the consolidation strength was 0.3 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例２）
タルク添加量を３重量部に変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９４．５％で、収率は７０．３％で硬度は４．０ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．９％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 2)
A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of talc added was changed to 3 parts by weight. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 94.5%, the yield was 70.3%, and the hardness was 4.0 kgf. Moreover, the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.9%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例３）
タルク添加量を４重量部に変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９４．８％で、収率は５９．５％で硬度は３．９ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．８％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 3)
A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of talc added was changed to 4 parts by weight. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 94.8%, the yield was 59.5%, and the hardness was 3.9 kgf. Further, the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.8%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例４）
タルク添加量を６重量部に変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９３．８％で、収率は５１．５％で硬度は３．８ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．８％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
Example 4
A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of talc added was changed to 6 parts by weight. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 93.8%, the yield was 51.5%, and the hardness was 3.8 kgf. Further, the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.8%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例５）
タルク添加量を１０重量部に変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９２．２％で、収率は４０．６％で硬度は３．２ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．９％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は５．６％、固結強度は０．２ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 5)
A granular fertilizer composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of talc added was changed to 10 parts by weight. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 92.2%, the yield was 40.6%, and the hardness was 3.2 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.9%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 5.6%, and the consolidation strength was 0.2 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例６）
水添加量を１０重量部、タルク添加量を３重量部に変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９３．０％で、収率は３５．０％で硬度は３．３ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は１．５％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は１３．０％、固結強度は０．８ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 6)
A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of water added was changed to 10 parts by weight and the amount of talc added was changed to 3 parts by weight. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 93.0%, the yield was 35.0%, and the hardness was 3.3 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 1.5%, the consolidation rate after 1 month of the consolidation test was 13.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.8 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例７）
リン酸で中和した鶏ふん中和灰１００重量部に、水を３重量部を容器に入れて混合し原料とした。該混合原料を造粒機としてブリケッタ（登録商標）ＢＳＳ−ＩＶ型（新東工業製）に供給し、ロール有効幅を１５０ｍｍ、ロール圧力を８．４ｋＮ／ｃｍ、バリ厚みを１．７０ｍｍ、ポケットサイズを３．９ｍｍ、ローラー回転数５０ｒｐｍで造粒を行い、粗砕機にて破砕した後、目開き６．７ｍｍ、５．２ｍｍ、３．０ｍｍの篩いを有する３段解砕篩機（興和工業所製）に投入し、解砕メディア（ナイロン硬球ボール上段２００個、下段２００個）で解砕し、篩上品を回収した。続いて、マルメライザー（ダルトン製）に篩上解砕品を投入し、回転速度２２５ｒｐｍで１．７分間整粒処理を行った。その後、目開き２ｍｍの篩を有する円形振動篩機（ダルトン製）に送り、分級を行った後、目開き２ｍｍの篩上品を粒状肥料組成物として回収した。この円形振動篩い工程において粒状肥料組成物１００重量部に対して３重量部のタルク（浅田製粉ＳＷ−Ａ）を添加して、粒状肥料組成物表面をタルクで被覆処理した。粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９３．２％で、収率は２９．５％で、粒強度は３．２ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．９％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 7)
3 parts by weight of water was placed in a container and mixed with 100 parts by weight of chicken ash neutralized ash neutralized with phosphoric acid to prepare a raw material. This mixed raw material is supplied as a granulator to Briquetta (registered trademark) BSS-IV type (manufactured by Shinto Kogyo), effective roll width is 150 mm, roll pressure is 8.4 kN / cm, burr thickness is 1.70 mm, pocket After granulating at a size of 3.9 mm and a roller rotation speed of 50 rpm and crushing with a coarse crusher, a three-stage crushing sieve machine having a sieve with openings of 6.7 mm, 5.2 mm, and 3.0 mm (Kowa Industry Co., Ltd.) And then crushed with a crushing medium (200 nylon hard ball balls, 200 lower balls), and the sieved product was collected. Subsequently, the sieved crushed product was put into a marumerizer (manufactured by Dalton), and subjected to a sizing treatment for 1.7 minutes at a rotational speed of 225 rpm. Then, it sent to the circular vibration sieve machine (made by Dalton) which has a sieve of 2 mm of openings, and after classifying, the sieve top product of 2 mm of openings was collect | recovered as a granular fertilizer composition. In this circular vibration sieving step, 3 parts by weight of talc (Asada Milling SW-A) was added to 100 parts by weight of the granular fertilizer composition, and the surface of the granular fertilizer composition was coated with talc. The granular fertilizer composition had a 2-4 mm particle size of 93.2%, a yield of 29.5%, and a grain strength of 3.2 kgf. Moreover, the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.9%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例８）
粒状化促進材のタルクをステアリン酸ナトリウムに変更して、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９４．５％で、収率は５５．０％で硬度は３．６ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は１．０％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 8)
A granular fertilizer composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the talc of the granulation accelerator was changed to sodium stearate. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 94.5%, the yield was 55.0%, and the hardness was 3.6 kgf. Further, the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 1.0%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例９）
畜ふん燃焼灰をリン酸で中和した鶏ふん中和灰からリン酸で中和していない鶏ふん燃焼灰に変更し、該鶏ふん燃焼灰１００重量部に対してタルク添加量を３重量部添加して実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９２．４％で、収率は３７．５％で硬度は３．２ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．８％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
Example 9
We changed livestock burning ash from chicken neutralized ash neutralized with phosphoric acid to non-neutralized chicken poultry ash, and added 3 parts by weight of talc to 100 parts by weight of chicken poultry ash. A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 92.4%, the yield was 37.5%, and the hardness was 3.2 kgf. Further, the moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.8%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（実施例１０）
実施例３と同じく、タルク添加量を４重量部に変更する以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。得られた粒状肥料組成物に、リン安粒状組成物６０重量部および塩化カリ粒状組成物４０重量部を容器に入れて混合し、混合肥料とした。混合肥料の固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は０．０％、固結強度は０．０ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Example 10)
Similar to Example 3, a granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of talc added was changed to 4 parts by weight. The obtained granular fertilizer composition was mixed with 60 parts by weight of a phosphorous granular composition and 40 parts by weight of a potassium chloride granular composition in a container to obtain a mixed fertilizer. The consolidation rate of the mixed fertilizer after one month was 0.0%, and the consolidation strength was 0.0 kg / cm 2 .
（比較例１）
畜ふん燃焼灰をリン酸で中和した鶏ふん中和灰に対してタルクを添加していない以外は、実施例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９３．４％で、収率は４５．０％で硬度は３．４ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．９％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は６３．０％、固結強度は４．５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Comparative Example 1)
A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that talc was not added to the chicken manure neutralized ash obtained by neutralizing livestock manure ash with phosphoric acid. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 93.4%, the yield was 45.0%, and the hardness was 3.4 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.9%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 63.0%, and the consolidation strength was 4.5 kg / cm 2 .
（比較例２）
畜ふん燃焼灰をリン酸で中和した鶏ふん中和灰からリン酸で中和していない鶏ふん燃焼灰に変更し、比較例１と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９２．８％で、収率は４５．０％で硬度は３．３ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．８％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は７５．０％、固結強度は５．６ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Comparative Example 2)
The livestock dung combustion ash was changed from the chicken dung neutralized ash neutralized with phosphoric acid to the chicken dung burned ash not neutralized with phosphoric acid, and a granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 92.8%, the yield was 45.0%, and the hardness was 3.3 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.8%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 75.0%, and the consolidation strength was 5.6 kg / cm 2 .
（比較例３）
粒状化促進材のタルクを糖蜜に変更して実施例２と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９１．４％で、収率は１５．０％で硬度は３．３ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は１．０％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は８５．０％、固結強度は７．４ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Comparative Example 3)
A granular fertilizer composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the talc of the granulation accelerator was changed to molasses. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 91.4%, the yield was 15.0%, and the hardness was 3.3 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 1.0%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 85.0%, and the consolidation strength was 7.4 kg / cm 2 .
（比較例４）
粒状化促進材のタルクをベントナイトに変更して実施例２と同様の方法で粒状肥料組成物を作製した。その結果、粒状肥料組成物の２〜４ｍｍ粒径が９２．８％で、収率は２５．０％で硬度は３．４ｋｇｆであった。また、粒状肥料組成物の水分率は０．９％、固結テスト１ヶ月後の固結率は５８．０％、固結強度は５．４ｋｇ／ｃｍ２であった。
(Comparative Example 4)
A granular fertilizer composition was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the talc of the granulation accelerator was changed to bentonite. As a result, the 2-4 mm particle size of the granular fertilizer composition was 92.8%, the yield was 25.0%, and the hardness was 3.4 kgf. The moisture content of the granular fertilizer composition was 0.9%, the consolidation rate after one month of the consolidation test was 58.0%, and the consolidation strength was 5.4 kg / cm 2 .
以上のように、畜ふん燃焼灰または、鉱酸であるリン酸、硫酸、硝酸、塩酸のいずれかで中和された畜ふん中和灰に、粒状化促進材としてタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、フッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種を混合あるいは被覆した粒状肥料組成物とすることで、粒状化促進材を含まない場合と比較して、粒状肥料の粒硬度が高くて粉化率しにくく、造粒収率が高く、さらには保管中に固結しにくくすることができた。 As described above, animal manure ash or animal mantle neutralized ash neutralized with mineral acids such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, talc, polyethylene glycol, stearic acid as granulation accelerators By making a granular fertilizer composition mixed or coated with at least one selected from metal salt, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, lithium fluoride, Compared with the case where the granulation accelerator is not included, the granular fertilizer has a high particle hardness and is difficult to pulverize, has a high granulation yield, and can be hard to solidify during storage.
本発明による粒状肥料組成物は、畜ふん燃焼灰に、特定の粒状化促進材を配合することで容易に取り扱いがしやすく、機械散布に適した高い硬度の粒状肥料をえることができ、未利用資源の有効活用にもつながるものである。 The granular fertilizer composition according to the present invention can be easily handled by blending a specific granulation accelerator with animal manure combustion ash, and can obtain a granular fertilizer with high hardness suitable for machine spraying. It also leads to effective use of resources.
Claims (14)
１）畜ふん燃焼灰に、水および、タルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種の粒状化促進材を混合する工程
２）１）で得られた混合物を造粒して粒状にする工程
３）２）で得られた粒状物を整粒し形状を調節する工程
４）３）で得られた形状が調節された粒状物を乾燥する工程 The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of Claims 1-8 containing the following 4 processes.
1) Livestock manure ash, water and talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride Step 2) Mixing at least one granulation promoting material selected from 1) Granulating the mixture obtained in 1) to granulate Step 3) Adjusting the shape of the granule obtained in 2) and adjusting the shape Step 4) A step of drying the granular material having the shape adjusted in 3).
１）畜ふん燃焼灰にに水を加えて造粒して粒状にする工程
２）１）で得られた粒状物を整粒し形状を調節する工程
３）２）で得られた形状が調節された粒状物にタルク、ポリエチレングリコール、ステアリン酸金属塩、ラウリル硫酸金属塩、カオリン、炭酸カルシウム、酸化ケイ素、テレフタル酸カルシウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、リン酸カルシウム、およびフッ化リチウムから選ばれる少なくとも一種の粒状化促進材を添加し被覆する工程
４）３）で得られた粒状物を乾燥する工程 The manufacturing method of the granular fertilizer composition in any one of Claims 1-8 containing the following 4 processes.
1) Step 2) Adding granulated granulation by adding water to animal manure combustion ash 2) Adjusting the shape by adjusting the shape of the granules obtained in 1) 3) Adjusting the shape obtained in 2) At least one selected from talc, polyethylene glycol, metal stearate, metal lauryl sulfate, kaolin, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, calcium terephthalate, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, and lithium fluoride. Step of adding and covering granulation accelerator 4) Step of drying the granular material obtained in 3)
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