JP3877668B2

JP3877668B2 - Granular fertilizer

Info

Publication number: JP3877668B2
Application number: JP2002312919A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 普志坂下; 拓司直川
Original assignee: Denki Kagaku Kogyo KK
Current assignee: Denka Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-10-28
Filing date: 2002-10-28
Publication date: 2007-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-28
Also published as: JP2004149323A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、カニ殻又はエビ殻を含んでなる粒状肥料に関する。
【従来の技術】
【０００２】
粒状石灰窒素、又はこれに他の肥料成分を含んでなる粒状肥料には、粉状肥料に比べて、散布時の飛散による肥料損失や、付近の他の作物への被害が少ない等の利点から賞用されている。
【０００３】
石灰窒素に他の肥料成分を含んでなる粒状肥料は、粉状の石灰窒素を水系バインダー添加して造粒する転動造粒法、又は粉状の石灰窒素を尿素などのバインダーを用いて加圧成形する圧縮造粒法によって製造される（特許文献１）。これらには一長一短がある。転動造粒法では、球形の粒が得られるが、石灰窒素の主成分であるシアナミド窒素分の損失が大きいという欠点がある。圧縮造粒法では、シアナミド窒素分の損失は少なく石灰窒素の効果を引き出すのに最も好ましい造粒法であるが、成型時の形状がペレット状であると、球状の造粒物に比べ、経時的に粉化しやすい欠点がある。
【０００４】
しかしながら、いずれの造粒法にあっても、得られた粒状肥料は保存状態が悪いと保存中に粉化するので、保存には吸湿させないなどの細心の注意が必要であった。そこで粉化防止を改善するため、これまでに天然パラフィン、ピッチ、ステアリルアルコール等の滑剤を添加する（特許文献２）などの多くの提案がなされてきたが、これといった決め手がない状況である。
【特許文献１】
特公昭４７−１３０８５号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平１０−１３８１号公報
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、経時粉化を高度に抑制した粒状肥料を提供することである。本発明の目的は、肥料原料に特定含水率、特定粒度のカニ殻又はエビ殻の特定量を混ぜて造粒することによって達成することができる。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、含水率が１７質量％以下、粒度２ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合が８０質量％以上であるカニ殻又はエビ殻を３〜２５質量％を含有してなる肥料の造粒物であって、肥料が、硫安、硝安、塩安、尿素、粉状石灰窒素、粒状石灰窒素、水和（スレーク）石灰窒素、過りん酸石灰、重過りん酸石灰、熔成りん肥、焼成りん肥、りん酸アンモニウム、重焼りん、苦土過りん酸、骨灰、骨炭粉末、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ及び硝酸カリから選ばれた一種又は二種以上であることを特徴とする粒状肥料である。また、本発明は、上記のカニ殻又はエビ殻と石灰窒素とを含み、尿素をバインダーとしてなる肥料の造粒物であって、カニ殻又はエビ殻を３〜２５質量％を含有してなることを特徴とする粒状肥料である。
【０００７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、更に詳しく本発明について説明する。
【０００８】
本発明が対象としている粒状肥料の肥料成分は、硫安、硝安、塩安、尿素、粉状石灰窒素、粒状石灰窒素、水和（スレーク）石灰窒素、過りん酸石灰、重過りん酸石灰、熔成りん肥、焼成りん肥、りん酸アンモニウム、重焼りん、苦土過りん酸、骨灰、骨炭粉末、塩化カリ、硫酸カリ及び硝酸カリから選ばれた肥料の一種又は二種以上である。
【０００９】
本発明で用いられるカニ殻又はエビ殻であるが、中でもカニ殻が、土壌改良効果、病害抑制効果がある（農業技術体系土壌施肥編，農山漁村文化協会，１９９０，１９９２年）ので、本発明には好適となる。カニ殻又はエビ殻の含水率は１７質量％以下で、粒度２ｍｍ以下の割合が８０質量％以上であることが好ましい。
【００１０】
カニ殻又はエビ殻の含有量は、粒状肥料中に３〜２５質量％含まれるのが好ましく、３質量％未満では粉化抑制効果が充分ではなく、また２５質量％を超えると造粒性が悪化する。
【００１１】
圧縮造粒法で採用されるバインダーとしては、尿素、デキストリン、ゼラチン、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、リグニン、コーンスターチ、廃糖蜜、水、水ガラス等があるが、特に尿素が好適である。尿素は、バインダーであると同時に肥料成分であり、肥料成分の配合物を粒状化するだけでなく、配合することで窒素の含有率を高めることができる。
【００１２】
バインダーの使用量は、粒状肥料中に５〜３０質量％含まれるのが好ましく、５質量％未満では得られた造粒物の強度が充分ではなく、また３０質量％を超えると加圧する際の流動性が極端に高まり造粒性が悪化する。
【００１３】
圧縮造粒法の造粒機としては、加圧と造粒が同時にできるものが好ましい。これには、スクリュウー型・回転多孔ダイス・回転ブレード等の押出し造粒機、圧縮ロール・ブリケッティングロール・打錠等の圧縮造粒機を例示することができる。転動造粒法の造粒機としては、通常のパン型造粒機等が使用される。
【００１４】
粒状肥料の形状は、球形、円筒形、塊状などいずれでも良く、大きさは短径１〜４ｍｍ、長径２〜１０ｍｍのものが例示される。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例、比較例をあげて更に具体的に本発明を説明する。
【００１６】
実施例１比較例１
硫安４８質量％、熔成りん肥２０質量％、塩化カリウム１６質量％、消石灰３質量％、カニ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下８５質量％以上、含水率１０質量％）１３質量％の混合物を、押し出し造粒機により、直径約３ｍｍ、長さ約５ｍｍのペレット状の造粒物に押し出し成形した。比較のため、カニ殻１３質量％を消石灰（合計で１６質量％となる）としたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００１７】
実施例２比較例２
あらかじめ水和した粉状の石灰窒素を４８質量％、熔成りん肥２０質量％、塩化カリウム１６質量％、カニ殻（実施例１と同じ）１６質量％の混合物を、水をバインダーとし、パン型造粒機を用いた転動造粒により、直径約２〜４ｍｍの球状の造粒物を製造した。比較のため、カニ殻１６質量％を消石灰としたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００１８】
実施例３比較例３
粉状の石灰窒素２３質量％、熔成りん肥３５質量％、塩化カリウム１７質量％、尿素１２質量％、消石灰３質量％、カニ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下９５質量％以上、含水率６質量％）１０質量％の混合物を、押し出し造粒機により、直径約３ｍｍ、長さ約５ｍｍのペレット状の造粒物を製造した。比較のため、カニ殻１０質量％を消石灰（合計で１３質量％となる）としたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００１９】
実施例４比較例４
あらかじめ水和した石灰窒素８０質量％とカニ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下９５質量％以上、含水率１３質量％）２０質量％の混合物を、水をバインダーとし、パン型造粒機を用いた転動造粒によって、直径約２〜４ｍｍの球状の造粒物を製造した。比較のため、カニ殻のかわりに消石灰を用いたこと以外は、同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００２０】
実施例５
カニ殻のかわりにエビ殻（粒度２ｍｍ以下９５質量％以上、含水率１０質量％）を用いたこと以外は、実施例４と同様にして造粒物を製造した。
【００２１】
参考例１
粉状の石灰窒素２３．５質量％、熔成りん肥４８．５質量％、塩化カリウム１７質量％、尿素１０質量％、ステアリルアルコール１質量％を押し出し造粒機により、直径約３ｍｍ、長さ約５ｍｍのペレット状の造粒物を製造した。
【００２２】
得られた粒状肥料について、以下に従う粉化促進試験を行い、粉化率を測定した。それらの結果を表１に示す。表１から、本発明の粒状肥料は粉化が著しく抑制されることが分かる。
【００２３】
粉化促進試験
試料２５０ｇを０．３ｍｍふるいに入れ、造粒時に混入した粉を除くため自動ふるいにて３分間処理して０．３ｍｍ以下の粉を除去した。その後、自動ふるいにて１０分間処理し、発生した０．３ｍｍ以下の粉の質量％を測定し、促進試験前の粉化率とした。ついで、別の試料２５０ｇを採取し、上記と同様にして、造粒時に混入した０．３ｍｍ以下の粉を除去した後、ポリエチレン袋に入れ袋の口を加熱圧着し閉じ、温度３５℃、湿度８５％の恒温恒湿室内で４日間保存した。この試料を自動ふるいにて１０分間処理し、発生した０．３ｍｍ以下の粉の質量％を測定し、促進試験後の粉化率とした。
【００２４】
【表１】

【００２５】
つぎに、実施例３又は比較例３で製造された肥料肥料と、表層腐植質黒ボク土とを混合・撹拌し、内径１１．３ｃｍ、高さ６．５ｃｍの１万分の１アールポットに入れた。肥料は、窒素成分２０ｋｇ／１０アール、りん酸成分１４ｋｇ／１０アール、カリ成分２０ｋｇ／１０アールになるように施用し、肥料効果確認試験を行った。試験は、土壌の最大容水量の６０％になるように水を注ぎ、１週間静置後、コマツナ種子をポットに播種し、１週間後の発芽率を調査した。灌水は適宜行った。３週間後、生育量を調べるため地上部質量を測定した。これらの測定値の３０個体の平均値を表２に示す。
【００２６】
【表２】

【００２７】
表２から、実施例３と比較例３の粒状肥料との間には、発芽率の差異はないので、本発明の粒状肥料にはカニ殻又はエビ殻を含有していても野菜の生育にはなんら悪影響を与えないことが示された。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、粉化を高度に抑制した粒状肥料が提供される。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer comprising crab shell or shrimp shell .
[Prior art]
[0002]
For granular fertilizers containing granular lime nitrogen or other fertilizer components, fertilizer loss due to scattering during spraying and less damage to other nearby crops compared to powdered fertilizers It is used for awards.
[0003]
Granular fertilizers containing other fertilizer components in lime nitrogen can be added by rolling granulation method in which powdered lime nitrogen is granulated by adding an aqueous binder, or powdered lime nitrogen is added using a binder such as urea. Manufactured by compression granulation method (Patent Document 1). These have advantages and disadvantages. In the rolling granulation method, spherical particles are obtained, but there is a disadvantage that the loss of cyanamide nitrogen, which is the main component of lime nitrogen, is large. The compression granulation method has the least cyanamide nitrogen loss and is the most preferred granulation method to bring out the effect of lime nitrogen. However, when the shape at the time of molding is pelletized, it is more time-consuming than spherical granulated products. There is a drawback that it is easy to powder.
[0004]
However, in any of the granulation methods, the obtained granular fertilizer is pulverized during storage if the storage state is poor. Therefore, it was necessary to be careful not to absorb moisture during storage. Thus, in order to improve the prevention of powdering, many proposals such as adding a lubricant such as natural paraffin, pitch, stearyl alcohol and the like have been made so far (Patent Document 2).
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-13085 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-1381
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a granular fertilizer that highly suppresses pulverization over time. The object of the present invention can be achieved by mixing a specific amount of crab shell or shrimp shell with a specific water content and a specific particle size into a fertilizer raw material and granulating it.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a fertilizer granulated product containing 3 to 25% by weight of crab shell or shrimp shell having a water content of 17% by mass or less and a ratio of particles having a particle size of 2 mm or less. , Fertilizer is ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, powdered lime nitrogen, granular lime nitrogen, hydrated (slake) lime nitrogen, superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime, molten fertilizer, calcined phosphorus fertilizer, It is a granular fertilizer characterized by being one or more selected from ammonium phosphate, heavy burnt phosphorus, bitter clay superphosphate , bone ash, bone charcoal powder, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate . Further, the present invention is a granulated product of fertilizer containing the above crab shell or shrimp shell and lime nitrogen and using urea as a binder, and contains 3 to 25% by mass of crab shell or shrimp shell. It is a granular fertilizer characterized by this.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0008]
Fertilizer components of the granular fertilizer targeted by the present invention include ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate , ammonium sulfate, urea, powdered lime nitrogen, granular lime nitrogen, hydrated (slaked) lime nitrogen, superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime,熔成phosphorus fertilizer, firing phosphorus fertilizer, ammonium phosphate, Omosho phosphorus, magnesia superphosphate, bone ash, bone charcoal powder, potassium chloride, is one or more kinds of fertilizer selected from sulfuric acid potassium and potassium nitrate.
[0009]
Crab shells or shrimp shells used in the present invention , among which crab shells have a soil improvement effect and a disease suppression effect (Agricultural Technology System, Soil Fertilization, Agriculture and Mountain Fishing Village Cultural Association, 1990, 1992). Is suitable. The water content of the crab shell or shrimp shell is preferably 17% by mass or less, and the ratio of the particle size of 2 mm or less is preferably 80% by mass or more.
[0010]
The content of crab shell or shrimp shell is preferably 3 to 25% by mass in the granular fertilizer, and if it is less than 3% by mass, the powdering suppression effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 25% by mass, the granulation property is increased. Getting worse.
[0011]
Examples of binders employed in the compression granulation method include urea, dextrin, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose, lignin, corn starch, molasses, water, water glass, and urea is particularly preferable. Urea is a fertilizer component as well as a binder, and not only granulate the blend of fertilizer components but also increase the nitrogen content by blending.
[0012]
The amount of the binder used is preferably 5 to 30% by mass in the granular fertilizer, and if it is less than 5% by mass, the strength of the obtained granulated product is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 30% by mass, the pressure is increased. The fluidity is extremely increased and the granulation property is deteriorated.
[0013]
As a granulator for the compression granulation method, a granulator capable of simultaneously applying pressure and granulation is preferable. Examples thereof include extrusion granulators such as a screw type, a rotary perforated die, and a rotary blade, and compression granulators such as a compression roll, a briquetting roll, and a tableting. As a granulator for the rolling granulation method, a normal bread granulator or the like is used.
[0014]
The shape of the granular fertilizer may be any of a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a lump shape, etc., and the size is exemplified by those having a minor axis of 1-4 mm and a major axis of 2-10 mm.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
[0016]
Example 1 Comparative Example 1
A mixture of 48% by mass of ammonium sulfate, 20% by mass of fertilizer, 16% by mass of potassium chloride, 3% by mass of slaked lime, and 13% by mass of crab shell (particle size 2 mm or less, 85% by mass or more, water content 10% by mass) was extruded. It was extruded and formed into a pellet-shaped granulated product having a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of about 5 mm by a granulator. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that 13% by mass of crab shell was replaced with slaked lime (a total of 16% by mass).
[0017]
Example 2 Comparative Example 2
A mixture of 48% by mass of hydrated powdered lime nitrogen, 20% by mass of fertilizer, 16% by mass of potassium chloride, 16% by mass of crab shell (same as Example 1), water as a binder, bread A spherical granulated product having a diameter of about 2 to 4 mm was produced by rolling granulation using a mold granulator. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that 16% by mass of crab shell was replaced with slaked lime.
[0018]
Example 3 Comparative Example 3
Powdered lime nitrogen 23% by mass, molten manure 35% by mass, potassium chloride 17% by mass, urea 12% by mass, slaked lime 3% by mass, crab shell (particle size 2 mm or less, 95% by mass or more, moisture content 6% by mass) A pellet-shaped granulated product having a diameter of about 3 mm and a length of about 5 mm was produced from the 10 mass% mixture by an extrusion granulator. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that 10% by mass of crab shell was replaced with slaked lime (a total of 13% by mass).
[0019]
Example 4 Comparative Example 4
Rolling forging using a bread granulator with a pre-hydrated mixture of 80% by mass of lime nitrogen and 20% by mass of crab shell (particle size 2 mm or less, 95% by mass or more, water content 13% by mass) using water as a binder Spherical granules having a diameter of about 2 to 4 mm were produced from the granules. For comparison, a granulated product was produced in the same manner except that slaked lime was used instead of crab shell.
[0020]
Example 5
A granulated product was produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that shrimp shell (particle size 2 mm or less, 95% by mass or more, water content 10% by mass) was used instead of crab shell.
[0021]
Reference example 1
Powdered lime nitrogen 23.5% by mass, molten manure 48.5% by mass, potassium chloride 17% by mass, urea 10% by mass, stearyl alcohol 1% by mass. About 5 mm pellets were produced.
[0022]
About the obtained granular fertilizer, the pulverization acceleration | stimulation test according to the following was done, and the pulverization rate was measured. The results are shown in Table 1. From Table 1, it can be seen that the granular fertilizer of the present invention is remarkably suppressed in pulverization.
[0023]
250 g of the pulverization acceleration test sample was placed in a 0.3 mm sieve and treated for 3 minutes with an automatic sieve to remove the powder mixed at the time of granulation to remove powder of 0.3 mm or less. Then, it processed for 10 minutes with the automatic sieve, the mass% of the powder | flour of 0.3 mm or less which generate | occur | produced was measured, and it was set as the powdering rate before an acceleration test. Next, another 250 g sample was taken and, in the same manner as described above, after removing powder of 0.3 mm or less mixed at the time of granulation, it was put in a polyethylene bag and the bag mouth was closed by thermocompression, temperature 35 ° C., humidity It was stored in an 85% constant temperature and humidity room for 4 days. This sample was processed with an automatic sieve for 10 minutes, and the mass% of the generated powder of 0.3 mm or less was measured to obtain the powdering rate after the acceleration test.
[0024]
[Table 1]

[0025]
Next, the fertilizer fertilizer produced in Example 3 or Comparative Example 3 and the surface humic black soil are mixed and stirred, and placed in a 1 / 10,000 arepot having an inner diameter of 11.3 cm and a height of 6.5 cm. It was. The fertilizer was applied so that the nitrogen component was 20 kg / 10 are, the phosphoric acid component was 14 kg / 10 are, and the potash component was 20 kg / 10 are, and a fertilizer effect confirmation test was performed. In the test, water was poured so as to be 60% of the maximum water capacity of the soil, and after standing for 1 week, Komatsuna seeds were sown in a pot, and the germination rate after 1 week was investigated. Irrigation was performed as appropriate. Three weeks later, the above-ground mass was measured in order to examine the amount of growth. Table 2 shows the average value of 30 measured values.
[0026]
[Table 2]

[0027]
From Table 2, since there is no difference in germination rate between the granular fertilizer of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3, the granular fertilizer of the present invention can grow vegetables even if it contains crab shell or shrimp shell. Was shown to have no adverse effects.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
According to this invention, the granular fertilizer which suppressed powdering highly is provided.

Claims

A granulated product of fertilizer containing 3 to 25% by mass of crab shell or shrimp shell having a water content of 17% by mass or less and a particle size of 2 mm or less of 80% by mass or more , Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, powdered lime nitrogen, granular lime nitrogen, hydrated (slaked) lime nitrogen, superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime, molten fertilizer, calcined phosphorus fertilizer, ammonium phosphate, A granular fertilizer characterized in that it is one or more selected from heavy burned phosphorus, mashed superphosphoric acid, bone ash, bone charcoal powder, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate .

A granulated product of fertilizer comprising crab shell or shrimp shell according to claim 1 and lime nitrogen and urea as a binder, and containing 3 to 25% by mass of crab shell or shrimp shell. Characteristic granular fertilizer.